2021新高考英语语法填空专题解析及方法指导

2021新高考英语语法填空专题解析及方法指导I.题型研读◎命题宗旨语法填空题于2014年首次出现在高考新课标英语试卷中，它标志着把英语基础知识放在一句话中做单项选择的时代的终结，标志着在语篇中考查语言基本功的时代已经到来。

◎材料词数短文体200词左右；对话体(广东卷)180词左右。

◎命题方式＊提示词类要求改变词的呈现形式(偶尔也可以不改)＊纯空格类要求填“小词”，指的是体型短小、实际含义不是很大、又不可或缺的词汇。

如冠词、连词、介词、代词、副词、引导词、以及特殊句式中涉及到的小词。

◎考查重点词法、语法、句法、语篇II. 语法填空题满分指南◎提示词类1.动词的考点分布研究a.做谓语On my way to school, A boy on a bike caught(catch) my attention.It was(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.If the new students are accepted (accept),many universities will offer an instruction program for them to get to know the procedures.b.做非谓语It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.While there are amazing(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual.One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being(be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint).When she got home with her small but well chosen(choose) present in her bag, her parents were already at table having dinner.The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed(push) open.Generally speaking(speak),they can meet people’s needs very well.c.考查词性转换＊动词变成形容词I was so excited that I couldn’t sleep last night. I fell asleep(sleep) at about two o’clock in the morning.Suddenly, all fear was gone(go) and I backed up and unlocked my car door.Sounds good. But it is full of traps on the Internet, and some people have really unpleasant(please)experience about online dating.While there are amazing(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual.Beginning a new life in a new place can be very puzzling(puzzle). Smoking makes me feel relaxed. I am used to having a cigarette every now and then especially when I am bored(bore).¤表示情绪的使动词surprise,amaze,satisfy,frighten,tire,bore,annoy,terrify,move,inspire,en courage,excite,disappoint,worry,move, touch,astonish, shock＊动词变成名词In the final year of high school, they complete applications(apply) and send them to the universities.There is a famous saying (say) “Good habits lead to good endings”, which shows the importance of habits.＊动词变成动名词(动 +v-ing/介词+ v-ing)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking(smoke),” she informed her daughter.We can start the habit by writing(write) a learning summary and remember to record something impressive and meaningful.＊动词变成介词Many Americans write letters to newspapers that give advice on many different subjects including(include) family problems, the use of language,etc.d.考查get/have/keep/see/catch/notice…复合宾语结构Always give strangers the feeling that you are at home. Have the snow cleaned(clean) off your stairs or out of your driveway during the winter season.A:I must warn you that living with a family in London is very expensive. B:That’s not a big problem for I have some money saved(save).I had noticed three hens running(run) free in my hostess’ courtyard.e.用于固定短语中考查What’s more, I am supposed (suppose) to go rock climbing with my colleague Dorothy tomorrow morning.2.名词的考点分布研究a.名词变成复数While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes(change) are gradual.b.名词词性转换＊变成形容词While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient(patience).I had’t heard from him for nearly two days, and I became very anxious (anxiety).＊变成副词At a young age, he moved to Spain and now plays professionally (profession) for the FC Barcelona.c.加前缀变成反义词/加后缀变成形容词甚至副词Unfortunately (fortune),disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back.By this time,the father had opened another cold beer and another match was beginning. Impatient(patience) with the boy’s interruption, the dad brought a magazine to his son.One rainy(rain) night I was driving along a lonely highway when I saw a man walking rapidly ahead of me.I can not control my body well. My legs become painful(pain).Dust is really harmful (harm) to our lungs.Traditionally(tradition), it was the woman’s job to cook food and set the table.3.形容词、副词的考点分布研究a.词性转换＊形容词变成副词The river was so polluted that it actually(actual) caught fire and burned.＊形容词变成名词You might not feel the difference(different) now, but after 10 years of smoking, you might feel it, and then it would be too late.On the other hand, chopsticks reflect gentleness (gentle) and kindness.Most Americans don’t like to get advice from members of their family. They get advice from strangers(strange).＊加前缀，变成其反义词Compared with the classes on the Internet, traditional classes are inconvenient(convenient) for us adults to attend.Unfortunately (fortunate),disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back.Impatient(patient) with the boy’s interruption, the dad brought a magazine to his son.b.变成比较级、最高级Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner(clean) than ever.The harder(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hurt.I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys for hours, and I thanked God for the greatest(great) gift I had ever been given.If you are travelling(travel) abroad , here are the tips you need to make your trip much easier(easy).◎纯空格类(专填小词)1.填冠词a.用于固定表达中Nowadays, the Internet plays an important role in learning.Now , years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental clean-up.b.考查冠词本身的词性功能Some high school students may be required to have an interview with people from the university.Besides, I can always get a part-time job.Pretty soon everyone was surprised as the donkey stepped up over the edge of the well and ran off happily ！2.填介词a.用于固定短语中Nowadays,with the development of technology, online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.OK. Don’t laugh at me. I may look funny.This should serve as a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings.People regard receiving hongbao as a luck beginning to the new year.I have to leave at about a quarter to ten.When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next to the window.Taiji asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well as strong.I’m going to the cinema. How about coming with me?She found some good quality pipes(烟斗) on sale.b.考查介词本身的表意功能Each of your troubles is a stepping stone. You can get out of the deepest well just by never giving up!With the Internet, we can search for any information we need in the comforts of our homes and I can realize my dream without stepping out of my house.I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys for hours.3.填代词a.代指上文可数名词单数、不可数名词或者某一件事，用it.It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let it stay in the air for seconds.b.填it做形式主语/宾语.It wasn’ t a good idea to climb up there alone and that I should have got help first.The more knowledge students have about the school, the easier it will be for them to adapt to the new environment.c.固定表达中的itIt seems that she can’t control herself well.It was obvious that he is keen on English songs.I know I sleep a lot, but I can’t help it.It doesn’t matter when you coma back.d.强调句型中的itIt was my father that helped him go through the cancer.e.填its 的情况World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year on the first Wednesday of March. Its aim is to encourage people worldwide to enjoy a book.f.填与人有关的代词Then he invited some of his neighbors to come over and help him.It takes about ten minutes to walk from her house to mine.Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸).g.填不定代词A: Does every student stay with a host family?B: Yes, we try our best to match each of the visiting studens with a family. Some of these writers are doctors, others are lawyers or educators. Sometimes, I feel very tired, both physically and mentally.When she came home she sensed something unusual.He looked as though he would fall at any moment.I’d like to buy a computer. Could you please give me some advice?4.填连词There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointing.But the river wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months.They always promise, but they never act.Paris Fashion Week for Spring started on 26 June while the Autumn event was on 2 October.5.填引导词a.填状语从句的引导词One rainy night, I was driving alone a lonely highway when I saw a man walking rapidly ahead of me.Unbelievable! Oh… if you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep breath. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.She wished that her father was as easy to please as her mother.It’s said that the machine can clean the dust out of the smoke before it goes into the air.You are falling so fast that just turning your head can send you off in a different direction.b.填定语从句的引导词And here with me in the studio I’ve got Tessa Colbeck, who writes for Flash Magazine.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.The man was a plumber(水暖工), whose truck had got stuck in the mud.c.填名词性语从句的引导词What is acceptable in one country may be considered extremely rude in another.The students may take one or more examinations that test how well prepared they are for the university.What kids should keep in mind is that in most cases, your parents can relate to what you are going through because they were teens once.From what I’ve heard, perhaps he worked too hard.6.填时间副词/衔接性副词A: I hope you haven’t been waiting too long on such a hot day.B: No. I just got here a few minutes ago.About five minutes later there appeared a helicopter overhead.After 10 years of smoking, you might feel it, and then it would be too late. Then I reached the boy. However, I couldn’t get him down.When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. Instead, many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines.A: How are you getting along with our preparations for the entrance exam? B: Well , I really can’t tell. Anyway, I’m doing my best, working day and night.A: So am I.I’m sure most people would side with the honest person. Either we live in the truth or we live in lies.7.填数词Scot is one of the top students in the college.III.语法填空顺口溜(56字歌)名词注意单复数，前缀后缀别小瞧；动词考得最火爆，时态语态很重要；非谓语是天天考，复合宾语要记牢；形容副词爱比较，从句小词想周到。