8.Unit Four (PartIV)正反

4.
Affirmative 本书的写作和出版曾得到十多位友人的各 种帮助，谨此一并表示感谢。 Negative 如果没有十多位友人的各种帮助，就不会 有此书的创作与出版，谨此一并表示感谢。
Affirmative in English, but negative in Chinese.
1. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. (prep.) 他无权签定这种合同。 I’m at my wit’s end to keep this child quiet. (phrase) 我实在是没办法让这孩子安静下来。 If it worked once, it can work twice. (sentence) 一次得手，再次不愁。
7. He is not a majestic personal figure like Roosevelt, and he doesn’t inspire fear like Johnson. 8. The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 9. I cannot state too strongly my appreciation of the part you played in the negotiation in order to bring about the desired result. 10. One can scarcely pay too high a price for liberty.
1.我 不懂音乐。 2。那么，能源将再也不会是战争的一个祸根了。 3。我认为它极不完美。 4。他是我最不愿见到的人。 5。他妈妈一点儿也没生气。 6。每当我走过那所学校，都会想起我的启蒙老 师。 7。我对你的说法不能不提出疑问。 8。你不该做那种事。
Exercises—否定陷阱
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It is also important for this consultation not to be discredited in advance because it would be unable to reflect the aspirations of the people. It has long since been satisfactorily established that a high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position. (That would be putting the cart before the horse. Quite the reverse is true. His skill in words was a tremendous help in getting him his job.) The ambassador did not leave London to take up an appointment in Africa.
Same English words, with either affirmative or negative
7 他并不像罗斯福那样是一个代表威严的 人物，他也不像约翰逊那样叫人望而生畏。 8 食品供应的增加将肯定跟不上人口的增 长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销 方面正陷入危机。 9 为了达到预想的结果，你在谈判中起了 很大的作用，对于这一点我怎么感谢也不 会过分。 10 人们为自由付出的代价再高也不过分。
Unit Four (Part Five) Affirmative vs. Negative
Ⅰ. Introduction.
1.self-service bookstore 2.uncover the secret of the universe 3.If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed. 4 . This book could not have been written or published without the help of dozens of people, and I’m deeply grateful to all.
1.All music is alike to me. 2.Then, the source of energy will cease to be a reason for war. 3.I am far from considering it perfect. 4.He is the last man I want to see. 5.His mother is anything but angry. 6.I never go past that school but think of my first teacher. 7. I cannot let your statement pass unquestioned. 8. You ought to know better to do that sort of thing.
1 同样重要的是，不应因为这种协商也许 不能反映人民的愿望就事先对它表示怀疑。 2 很久以前就有人令人信服地指出，高级 管理人员之所以有很大的词汇量，并不仅 仅是因为其所处地位而取得的机会多。 3 大使没离开伦敦到非洲去就职。 大使不是为了到非洲去就职而离开伦敦 的。
4. Scientific discoveries and inventions do not always influence the language in proportion to their importance. 5. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. 6. The maker of each is careful to observe the laws of his own perspective, and however great a strain they may put upon us they will never confuse us, as lesser writers so frequently do, by introducing two different kinds of reality into the same book.
He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother. （）他并不是很鲜明地想到了他的爸爸和妈妈。 （）他模模糊糊地想到了他的爸爸和妈妈。 No one knows where the shoes pinches like the wearer. （）没有一个人会像穿鞋者那样知道鞋子挤脚。 （）哪儿挤脚，穿鞋人最清楚。
Ⅲ.Negation in English – Chinese Translation.
Affirmative in English, but negative in Chinese. Negative in English but Affirmative in Chinese. Same English words, with either affirmative or negative equivalents in Chinese. Double negative for emphasis. Roundabout Affirmative Some traps in Negative structures
uncover the secret of the universe
negative form 侧重对原始状态的否定。 Affirmative form 揭开宇宙之谜，对发展 状况的肯定。
3.
affirmative 如果证件由本人递交，只有校方的信封保 持密封，才可被认定是正式的。 negative 如果证件由本人递交，则本人不得擅自启 封，否则会认定证件无效。
4 科学上的发现与发明对语言的影响并不 总是与它们的重要性成正比的。 5 与许多人的看法相反，蜘蛛并不是昆虫， 它们甚至和昆虫一点关系也没有。 6 每一个世界的创造者都小心翼翼地遵循 自己观察事物的法则，不管他们的作品让 我们读起来如何费力，却不会像二流的作 家那样，把格格不入的两种现实塞入同一 本书中，使人感到不知所云。
Negative in English but Affirmative in Chinese.
The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation. (v.) 虽然他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。 He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. (n.) 他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。
11 上海几乎每年都要失去其在一个领域或 一种产品上的传统优势。 12 你不要期望广告里讲的都是真话，就 如求职的人不会介绍自己的缺点一样。 13 关于我们的对外政策，维持和其他国家 的友好关系，既是我们的义务，也同样是 我们的利益。
self-service bookstore
affirmative 自选书摊，强调主动行为过程。 negative 无人售书书摊，强调对客观现 状的描写。
11. Hardly a year now passes withoutwk.baidu.comShanghai
losing its traditional dominance in another field or product. 12. You won’t expect to find the whole truth in advertisements any more than you expect a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings. 13. As regards our foreign policy, it is no less our interest than our duty to maintain the most friendly relations with other countries.
Ⅱ.Negative in English (English negative particles)
1. Full negatives: no, not, none, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor. 2. Semi negatives: hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little. 3.Partial negatives: not every/all/both/always /much /many. 4. Words with negative implication: fail, without, beyond, until, unless, lest, absence, other than, except, rather than.