大学英语四级阅读题段落匹配练习题
四级段落匹配题专项训练题附答案
四级段落匹配题专项训练题附答案四级段落匹配题专项训练题原文You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A University Degree No Longer Confers Financial Securitylions of school-leavers in the rich world are about to bid a tearful goodbye to their parents and start a new life at university. Some are inspired by a pure love of learning. But most also believe that spending three or four years at university--and accumulating huge debts in the process--will boost their chances of landing a well-paid and secure job.B.Their elders have always told them that education is the best way to equip themselves to thrive in a globalised world. Blue-collar workers will see their jobs outsourced and automated, the familiar argument goes. School dropouts will have to cope with a life of cash-strapped (资金紧张的) insecurity. But the graduate elite will have the world at its feet. There is some evidence to support this view. A recent study from Georgetown Universitys Centre on Education and the Workforce argues that"obtaining a post-secondary credential ( 证书) is almost always worth it." Educational qualifications are tightly correlated with earnings: an American with a professional degree can expect to pocket $3.6m over alifetime; one with merely a high- school diploma can expect only $1.3m. The gap between more- and less-educated earners may be widening. A study in 2002 found that someone with a bachelors degree could expect to earn 75% more over a lifetime than someone with only a high-school diploma. Today the disparity is even greater.C.But is the past a reliable guide to the future? Or are we at the beginning of a new phase in the relationship between jobs and education? There are good reasons for thinking that old patterns are about to change--and that the current recession-driven downturn (衰退) in the demand for Western graduates will morph (改变) into something structural. The strong wind of creative destruction that has shaken so manyblue-collar workers over the past few decades is beginning to shake the cognitive elite as well.D.The supply of university graduates is increasing rapidly. The Chronicle of Higher Education calculates that between 1990 and 2007 the number of students going to university increased by 22% in North America, 74% in Europe, 144% in Latin America and 203% in Asia. In 2007 150m people attended university around the world, including 70m in Asia. Emerging economies—specially China--are pouring resources into building universities that can compete with the elite of America and Europe. They are also producing professional- services firms snch as Tata Consulting Services and Infosys that take fresh graduates and turn them into world-class computer programmers and consultants. The best and the brightest of the rich world must increasingly compete with the best and the brightest from poorer countries who are willing to work harder for less money.E. At the same time, the demand for educated labor is being reconfigured (重新配置) by technology, in much the same way that the demand for agricultural labor was reconfigured in the 19th century and that for factory labor in the 20th. Computers can not only perform repetitive mental tasks much faster than human beings. They can also empower amateurs to do what professionals once did: why hire aflesh-and-blood accountant to complete your tax return when Turbotax (a software package ) will do the job at a fraction of the cost? And the variety of jobs that computers can do is multiplying as programmers teach them to deal with tone and linguistic ambiguity.F.Several economists, including Paul Krugman, have begun to argue that post-industrial societies will be characterized not by a relentless rise in demand for the educated but by a great "hollowing out", as mid-level jobs are destroyed by smart machines and high-level job growth slows. David Autor, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), points out that the main effect of automation in the computer era is not that it destroys blue-collar jobs but that it destroys any job that can be reduced to a routine. Alan Blinder of Princeton University, argues that the jobs graduates have traditionally performed are if anything more "offshorable" than low-wage ones. A plumber or lorry-drivers job cannot be outsourced to India. A computer programmers can.G. A university education is still a prerequisite for entering some of the great industries, such as medicine, law and academia (学术界), that provide secure and well-paying jobs. Over the 20th century these industries did a wonderful job of raising barriers to entry--sometimes for good reasons (nobody wants to be operated on by a barber) and sometimes for self-interested ones. But these industries are beginning to bend theroles. Newspapers are fighting a losing battle with the blogosphere. Universities are replacing tenure-track professors with non-tenured staff. Law firms are contracting out routine work such as"discovery" (digging up documents relevant to a lawsuit) to computerized-search specialists such as Blackstone Discovery. Even doctors are threatened, as patients find advice online and treatment in Walmarts new health centers.H.Thomas Malone of MIT argues that these changes--automation, globalizafion and deregulation--may be part of a bigger change: the application of the division of labor to brain-work. Adam Smiths factory managers broke the production of pins into 18 components. In the same way, companies are increasingly breaking the production of brain-work into ever tinier slices. TopCoder chops up IT projects into bite-sized chunks and then serves them up to a worldwide workforce of freelance coders.I.These changes will undoubtedly improve the productivity ofbrain-workers. They will allow consumers to sidestep (规避 ) the professional industries that have extracted high rents for their services. And they will empower many brain-workers to focus on what they are best at and contract out more tedious tasks to others. But the reconfiguration of brain-work will also make life far less cozy and predictable for the next generation of graduates.四级段落匹配题专项训练题选项46. The creative destruction that has happened to blue-collar workers in the past also starts to affect the cognitive elite.47. For the next generation of graduates, life will be far less comfortable and predictable with brain-work reconfigured.48. After computers are taught by programmers to deal with tone and linguistic ambiguity, the variety of jobs they can do will increase dramatically.49. Most school-leavers believe that, despite the huge debts they owe, going to university will increase their chances of getting secure jobs with high salaries.50. Modern companies are more likely to break the production of intellectual work into ever tinier slices.51. A scholar of Princeton University claims that the jobs traditionally taken by graduates are more likely to be offshored than low-wage ones.52. The income gap between an American professional degree holder and an American high-school graduate shows income is closely related to educational qualifications.53. The changes in the division of brain-work will save consumers some high service fees the professional organizations charge.54. Some students have always been told that. to achieve success ina globalised world, it is most advisable to equip themselves with education.55. Emerging economies are providing a lot of resources to build universities to compete with the elite of America and Europe.四级段落匹配题专项训练题答案46.C解析：题干意为，过去发生在蓝领工人身上的创造性毁灭，现在也开始对文化精英造成影响了。
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习3
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习(3)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attach ed to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the p aragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corres ponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.TV Linked to Lower MarksA) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets wer e turned on. Now three new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, r etard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine.B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bed room can have on third graders. "We looked at the household media environment in relati on to academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language arts tests," said stu dy author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sc hool of Public Health.C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, coll ected data on386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watche d, the number of TV sets, computers and video game consoles in the household and wher e they were. They also collected data on how much time the children spent using the diff erent media, as well as the time spent doing homework and reading. The researchers foun d that the media in the household, where it is and how it is used can have a profound e ffect on learning. "We found that the household media environment has a very close asso ciation with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said.D) "A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is e ight points lower on a mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in t he bedroom," she noted. These children also scored lower on the reading and language art s tests. However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with children who don't have access to a home co mputer, Borzekowski noted.E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. "W hen there's TV in the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content an d the amount watched," Borzekowski said. "They are also unable to know how early or h ow late the set is on. This seems to be associated with kids' performance on academic tes ts." Borzekowski believes that content and the time the TV is on may be the primary rea sons for its negative effect. "If the TV is in the family room, then parents can see the co ntent of what children are watching," she said. "Parents can choose to sit alongside and w atch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strategy is to ke ep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there."F) In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Ot ago in Dun edin, New Zealand, and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social backgro und, if you watch a lot of TV during childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a colle ge degree by your mid-20s. In their study, the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of5 and 15, they were asked how mu ch television they watched. The researchers found that those who watched the most televis ion during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26."We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave school wit hout any qualifications," Hancox said in a prepared statement. "Those who watched little t elevision had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree."G) Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on gr aduating from college. "An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was stro ngly linked to leaving school without any qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing t hat had the greatest impact on getting a degree," he said. "This suggests that excessive tel evision in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance."H) In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from th e University of Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result i n lower test scores in mathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. "We l ooked at how much television children watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5," Zi mmerman said. "We found that for children who watched a small amount of TV in the e arlier years, there was co nsider able beneficial effect compared to children who watched a lot of TV."I) For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. "There we re some beneficial effects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary," he noted. "The worst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TVbefore age 3. Those kids had a significant disadvantage compared to the other kids." Pare nts should follow the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation, which is no TV f or children under 2, Zimmerman said. "Personally, I feel the cutoff should be children un der 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3."J) One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on what children are watching. "Content matters," said Deborah L. Line barger, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying editorial. "Educational content has been found to be related to performance on school rea diness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers, whereas, non-educational content tend s to be associated with lower academic performance."K) Another expert agrees. "TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things," said Dr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and Treatment Program at the New York University Child Study Center. "TV is not necessarily toxic, but is some-thing that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child for healthy development."L) Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch s quarely on parents. "The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced a mount of time reading or doing homework," he said. "The key is the amount of control p arents have in limiting the amount of access. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be awareof what is being watched; limit the amount of TV watching."46. According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.47. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school.48. Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.49. According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree d epends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.50. In Deborah L. Lingbarger's opinion, educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.51. The environment of family media greatly affects children's test scores according t o the first report.52. Borzekowski believes that TV's negative effect on children's marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.53. Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids' TV watching.54. According to the recommendation from American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2 should watch no TV.55. Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one's acquiring a college de gree most.SectionB电视机与成绩差有关A.)自电视机问世以来，其对孩子的影响便一直颇具争议。
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案-4
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.长篇阅读Definitions of ObesityA) How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B) The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerE) Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F) The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting inlower predisposition to breast cancer.G) The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH) Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and asmoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I) The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.DementiaJ) Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K) Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.Other ProblemsL) The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting thetreatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.M) This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.对应题目：1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.2. Using the "Body Mass Index" to define a person's weight ideal is limited, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.3. A person's emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added7.4 years to her biological age.7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly drain economies.参考答案：1. A2. C3. D4. E5. F6. H7. I8. J9. K10. L。
四级段落匹配阅读练习题及答案解析
四级段落匹配阅读练习题及答案解析A Battle is Looming over Renewable Energy,and Fossil Fuel Interests are LosingA. In state capitals across the country,legislators are debating proposals to roll back environmental rules，prodded by industry and advocacy groupseager to curtail缩减regulations aimed atcurbing greenhouse gases.B.The measures，which have been introduced in about 18 states，lie at the heart of an effort to expand to the state level the battle over fossil fueland renewable energy.The new rules wouldtrim or abolish climate mandates--including those that require utilities to use solar and wind energy,as well as proposed Environmental Protection Agency rules that would reduce carbonemissions from power plants.C.But the campaign—despite its backing from powerful groups such as Americans for Prosperity—has run into a surprising roadblock：the growing political clout of renewable-energy interests，evenin rock-ribbed Republican states such as Kansas.D. The stage has been set for what one lobbyist called“trench warfare”as moneyed interests on both sides wrestle over some of the strongest regulations for promoting renewable energy.And theissues are likely to surface this fall in the midterm elections，as well，with Califomia billionaire Tom Steyer pouring money into various gubernatorial州长的and state and federal legislativeraces to back candidates who support tough rules curbing pollution.E.The multi-pronged conservative effort to roll back regulations，begun more than a year ago，is supported by a loose，well.funded confederation that includes the U.S.Chamber of Commerce，theNational Association of Manufacturers and conservative activist groups such as Americans for Prosperity,a politically active nonprofit organization founded in part by brothers David andCharles Koch.These groups argue that existing government rules violate free-market principles and will ultimately drive up costs for consumers.F.The proposed measures are similar from state to state.In some cases，the legislative language matches or closely resembles model bills and resolutions offered by the American LegislativeExchange CouncilALEC，a free-market.oriented group of state lawmakers underwritten in part by Exxon Mobil，Koch Industries，Duke Energy and Peabody Energy.“Now more than ever is the time forstates to lead the wa y,”ALEC’s top officials told its members at a meeting in December.G.The coalition campaigns have achieyed only symbolic victories in a few states.Nonbinding resolutions critical of the EPA power plant proposals have been approved inAlabama，Georgia，Nebraska，West Virginia and Wyoming.Three otherstates--Louisiana.Missouri and Ohio—are weighing legislation similar to the ALEC model.H.Only one of the 18 state legislatures has approved a more substantive measure that would replace the EPA’s powe r plant rules.And even that bill.in Kentucky,could backfire by giving up achance for the state to design its own program and forcing it to accept a federal compliance program.I.“Clean energy is beginning to become mainstream，”said GabeEisner,executive director of the Energy and Policy Institute，a clean-energy think tank in Washington.“Renewable energy is popularand has increased political power now,”but，he added，“that power is still eclipsed by the resources of the fossil fuel industry.”A surprisingly tough fightJ.Kansas might be the best place to see how these dynamics are unfolding.K.The state was a promising choice for a foray攻击against rules known as renewable-energy standards.which set minimum levels of renewable-energy use by electric utilities.Variations of theserules have been adopted in about 30 states.even though Congress did not pass a federal version of the requirement.In Kansas，a law passed in 2021 requires utilities to use wind and solar powerto generate at least 15 percent of their electricity bv 2021 and 20 percent by 2021.L.The coalition seeking the repeal of the renewable mandate had all the ingredients for success.Financial.muscle came from the Kansas Chamber of Commerce，which lobbied heavily for repeal.Inaddition，the state is home to Koch Industries，the Kochbrothers’Wichita-based energy conglomerate集团.The state representative for Wichita，Republican Dennis Hedke，has called the company“one ofthe greatest success stories in the world”and said“they are makingvery positive contributions.”Hedkechairs the state House’s Energy and Environment Committee.M.Koch Industries，along with the utility industry’s Edison Electric Institute and the nation’s biggest coal company,Peabod y Energy,have supported ALEC.which advised state lawmakers on repealstrategy.N.“Koch has consistently opposed all subsidies and mandates across the board.especially as it relates to energy policy,”Philip Ellendea presidentand chief operating officer of Koch CompaniesPublic Sector,said in a statement，citing the company’s opposition tothe renewable fuel standard，wind production tax credit and ethanol乙醇mandate.“Government should not mandate the allocationor use of natural resources and raw materials in the production of goods.”O.The ideological case was supported by conservative think tanks.Kansansfor Liberty supposed repeal.and the state branch of Americans for Prosperity told supporters that“green energymandates replace the free-market with bureaucratic government oversight，driving up costs for hard—working Kansas families.”The national group has spent$300.000 in the state pushing for therollback of renewable standards.P.Connections to key Kansas politicians also were stron9.Both the Kansas state Senate’s president.Susan Wagle，and the speaker of the state House，Ray Merrick，are members of the ALEC board andbacked repeal.“The repeal of the RPS[Renewable Portfolio Standards]fits in line with the goals of the organization，”said Wagle，who said she joined ALEC in the 1990s in connection with heropposition to health-care reforln led by Hillary Rodham Clinton.then the first lady.Q.Moreover’the Kansas economy relies heavily on fossil fuels.The state iS the nation’s 10th.1argest producer of crude oil and l 2th-largest of natural gas，according to the federal EnergyInformation Administration.In 2021，coal-fired power plants provided 61 percent of the state’s electricity,well above the national aver age.But the strong winds that blow across Kansas havecarried new interests into the state.Kansas ranks sixth in the countryin wind output，which jumped by a third last year and equaled 19 percent of the state’s electricity,the EIA says.R. The growing number of wind farms not only generates power but royalties for landowners.Dorothy Barnett，executive director of the Climate and Energy Project，said that Kansas landownersreceive more than$1 3 million a year.“This issue is an issue that touches rural Kansans，and we have a lot of rural Kansas legislators，”she said.46.Resolutions with no binding force which are picky about the EPA power plant proposals have been accepted in many states such as Alabama and Georgia.47.It is hopeful to gain success if Kansas is chosen as the foray against the rules of renewable-energy standards which minimize the renewable-energy use by power plants.48.Koch Company’s Philip Ellender cited the company’s opposition to the renewable rules to approve its objection to all energy-policy-concerning subsidies and mandates，and advised thatgovernment let go of the allocation or use of materials used in goods production.49.The issue is a problem that concerns the benefits of people in therural Kansas，and we have a great many lawmakers from rural parts of Kansas.50.The requirement to abolish the RPS complies with the organization’s targets.51.The methods adopted by the l 8 states are the kernel of the attempts to level up the battle between fossil fuel and renewable energy.52.The stage is established for the so-called“Wench warfare”，for the monetary benefits of both parts have been violated by the most powerful rules to spread renewable energy.53.The league which requires abolishing the renewable mandate had all the factors to achieve success.54.However,the winds that sweep across Kansas have brought new benefits to the state.55.The all-sided efforts which roll back the renewable rules have been backed by a confederation with abundant capital，the members of which go against the existing govemment rules.46.Resolutions with no binding force which are picky about the EPA power plant proposals have been accepted in many states such as Alabama andGeorgia.那些对EPA电力公司的建议很挑剔的，不具有约束力的决议得到了阿拉巴马和佐治亚等州的支持。
大学英语四级段落信息匹配题训练
大学英语四级段落信息匹配题训练大学英语四级段落信息匹配题训练：Creative Book Report IdeasA.Are you at a loss for creative book report ideas for your students?If yes.then this article will help you make reading and reviewing books more creative for your class.In an age of PSPs，Xbox，anime and gaming arcades，reading has lost its foothold in the list of hobbies that children tend to cite.Most of the reading that kids do today,comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school and maybe that is the reason they find reading to be an insurmountable and boring task.If you want to inculcate the love for languages and literary masterpieces in your students and want them to devour books everyone should read，then a good way of going about the same would be to get them to start working on creative book report ideas.While working on creative ideas for book reports，your students will have to understand the book in a way that allows them to come up with new ways to present to the class，the essence of the book.B.As a teachel while egging your students to activate their creative gray cells.you will have to help them out with basic ideas that they can work on.Depending on the age bracket that your students belong to，the creative book report ideas will vary.This is so，not just because of the varying attention spans that children of various age groups posses butalso because of the amount of work that kids can put into the report.While a middle school student wiIl be comfortable handling a handy cam，a student from elementary school will be more fascinated if he is working with paints and puppets.So do you want to know how to write a book report creatively?In this article.we will list out for you，a couple of good creative book report ideas for elementary students and for middle school students.C.A book report sandwich is a good creative idea for book reports.As a teacher you can get drawings of a sandwich on sheets of Paper that are of the color of the ingredients of your sandwich，for example，a cream sheet of paper to resemble mayonnaise，red to represent tomato and likewise.Ob.viously,each ingredient should be cut in a way that when assembled together,it looks like a sandwich.Now,give each of your students one of these book sandwiches to create their book report.It can start with the name of the book and the authors name on the top slice of the sandwich.The second ingredient can have the summary of the book on it.Each subsequent ingredient can have a description of the main characters，the setting of the book，the plot，and then his or her views about the book.Once they are done with their book reports，they can staple the book sandwich together and then，you can create a class bulletin board with all the book report sandwiches on display.D.One of the good techniques to retell a story,it is also one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students.The job that the student will have is to read the book and then pick a few objects at his/her home which will allow him/her to retell the story in a way that makes it interesting for his/ her audience.Every time he/she picks out an objectfrom the bag to report the book he/she has read，there has to be a valid connection between the book and the object，which the student can first ask the audience to guess and then go ahead and explain it.This idea is spin—off on the normal show and tells and allows for an interactive book report session.E.This is one of the creative ideas for book reports in which.as the teacher, you will have to divideyour class into groups and give them one book each.The students can then read the book and get together and write a play and act it out for the class.To give a deeper insight into the book，one of the students can play the role of the author and as a group，the students can try and recreate the thought Drocess of the author.The student playing the role of the author can then interrupt the play at lmportant iunctllres and talk about the reasons for these twists in the play and how he/she came up with these plot lines.F.As a voung adult，your students fascination may go beyond the immediate concerns of the book.He/she may want to understand the circumstances in which the book was written，the times then，the events happening in the world and get the authors perspective about the book.Encourage your students to mink on those lines.Divide the class into pairs and give each pair one book to read.Let them then do the roles of the author and a journalist.You can have an interview session in front of the class.enabling them to dissect the book and get a peek into the authors world.G.In a technology—obsessed world，it maybe a very tiny minority of your class that does not get excited with the Drospect of shooting a film.One of the best creative book report ideas for middle school， youwill need to divide the class into groups and give them at least two months to adapt the book that thev have been assigned，into a film.The movie should have a well—adapted screenplay,and allother prerequisites，like a lighting engineer,sound engineer, costume designer,etc.At the end of the given time，the film can be screened in front of the class and then discussed.H.If you are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas，then this one could be for you.Assign every student a book and then ask them to start maintaining a diary,from the authorsDoint of vie w.Ask them to come up with imaginary incidents from the authors life and use historical events to explain why the author wrote the book in a certain manner.Alternately, you can also ask your students to give a surrogate ending to the story.I)、These are just few of the options that you could use to inspire your students to come up with creative book report ideas.As kids we tend to be more imaginative and creative .Encourage your students to mink om of the box and appreciate them for their efforts.This will help you have a class that is not only lively and inquisitive by nature but also a class that will cultivate a love for words.46.11eachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.47.Adopting the method of knowing your author,teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns of the book.48.Asking me students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas.49.Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.50.Nowadays，most of book children read are those they need to read for school.51.Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.52.While working on creative ideas for book reports，students will have to understand the book.53.The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.54.If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book，they should give them no fewer than two months.55.Teachers have to divide their class into groups and give them one book each is a good creative book report ideas.。
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习7
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习(7)Section BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attac hed to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify th e paragraph from which the information is derived．You may choose a paragraph more th an once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the c orresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．Promote Learning and Skills for Young People and AdultsA) This goal places the emphasis on the learning needs of young people and adults i n the context of lifelong learning．It calls for fair access to learning programs that are ap propriate，and mentions life skills particularly．B)Education is about giving people the opportunity to develop their potential，their pe rsonality and their strengths．This does not merely mean learning new knowledge，but als o developing abilities to make the most of life．These are called life skills——including t he inner capacities and the practical skills we need．C)Many of the inner capacities——often known as psych0—social skills——cannot be taught as subjects．They are not the same as academic or technical learnin9．They must rather be modeled and promoted as part of learning，and in particular by teachers．These skills have to do with the way we behave—towards other people，towards ourselves，towa rds the challenges and problems of life．They include skills in communicating，in making decisions and solving problems，in negotiating and expressing ourselves，in thinking critically and understanding our feelings．D)More practical life skills are the kinds of manual skills we need for the physical t asks we face．Some would include vocational skills under the heading of life skills——the ability to lay bricks．sew clothes，catch fish or repair a motorbike．These are skills by which people may earn their livelihood and which are often available to young people lea ving school．In fact，very often young people learn psycho-social skills as they learn mor e practical skills．Learning vocational skills can be a strategy for acquiring both practical and psycho-social skills．E)We need to increase our life skills at every stage of life，so learning them may be part of early child—hood education．of primary and secondary education and of adult learning groups．Life skills can be put into the categories that the Jacques Delors report sugg ested；it spoke of four pillars of education，which correspond to certain kinds of life skill s—Learning to know：Thinking abilities：such as problem—solving，critical thinking，dec ision making，understanding consequences．Learning to be：Personal abilities：such as ma naging stress and feelings，self-awareness，self-confidence．Learning to live together：Soci al abilities：such as communication，negotiation，teamwork．Learning to do：Manual skil ls：practicing know-how required for work and tasks．F)In today’s world all these skills are necessary, in order to face rapid change in soc iety．This means that it is important to know how to go on learning as we require new s kills for life and work．In addition，we need to know how to cope with the flood of inf ormation and turn it in to useful knowledge．We also need to learn how to handle change in society and in our own lives．G)Life skills are both concrete and abstract—practical skills can be learned directly, a s a subject．For example, a learner can take a course in laying bricks and learn that skil l．Other life skills，such as self-confidence，self-esteem，and skills for relating to others or thinking critically cannot be taught in such direct ways．They should be part of any le arning process，where teachers or instructors are concerned that learners should not just le arn about subjects，but learn how to cope with life and make the most of their potential．H)So these life skills may be learnt when learning other things．For example：Learni ng literacy may have a big impact on self-esteem，on critical thinking or on communicati on skills；Learning practical skills s ach as drivin9，healthcare or tailoring may increase s elf-confidence，teach problem—solving processes or help in understanding consequences．I) Whether this is true depends on the way of teachin9—what kinds of thinkin9，relat ionship building and communication the teacher or facilitator models themselves and prom otes among the learners．It would require measuring the individual and collective progress in making the most of learning and of life，or assessing how far human potential is being realized，or estimat ing how well people cope with change．It is easier to measure the development of practic al skills，for instance by counting the number of students who register for vocational skill s courses．However, this still may not tell us how effectively these skills are being used．J)The psych0．social skills cannot easily be measured by tests and scores，but become visible in Chang behavior．Progress in this area has often been noted by teachers on re ports which they make to the parents of their pupils．The teacher’s experience of life，of teaching and of what can be expected from education in the broadest sense serve as a standard by which the growth and development of individuals can be assessed to some exten t．This kind of assessment is individual and may never appear in international tables and charts．K)The current challenges relate to these difficulties：We need to recognize the import ance of life skills both practical and psycho-social as part of education which leads to t he full development of human potential and to the development of society．The links bet ween psycho—social skills and practical skills must be more clearly spelled out，so that e ducators can promote both together and find effective ways to do this．Since life skills ar e taught as part of a wide range of subjects，teachers need to have training in how to pu t them across and how to monit or learners’growth in these areas．In designing curricula and syllabuses for academic subjects，there must be a balance between content teaching and attention to the accompanying life skills．A more conscious and deliberate effort to promote life skills will enable learners to become more active citiz ens in the life of society．L) Governments should recognize and actively advocate for the transformational role of education in realizing human potential and in socio—economic development．Ensure tha t curricula and syllabuses address life skills and give learners the opportunity to make real -life applications of knowledge，skills and attitudes．Show how life skills of all kinds app ly in the world of work，for example，negotiating and communication skills，as well prac tical skills．Through initial and in-service teacher training，increase the use of active and participatory learning／teaching approaches．Examine and adapt the processes and content of education so that there is a balance between academic input and life skills developmen t．Make sure that education inspectors look not only for academic progress through teachi ng and learning，but also progress in the communication，modeling and application of li fe skills．Advocate for the links between primary and(early)secondary education because le arning life skills needs eight or nine years and recognize that the prospect of effective sec ondary education is an incentive to children，and their parents，to complete primary educ ation successfully．M)Funding agencies should support research，exchange and debate．nationally and reg ionally,on ways of strengthening life skills education．Support innovative(创新的)teacher training in order to combine life skills promotion into subjects across the curriculum and as a fundamental part of what school and education are about．Recognize the links betwee n primary and secondary education in ensuring that children develop strong life skills．Sup port，therefore，the early years of secondary education as part basic education．N) As support to governments and in cooperation with other international agencies，U NESC0：Works to define life skills better and clarify what it means to teach and learn th em．Assists education. policy makers and teachers to develop and use a life skills approac h to education．Advocates for the links between a life skills approach to education and br oader society and human development．46．The recognition of life skills as part of education will promote the development o f human potential and society．47．The abilities to make the most of life consist of the inner capacities and the prac tical skills．48．The progress in psycho—social skills can be measured by changed behavior．49．Governments should examine and adapt the processes and content of education so as to balance the academic input and life skills development．50．According to Jacques Delors，four pillars of education include learning to know, learning to be，learning to live together and learning to do．51．The funding agencies should link primary education and secondary education to make sure that children develop strong life skills．52．Learning literacy may exert an influence on self-esteem，critical thinking and co mmunication skills．53．One function of UNESCO is to help educational policy makers and teachers to d evelop and use a life skills approach to education．54．Learning vocational skills can be an approach to acquiring both practical and psy cho—social skills．55．The abilities to manage stress and feelings，self-awareness，self-confidence are pe rsonal abilitiesSection B促进年轻人和成年人的学习和技能A)这个目标以“终生学习”为背景，将重点放在年轻人和成年人的学习需要上。
英语四级阅读段落匹配模考试题及答案解析
英语四级阅读段落匹配模考试题及答案解析英语四级阅读段落匹配Jaguars Don't Live Here AnymoreA)Earlier this month, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service announced it would appoint" critical habitat" for the endangered jaguar. Jaguars--the world's third-largest wild cats, weighing up to 250 pounds, with distinctive black rosettes ( 玫瑰花色 ) on their fur--are a separate species from the smaller, tawny (黄褐色的) mountain lions, which still roam large areas of the American West in the United States and take the first steps toward mandating (批准) a jaguar recovery plan. This is a policy reversal and, on the surface, it may appear to be a victory for the conservation community and for jaguars, the largest wild cats in the Western Hemisphere.B) But as someone who has studied jaguars for nearly three decades, I can tell you it is nothing less than a slap in the face to good science. What's more, by changing the rules for animal preservation, it stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act.C)The debate on what to do about jaguars started in 1997, when, at the urging of many biologists ( including me), the Fish and Wildlife Service put the jaguar on the United States endangered species list, because there had been occasional sightings of the cats crossing north over the United States-Mexico border. At the same time, however, the agency ruled that it would not be "prudent" (谨慎的 ) to declare that the jaguar has critical .habitat--a geographic area containing features the species needs to survive--in the United States. Determining an endangered species' critical habitat is a first step toward developing a plan for helping that species recover.D)The 1997 decision not to determine critical habitat for the jaguar was the right one, because even though they cross the border from time to time, jaguars don't occupy any territory in our country--and that probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them.E)In prehistoric times, these beautiful cats inhabited significant areas of the western United States, but in the past 100 years, there have been few, if any, resident breeding populations here. The last time a female jaguar with a cub ( 幼兽 ) was sighted in this country was in the early 1900s.F)Two well-intentioned conservation advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Defenders of Wildlife, sued the Fish and Wildlife Service to change its ruling. Thus in 2006, the agency reassessed the situation and again determined that no areas in the United States met the definition of critical habitat for the jaguar. Despite occasional sightings, mostly within 40 miles of the Mexican border, there were still no data to indicate jaguars had taken up residence inside the United States.G ) After this second ruling was made, an Arizona rancher ( 牧场主 ), with support from the state Game and Fish Department, set infrared-camera (红外摄像机 ) traps togather more data, and essentially confirmed the Fish and Wildlife Service's findings. The cameras did capture transient jaguars, including one male jaguar, nick named Macho, B, who roamed the Arizona borderlands for more than a decade. But Macho B, now dead, might have been the sole resident American jaguar, and his extensive travels indicated he was not having an easy time surviving in this dry, rugged region.H) Despite the continued evidence, the two conservation advocacy groups continued to sue the government. Apparently,they want jaguars to repopulate the United State seven if jaguars don't wan! to. Last March, a federal district judge in Arizona ordered the Fish and Wildlife Service to revisit its 2006 determination on critical habitat.I)The facts haven't changed: there is still no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar. But, having asserted this twice already, the service, nowunder a new president, has bent to the tiresome litigation (诉讼). On Jan. 12, Fish and Wildlife officials, claimed to have evaluated new scientific information that had become available after the July 2006 ruling. They determined that it is now prudent to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.J)This means that Fish and Wildlife must now also formulate a recovery plan for the jaguar. And since jaguars have not been able to reestablish themselves naturally over the past century, the government will likely have to go to significant expense to attempt to bring them back--especially if the cats have to be reintroduced.K)So why not do everything we can, at whatever cost, to bring jaguars back into the United States? To begin with, the American Southwest is, at best, marginal habitat for the animals. More important, there are better ways to help jaguars. South of our border, from Mexico to Argentina, thousands of jaguars live and breed in their true critical habitat. Governments and conservation groups (including the one I head) are already working hard to conserve jaguar populations and connect them to one another through an initiative called the Jaguar Corridor.L).The jaguars that now and then cross into the United States most likely come from the northernmost population of jaguars, in Sonora, Mexico. Rather than demand jaguars return to ourcountry, we should help Mexico and other jaguar-range countries conserve the animals' true habitat itM )The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars. It also stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act, because if critical habitat is redefined as any place where a species might ever have existed, and where you or I might want it to exist again, then the door is open for many other sense less efforts to bring back long-lost creatures.N)The Fish and Wildlife officials whose job is to protect the country's wild animals need to grow a stronger backbone--stick with their original, correct decision and save their money for more useful preservation work. Otherwise, when funds are needed to preserve all those small, ugly, non-charismatic endangered species at the back of the line, there may be no money left.1. It is still a fact that there is no suitable place for jaguars to live safely in the United States.2. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service should be more determined and saving for the conservation work.3. Jaguars were regarded as endangered species because of their rare appearance at the United States-Mexico border.4. Money was not spent effectively in helping save jaguars in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service.5. It can be inferred that the United States is not the best choice for jaguars to live from the evidence that they don't settle anywhere here.6. South of the United States' border, from Mexico to Argentina, is the true critical habitat for jaguars.7. The number of jaguars breeding populations in significant areas of the western United States has deceased in the past century.8. It is necessary for the government to invest lots of funds in order to help jaguars to reestablish.9. It didn't indicate that jaguars had settled down in the United States even though they were seen within 40 miles of the Mexican border at times.10. Fish and Wildlife officials were sure enough to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.答案解析：1.I)。
四级段落匹配题专项训练题
四级段落匹配题专项训练题段落匹配题为英语四级考试的新题型，阅读难度大，对考生的整体阅读能力有了更高的要求。
下面店铺为大家带来四级段落匹配题专项训练题，供各位考生阅读训练。
四级段落匹配题专项训练题原文You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Addicted, Really?A. Mental-health specialists disagree over whether to classify compulsive online behaviour as addiction---and how to treat it. Craig Smallwood, a disabled American war veteran, spent more than 20,000 hours over five years playing an online role-playing game called "Lineage II". When NCsoft, the South Korean firm behind the game, accused him of breaking the game's rules and banned him, he was plunged into depression, severe paranoia (偏执) and hallucinations (幻想). He spent three weeks in hospital. After that, he sued NCsoft for fraud and negligence (过失), demanding over $ 9m in damages and claiming that the company acted negligently by failing to warn him of the danger that he would become "addicted" to the game.B. But does it make sense to talk of addiction to online activity? Mental-health specialists say three online behaviors can become problematic for many people: video games, pornography ( 色情作品) and messaging via e-mail and social networks. But there is far less agreement about whether any of this should be called "Internet addiction"--or how to treat it.C. Some mental-health specialists wanted "Internet addiction" to be included in the fifth version of psychiatry's bible,the"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", known as DSM-V, which is currently being overhauled (全面修订). The American Medical Association endorsed (赞成) the idea in 2007, only to backtrack( 放弃) days later. The American Journal of Psychiatry called Internet addiction a "common disorder" and supported its recognition. Last year the DSM-V drafting group made its decision: lnteruet addiction would not be included as a "behavioral addiction"--only gambling made the cut--but it said further study was necessary.D. Skeptics say there is nothing uniquely addictive about the Internet. Back in 2000, Joseph Walther, a communications professor at Michigan State University, co-wrote an article in which he suggested, tongue in cheek, that the criteria used to call someone an Internet addict might also show that most professors were "addicted" to academia (学术活动). He argued that other factors, such as depression, are the real problem.He stands by that view today. "No scientific evidence has emerged to suggest that lnternet use is a cause rather than a consequence of some other sort of issue," he says. "Focusing on and treating people for Internet addiction, rather than looking for underlying clinical issues, is definitely unwise."E. Others disagree. "That would be wrong," says Kimberly Young, a researcher and therapist who has worked on Interact addiction since 1994. She insists that the Internet, with its powerfully immersive environments, creates new problems that people must learn to navigate(应对). Otherwise, the changing lifestyle will affect the development of the society.F.No one disputes that online habits can turn toxic. Take South Korea, where widespread broadband means that the average high-school student plays video games for 23 hourseach week. In 2007 the government estimated that around 210,000 children needed treatment for Internet addiction. In 2010 newspapers around the globe carried the story of a South Korean couple who fed their infant daughter so little that she starved to death. Instead of caring for the child, the couple spent most nights at an Internet cafe, sinking hours into a role- playing game in which they raised, fed and cared for a virtual daughter. And several South Korean men have died from exhaustion after marathon, multi-day gaming sessions.G. The South Korean government has since asked game developers to adopt a gaming curfew (宵禁) for children, to prevent them playing between midnight and 8 a.m. At the same time, it has also opened more than 100 clinics for Internet addiction and sponsored an "Internet rescue camp" for serious cases.H. But compulsive behaviour is not limited to garners. E-mail or web-use behaviours can also show signs of addiction. Getting through a business lunch in which no one pulls out a phone to check their messages now counts as a minor miracle in many quarters. A deluge (泛滥) of self-help books, most recently "Alone Together" by Sherry Turlde, a social scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, offer advice on how to unplug (去除障碍).I.Pornography is hardly new, either, but the Internet makes accessing it much easier than ever before. When something can be summoned in an instant via broadband, whether it is a game world, an e-mail inbox or pornographic material, it is harder to resist. New services lead to new complaints. When online auction sites first became popular, talk of "eBay addiction" soon followed. Dr. Young says women complain to her now about addiction to Facebook--or even to "FarmVille", a game playable only withinFacebook.J.Treatment centres have popped up around the world with the popularity of online games. In 2006 Amsterdam's Smith & Jones facility billed itself as "the first and, currently, the only residential video-game treatment program in the world". In America the reSTART Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to treat Internet addiction, gaming addiction, and even "texting addiction". In China, meanwhile, military-style "boot camps" are the preferred way to treat Internet problems.K. Yet many people like feeling permanently connected. As Arikia Millikan, an American blogger, once put it, "If I could be jacked in at every waking hour of the day, I would, and I think a lot of my peers would do the, same." Bob LaRose, an Internet specialist at Michigan State University, doesn't believe her. In his research on college students, he found that most sense when they are "going overboard and restore self-control". Less than1% have a pathological(病态的) problem, he adds. For most people, Internet use "is just a habit--and one that brings us pleasure." 四级段落匹配题专项训练题选项46. According to Joseph Walther, it is unwise to emphasize the treatment of Internet addiction instead of seeking for potential clinical issues.47. As online games become popular, treatment centres have sprung up all over the world.48. After playing online games continuously for days, several South Korean men were exhausted to death.49. Smallwood sued NCsoft and claimed a huge compensation for fraud and its negligence of warning him of the danger of game addiction.50. In South Korea, a gaming curfew for children wasadopted to prevent children playing after midnight.5l. Internet addiction still needs to be further studied though the DSM-V did not categorize it as a "behavioral addiction".52. An lnternet specialist found that most college students could realize when they are going too far and restore self-control.53. According to mental-health specialists, for many people, video games, pornography and messaging via e-mail and social networks can become problematic online behaviors.54. People regard it as a small miracle if nobody takes out a phone to read the messages at a business lunch.55. Kimberly Young insists that people must learn to deal with new problems brought about by the Interact.四级段落匹配题专项训练题答案46.D解析：题干意为，根据JosephWalther所说，只关注对上网成瘾的治疗，而不寻找其潜在的临床问题，这是不明智的。
英语四级段落信息匹配题练习及答案
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案（ 6 ）Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.长篇阅读Beauty and Body Image in the Media[A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women —and their body parts —sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women ' s magazines are fullof articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they ' ll have it all —the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex,and a rewarding career.[B] Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it 's no accident that youth isincreasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all womenn eed to lose weight, for sure they ' re all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women ' s Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.[C] The stakes are huge. On the one hand, womenw ho are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.[D ] The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related EatingDisorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control —including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative （泻药）abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Wome'n s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction, ” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of womena re dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight. ”[ E] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real womanb uilt that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea （慢性腹泻）and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel （which manufactures Barbie）, estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.[F ] Researchers report that women's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and art icles promoting weight loss than men 's magazines do, and over three- quarters of the covers of women 's magazines includeat least one message about how to change a woman's bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce theimportance of a thin body as a measure of a woman 's worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters inTV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies ( “How about wearing a sack? ，，) ，and 80 percent of these negative commentsa re followed by canned audience laughter.[G] There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck ( 才氐制，反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world 's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a laser beam is us ed to measure real life women 's bodies in order to find themost true to life measurement.[ H] Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women 's Magazines ” found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream women 's magazines f rom 1999 to 2004.[I] The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells“ordinary ” women that they are always in need of adjustment —and that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women 's bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize thesestereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry 's standa rds. Women learn to compare themselves toother women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “ effectively destroys any awareness andaction that might help to change that climate. ”46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50%t o 70%g irls with normal weightthink that they need to lose weight.47. On the whole, for 6 years white womenh ad been occupying much more space in mainstream women 's magazines since 1999.48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.50. It is reported that there is at least one message about the methods for women to change their bodily appearance on more than three-quarters of the covers of women ' s magazines.51. Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little.52. Too much concern with appearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend.53. Researchers found that a real womanw ith Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.54. The Quebec magazine Coup (e Pouce resists the trend by consistently including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.5 5. According to some analysts, the fundamental reason of imposing standards of beauty on women is economic profits.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection B46. [D] 题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有50%到70%体重正常的女孩认为自己需要减肥。
英语阅读段落匹配四级真题及答案
英语阅读段落匹配四级真题及答案英语阅读段落匹配四级真题及答案在平平淡淡的日常中，许多人都接触过一些比较经典的段落吧，段落是文章中最基本的单位。
内容上它具有一个相对完整的意思；在文章中，段具有换行的标。
你知道什么样的段落才能算得上是好的段落吗？以下是店铺精心整理的英语阅读段落匹配四级真题及答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
英语阅读段落匹配四级真题及答案篇1Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure[A]As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.[C] We often take a milita ristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.[D]The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, andinvesting so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most peopleassume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in t heir 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or v acations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn onyour phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.43. The author has come to see that his problem results froma misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.36. 答案：D。
大学英语四级段落信息匹配专项练习(附答案)
大学英语四级段落信息匹配专项练习（附答案）练习1Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A Grassroots RemedyA) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, and buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD --attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children usedonly to a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.F) Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds pleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.I) In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings prove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.J) We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favor that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with nonhuman life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the Natural World Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that's not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, and feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a week-end break, a day-trip, get out these and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.46. The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.47. The author's profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.48. It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.49. Elderly people will enjoy a life of better quality when they contact more with nature.50. Nowadays, people think things that can be bought are best for children, rather than things that can be found.51. Dr. William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.52. According to a study in the U. S. Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showed much better improvement.53. Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.54. We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways, among which there are walking, sitting, drinking, learning and traveling.55. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.练习2Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Endangered PeoplesA) Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provideunderstanding of the issues affecting the world's native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe. Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.B) The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.C) Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.D) Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents' values and customs. Mr. Davidson says the people’s cries are the same: “Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?”E) Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And itwas then, he says, that he first wondered: “Where are they? Where did they go?” He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.F) The Gwich'in are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwich'in remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich'in.G) One Gwich'in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: “As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!”H) About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich’in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich'in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwich’in woman describes the situation in these words: “Oil development threatens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever.”I) A scientist with a British oil company dismisses (驳回) the fears of the Gwich'in. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwich’in,however, are resisting. They took legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.J) The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.K) Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.L) David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world. A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened.Mr. MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have tobecome violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war.46. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples.47. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.48. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his childhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.49. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.50. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.51. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.52. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.53. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.54. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups.55. The Gwich' in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that it should drive the caribou away练习3Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Art of FriendshipA) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let me rant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voice mail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the world a little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when you're younger ----a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. “There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship,” Danzig says.D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40, I couldn't run up topeople the way my 4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, “Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again,” agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. “You're asking, ‘Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious.”E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests ---say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for --- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. “In high school I chose friends based on their popularity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count.” Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in ---- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. “I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'” she jokes. “I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly.” In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. “I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy.” What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chumhas the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Maria Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You're Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative ----to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.51. In Maria Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your friends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and complimentyour friend for her/his good dressing and job.52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under “stand her and erase her negative feeling.53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.练习4Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Promote Learning and Skills for Young People and AdultsA) This goal places the emphasis on the learning needs of young people and adults in the context of lifelong learning. It calls for fair access to learning programs that are appropriate, and mentions life skills particularly.B)Education is about giving people the opportunity to develop their potential, their personality and their strengths. This does not merely mean learning new knowledge, but also developing abilities to make the most of life. These are called life skills, including the inner capacities and the practical skills we need.C)Many of the inner capacities---often known as psycho-social skills cannot be taught as subjects. They are not the same as academic or technical learning. They must rather be modeled and promoted as part of learning, and in particular by teachers. These skills have to do with the way we behave---towards other people, towardsourselves, towards the challenges and problems of life.They include skills in communicating, in making decisions and solving problems, in negotiating and expressing ourselves, in thinking critically and understanding our feelings.D)More practical life skills are the kinds of manual skills we need for the physical tasks we face. Some would include vocational skills under the heading of life skills---the ability to lay bricks, sew clothes, catch fish or repair a motorbike. These are skills by which people may earn their livelihood and which are often available to young people leaving school. In fact, very often young people learn psycho-social skills as they learn more practical skills. Learning vocational skills can be a strategy for acquiring both practical and psycho-social skills.E)We need to increase our life skills at every stage of life, so learning them may be part of early childhood education of primary and secondary education and of adult learning groups. Life skills can be put into the categories that the Jacques Delors report suggested; it spoke of four pillars of education, which correspond to certain kinds of life skills---Learning to know: Thinking abilities: such as problem-solving, critical thinking, decision making, understanding consequences. Learning to be: Personal abilities: such as managing stress and feelings, self-awareness, self-confidence. Learning to live together: Social abilities: such as communication, negotiation, teamwork. Learning to do: Manual skills: practicing know-how required for work and tasks.F)In today's world all these skills are necessary, in order to face rapid change in society. This means that it is important to know how to go on learning as we require new skills for life and work. In addition, we need to know how to cope with the flood of information and turn it in to useful knowledge. We also need to learn how to handle change in society and in our own lives.G)Life skills are both concrete and abstract---practical skills can be learned directly, as a subject. For example, a learner can take a course in laying bricks and learn that skill. Other life skills, such as self-confidence, self-esteem, and skills for relating to others or thinking critically cannot be taught in such direct ways. They。
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案解析(3)
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案解析（3）Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.TV Linked to Lower MarksA) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on. Now three new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine.B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bedroom can have on third graders. "We looked at the household media environment in relation to academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language arts tests," said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, collected data on386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TV sets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collected data on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doing homework and reading. The researchers found that the media in the household, where it is and how it is used can have a profound effect on learning. "We found that the household media environment has a very close association with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said.D) "A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is eight points lower on a mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in the bedroom," she noted. These children also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with children who don't have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. "When there's TV in the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched," Borzekowski said. "They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seems to be associated with kids' performance on academic tests." Borzekowski believes that content and the time the TV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect. "If the TV is in the family room, then parents can see the content of what children are watching," she said. "Parents can choose to sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strategy is to keep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there."F) In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Ot ago in Dunedin, New Zealand, and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TV during childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study, the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. The researchers found that those who watched the most television during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26."We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave school without any qualifications," Hancox said in a prepared statement. "Those who watched little television had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree."G) Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on graduating from college. "An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was strongly linked toleaving school without any qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing that had the greatest impact on getting a degree," he said. "This suggests that excessive television in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance."H) In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from the University of Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result in lower test scores in mathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. "We looked at how much television children watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5," Zimmerman said. "We found that for children who watched a small amount of TV in the earlier years, there was co nsider able beneficial effect compared to children who watched a lot of TV."I) For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. "There were some beneficial effects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary," he noted. "The worst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3. Those kids had a significant disadvantage compared to the other kids." Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation, which is no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. "Personally, I feel the cutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3."J) One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on what children are watching. "Content matters," said Deborah L. Line barger, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying editorial. "Educational content has been found to be related to performance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers, whereas, non-educational content tends to be associated with lower academic performance."K) Another expert agrees. "TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things," said Dr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and Treatment Program at the New York University Child Study Center. "TV is not necessarily toxic, but is some-thing that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child for healthy development."L) Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch squarely on parents. "The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading or doing homework," he said. "The key is the amount of control parents have in limiting the amount of access. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of what is being watched; limit the amount of TV watching."46. According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.47. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school.48. Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.49. According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.50. In Deborah L. Lingbarger's opinion, educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.51. The environment of family media greatly affects children's test scores according to the first report.52. Borzekowski believes that TV's negative effect on children's marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.53. Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids' TV watching.54. According to the recommendation from American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2 should watch no TV.55. Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one's acquiring a college degree most.46.According to Borzekowski，children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire betterre-suits on the different tests.Borzekowski发现能接触使用家用电脑的孩子各项测试成绩一般更好。
2020年12月英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配练习题
2020年12月英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配练习题Section BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived．You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．Driver’s License Test TipsA．This article will provide you with some simple tipsfor passing your driver’s license test．Adequate preparation is absolutely essential，without which any number ofdriver’s license test tips will be redundant．B．Getting a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s life．It gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases，as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law．For some people，the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver’s license test．There are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow,to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license．C．The most important of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be prepared．This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent practice．If you are not sufficiently prepared foryour driver’s license test，all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’slicense test will be utterly pointless and redundant．You can read as manydrivers’license test tips as you want，but if you are not practicing enough，then all these driving test tips will be in vain．Enroll ing yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose．D．Now，if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test，the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking for．The following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the lookout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on．E)Starting the vehicle：The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle．He will note if you tum your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle．Here are some tips on learning to drive a car．F)Control of the vehicle：He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the vehicle．Your abilities with the gas pedal，the brake，the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized．G)Steering：Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering．This quality is closely ana．lyzed by the instructor and obviously if your steering is wayward(任性的)，the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim．H)Driving in traffic：Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost importance．Many people get extremely stressed and nervous，when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to stay calm and composed when driving in traffic．Also read more on road safety and car safety．I)Traffic signs and lane discipline：This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on．Your ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test．Keep these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your veryfirst attempt．J)Stopping：Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have．When the in． structor asks you to stop the car，the timing，the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind．K)Backing up and distance judgment：Your backing upskills and your ability to judge the distancesbetween your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized．If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily ,parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you．L)Hill parking：One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art of hill parking．This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver．If you can display goodskills at hill parking，it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle．M)Arm signals and driving etiquette：Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time．Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on th e driver’s license test．Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses．N)Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a beRer chance of clearing their d river’s license test．The primary goal of these driver，slicense test tips is to instill(慢慢灌输)a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individ．ual．These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and tmless you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving．O)Here are a few more basic drivers’license test tips that you should keep in mind when vou，re leaming how to prepare for your driving test．Always use the restroom before your test begins．Not doing so will cause more anxiety during the test．Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the test．Use your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly．Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork．Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach．Stickto the permitted speed limit．Do not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either．P)Passing a driver’s license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education．You could face a lot of difficulties．At the end of the day,remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test，so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in yourability to pass the test．This cannot be reinstated enough，but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice．46．According to this article，the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips．47．Your timing，positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stoD your test car．48．Some people may fail their driver’s license tests because they have too much stress．49．Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easV．50．The tips in this article primarily aimed atinstilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in you．51．In order to pass your driver’s license test．you should practice．52．Your driver’s license test begins in practice when you start your test car．53．During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind．54．You should sleep adequately the night before your test．55．A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education．Section B驾照考试技巧48．Some people may fail their driver’S license tests because they have too much stress．有些人可能没有通过驾照考试，是因为压力太大。
英语四级段落信息匹配题及答案
英语四级段落信息匹配题及答案如英语俨然也成为了一门必修必须掌握的学科，英语四级已经成为大学生们很基本的一门考试了，今天店铺在这里为大家分享一些英语四级段落信息匹配题，欢迎大家阅读!英语四级段落信息匹配题篇1Paper--More than Meets the EyeA) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodD) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerfulmachinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of papermaking from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will addbleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something calledlignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of notgreater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card fromone that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagK) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that yourimportant and valuable data and images have the best home possible.1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.答案参考：1. B 根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet,high grade card,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜.2. C 根据题干中的信息提示词soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。
英语四级段落信息匹配练习题（13）
英语四级段落信息匹配练习题（13）英语四级段落信息匹配练习题2.Did George Washington sleep nearby? Or Billy the Kid? Your library’s collection of local history books can put you on the trail.3.Cook a Polynesian feast.Or an ancient Roman banquet.Read how in the library’s cook books.4.Take up photography.Check the library for consumer reviews of cameras before you buy.T ake out books on lightin9，composition，or darkroom techniques or—you name it!M)If you haven，t detected by now my enthusiasm for libraries，let me offer two personal notes.I'm particularly pleased that in recent years two beautiful libraries have been named after me：a small community library in Quakertown，Pennsylvania，and the huge research library located at the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley.And I like libraries so much that I married a librarian.46.The nucleus of any public library is the car，d catalog.47.Yesterday’s best sellers are still good for readin9，which shouldn’t be overlooked.48.The author suggests that people should go to the library for answers when things go wrong49.The Reader，s Guide is a green—bound index which provides a guide to very latest expert information of any subject that interests readers.50.The sure remedy to kick the TV habit is to take home from the library interesting books to read.51.There are various kinds of fun and rewarding projects available in different libraries.52.A notebook will help readers to record the identification numbers of the frequently used books which can’t be taken home.53.Readers should not try to return the book taken from the stacks to their desk to its proper place.54.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves.55.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves.46.The nucleus of any public library is the card catalog.任何公共图书馆的核心都是卡片目录。
大学英语四级段落匹配题目
⼤学英语四级段落匹配题⽬ ⾃2013年12⽉份开始,⼤学英语四六级考试采⽤了新题型,其中改⾰的⼀⼤题型便是快速阅读,改为长篇阅读理解,也可称之为段落信息匹配题。
下⾯是店铺带来的⼤学英语四级段落匹配，欢迎阅读! ⼤学英语四级段落匹配1 Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break [A] Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the “send” button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade. [B]EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(⾃动的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks. [C] The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics. [D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that theinstant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in leaning with instant feedback,” Dr. Agarwal said. “Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.” [E] But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders. [F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁)opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professsionals Against MachineScoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky. [G] “Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring,” the group’s statement reads in part.“Computers cannot ‘read’.They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical(伦理的)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others.”. [H] But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of Californian-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools. [I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade 100 essays or essay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical(数字的)rank. [J] EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states—Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia—are using some form ofthe technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader,”to check the reliability of the human graders. [K] But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that is would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology. [L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create “massive open online courses,”or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating(吸引) toward resubmitting the work until they get it right,” said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera. [M] Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software. [N] “One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically,”said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time.” [O] Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technology—though imperfect—has a place in educational settings. [P] With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools. [Q]“Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could,”Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语四级阅读题段落匹配练习题
大学英语四级阅读题段落匹配练习题难点：1、顺序原则被打乱2、题目本身涉及长难句3、定位词不明显4、对应数量关系不唯一做题步骤：1、先题后文2、逐段做题3、拒绝投机取巧2014 -646.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49.Contrary to many peoples prediction of its death.the film industry survived.50.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.53.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.2013-1246.Caplan suggests that kids who dont love school go to work.47.An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district..48.Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money. according to one economist.49.More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.50.For those who are not prepared for higher education.going to college is not worth it.51.Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.52.A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for their college loans.53.Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.54.More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skills but also social skills.55.Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.2013-12 The rise of the sharing economyA）Last night 40.000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250.000 rooms in 30.000 cities in 192 countries.They chose their rooms and paid foreverything online.But their beds were provided by private individuals.rather than ahotel chain.Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb.a firm based in SanFrancisco.Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it—2.5million of them in 2012 alone.It is the most prominent example of a huge new“sharing economy” . in which people rent beds. cars. boats and other assets directlyfrom each other.co-ordinated via the internet.B）You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast（家庭旅店）.owning a timeshare（分时度假房）or participating in a car pool.But technologyhas reduced transaction costs.making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever—and therefore possible on a much larger scale.The big change is the availability ofmore data about people and things.which allows physical assets to be divided andconsumed as services.Before the internet.renting a surfboard.a power tool or aparking space from someone else was feasible.but was usually more trouble than itwas worth. Now websites such as Airbnb.RelayRides and SnapGoods match upowners and renters；smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentablecar is parked；social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust；and online payment systems handle the billing.Whats mine is yours.for a feeC）Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer.sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc（临时的）taxi service.car-hire firm or boutiquehotel（精品酒店）as and when it suits them.Just go online or download an app.Themodel works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by peoplewho do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obviousexamples.but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden.fields in Australia andwashing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing economy like to putit.access trumps（胜过）ownership.D）Rachel Botsman.the author of a book on the subject.says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $ 26 billion.Broader definitions of the sharing economyinclude peer-to- peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling powerback to the grid（电网）. And it is not just individuals；the web makes it easier forcompanies to rent out spare offices and idle machines.too.But the core of the sharingeconomy is people renting things from each other.E）Such “collaborative（合作的）consumption”is a good thing for several reasons.Owners make money from underused assets.Airbnb says hosts in SanFrancisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year.making$ 9.300.Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make anaverage of $ 250 a month；some make more than $ 1.000. Renters.meanwhile.payless than they would if they bought the item themselves.or turned to a traditionalprovider such as a hotel or car-hire firm.And there are environmental benefits. too：renting a car when you need it.rather than owning one.means fewer cars are requiredand fewer resources must be devoted to making them.F）For sociable souls. meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm.Curmudgeons（倔脾气的人）who imagine that every renter is a murderer can stillstay at conventional hotels.For others. the web fosters trust.As well as thebackground checks carried out by platform owners.online reviews and ratings areusually posted by both parties to each transaction.which makes it easy to spot baddrivers.bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and othersocial networks. participants can check each other out and identify friends（or friends of friends）in common.An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011.Butthe remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.Peering into the futureG）The sharing economy is a little like online shopping. which started in America 15 years ago.At first.people were worried about security.But having made a successfulpurchase from.say.Amazon.they felt safe buying ing Airbnbor a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try otherofferings.Next.consider eBay.Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace. it isnow dominated by professional “power sellers”（many of whom started out asordinary eBay users）.The same may happen with the sharing economy.which alsoprovides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely torent them out.for example.H）Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis.a car-hire firm.has a share ina sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler. two carmakers. In future. companies maydevelop hybrid（混合的）models. listing excess capacity（whether vehicles.equipment or office space）on peer-to-peer rental sites.In the past.new ways of doingthings online have not displaced the old ways entirely.But they have often changedthem.Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt. so online sharingwill shake up transport. tourism. equipment-hire and more.I）The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes.for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track downunlicensed hotels.In some American cities.peer-to-peer taxi services have beenbanned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms.The danger is that although somerules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm.existing rental businesseswill try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax.ofcourse.but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rulesthat typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.J）The sharing economy is the latest example of the internets value to consumers.Thisemerging model is now big and disruptive（颠覆性的）enough for regulators andcompanies to have woken up to it.That is a sign of its immense potential.It is time tostart caring about sharing.46.Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.47.Airbnbs success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.48.The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government regulates it.49.The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.50.The sharing economy has a promising future.51. Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation. travel. rentals.etc.52.Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.53.The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.54.One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use of.55.Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.精讲精练2012-06Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide.we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate.But this won't necessarily represent an increase in happy marriages. In the long run.the Depression weakened American families.and the current crisis will probably do the same.We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses.By 1932.when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed.the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929.But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages.Rather.with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs.unhappy couples often couldn ' t afford to divorce.They feared neither spouse could manage alone.Today.given the job losses of the past year.fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households.Furthermore.the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities.A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family. described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job “with tireless search for work.”He was always active.looking for odd jobs to do.The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain Across the country.many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale（士气）.For some.the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis.working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.Today's economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably（无法弥补地）ruined.So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
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大学英语四级阅读题段落匹配练习题难点：1、顺序原则被打乱2、题目本身涉及长难句3、定位词不明显4、对应数量关系不唯一做题步骤：1、先题后文2、逐段做题3、拒绝投机取巧2014 -646.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49.Contrary to many peoples prediction of its death.the film industry survived.50.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.53.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.2013-1246.Caplan suggests that kids who dont love school go to work.47.An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district..48.Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money. according to one economist.49.More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.50.For those who are not prepared for higher education.going to college is not worth it.51.Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.52.A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for their college loans.53.Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.54.More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skills but also social skills.55.Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.2013-12 The rise of the sharing economyA）Last night 40.000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250.000 rooms in 30.000 cities in 192 countries.They chose their rooms and paid foreverything online.But their beds were provided by private individuals.rather than ahotel chain.Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb.a firm based in SanFrancisco.Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it—2.5million of them in 2012 alone.It is the most prominent example of a huge new“sharing economy” . in which people rent beds. cars. boats and other assets directlyfrom each other.co-ordinated via the internet.B）You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast（家庭旅店）.owning a timeshare（分时度假房）or participating in a car pool.But technologyhas reduced transaction costs.making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever—and therefore possible on a much larger scale.The big change is the availability ofmore data about people and things.which allows physical assets to be divided andconsumed as services.Before the internet.renting a surfboard.a power tool or aparking space from someone else was feasible.but was usually more trouble than itwas worth. Now websites such as Airbnb.RelayRides and SnapGoods match upowners and renters；smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentablecar is parked；social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust；and online payment systems handle the billing.Whats mine is yours.for a feeC）Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer.sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc（临时的）taxi service.car-hire firm or boutiquehotel（精品酒店）as and when it suits them.Just go online or download an app.Themodel works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by peoplewho do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obviousexamples.but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden.fields in Australia andwashing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing economy like to putit.access trumps（胜过）ownership.D）Rachel Botsman.the author of a book on the subject.says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $ 26 billion.Broader definitions of the sharing economyinclude peer-to- peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling powerback to the grid（电网）. And it is not just individuals；the web makes it easier forcompanies to rent out spare offices and idle machines.too.But the core of the sharingeconomy is people renting things from each other.E）Such “collaborative（合作的）consumption”is a good thing for several reasons.Owners make money from underused assets.Airbnb says hosts in SanFrancisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year.making$ 9.300.Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make anaverage of $ 250 a month；some make more than $ 1.000. Renters.meanwhile.payless than they would if they bought the item themselves.or turned to a traditionalprovider such as a hotel or car-hire firm.And there are environmental benefits. too：renting a car when you need it.rather than owning one.means fewer cars are requiredand fewer resources must be devoted to making them.F）For sociable souls. meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm.Curmudgeons（倔脾气的人）who imagine that every renter is a murderer can stillstay at conventional hotels.For others. the web fosters trust.As well as thebackground checks carried out by platform owners.online reviews and ratings areusually posted by both parties to each transaction.which makes it easy to spot baddrivers.bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and othersocial networks. participants can check each other out and identify friends（or friends of friends）in common.An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011.Butthe remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.Peering into the futureG）The sharing economy is a little like online shopping. which started in America 15 years ago.At first.people were worried about security.But having made a successfulpurchase from.say.Amazon.they felt safe buying ing Airbnbor a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try otherofferings.Next.consider eBay.Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace. it isnow dominated by professional “power sellers”（many of whom started out asordinary eBay users）.The same may happen with the sharing economy.which alsoprovides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely torent them out.for example.H）Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis.a car-hire firm.has a share ina sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler. two carmakers. In future. companies maydevelop hybrid（混合的）models. listing excess capacity（whether vehicles.equipment or office space）on peer-to-peer rental sites.In the past.new ways of doingthings online have not displaced the old ways entirely.But they have often changedthem.Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt. so online sharingwill shake up transport. tourism. equipment-hire and more.I）The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes.for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track downunlicensed hotels.In some American cities.peer-to-peer taxi services have beenbanned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms.The danger is that although somerules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm.existing rental businesseswill try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax.ofcourse.but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rulesthat typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.J）The sharing economy is the latest example of the internets value to consumers.Thisemerging model is now big and disruptive（颠覆性的）enough for regulators andcompanies to have woken up to it.That is a sign of its immense potential.It is time tostart caring about sharing.46.Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.47.Airbnbs success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.48.The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government regulates it.49.The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.50.The sharing economy has a promising future.51. Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation. travel. rentals.etc.52.Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.53.The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.54.One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use of.55.Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.精讲精练2012-06Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide.we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate.But this won't necessarily represent an increase in happy marriages. In the long run.the Depression weakened American families.and the current crisis will probably do the same.We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses.By 1932.when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed.the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929.But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages.Rather.with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs.unhappy couples often couldn ' t afford to divorce.They feared neither spouse could manage alone.Today.given the job losses of the past year.fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households.Furthermore.the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities.A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family. described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job “with tireless search for work.”He was always active.looking for odd jobs to do.The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain Across the country.many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale（士气）.For some.the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis.working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.Today's economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably（无法弥补地）ruined.So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。