南京大学外国语学院《654基础俄语》历年考研真题汇编

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考研俄语真题答案与解析

考研俄语真题答案与解析

硕士研究生入学统一考试俄语试题解析I ЛексикаиграмматикаСейчас тысячи российских пенсионеров оказались в тяжёлом положении, причём речь идёт не столькоо материальных трудностях, 1 о недостатке общения с людьми своего возраста и более молодыми.1. [A] что[B] сколько [C] чтобы[D] насколько[解析]难度0.56,考点是连接词的用法。

注意信号词нестолько的暗示。

что作为连接词,通常说明从句或各种指示代词。

如:Мне сообщили, что собрания не будет.通知我说,会议不开了。

И он и я рады тому, что опять свиделись.他和我对于重逢都很高兴。

нестолько…сколько…是一种固定用法,表示“与其说……不如说……,主要的不是……而是……”чтобы常表示目的,如:Надо говорить ясно и просто, чтобы было понятно всем.应该说的清楚简单,使大家都明白。

насколько为副词,表示“到何种程度”“据……”如:Насколько это верно?究竟这有多正确呢?Насколько мне известно, он прибыл недавно.据我所知,他刚来不久。

Раньше свободным временем пожилых людей занимался совет ветеранов (老战士), 2 имел хотя бы небольшие помещения в районной администрации.2. [A] где[B] когда[C] кто[D] который[解析]难度0.50,考点是关联词的用法。

南京大学2009年研究生入学考试俄语专业试题--俄语语言学2009

南京大学2009年研究生入学考试俄语专业试题--俄语语言学2009
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新祥旭南硕堂:南京大学法语语言文学专业2024年考研全科定制辅导计划

新祥旭南硕堂:南京大学法语语言文学专业2024年考研全科定制辅导计划

本文将由新祥旭考研简老师对2023年南京大学外国语学院法语语言文学专业考研进行解析。

主要有以下板块:南京大学外国语学院的介绍,招生人数,研究方向,考试科目,复试指导等几大方面。

一、院系介绍南京大学外国语学院肇始于1917年南京高等师范学校设立的英文专修科,历经南京高等师范学校英语系(1920)、国立东南大学外国语文系(1924)、第四中山大学外国文学系(1927)、国立中央大学外国文学系(1928)、国立中央大学外国语文系(1938),国立南京大学外国语文系(1949)、南京大学外国语言文学系(1955)等历史时期,1993年扩建为南京大学外国语学院。

在一个多世纪的办学历程中,历代外院人砥砺奋进,薪火传承,形成了严谨踏实、追求卓越的优良传统。

外国语学院秉承“以学科建设为龙头,队伍建设为核心、人才培养为根本”的理念,踏实进取、不懈创新,在办学各个领域始终保持良好的发展势头。

1981年英语语言文学和法语语言文学成为国务院首批博士学位授予单位;1995年英语语言文学成为江苏省重点学科,2002年被教育部批准为国家重点学科;2003年外国语言学及应用语言学获博士学位授予权,同年设立外国语言文学博士后流动站;2006年外国语言文学获一级学科博士学位授予权,设立俄语语言文学和德语语言文学博士点;2007年法语语言文学成为江苏省重点学科;2008年外国语言文学成为江苏省一级学科重点学科,2009年入选江苏省国家一级重点学科培育建设点,2010年入选江苏省优势学科;2011年设立东亚语言文学博士点;2017年外国语言文学入选教育部一流建设学科,2022年再次入选教育部一流建设学科,在全国第五轮学科评估中取得优异成绩。

二、专业介绍招生年份:2023年招生院系:外国语学院招生专业:法语语言文学拟招生人数:7研究方向:01(全日制)翻译学02(全日制)法语文学03(全日制)法语语言学04(全日制)中法比较文学与比较文化考试科目:①101思想政治理论②261二外英语或262二外俄语或263二外日语或264二外德语③678专业语言能力④967法语专业知识综合三、参考书目近年来全国法语专业统编教材;《普通语言学教程》索绪尔著,商务印书馆;《翻译论》许钧著,湖北教育出版社,2003年版;《当代法国翻译理论》许钧主编,湖北教育出版社,2004年版;任何法文编写的法国文学作品选读或法国文学史。

南大语言学纲要真题

南大语言学纲要真题

吴文亮整理【语言学纲要】【200 1——20 1 7]南京大学历年考研真题汇编 E5J【现代汉语、语言学概论部分(共计60分)】一判断题:(正确:J错误:X 每小题1分,共15分)1.“叹”和“嘆”是两个不同的谨塞,(X )语素的概念2.“碟子”是个复合词,(X )复合词的槪念;词缀算不算一个词3.成诸的意义都不等于各组成成分意义的相加。

(X )成语的概念4.“差不多、眼见得、巴不得”都是惯用语,()5.词组比词长,句子比词组长。

(X )6.“他叫我批评了一顿”的谓语是兼语式。

(X )等于“他被我批评了一顿。

”动词谓语7."'不'是副词。

”这个句子是副词做主语。

(X )'不,等于“不这个词”8.现代汉语中名词可以充当状语修饰动词。

(J )例:火热9.“窗户玻璃”和“玻璃窗户”的差别是由于语义上的语序不同造成的。

(X )语法结构10.音位是比音素大比音节小的语音单位。

(X )划分角度不同;划分范|1;|也不同11・音质单位又叫音段音位。

()12•英语属于日耳曼语族。

(X )印欧语系1 3 . “不”和“正”合为“歪”,这是“歪”的构词法。

(X)歪是单纯词,不、正会意成歪1 4.语法形态上的附加语素就是词缀。

()15・“人称'‘是动词的一种语法范畴。

()术语解释:(写岀左义即可。

每小题3分.共21分)语流音变社会习惯语孤立语向心结构、离心结构区别性特征词类借词简答题:(共24分)诸如路标一、图标笛等是不是文字?为什么?(5分)“他有一双手。

”这是不是一句废话?(4分)“很郊区” “很尖端”“很经典”“很原则”这类组合是否成立?请加以分析。

(5分)“汉语的句子构造原则同词组的构造原则基本上是一致的匚”谙加以评论。

(10分)【现代汉语、语言学概论部分(共计60分)】一判断题:(正确:V错误:X 每小题1分,共15分)1. 语言中音节的高低升降就是声调。

()2. “镭射”是个复合词。

2021南京大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研参考书真题经验

2021南京大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研参考书真题经验

南京大学——外国语言学及应用语言学考研是一个自我摸索和不断纠正的过程,对于没有经历过考研的我们一切都是靠自己慢慢探索的,不要指望别人会帮助你太多,但是考研经验里对经常会出现的问题的处理方法还是可以参考借鉴的!我整理了关于南京大学外国语言学及应用语言学复试考研的一些经验希望备考的学子以此借鉴!一、学校选择:谈到选学校的问题,我想提醒大家的就是一定要选择一个和你实力比较均衡的学校,这样才有比较有把握,报的太高了,可能会让你在复习过程中慢慢失去信心,报的太低了则可能会让你没有动力和冲劲。

二、专业选择:如果你选择了考研的话,那你就意味着还想为你将要报的专业卖命,而且有可能是一辈子,所以选择专业你一定要慎重,一定要选择你真正喜欢、感兴趣的专业,这样为你将来深造和研究有大的利处和发展空间,也对你事业发展有很大的影响。

所以我提醒准备考研的朋友一定要选择自己最喜欢的专业。

三、复习问题:我自己是从大三第二个学期开始复习的,在这个学期我就是背背单词,稍微先看看专业,政治没有必要看那么早,可以先看李凡政治新时器(看得早到时也忘的差不多),要考数学的朋友在这个学期也要慢慢把数学看看,最好这学期可以把书过一遍(如果底子好的同学也可以直接跟着复习全书看)真正要加大力度复习的时期就应该是大四上学期,其实我认为,只要你在大四上个学期抓紧复习,也是来得及的,也没有必要从大二就开始复习,有时候复习战线太长到最后可能会感到疲倦,效率可能不是很高,不过这个也因人而异。

下面我就各门课谈谈我的复习心得吧。

1、英语方面考研英语和四六级(课程)英语是不同的,所以没有过四六级的同学是完全要有信心去考研,因为考研不用考听力,这就和英语听力占大部分比重的四六级很不一样了,而且考研的英语考的是难度深度而不是速度,这和四六级也是不一样的,我们有三个钟的时间做英语。

另一方面四六级考的好的同学也不要掉以轻心。

考研英语分数中占百分之七十的是作文和阅读,所以复习时的重点是在这两部分。

南京大学外国哲学考研试题(2019-2019)共17页

南京大学外国哲学考研试题(2019-2019)共17页

南京大学外国哲学考研真题(2019——2019)2019年哲学综合一、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1、为什么说实践的观点是马克思主义哲学的首要的基本的观点?2、简述你对历史唯物主义的意识形态概念的理解。

3、我们说:“意识并不是自然界从来就有的,但它却在自然界有着自己深厚的基础和前提,这就是物质形态普遍的反映特性”。

请从物质形态普遍反映特性的角度简述人类意识的起源。

二、论述题(每题20分,共40分)1、恩格斯说:“每一时代的理论思维,我们时代的理论思维,都是一种历史的产物,在不同的时代具有非常不同的形态,并因而具有非常不同的内容。

”试从认识的历史演化的角度说明“三个代表”思想与马克思主义理论之间的继承与发展的关系。

2、试阐述马克思主义哲学与现代西方哲学之间的关系。

三、名词解释(任选三题,每题10分,共30分)1、回忆说(柏拉图)2、奥康剃刀(或奥卡姆剃刀)(中世纪哲学)3、温和怀疑论(休谟)4、公意(或总意志)(卢梭)四、论述题(任选两题,每题25分,共50分)1、亚里士多德如何论述美德伦理,他心目中恢宏大度的君子是什么样子的,这与其中庸之道有什么关系?这种美德伦理在今天具有怎样的现实意义?2、唯理论和经验论各自的思想特点是什么?英国经验主义与大陆理性主义平行发展,为什么不能相互完全替代?3、什么是康德的”哥白尼革命“?什么叫先天综合判断?此类判断对于自然科学有什么意义?科学能够证明”人为自然立法“的命题吗?2019年现代西方哲学一、名词解释(任选5题,每题12分,共60分)1、绵延(柏格森)2、试错法(波普尔)3、“经验主义的两个教条”(奎因)4、存在先于本质(萨特)5、解构(德里达)6、“自然之镜”(罗蒂)二、论述题(任选三题,每题30分,共90分)1、试论尼采的价值重估理论及其意义,西方社会传统的基督教伦理是否因此而崩溃?2、论述维特根斯坦后期的“语言游戏说”,它与前期的“图像说”有什么关系?这与其关于哲学的根本看法有何联系?3、库恩的科学革命理论的主要内容是什么?其历史主义科学哲学思想在当代科学哲学中处于怎样的地位?4、评述法兰克福学派的工具理性批判思想,这种批判是否真实地反映了当代西方社会的实质?请稍微详细的阐述你的理由?2019年哲学综合一、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1、马克思主义哲学创立的理论前提是什么?2、恩格斯说:“社会一旦有技术上的需要,则这种需要就会比十所大学更能把科学推向前进。

基础俄语考研全国名校外院2021考研真题分析

基础俄语考研全国名校外院2021考研真题分析

基础俄语考研全国名校外院2021考研真题分析第1章全国名校外国语学院基础俄语考研真题分析对于绝大多数报考俄语专业的考生而言,“基础俄语”是全国各院校俄语专业研究生入学考试必考的科目。

一般来说,报考俄语专业研究生的考试科目为:政治(分值100)、第二外语(分值100)、基础俄语(分值150)以及专业课(包括俄罗斯文学、俄语语言学、翻译理论及实践等)(分值150)。

需要说明的是,有的院校会将研究方向与考试科目紧密挂钩,即报考俄罗斯文学研究方向就只会考察很多文学方面的内容,报考语言学方向就侧重语言学的考察,有的院校试卷考察内容会同时涉及文学、语言学、翻译等内容(有的院校涉及两部分),分值为150分。

1.1 基础俄语考研真题分析“基础俄语”为全国各大院校自主命题,而非全国统考,没有统一的考试大纲,考生在备考“基础俄语”时往往目标不明确,定位不准确,所以对各大院校的基础俄语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。

分析各大院校的基础俄语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的俄语水平提供很好的参照,也使考生对“基础俄语”考试有一个全面的了解,更加清晰地了解出题者的思路,从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤,使复习具有针对性,使复习的效果更上一层楼。

1.考核要求对于“基础俄语”,全国各大院校自主命题,而且各院校的考核要求、水平也有差异,所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。

但国内大部分院校在命题时都会把教育部批准实施的《高等学校俄语专业高年级阶段教学大纲》作为指导标准,因此这个大纲仍能反映目前高等学校对俄语专业学生基本功的大体要求。

语法方面,要求掌握名词、形容词、代词的性、数和格变化及用法;动词体、时、态、式的意义及用法;形容词、副词比较级的构成及用法;形动词、副动词的构成及用法;数词的用法,常用前置词的意义和用法。

还要掌握主语、谓语及其表示法,主语与谓语间的形式关系,补语、定语、状语及其表示法,以及复合句的类型及复合句中连接词和关联词的用法等等。

南京大学硕士研究生法语考试卷

南京大学硕士研究生法语考试卷

南京大学2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题I .Choisissez la bonne reponse1. Est-ce que tu peux m’aider ã retrouver le chemin ______ nous sommes passés la semaine dernière ?A.sur lequelB.arriveriezC.par lequelD.auquel2. Dès que vous_____, vous me donnerez un coup de fil.A.êtes arrivéB.arriveriezC.arriverezD.serez arrivé3. La plupart du monde_____d’accord le ,qire de cette ville .A.esB.sontC.êtreD.est4. La plupart des étudiants_____ leurs devoirs ã l’heu re.A.ont terminéB.a terminéC.sont terminésD.ont terminés5. Tout est déjã pris, on n’a plus_____ billets d’entrée.A.desB.deC.duD.les6. Ces jeunes filles aux robes______ sont nos voisines.A.bleue cielB.bleues cielsC.bleu cielD.bleus ciels7. Bien qu’il _____ pauvre, il trouvait moyen d’apporter un souvenir ã chacun.A.soitB.estC.futD.fût8. Regarde ce _____ homme lã-bas, c’est notre ancien prof de philo ?A.vieuxB.vieilC.vieilleD.vieilles9. La cuisine de maman est _____ que celle de papa.A.meilleureB.plus bonneC.meilleurD.mieux10. C’est la femme écrivain _____ de la littérature contemporaine chinoise.A.le moins connuB.le plus connuC.peu connu plus connue11. Vous n’avez _____ revenir demain pour voir l’exposition.A.ãB.queC.que deD.qu’ã12. Ces jeunes gens vont______ Pay-Bas.A.auxB.auC.enD.ã13. ll y a _____ gros nuages blancs dans le ciel.A.desB.deC.duD.de la14. Marc travaille_______ que Jean.A.aussiB.autantC.beaucoupD.tant15. Les invitées _____, la maison est redevenue silencieuse.A.partisB.partiesC.partantD.partantes16. Il fait _____ sport tous les matins.A.deB.unC.leD.du17. Je n’irai pas, ã moins que tu _____ me cherrcher en voiture.A.viennesB.viensC.viendraisD.viendras18. Le livre que tu m’as rendu n’est pas ______ que je t’anais prêté.A.un telB.un certainC.le memeD.un autre19. Je ne trouve pas mon dictionnaire, tu peux me prêter ____.A.tienB.le tienC.tienne tienne20. Elle est _____ heureuse d’apprendre cette bonne nouvelle.A.toutesB.tousC.toutD.toute21. Les faits sont ______ que je les ai racontés.A.telB.telsC.telleD.telles22. Pense-t-il ã émigrer en Amérique ? Non, il_____pense pas.A.n’enB.ne yC.ne leD.n’y23. Donne-moi un stylo, le bleu ou le noir, n’importe_____.mentB.lequelC.quelD.quoi24. -Alors, Pierre va travailler en France, oui ou non ?-Je ne sais pas, il ne_____ a pas dit.A.me l’B.me leC.le luiD.m’en25. -Nous dînons ce soir au restaurant italien?-Oui, on_____ va ã18h.A.yB.enC.leD.l’y26. Ils se sont rencontrés______ train qui allait ã Berlin.A.dansB.enC.parD.dans un。

南京大学英语专业考研真题

南京大学英语专业考研真题

南京大学英语专业考研真题(2008-12-05 12:12:47)标签:杂谈南京大学英语专业考研真题Part A Vocabulary and Reading (50/150)Read the passage below and then complete the tasks that follow:Language and Cultural IdentityC. Kramschpara.1 It is widely believed that there is a natural connection between the language spoken by members of a social group and that group's identity. By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community. From this membership, they draw personal strength and pride, as well as a sense of social importance and historical continuity from using the same language as the group they belong to.para.2 But how to define which group one belongs to? In isolated, homogeneous communities like the Trobrianders studied by Malinowski, one may still define group membership according to common cultural practices and daily face-to-face interactions, but in modem, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members.para.3 Take ethnicity for example. In their 1982 survey conducted among the highly mixed population of Belize (formerly British Honduras), Le Page and Tabouret-Keller found out that different people ascribed themselves to different ethnicities as either 'Spanish', 'Creole', 'Maya' or 'Belizean', according to which ethnic criterion they focused on — physical features (hair and skin), general appearance, genetic descent, provenance, or nationality. Rarely was language used as an ethnically defining criterion. Interestingly, it was only under the threat of a Guatemalan takeover as soon as British rule would cease, that the sense of a Belizean national identity slowly started emerging from among the multiple ethnic ascriptions that people still give themselves to this day.para.4 Group identity based on race would seem easier to define, and yet there are almost as many genetic differences, say, between members of the same White, or Black race as there are between the classically described human races, not to speak of the difficulty in some cases of ascertaining with 100 percent exactitude a person's racial lineage. For example, in 1983 the South African Government changed the racial classification of 690 people: two-thirds of these, who had been Coloreds, became Whites, 71 who had been Blacks became Coloreds, and 11 Whites were redistributed among other racial groups! And, of course, there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of languagepara.5 Regional identity is equally contestable. As reported in the London Times of February 1984, when a Soviet book, Populations of the World, claimed that the population of France consisted of 'French, Alsatians, Flemings, Bretons, Basques, Catalans, Corsicans, Jews, Armenians, Gypsies and "others'", Georges Marchais, the French Communist leader, violently disagreed: 'For us', he said, 'every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history....'para.6 One would think that national identity is a clear-cut either/or affair (either you are or you are not a citizen), but it is one thing, for example, to have a Turkish passport, another thing to ascribe to yourself a Turkish national identity if you were born, raised and educated, say, in Germany, are native speaker of German, and happen to have Turkish parents.para.7 Despite the entrenched belief in the one language = one culture equation, individuals assume several collective identities that are likely not only to change over time in dialogue with others, but are liable to be in conflict with one another. For example, an immigrant's sense of self that was linked in his country of origin perhaps to his social class, his political views, or his economic status becomes, in the new country, overwhelmingly linked to his national citizenship or his religion, for this is the identity that is imposed on him by others, who see in him now, for example, only a Turk or a Muslim. His own sense of self, or cultural identity, changes accordingly. Out of nostalgia for the 'old country', he may tend to become more Turkish than the Turks and entertain what Benedict Anderson has called 'long distance nationalism'. The Turkish he speaks may become with the passion of years somewhat different from the Turkish spoken today in the streets of Ankara; the community he used to belong to is now more an 'imagined community' than the actual present-day Turkey.para. 8 The problem lies in equating the racial, ethnic, national identity imposed on an individual by the state's bureaucratic system, and that individual's self-ascription. Group identity is not a national fact, but a cultural perception, to use the metaphor with which we started this book. Our perception of someone's social identity is very much culturally determined. What we perceived about a person's culture and language is what we have been conditioned by our own culture to see, and the stereotypical models already built around our own. Group identity is a question of focusing and diffusion of ethnic, racial national concepts or stereotypes. Let us take an example,para. 9 Le Page and Tabouret-Keller recount the case of a man in Singapore who claimed that he would never have any difficulty in telling the difference between an Indian and a Chinese. But how would he instantly know that the dark-skinned non-Malay person he saw on the street was an Indian (and not, say a Pakistani), and that light-skinned non-European was a Chinese (and not, say, a Korean), unless he differentiated the two according to the official Singaporean 'ethnic' categories: Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others? In another context with different racial classifications he might have interpreted: differently the visual clues presented to him by people on the street. His impression was focused by the classificatory concepts prevalent in his society, a behavior that Benjamin Whorf would have predicted. In turn this focus may prompt him, by a phenomenon of diffusion, to identify all other 'Chinese' along the same ethnic categories, according to the stereotype 'All Chinese look alike to me'.para.10 It has to be noted that societies impose racial and ethnic categories only on certain groups: Whites do not generally identify themselves by the color of their skin, but by their provenance or nationality. They would find it ludicrous to draw their sense of cultural identity from their membership in the White race. Hence the rather startled reaction of two Danish women in the United States to a young African-American boy, who, overhearing their conversation in Danish, asked them 'What's your culture?' Seeing how perplexed they were, he explained with a smile 'See, I'm Black. That's my culture. What's yours?' Laughingly they answered that they spoke Danish and came from Denmark. Interestingly, the boy did not use language as a criterion of group identity, but the Danish did.para.11 European identities have traditionally been built much more around language and national citizenship, and around folk models of 'one nation = one language', than around ethnicity or race. But even in Europe, the matter is not so simple. For example, Alsatians who speak German, French and Germanic Piatt mayalternatively consider themselves as primarily Alsatians, or French, or German, depending on how they position themselves vis-à-vis the history of their region and their family biography. A youngster born and raised in France of Algerian parents may, even though he speaks only French, call himself Algerian in France, but when abroad he might prefer to be seen as French, depending on which group he wishes to be identified with at the time.para.12 Examples from other parts of the world show how complex thelanguage-cultural identity relationship really is. The Chinese, for example, identify themselves ethnically as Chinese even though they speak languages or dialects which are mutually unintelligible. Despite the fact that a large number of Chinese don't know how to read and write, it is the Chinese character-writing system and the art of calligraphy that are the major factors of an overall Chinese group identity.Task 1: For each of the following items, study the reading passage and choose A, B or C that best completes the statement (30/150):(1) In the sentence "By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community," the phrase "discourse community" means:A) communal group B) cultural group C) discourse group(2) When the author states: "[The modern, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members," he implies that an open society is:A) a society of many peopleB) a society of diverse discoursesC) a society of multi-ethnic structure(3) "[T]he sense of a Belizean national identity" means a sense ofA) language B) belonging C) history(4) When the author declares that "there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of language," he thinks that the relationship between a language and a culture isA) complex B) fixed C) uncertain(5) Georges Marchais said, "every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history...." He probably regarded "'French" asA) a historical symbol of a stateB) a primary token of a national identityC) a product of a long historyTask 2: The following are definitions of the words contained in the above reading passage. Find these words in the paragraphs as marked in the parentheses (20/150):略海天海天教育海天考研Part B Proofreading (30/150)EXAMPLEWhen ∧ museum wants a new exhibit, (1) __a__it never buys things in finished form and hangs them (2) _neveron the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitPart C Translation (40/150)Translate the following passage into Chinese: (20/150)Folktales played a very important role in the social and cultural life of the Plains Indians. Farmers and nomadic hunters alike enjoyed gathering around the fire, especially on wintry nights, to hear the tales of the storyteller. The talents of a good storyteller and the novelty of the tale had the power to figuratively transport hard working Indians to another world.Even today, American Indians believe in the enormous power of the spoken word. As in the past, the imaginative storyteller, typically an old man or an old woman, builds up a reputation as a performer. They enhance their stories by adding gestures, voice changes and songs. He or she might occasionally adapt a particular tale to suit a specific cultural group or tribe. For example, there are usually many different versions of every good tale. Therefore, whenever a story is retold it is likely to be varied, but only within the limits of the tradition established for that particular tale. The storyteller is always mindful of his own, as well as the cultural background of the listener.Translate the following passage into English: (20/150)略Part D Writing (30/150)The following is excerpted from a letter that appeared in the Letter-to-the-Editor column of China Daily: (30/150)Editor:I just graduated from university with a BA in English, but looking back at my university education, I have to say that I have wasted four years of my life. When I entered the university four years ago, I had the highest English score in the city where I grew up. However, on a job interview a few days ago, the personnel manager of a joint venture company said my English was not good enough.It is my university that is to blame. I have never found my classes helpful; they often repeat what I learned in high school. What's more, the teachers often mispronounce words and use ungrammatical sentences or simply use Chinese throughout the class. Some of them often arrive in class unprepared. They have no interest in us or in teaching; they are probably only interested in making money and publishing their papers.In comparison, my high school teachers were committed They had been well trained and were very strict with us. They gave me more help than those university professors. Even today, if I write an English essay, most of the words and sentence patterns I use would be those I learned during my high school years.All in all, I do not think our government should fund a university undergraduate English program if most of the students are not satisfied. If it is a waste of time for us, it must be a waste of resources for our country.Zhu Fan, Nanjing海天海天教育海天考研This controversial letter has generated a lot of discussion in China Daily, and you would like to join the discussion, too. Complete the following tasks on your answer sheets:(1) (4 / 150) Suppose you are going to write a letter for the Letter-to-the-Editor column of China Daily to express your agreement or disagreement with Zhu Fan, and the letter is about 400 words long. In the introductory paragraph (the first paragraph), you will begin with a sentence that introduces the topic. Write down the sentence that begins this paragraph.(2) (5 /150) Write down the last sentence of the introductory paragraph, that is, the thesis statement that expresses your main idea.(3) (4 x 2/ 150) Suppose you have two body paragraphs that support the thesis statement. Write down the topic sentence for each of them. You may begin it with "First,..." or "Second,...."(4) (4 x 2/150) For each topic sentence you write in (3), give one concrete example that illustrates the point you make in the topic sentence. Each example should not exceed two sentences. (There will be a penalty for using more than two sentences for an example.)(5 / 150) Based on what you write down in (2), (3) and (4), write a conclusion paragraph that contains two or three sentences. (There will be a penalty for using more than three sentences.)Part A Vocabulary and Reading (50/150)Read the passage below and then complete the tasks that follow:Language and Cultural IdentityC. Kramschpara.1It is widely believed that there is a natural connection between the language spoken by members of a social group and that group's identity. By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community. From this membership, they draw personal strength and pride, as well as a sense of social importance and historical continuity from using the same language as the group they belong to.para.2 But how to define which group one belongs to? In isolated, homogeneous communities like the Trobrianders studied by Malinowski, one may still define group membership according to common cultural practices and daily face-to-face interactions, but in modem, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members.para.3 Take ethnicity for example. In their 1982 survey conducted among the highly mixed population of Belize (formerly British Honduras), Le Page and Tabouret-Keller found out that different people ascribed themselves to different ethnicities as either 'Spanish', 'Creole', 'Maya' or 'Belizean', according to which ethnic criterion they focused on — physical features (hair and skin), general appearance, genetic descent, provenance, or nationality. Rarely was language used as an ethnically defining criterion. Interestingly, it was only under the threat of a Guatemalan takeover as soon as British rule would cease, that the sense of a Belizean national identity slowly started emerging from among the multiple ethnic ascriptions that people still give themselves to this day.para.4 Group identity based on race would seem easier to define, and yet there are almost as many genetic differences, say, between members of the same White, or Black race as there are between the classically described human races, not to speak of the difficulty in some cases of ascertaining with 100 percent exactitude a person's racial lineage. For example, in 1983 the South African Government changed the racial classification of 690 people: two-thirds of these, who had been Coloreds, became Whites, 71 who had been Blacks became Coloreds, and 11 Whites were redistributed among otherracial groups! And, of course, there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of languagepara.5Regional identity is equally contestable. As reported in the London Times of February 1984, when a Soviet book, Populations of the World, claimed that the population of France consisted of 'French, Alsatians, Flemings, Bretons, Basques, Catalans, Corsicans, Jews, Armenians, Gypsies and "others'", Georges Marchais, the French Communist leader, violently disagreed: 'For us', he said, 'every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history....'para.6 One would think that national identity is a clear-cut either/or affair (either you are or you are not a citizen), but it is one thing, for example, to have a Turkish passport, another thing to ascribe to yourself a Turkish national identity if you were born, raised and educated, say, in Germany, are native speaker of German, and happen to have Turkish parents.para.7 Despite the entrenched belief in the one language = one culture equation, individuals assume several collective identities that are likely not only to change over time in dialogue with others, but are liable to be in conflict with one another. For example, an immigrant's sense of self that was linked in his country of origin perhaps to his social class, his political views, or his economic status becomes, in the new country, overwhelmingly linked to his national citizenship or his religion, for this is the identity that is imposed on him by others, who see in him now, for example, only a Turk or a Muslim. His own sense of self, or cultural identity, changes accordingly. Out of nostalgia for the 'old country', he may tend to become more Turkish than the Turks and entertain what Benedict Anderson has called 'long distance nationalism'. The Turkish he speaks may become with the passion of years somewhat different from the Turkish spoken today in the streets of Ankara; the community he used to belong to is now more an 'imagined community' than the actual present-day Turkey.para. 8 The problem lies in equating the racial, ethnic, national identity imposed on an individual by the state's bureaucratic system, and that individual'sself-ascription. Group identity is not a national fact, but a cultural perception, to use the metaphor with which we started this book. Our perception of someone's social identity is very much culturally determined. What we perceived about a person's culture and language is what we have been conditioned by our own culture to see, and the stereotypical models already built around our own. Group identity is a question of focusing and diffusion of ethnic, racial national concepts or stereotypes. Let us take an example,para. 9 Le Page and Tabouret-Keller recount the case of a man in Singapore who claimed that he would never have any difficulty in telling the difference between an Indian and a Chinese. But how would he instantly know that the dark-skinned non-Malay person he saw on the street was an Indian (and not, say a Pakistani), and that light-skinnednon-European was a Chinese (and not, say, a Korean), unless he differentiated the two according to the official Singaporean 'ethnic' categories: Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others? In another context with different racial classifications he might have interpreted: differently the visual clues presented to him by people on the street. His impression was focused by the classificatory concepts prevalent in his society, a behavior that Benjamin Whorf would have predicted. In turn this focus may prompt him, by a phenomenon of diffusion, to identify all other 'Chinese' along the same ethnic categories, according to the stereotype 'All Chinese look alike to me'.para.10 It has to be noted that societies impose racial and ethnic categories only on certain groups: Whites do not generally identify themselves by the color of their skin, but by their provenance or nationality. They would find it ludicrous to draw their sense of cultural identity from their membership in the White race. Hence the rather startled reaction of two Danish women in the United States to a young African-American boy, who, overhearing their conversation in Danish, asked them 'What's your culture?' Seeing how perplexed they were, he explained with a smile 'See, I'm Black. That's my culture. What's yours?' Laughingly they answered that they spoke Danish and came from Denmark. Interestingly, the boy did not use language as a criterion of group identity, but the Danish did.para.11 European identities have traditionally been built much more around language and national citizenship, and around folk models of 'one nation = one language', than around ethnicity or race. But even in Europe, the matter is not so simple. For example, Alsatians who speak German, French and Germanic Piatt may alternatively consider themselves as primarily Alsatians, or French, or German, depending on how they position themselves vis-à-vis the history of their region and their family biography. A youngster born and raised in France of Algerian parents may, even though he speaks only French, call himself Algerian in France, but when abroad he might prefer to be seen as French, depending on which group he wishes to be identified with at the time.para.12 Examples from other parts of the world show how complex the language-cultural identity relationship really is. The Chinese, for example, identify themselves ethnically as Chinese even though they speak languages or dialects which are mutually unintelligible. Despite the fact that a large number of Chinese don't know how to read and write, it is the Chinese character-writing system and the art of calligraphy that are the major factors of an overall Chinese group identity.Task 1: For each of the following items, study the reading passage and choose A, B or C that best completes the statement (30/150):(1)In the sentence "By their accent, their vocabulary, their discourse patterns, speakers identify themselves and are identified as members of this or that speech and discourse community," the phrase "discourse community" means:A) communal group B) cultural group C) discourse group(2)When the author states: "[The modern, historically complex, open societies it is much more difficult to define the boundaries of any particular social group and the linguistic and cultural identities of its members," he implies that an open society is:A)a society of many peopleB)a society of diverse discoursesC)a society of multi-ethnic structure(3)"[T]he sense of a Belizean national identity" means a sense ofA) languageB) belongingC) history(4)When the author declares that "there is no necessary correlation between a given racial characteristic and the use of a given language or variety of language," he thinks that the relationship between a language and a culture isA) complexB) fixedC) uncertain(5)Georges Marchais said, "every man and woman of French nationality is French. France is not a multinational state: it is one nation, the product of a long history...." He probably regarded "'French" asA)a historical symbol of a stateB)a primary token of a national identityC)a product of a long historyTask 2: The following are definitions of the words contained in the above reading passage. Find these words in the paragraphs as marked in the parentheses (20/150):略Part B Proofreading (30/150)EXAMPLEWhen ∧ museum wants a new exhibit,(1) __a__it never buys things in finished form and hangs them (2) _neveron the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it.(3) exhibit.pb{}.pb textarea{font-size:14px; margin:10px; font-family:"宋体";background:#FFFFEE; color:#000066}.pb_t{line-height:30px; font-size:14px; color:#000; text-align:center;}/*分页*/.pagebox{overflow:hidden; zoom:1; font-size:12px;font-family:"宋体",sans-serif;}.pagebox span{float:left; margin-right:2px; overflow:hidden; text-align:center; background:#fff;}.pagebox span a{display:block; overflow:hidden; zoom:1; _float:left;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre_nolink{border:1px#ddd solid; width:53px; height:21px; line-height:21px; text-align:center; color:#999; cursor:default;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre{color:#3568b9; height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a,.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a:visited,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a:visited{border:1px #9aafe5 solid; color:#3568b9;text-decoration:none; text-align:center; width:53px; cursor:pointer; height:21px; line-height:21px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_pre a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_prea:active,.pagebox span.pagebox_next a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_nexta:active{color:#363636; border:1px #2e6ab1 solid;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num_nonce{padding:0 8px; height:23px; line-height:23px; color:#fff; cursor:default; background:#296cb3; font-weight:bold;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num{color:#3568b9; height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_num a,.pagebox span.pagebox_num a:visited{border:1px #9aafe5 solid; color:#3568b9;text-decoration:none; padding:0 8px; cursor:pointer; height:21px;line-height:21px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_num a:hover,.pagebox span.pagebox_numa:active{border:1px #2e6ab1 solid;color:#363636;}.pageboxspan.pagebox_num_ellipsis{color:#393733; width:22px; background:none;line-height:23px;}.pagebox span.pagebox_next_nolink{border:1px #ddd solid; width:53px; height:21px; line-height:21px; text-align:center; color:#999; cursor:default;}Part C Translation (40/150)Translate the following passage into Chinese: (20/150)Folktales played a very important role in the social and cultural life of the Plains Indians. Farmers and nomadic hunters alike enjoyed gathering around the fire, especially on wintry nights, to hear the tales of the storyteller. The talents of a good storyteller and the novelty of the tale had the power to figuratively transport hard working Indians to another world.Even today, American Indians believe in the enormous power of the spoken word. As in the past, the imaginative storyteller, typically an old man or an old woman, builds up a reputation as a performer. They enhance their stories by adding gestures, voice changes and songs. He or she might occasionally adapt a particular tale to suit a specific cultural group or tribe. For example, there are usually many different versions of every good tale. Therefore, whenever a story is retold it is likely to be varied, but only within the limits of the tradition established for that particular tale. The storyteller is always mindful of his own, as well as the cultural background of the listener.Translate the following passage into English: (20/150)略。

南京大学外国语学院《963英语语言学》历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

南京大学外国语学院《963英语语言学》历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目 录2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题(回忆版)2013年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题(回忆版)2012年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题(回忆版)2009年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2008年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2007年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2003年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2002年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2001年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2000年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题(回忆版)第一题,术语区分题。

四组术语,24分。

1.phoneme vs. allophone2.homonymy vs. homophony3.illocutionary act vs. perlocutionary actnguage switch vs. L1 transfer第二题,选择题,考察的都是基础知识,10小题,共30分。

第三题,分析题。

给出几个句子,要求先填写名词前的冠词或复数后缀-s;然后总结出使用冠词或复数后缀-s的一般模式(common pattern)。

第四题,分析题,考察的知识点是歧义(ambiguity)。

给出两句话,要求先回答这两句话有无歧义,并写出每句话的不同理解,再分析这两句话产生歧义的原因是否相同。

1.The children play near the bank.2. The professor said on Monday that he would give an exam.显然,第一句话中的bank涉及lexical ambiguity, 而第二句话中的on Monday既可修饰said,又可修饰would give an exam,属于grammatical/structural ambiguity。

第五题,分析题,考察隐喻。

历年南京大学考研真题试卷与答案汇总-南京大学考研真题答案-南大考研真题试卷-南大考研真题哪里找?

历年南京大学考研真题试卷与答案汇总-南京大学考研真题答案-南大考研真题试卷-南大考研真题哪里找?

历年南京大学考研真题试卷与答案汇总-南大考研真题哪里找?金陵南大考研网(南京大学考研在线咨询入口)汇集了南京大学各专业历年考研真题试卷(原版),同时与南京大学专业课成绩前三名的各专业硕士研究生合作编写了配套的真题答案解析,答案部分包括了(解题思路、答案详解)两方面内容。

首先对每一道真题的解答思路进行引导,分析真题的结构、考察方向、考察目的,向考生传授解答过程中宏观的思维方式;其次对真题的答案进行详细解答,方便考生检查自身的掌握情况及不足之处,并借此巩固记忆加深理解,培养应试技巧与解题能力。

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2019南大434国际商务专业基础考研复习全析(含真题与答案)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南京大学431金融学综合考研复习全析(含真题与答案,共五册)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南大911马克思主义哲学史考研复习全析(含历年真题)[金陵南大考研网] 2018南京大学635哲学综合A考研复习全析(含历年真题)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南大445汉语国际教育基础考研复习全析(含真题答案,共三册)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南大354汉语基础考研复习全析(含真题答案,共三册)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南大497法硕联考综合(法学)考研复习全析(含真题答案,共四册)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南大397法硕联考基础(法学)考研复习全析(含真题答案,共三册)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南大498法硕联考综合(非法学)考研复习全析(含真题答案,共四册)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南大398法硕联考基础(非法学)考研复习全析(含真题答案,共三册)[金陵南大考研网] 南京大学263日语考研真题与答案(2001-2010年)[金陵南大考研网] 南京大学431金融学综合考研真题与答案(2002-2017年)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南京大学新闻与传播硕士考研复习全析【含真题答案,共七册】[金陵南大考研网] 2019年南京大学社会保障考研全套资料[金陵南大考研网] 南京大学934社会学方法考研真题试卷(2000-2014,2017年)[金陵南大考研网] 南京大学802普通物理一考研真题试卷(1998-2015年)[金陵南大考研网] 南京大学628量子力学考研真题试卷(1998-2014年)[金陵南大考研网] 2018南京大学考研646国际关系史基础考试解读与真题答案[金陵南大考研网] 2019南京大学考研647世界史基础考试解读与真题答案详解[金陵南大考研网] 南京大学988图书馆学考研真题试卷(2000、2003-2007年)[金陵南大考研网] 南京大学化学专业考研真题试卷(1994-2006年,不含00、03年))[金陵南大考研网] 2019南京大学考研643中国古代史基础考试解读与真题答案详解(共两册)[金陵南大考研网] 2019南京大学考研645中国近现代基础考试解读与真题答案详解[金陵南大考研网] 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2022俄语考研真题答案

2022俄语考研真题答案

2022俄语考研真题答案第一部分:听力理解(40分)听力理解部分共有四篇短对话和一篇短文,每段对话或短文后有几个问题。

根据听到的内容选择正确答案。

1. A. Она будет делать презентацию.B. Она перенесла презентацию на завтра.C. Она пропустила презентацию.D. Она помогла провести презентацию.2. A. В кафе.B. У Веры.C. Наулице.D. В саду.3. A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 74. A. 400 рублей.B. 500 рублей.C. 600 рублей.D. 700 рублей.5. A. 9 мая.B. 8 марта.C. 1 мая.D. 12 июня.第二部分:阅读理解(40分)阅读理解部分包括三篇短文,每篇短文后有几个问题。

根据短文内容选择正确答案。

第一篇6. A. В театре.B. В музее.C. В кафе.D. В парке.7. A. Он художник.B. Он писатель.C. Он режиссер.D. Он поэт.8. A. Одна ночь.B. Две недели.C. Четыре месяца.D. Полгода.9. A. Вестерн.B. Комедия.C. Детектив.D. Исторический фильм.10. A. Работа над новым проектом.B. Отпуск на море.C. Посещение семьи.D. Участие в конференции.第二篇11. A. В море.B. В лесу.C. В горах.D. В поле.12. A. Рыбалка.B. Охота.C. Пикник.D. Прогулка.13. A. Восемь часов.B. Шесть часов.C. Четыре часа.D. Десять часов.14. A. Собаку.B. Кота.C. Лошадь.D. Рыбу.15. A. Инстаграм.B. Телеграм.C. Интернет-форум.D. Пастбище для животных.第三篇16. A. Прохладный климат.B. Фруктовые сады.C. Обилие солнца.D. Медовое производство.17. A. Столица.B. Горная цепь.C. Государственный музей.D. Историческое сооружение.18. A. Река.B. Озеро.C. Море.D. Болото.19. A. Прогулка на горных лыжах.B. Посещение зоопарка.C. Рыбалка.D. Обзорная экскурсия.20. A. В сентябре.B. В октябре.C. В ноябре.D. В декабре.第三部分:语法与词汇(20分)从给出的选项中选择最佳答案。

2016-2017南京大学外国语学院考研专业目录考试科目参考书复试线报录比真题及经验-新祥旭考研辅导

2016-2017南京大学外国语学院考研专业目录考试科目参考书复试线报录比真题及经验-新祥旭考研辅导

日语 或 264 德语③655 基础法语④967 法语语言文
全国法

语专业
统编教
复试科目:0903 中法文综合能力;0911 口试
材。
《普通
语言学
本专业为江 苏省重点学 科。初试合 格、参加复 试者,按 (3)(4) 两门课的总
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著,商 门 法 语 语 言
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西班牙 2
语语言
文学
01 西班
牙、拉
丁美洲
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①101 思想政治理论②261 英语 或 262 俄语 或 263 《现代
日语 或 264 德语 或 265 法语③659 基础西班牙语
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④991 西班牙、拉丁美洲文学
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复试科目:0906 中西文综合能力;0911 口试
①101 思想政治理论②261 英语 或 262 俄语 或 264 近年出
德语 或 265 法语③657 基础日语④971 日语专业知
版的全
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初试合格、 参加复试 者,按(3) (4)两门课 的总分排 名。不接受 单独考试。
目。不接受 单独考试。
史》 (俄文 版)任 光宣等 编,北 京大学 出版 社; 《俄罗 斯文学 选集》 (俄文 版)张 建华等 编,外 语教学 与研究 出版 社。
050203 法语语 6 言文学 01 翻译 理论与 实践 02 法国 文学 03 法语 语言学

01-17南大外国文学研真题

01-17南大外国文学研真题

南京大学历年考研真题汇编吴文亮整理【外国文学】【2001——2017】南京大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(三小时)【比较文学与世界文学】一、名词解释(20分)1、“潘多拉的盒子”2、骑士文学3、古典主义4、心理分析小说二、简要谈谈你本人对下列作品最深的一点体会(20分)1、《十日谈》2、《呼啸山庄》3、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》4、《万尼亚舅舅》三、以下四题任选三题,每题20分,共60分。

不许多做。

1普希金被尊为“现代文学之父”,请在“奠基”、“开创”的意义上谈谈他对俄国文学的贡献。

2莫泊桑、契坷夫均为短篇小说大师,试分析二人创作上的不同特点,简述二人对西方短篇小说艺术发展的贡献。

3在西方文学史上,“乌托邦”文学形成一个传统,请列举可归入该传统的重要作品(包括“反面乌托邦”作品),简要描述此类作品的特征。

4西方文学对中国现当代文学有巨大的影响,请选择一位你认为对中国作家的写作影响深远的西方作家,就其“影响”做一简要描述。

【语言文学基础】一、填空题(每空1分,共30分)14 荷马史诗包括《伊利昂纪》和《》两部作品。

15 文艺复兴时期法国新文学的代表是小说家()。

16 德国作家()因创作《布登勃洛克一家》而获得1929年诺贝尔文学奖。

17 意识流小说《喧哗与骚动》的作者是美国作家()。

二、选择题(每小题2分,共28分)7 狄蒙娜是莎士比亚《》中的女主人公。

A哈姆雷特B奥赛罗C李尔王D麦克白8 俄国作家()常被视为西方现代派文学的先驱之一。

A屠格涅夫B托尔斯泰C陀思妥耶夫斯基D契诃夫三、名词解释(每小题3分,共42分)- 0 -7 书信体小说 8 流浪汉小说南京大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(三小时)【比较文学与世界文学】一、名词解释(20分)1、特洛伊木马2、模仿说3、十四行诗4、“拜伦式的英雄”二、简要谈谈你对下列作品最深的一点体会。

(20分)1、《神曲》2、《忏悔录》3、《安娜·卡列尼娜》4、《局外人》三、以下四题任选三题,每题20分,共60分。

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