淮阴工学院ppt模板
淮阴工学院
党总支发布的决定、办法、通报及通知等文件
10
党总支向院党委的报告（包括调查报告）、请示及批复
11
党总支负责同志在系内的重要讲话稿和参加上级会议的发言稿
12
党群及*学生工作简报
13
成果材料（名项实物成果、影像图片资料）
DQ12纪检、监察工作
序号
类目名称
1
党风廉政建设规章制度
2
党风廉政建设责任制及网络
10
各种社团组成人员名册
11
各种社团组织的重大活动的有关材料
12
表彰和奖励先进团支部、优秀团员的材料及其他奖惩材料
DQ18 *学生工作
序号
类目名称
1
学生管理规章制度
2
系学生工作计划、总结、学生工作领导小组会议记录
3
辅导员、班主任工作计划、总结，辅导员、班主任会议记录
4
辅导员、班主任培训考核、奖惩材料
淮阴工学院
党总支（直属党支部）档案资料分类目录
DQ11党务综合
序号
类目名称
1
组织机构(①总支、行政机构设置、人员任职文件；②总支委员、系领导班子、支部委员名册；③党员名册、教职工名册；④系科介绍。)
2
党总支换届选举的材料、总支委员名单及分工。
3
院党委及职能部门下发的文件、工作材料。
4
岗位职责及各种规章制度（党政联席会议、中心组学习、联系支部、班级、廉政建设、经费管理等）
5
系领导、辅导员值班记录薄，值班安排表
6
系学生干部队伍建设材料、班级学生干部名册
7
各班级学生名册、学生按宿舍分布名单、电话号码
8
考研辅导、帮助、激励、考取情况材料
淮海工学院校动态毕业设计答辩PPT模板
关建技术 案例对比分析
实践难点
Part 3 3.1 关键技术
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Part 2 2.2 研究思路
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Part 1 1.5 主要贡献与创新
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PART TWO
研究思路与方法
理论基础 研究思路
采用某某方案 可行性说明
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七章市场监管ppt课件
第一节 证券市场的风险与防范 第二节 证券市场监管
教学要求：
第 七 章 市 场 监 管
理解证券市场上存在的风险及防范内容；掌 握掌握证券市场监管要素，证券市场监管体 制；了解证券市场监管国内外现状及发展趋 势。
教学内容：
1、证券市场的风险与防范 2、证券市场监管
第一节 证券市场风险与防范
历史回顾：全球股灾大放送
1997年10月亚洲金融风暴袭击香港
1997年10月，香港庆祝回归的喜庆气氛尚 未消散，亚洲金融风暴便黑云压城。以美国对 冲基金为首的国际金融“大鳄”袭击香港，恒 生指数4天之间就从16000多点狂泻至6000点， 股市濒临“崩盘”！金融、地产、贸易、旅游 四大支柱产业悉数“挂彩”！整体经济甚至出 现了多年未有的负增长！
市场监管 淮阴工学院
三、证券监管的内容
证券监管的对象是证券市场。证券市场参与 者在市场上的一切行为和活动以及由这些行 为和活动所产生的各种关系和后果，都是证 券监管的内容。P307
市场监管
淮阴工学院
四、证券监管的手段
选择监管手段和工具时，要考虑一 般市场监管所必须考虑的监管成本和效果 问题，还要考虑到证券监管的特殊要求和 不同证券市场的监管条件和监管环境。政 府可以采取法律、经济、行政等三方面的 手段，并辅之以自律管理。
系统性风险
非系统性风险
证券市场参与者面临的风险 市场监管 淮阴工学院
二、管理层应实施的风险防范
1、建立科学的股票市场发展机制 2、规范上市公司行为，调整上市 公司股权结构
市场监管
淮阴工学院
第二节 市场监管
一、证券监管的含义 二、证券监管的必要性、目标和原则 三、证券监管的内容 四、证券监管的手段 五、证券监管体制 六、我国证券监管
3D大赛作品集(课堂PPT)
1-10
健身型短途代步车 常州工程职业技术学院
总决赛二等奖
1-11
新型多功能军用机器人 安徽工程大学 总决赛二等奖
1-12
Fatal Attraction(致命诱惑) 太原理工大学 总决赛二等奖
1-13
交互式代步车 义乌工商职业技术学院
总决赛二等奖
1-14
混合动力水面垃圾清理船-环保之星 山东科技大学 总决赛二等奖
3D大赛作品集
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
多功能绘图桌椅 参赛院校：
华东交通大学 获得奖项：
总决赛一等奖
1-7
轮履两用地形自适应探测机器人 参赛院校： 武汉科技大学 总决赛二等奖
1-8
旋转式果树采摘车 参赛院校： 重庆工商大学 总决赛二等奖
1-9
一种家用自动豆腐机 参赛院校：
1-15
异形猎豹 淮阴工学院 总决赛二等奖
1-16
集装箱正面吊 上海工程技术大学
总决赛特等奖
1-17
FTO老年服务系统设计 上海电机学院 总决赛三等奖
1-19
谢 谢！
1-20
淮阴师范学院本科毕业论文答辩ppt模板动态可编辑模板
导师：姓名填写论文题目副标题：淮阴师范学院XX 学位论文答辩材料答辩人：淮阴师范学院XXX每张幻灯片均为独立单元可进行编辑修改背景校园图片可轻松改成贵校的标志风景绪论界定与表征合理交通结构影响因素辨识干预对策主要内容1绪论2研究方法与思路3关键技术与实践难点4研究成果与应用5论文总结目录Contents绪论界定与表征合理交通结构影响因素辨识干预对策主要内容请您在此编辑淮阴师范学院论文内容，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。
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l淮阴工学院-淮阴工学院
淮阴工学院毕 业 论 文作者: 李娟学号：10319216系(院): 外语系专业: 英语T i t l e: Cultural Differences of Color Wordsin Chinese and English题目: 颜色词在英汉两种语言中的文化差异指导者：讲师 左广明(姓名) (专业技术职务)评阅者：吴延平副教授(姓名) (专业技术职务)2007 年 6 月语言和文化之间有着千丝万缕的联系。
语言既是文化的一部分，又是文化的一面镜子。
一个民族的语言折射出这个民族纷繁多彩的文化形态，根植于两种截然不同的文化背景之中的英汉两种语言之间不可避免地存在着巨大的文化差异。
颜色词作为文化词语的一部分，承载着丰富的文化内涵。
英汉语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富,但是由于各自民族的文化历史背景、风俗习惯的不同，英汉语言在色彩运用以及赋予色彩的联想意义方面存在很大差异。
本文通过大量的例证,从文化分析的角度着手,对英汉颜色词的语义联想和使用进行了比较研究，以期对消除跨文化交际中的障碍有所裨益,从而提高英语学习者的跨文化交际意识和能力。
关键词文化差异，颜色词，英语，汉语Title Cultural Differences of Color Words in Chinese and EnglishAbstractThere is close relation between language and culture. Language is not only one part of culture, but also a mirror of it. The language of a nation reflects abundant cultural modality of the nation, thus there are great cultural differences between Chinese and English with different cultural backgrounds. As one part of the cultural phrases, the color words have rich cultural connotation. And a great many of words indicating various color or colors both in Chinese and English have great differences in their usages and associative meanings, because of different cultural and historical backgrounds and customs of each nation. From the point of cultural analysis, this paper have compared and analyzed the associative meanings and usages of the color words between Chinese and English through a large number of specific examples, in the hope of helping people to eliminate the barriers in cross-cultural communicating and cultivating the intercultural communication awareness and ability of English learners.Keywords cultural differences, color words, English, ChineseContents1 Introduction (1)2 Color and Color Words (2)2.1 Basic Color Words (3)2.2 Definition of Basic Color Words (3)2.3 English Basic Color Words (3)2.4 Chinese Basic Color Words (3)3 Differences of Color Words in Meanings and Usages in Chinese and English (4)3.1 Differences in Associative Meanings (4)3.2 Differences in Language Usages (7)3.2.1 Color Inclination (7)3.2.2 Ill-matched Situation of the Usages of Color Words (8)4 Factors Affecting the Differences of Color Words in Chinese and English (9)4.1 Cultural Tradition and Customs (9)4.2 Historical Background (10)4.3 Religious Belief (10)Conclusion (12)Acknowledgements (13)References (14)1 IntroductionDoes language shape culture or does culture shape language? In my opinion, language is a mirror, precisely reflecting the connotation of culture. Language is an important tool for human beings to communicate with each other. At the same time it is an important and outstanding component of culture and imposes great impact on culture. However, culture is imparted and transmitted by language. There wouldn’t exist culture without language. “Language and culture are mutually in existence…” (Engene Nida, 1993).Culture is the environment that people live in, by which every aspect of people’s life is affected and changes with the culture varying.As people live in the world with abundant color, to which their feelings are inevitably influenced by their native cultural tradition. The value of color is an organic component of the cultural value. According to the research of linguists and anthropologists, the classification of different national language is always different, because it has close relation to the ecological and the cultural environment of every nation. The color words, which have become a particular field in language study, are the product of the specific environment of language and culture. They not only reflect the physical characteristic, but the characteristic of society and times, having rich cultural connotation and becoming an important subject in the study of language and culture.At the end of 1960s, two American scholars—the nationalist Brent Berlin and the linguist Paul Kay cooperated with each other, and published the most influenced work in the research of the color words Basic color words: Research of University and Evolutionism (1969). The work was published after studying nearly a hundred languages. Berlin and Kay originally created the theory of basic color words.Chinese scholars，Yao Xiaoping and Liu Danqing，have done deep research on the color words in Chinese. They took the cultural factors into consideration in the research of the developing process of the color words. They thought that the cultural factors would have effect on the existence and development of the basic color words, about which Berlin and Kay didn’t concern. In recent years, many researchers also have taken part in the comparative research of the color words in Chinese and English, such as Meng Jianghong (2001), who studied different endowed meanings of the color words in Chinese and Englishculture, and pointed out the important meaning in practical usages, and Liu Xiaohui (2001), who expounded five basic skills of how to translate the color words correctly in Chinese and English, etc.Based on the research situation of the color words at home and abroad, though many scholars have done comparative study of the color words in Chinese and English, in my opinion, they are not systematical and clear enough. And some color words that have appeared in recent years have not been referred to. Therefore, to understand and apply the color words correctly, in my paper, I’d like to briefly introduce color and color words in the first place, and then by giving examples, make comparative study on the different associative meanings and usages of color words in both languages. At last, the factors affecting the differences of color words between Chinese and English will be analyzed in order to get better understanding of the color words and the cultural differences between Chinese and English, in the hope of helping English learners overcome the barriers in communicating and promote the ability of cross-cultural communication.With the social development of China and English spoken countries, people’s communication with each other has become more and more important. The communication of human beings is not only a kind of phenomenon of language, also a phenomenon of cross-culture. Cross-cultural communication refers to the communication of people in different cultural background. It becomes possible just because human beings share some common cultural information. However, people cannot share much other information because of cultural differences.Therefore, in the course of learning English, it is necessary to pay attention to the cultural differences of color words between Chinese and English so that we can communicate with others effectively and successfully, as the research on the cultural differences of the color words between Chinese and English has profound significance in cross-cultural communication.2 Color and Color WordsColor, a kind of natural phenomenon, is a result of human’s perception to the outside world. It looks like a long colorized belt with close continuity. Originally, color is anabstract concept and a blurry sense. There are a great variety of objects, each of which has specific color. With the evolution of human civilization, the vocabulary related to colors, which are called color words are used to express the color of certain substance. And color words are authorized signs to illustrate color.Nowadays, in some extents, color words are considered as a kind of “common language” for people of different countries. But, because of the great cultural, historical and psychological differences, color words of different countries may also have various peculiarities.2．1 Basic Color WordsColor words in different languages as well have a lot of traits in common. The two world-famous scholars Brent Berlin and Paul Kay, after a thorough and careful study, pointed out that there are eleven color categories in our world, which are known as “Basic Color Words”, containing white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange and gray.2．2 Definition of Basic Color WordsIdeally, each basic color word, or basic color term, should exhibit the following three characteristics:◆It is monolexemic; that is, its meaning is not predictable from the meaning of its parts.◆Its signification is not included in that of any other color word.◆Its application must not be restricted to a narrow class of objects.These criteria are sufficient to determine the basic color words in a given language in nearly all cases.2．3 English Basic Color WordsAs Brent Berlin and Paul Kay declared, different nations have different numbers of color words. English, with a relatively richer cultural background, has all the eleven basic color words: white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange and gray. 2．4 Chinese Basic Color WordsChinese basic colors include white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple and gray. It seems that there are fewer Chinese color words than English ones, but in fact,Chinese is one of the richest and most colorful languages in the world, having many words with color to show prolific meanings.3 Differences of Color Words in Meanings and Usages in Chineseand EnglishThe color words belong to the culture limited words, having strong national and cultural characteristics. Because of different cultural tradition, national customs, religious belief and historical and geographical backgrounds, different associative meanings are certainly produced beyond the literal concept of the color words under the effects of special cultural tradition of each nation. In distinctive national culture, various colors have varied cultural connotation, express diverse cultural psychology, and so bring different association and their usages for people.3．1 Differences in Associative MeaningsColor often contains abundant associative meanings. The associative meaning of color words is restrained by social customs, geographical environment, religion and culture, etc. Of course, there is some meaning in common. For instance, in most culture, “red” and “ardor”, “black” and “sobriety”, “green” and “life”, etc. are associated with each other. However, there exist enormous differences in most occasions.Color, itself, has no any specific meaning of sense, but it has a great psychological effect, which can bring people psychological association. Therefore, in some contexts, color words are endued with connotation of sense and compliments and depreciation, having specific associative meaning. In the following parts, some words with basic colors, which are often used in daily life, will be introduced with examples.1. RedIn both Chinese and English, red is usually associated with festive occasions. But the associative meaning in Chinese is more than that in English. Red has the associative meaning of happiness, luck, and prosperousness in Chinese. On calendar, holidays such as Spring Festival are printed in red. And Chinese people traditionally cut red couplets and applique to celebrate occasions like wedding and New Year. And there is a very famoustrademark “double red happiness” (红双喜) which is the symbol of good fortune. Besides, red is related to revolution and advancement. The typical words are the Red Army, red flag, red star.Although in English red also has the associative meaning of happiness, such as “red-letter days”, “to paint the town red” (to celebrate wildly, to enjoy oneself to one’s heart’s content), in most occasions, it has the unfortunate meaning. The western people are deeply affected by the tradition of bullfight, so in English red is associated with danger, violence, indignation and exigency, such as red rag, to see red, red alert, red battle and so on. Besides, red is the symbol of communism and communist party, which is used in harshly abusive words, such as red belt, better red than dead.Red is also associated with certain emotions. Let’s see a few examples.(1) He clenched his fist and went very red.(2) Her face turned red when bombarded with such an embarrassing question.(3) I can see that he is red with anger.(4) The mere mention of his enemy’s name is like waving a red flag to him.In the sentences above, some of the meaning can be guessed, for there is an Chinese equivalent，while the others are not so easy to understand by Chinese people. For instance, in English, one’s face turning red or becoming red-faced shows one’s embarrassment, as it does in Chinese “脸红”. But what is the meaning of “see…red” and “waving a red flag”? Both suggest anger. The former means to become very angry while the latter means to cause quick anger in somebody by doing something offensive.2. WhiteWhite can remind one of the feelings of immaculacy either in Chinese or in English. But mostly there are quite different associative meanings in two languages. In ancient China white has the associative meaning of vulgarity and penury. White clothes, white house, white body separately mean civilian, grass house, and people who have no power, all of which make people think of humbleness and poverty. So, “white hand” in Chinese means “having nothing”. While in English, white hand means purity and innocence. And a white lie means a well-meaning lie; a white night means a sleepless night. Besides, in English, white market means the official market of which the opposite word is black market. It willbe obviously ridiculous if we translate the white market as official market in Chinese.3. YellowEither in Chinese or in English, yellow has the associative meaning of illness, stagnation and death because it is the color of autumn, which can remind people of stagnant vision. However, yellow has another two associative meanings—imperial power and stateliness in ancient times but eroticism and vulgarity now. Yellow was thought to be respectful in ancient China because it is the proprietary color of the emperors. While nowadays it is associated with obscenity and eroticism, such as “黄色书刊(filthy books and periodicals)”, “黄色电影(obscene movie)”. In English, yellow has the associative meaning of cowardice, timidity and abjection, take some phrases for example, have a yellow streak (craven and despicable behavior), yellow-bellied (craven), a yellow dog (an abject man) and so on.4. GreenAs green is the color of plants and nature, it has the associative meaning of youth, hope, life, fresh, etc in both Chinese and English. In Chinese the word “green” still cannot be separated with the color of plants, such as “绿洲(oasis)”, “绿化城市(plant trees in and around the city)”. However, in traditional Chinese, green is related with eroticism and low status. If a man is said to have worn a green cap, it means his wife isn’t loyal to him. And at ancient time, the men who worked in bordello were restricted to wear green caps or kerchief so as to show his low status. In English, green also means new, jejune, being not ripe and being lack of experience, such as a green apple, green hand, green horn, green old age “老当益壮” and so on. Also green is associative with jealousy, green-eyed, turn green with envy, etc. are the examples.5. BlueAs blue is the color of the sea and the sky, most Chinese people are fond of this color. Usually, in Chinese blue sky can make people associate the future, and blue ocean can bring people infinite imagination. While in English blue always has the meaning of depression, melancholy, sadness and obscenity, such as in a blue mood, a blue Monday, blue evil, a blue movie, to make a blue joke, etc. Besides, blue is also related with nobleness, for instance, blue-blooded means somebody is of noble or royal birth.6. PinkPink, which is a color of red, is also known as peach in Chinese culture. Back to its root, it is the color of rouge that women used in order to beautify themselves, which is as beautiful as the color of peach blossom. Pink(peach) can symbolize female, so young men call their lovers as “红颜知己”, and the unwarrantable sexual behavior between men and women is called “peachy event桃色事件”. In recent years, the words “桃花运(a fancy and lucky love affair with a beautiful woman)” and “粉红女郎(charming women)” are very popular. But in western culture, pink has the association of elite and perfection. For example, the pink of perfection(a perfect person or thing)，the pink of politeness(quite complaisant). And it is also related with rank and fashion, such as pink lady(cocktail of high pattern)，pink tea(genteel doings)，a pink-collar worker(a woman secretary of high level).7. BlackEither in Chinese or in English, black has many similar associative meaning of solemnness, evil, horror, mystery, lawlessness, grief, unrighteousness. For example, there are black market, black hand, black hearted person, blacklist, blackmail, black art(magic or monstrous skill) in English and “黑手(the reactionary power having some evil activities secretly)”, “黑心肠(an evil heart or intention)”, “黑帮(the unlawful social organization)”, “黑社会组织(the unlawful social organization doing some illegal activities as their job)”, etc. in Chinese. Nevertheless, in English black is also associated with abomination, anger, murk and death, such as black future, be black in the face, black sheep, blackleg(a cheat), Black Death(a deadly disease in the 14th century), and so on.3．2 Differences in Language usages3.2.1 Color InclinationColor inclination means that the same or similar objects or concept take different color words to describe in two languages. For example, some phrases with the word “red” in Chinese language are not translated into the corresponding word “red” in English, such as “红茶(black tea)”, “红糖(brown sugar)”, “眼红(green-eyed)”. And in Chinese, yellow is used to indicate eroticism, vulgarity and obscenity, while blue is used in English, such as blue film, blue joke and so on. Besides, yellow is also the symbol of dignity and sovereign power, and the color of royalty. In the feudal society, all the emperors wear yellow robes.But purple is used in English to signify the monarch or the bishop, for example, “to raise to the purple”, “to be born in the purple”, “to marry into the purple”.3.2.2 Ill-matched Situation of the Usages of Color WordsIn some occasions, the color words are used in English but not in Chinese. There are many examples of the difference of this usage, such as red-letter day(important or memorable day), yellow-bellied(craven), yellow alert(the warning of air raid), white elephant(expensive but useless things), a white lie(a well-meaning lie), a white night(a sleepless night), look black at somebody(look at somebody with great anger), be in a black mood(be depressed),etc. Green, which in English comes from grass, also has many usages. It can be used incorrectly if not knowing that. For example, greenhouse(conservatory), greenroom(the room for performers to rest), greenback(pound), green horn(a new or inexperienced person), green thumb(horticultural skill), etc. Also, because of people’s different living customs, some color words are used only in English. Brown goods refer to the electric equipments such as TV, camera, and sound equipment and so on. These equipments are usually put in the cabinet, which is smeared with brown lacquer to make it look like wooden furniture. And white goods refer to the equipments with white surface such as refrigerator, washing machine and so on. In Chinese there is no such method of generalizing objects. Also, yellow is used as the special color of some objects, such as Yellow Pages and Yellow Book.Besides, when describe one’s mood and character, many color words are used in English. There is a typical example: Mr. White is a white (loyal) man. He was looking rather green (feel not good) the other day. He has been feeling blue (gloomy) today. When I saw him, he was in a brown mood (worried). I hope he’ll soon be in the pink (pull himself together) again. Chinese people will feel very confused at the above sentences because there is no such usage in Chinese.In contrast, some color words are used in Chinese but not in English. Take the word “white” for example. The color word "white" in Chinese language also has various usages, but not all of them are translated into the word “white” of English, such as “白开水(plain boiled water)”, “白菜(Chinese cabbage)”, “白搭(no use)”, “白费事(all in vain)”, “白痴(idiot)”, “白卷(an examination paper unanswered)”, “白话(vernacular)”, “白手起家(tobuild up from nothing)”, “白眼(treat people superciliously)”, “白衣战士(medical worker)”,etc. The situation of the usage of the color word “yellow” is also different. For instance, “黄豆(soybean)”, “黄花菜(daylily)”, “黄泉(the place where the dead were buried)”, “黄历(almanac)”, “黄道吉日(an auspicious day)”, “黄金时间(primetime)”, “黄色书刊(filthy books and periodicals)”, “黄色电影(obscene movie)”，etc.Take the word “red” of the Chinese language as another example. “红人(a favorite with somebody in power)”, “红榜(honor roll)”, “红利(bonus)”, “红尘(the world of mortals)”, “红运(good luck)”, “红豆(love pea)”, “生意红火(flourishing business)”. In English, there are no these usages. “红人”, “红榜”can’t be translated into “red man” and “red roll”.Originally, “红包” means the red package wrapping money, used for a donation or prize, sometimes can be translated into “bonus” or “reward”. But in some hospitals in China, it is necessary for patients to carry “红包” to see a doctor, especially when patients need operating. And how do we translate this phrase in English? Neither bonus it is, nor a gift. It can hardly be called payola as well. In fact, it is a kind of additional payment of surgery. It’s vivid and straightforward to translate it as “under-the-table payment” from pragmatics, pointing out the essence of “红包”.4 Factors Affecting the Differences of Color Words in Chinese andEnglish4．1 Cultural Tradition and CustomsGenerally speaking, various reflection, appreciation and imagination to color of different people result from long-term edification and cultivation of cultural tradition and customs. As tradition and customs of different nations vary with the development of the human civilization, people will have different understanding on the color when it is linked with various tradition and customs.The typical example is the color of weddings and funerals. In Chinese tradition, the color “red”, which symbolizes propitiousness and festive occassions, is the major color in weddings. The brides wear red dress and red kerchief; great pieces of red “Xi” are stickedonto windows, doors and walls. While in funerals, people who lose relatives use white paper, wear white mourning apparel, caps, sash and white flower to show their mournfulness. It is the national tradition and custom came down by Chinese people for thousands of years. However, in west, the brides always wear white dress in weddings to show the purity of their love; but in funerals people wear black clothes to show mournfulness to their lost relatives.4．2 Historical BackgroundA lot of color words are produced under special historical background, most of which are called “culture limited words”. If we don’t understand these words and the historical and cultural background of them, it is even harder for us to communicate with each other. Therefore, it is of great importance to grasp the differences of historical background between the two countries.In the Qing dynasty, the book that was authorized by the emperor is called “red book”. It is different from the “red book” in English-spoken country, which means the book with red cover. In China, during the culture revolution, every one should keep one or two books about Chairman Mao. It was also called “red treasured book”. As same as in English countries, such words related with history and geography has their proper meanings, such as red lining and red coat. The American financial institution encloses the poor area with red line and refuses to provide loan to this area that made the area poorer. This was called red lining. During the America civil war, the British soldiers wore scarlet service uniform. They were called redcoat.Let’s take yellow for another example. Yellow has the meaning of elevation, dignity and sovereign power. It takes an important part in Chinese people’s mind. In ancient China, yellow is the color of the emperor, who always wore yellow clothes. It has been a long time that yellow is thought to be respectful. So, at that time, except the emperor no one was allowed to use yellow. But in west, purple is the color of monarch or bishop, as the kings and bishop of western countries always wear purple robes. So purple in English signifies dignity, power and status. For example, “be born in the purple”, “to be raised to the purple”, “to marry into the purple”, etc.4．3 Religious BeliefEach nation has its own religious belief all over the world, so it is also one aspect resulting in the cultural differences between two nations. Most Chinese people are deeply affected by the saying “超度” in Buddhism, taking the death of old people as “white festivals”, therefore they are all dressed in white. And because of the monks usually wear yellow cassocks, yellow is connected with “佛法”, “佛光”, “超世脱俗”, etc. The emperors in Chinese history were fond of the color yellow, showing their high position.But most people of English-spoken countries believe in Christianity. In religion, black symbolizes grief, despair and death. In English there is the phrase “black Friday”. Here Friday refers to the Friday before Easter day. Jesus was suffering at that day. Based on the nation’s culture background and religious belief, people in English countries use black Friday to symbolize the disaster. This is peculiar in English culture. So, they usually wear black clothes in funerals. And there is an evident characteristic in the dresses due to the profound effects caused by Christianity—the brides always wear white dress to show loyalty and purity to Jesus; and the bridegrooms wear black lounge suit to show seriousness.ConclusionDue to different cultural tradition, national customs, religious belief, historical and geographical backgrounds, and mode of thinking, every nation has its own distinctive culture. When reflected in languages, the cultural differences will lead to language differences.Color words in the different languages, because of their different cultural backgrounds, include different cultural connotation. There are various color words in both Chinese and English. As a result of the cultural differences, a color word with the same rational concept in Chinese and English may have different associative meanings and usages.Thus, in the first part of my paper, I have expounded language and culture, and as well the relationship between them. Second, I have briefly introduced color and color words. Then, I have compared the differences of the color words from their associative meanings and usages by taking a lot of examples for explanation.At last, in order to further understand the differences of color words in both Chinese and English, I have analyzed the cultural factors resulting in the differences.As the cross-cultural communication between China and English speaking countries becomes increasingly intensive, in the course of English learning, understanding the cultural differences of color words in Chinese and English will greatly contribute to getting a better command of English language, promoting the cultural communication between China and western countries and cultivating our intercultural communication awareness and ability.AcknowledgementsMany people deserve my grateful thanks for helping me in various respects and at various stages of the writing of this thesis. First of all, I would like to express my deep indebtedness and gratitude to my instructor, Mr. Zuo Guangming, who has been helping me throughout all the stages of the writing. Mr. Zuo discussed with me the determination of the title, the outline and the arrangement of each part. Without his insightful guidance and patient revision, this thesis would not have taken the present shape. All my life I will benefit from his earnest and tireless instruction.I would also like to take this opportunity to give my sincere acknowledgements to all the teachers who have taught me during the four years’ of my study. Their excellent teaching has illuminated me and helped me lay a solid foundation for this thesis and my future work.Last but not least, thanks also go to my classmates and friends for reading through the whole paper, commenting on part of it, and for their frequent discussion and constant support and encouragement while this thesis is being written.Thanks to all who have helped me.。
淮阴工学院机械设计制造及其自动化省品牌专业汇报PPT精编版
职称结构
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师资队伍
人才工程项目 全国五一劳动奖章获得者 国务院政府特殊津贴 省“青蓝工程”科技创新团队 省“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人培养对象 省“青蓝工程”青年骨干教师 省“333工程”培养对象 省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才计划 省企业博士集聚计划对象 “533英才工程”学术技术骨干培养对象
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学科平台
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机械设计制造 及其自动化专业
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省数字化制造技术重点实验室 省介入医疗器械研究重点实验室 省车辆与交通安全保障重点实验室 省物联网移动互联技术工程实验室
淮阴工学院国家级大学科技园 江苏省大学生创业训练基地 省发动机气缸摩擦副系统工程技术研究中心 国家板带生产先进装备工程技术研究中心 江苏淮工分中心
双聘院长 双聘专业带头人 双聘教授 院士1-2名 长江学者1-2名 千人计划0-1名
非全时制
设立专项聘用非全时专家 “三薪制”（年薪、月薪、时薪）
绩效导向
合同管理 聘期考核
四、思路与举措
2.建设举措
多元协同，构建卓越应用人才培养模式
校企联动
全面实行学校导师+企业导师协同指导机制，校企共 同制定培养方案，建立人才共育、过程共管、资源 （成果）共享、责任共担的合作机制。
省级教学成果二等奖
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应用型机械工程类专业实践教学体系的构建与创 新能力的培养
省级教学成果二等奖
序号
教改项目名称
应用型工科大学生创新精神培养和素质提升体系的构建 1 与实践研究
校园文化建设-PPT课件
徐 岩 （淮阴工学院）
（三）校风建设问题
校风建设不如人意。在校风建设上，校领导、管理人 员、教师以及全体学生相互推诿，每一方主体都把校风不 好归咎到其他主体身上。究其原因，在于各方主体未真正 认识到“文化育人”的作用并且相互之间协调不佳，使校 风在领导作风、管理作风、教风和学风之间出现了恶性循 环。
（二） 促进大学生思想政治教育激励功能的实现,思想政治教育必须 构建教育客体对教育主体所倡导和灌输的价值观念产生需求和适应的 社会机制。
——《大学生思想政治教育与高校校园文化建设的互动关系刍议》 任晓晴，湖南第一师范学院
一、思想政治教育与校园文化建设的关系
校园文化作为一种文化现象，是素质教育尤其是思想政治教育的 一种行之有效的方式，一种载体，对促进高校思想政治教育，倡导和 巩固良好的校风，纯洁大学生群体的道德风尚，对大学生德、智、体 全面发展，对培育‘四有’新人、乃至全社会的精神文明建设具有十 分重要的意义。
校园文化内部存在问题
精神文化建设 问题
行为文化建设 问题
校园文化
环境文化建设 问题
制度文化建设 问题
二、校园精神文化建设问题
精神文化建设缺乏个性
校园精神 文化建设
物质文化与精神文化冲突
校风建设问题
（一）精神文化建设缺乏个性
大学精神飘渺虚幻。校园文化的核心是大学精神。大学精神是大 学得以存在和发展的根本，通常体现为大学的创造精神、批判精神和 社会关怀精神。
——《现代高校校园文化的反思与和谐校园的建构 》 徐 岩 （淮阴工学院）
五、校园制度文化建设问题
艰难境遇致使教师很难全身心投入去营建纯洁的校园 文化。如职称压力、论文要求、短期专业设置使老师只注 重自己知识结构调整等等。第一，在老师评价学生、学生 也评价老师甚至根据评价选课的今天，教师自己必须调整 自己的关注点来满足学生的需要。教师如果仅熟悉并讲授 书本理论知识，会导致学生的反感进而出现恶性评价，其 后果就是在高校立身困难; 第二，教师评职称、写论文、 做项目等量化指标不谙市场之道是很难的完成的，因而将 大量时间用于校外，不太注重校园文化的营建。
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轮履两用地形自适应探测机器人 参赛院校： 汉科技大学 总决赛二等奖
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淮阴工学院
淮阴工学院课程设计说明书作者：学号：系：生命科学与化学工程学院专业：生物工程题目：煤油冷却器的设计指导者：(姓名) (专业技术职务)20xx年 05月淮安换热器设计任务班级姓名学号指导教师一、设计题目煤油冷却器的设计二、设计任务及操作条件1、处理能力19.8×104t/a煤油2、设备型式列管式换热器3、操作条件（1）煤油：入口温度140℃，出口温度40℃。
（2）冷却介质：循环水，入口温度27℃，出口温度40℃。
（3）允许压降：不大于0.4MPa。
（4）煤油定性温度下的物性数据：ρc＝825Kg/m3μc＝7.15×10－4Pa．Sc pc＝2.22KJ/(Kg. ℃)λ＝0.14W/(m. ℃)(5)每年按330天计，每天24小时连续运行。
4、建厂地址江苏淮安三、完成设备图一张。
（A3，CAD）目录1设计说明 (4)（1）引言 (4)（2）设计任务 (6)（3）确定设计方案 (6)（4）确定物性数据 (6)（5）计算总传热系数 (7)（6）计算传热面积 (8)（7）工艺结构尺寸 (8)（8）换热器核算 (10)（9）换热器主要结构尺寸和计算结果 (12)2设计小结 (14)3参考文献 (15)4 CAD工程制图1、引言在不同温度的流体间传递热能的装置称为热交换器，简称换热器。
在换热器中至少要有两种流体，一种流体温度较高，放出热量；另一种流体则温度较低，吸收热量。
在工程实践中有时也会存在两种以上流体参加换热的换热器，但它的基本原理与前一种情形并无本质上的区别。
列管式换热器的应用已有很悠久的历史。
现在，它被当作一种传统的标准换热设备在很多工业中大量使用，尤其在化工、石油、能源、等部门所使用的换热设备中，列管式换热器仍处于主导地位，且它们是上叙这些行业的通用设备，并占有十分重要的地位。
虽着我国工业的不断发展，对能源利，并开发和节约的要求不断提高，因而对换热器的要求也日益加强。
换热器的设计，制造，结构改进及传热机理的研究十分活跃，一些新的高效换热器相继问世。
《管子关于城市规划》
站
每三十里路设置 驿站，贮备一些 食品，立官管理。
*原文摘自《管子·大匡》
士农工商四民者，国之石民也。不可使杂处， 杂处则其言咙，其事乱。是故圣王之处士必于闲燕， 处农必就田野，处工必就官府，处商必就市井。
静农府 商
士 田 匠市
*原文摘自《管子·小匡》
地之守在城，城之守在兵，兵之守在人，人之守在粟。 辟 故地不 则城不固，天下者，国之本也；国者，乡之本也。
关于城市规划的思想淮阴工学院城市规划1121班本幻灯片由潘正鑫制作管仲管仲学派自然观的功能性的规划理论
《管子》关于城市规划的思想
*本幻灯片由潘正鑫制作
淮阴工学院 城市规划1121班
潘正鑫 王飞宇 谢凯骏
管仲学管派仲《管子》
风水学 自然观的、功能性的规划理论。
《周礼考工记》伦理、社会学的规划思想。
《周礼考工记》
地
城
兵
人
*原文摘自《管子·度地》
栗
辟→固
人乡民
我不是神，我也不是迷信， 我是自然观的最好体现， 天人合一是我的精髓！ 请记住我，春秋号选手《管子》。
3Q~
管sir
有规有矩，严格遵守。 方方正正，笔直规正。 礼的代表，尊贵象征。 我叫周礼，喂自己袋盐。
周礼
找……
非 凡立国都， 于大山之下，必于广川之上。 足 高毋近旱，而水用 。下毋近水，而沟防省
不要靠我太近， 你没水喝就等shi吧！
山
*原文摘自《管子·乘马》
不近高，不近水。 我乃中庸之道~
管子的思想你不懂~ 2333333333
国都
黄河不发威， 你当我是小溪啊？
天子中而处，此谓因天之固，归地之利。
内为之城，城外为之郭，郭外为之土阆，
新版淮阴工学院学分制实施方案(试行)培训课件.doc
淮阴工学院学分制实施方案（试行）（淮工院[2005]61号 2005年8月31日）学分制是以选课制为基础，以学分为计量单位衡量学生完成学业状况的弹性教学管理制度。
我院自2000年组建以来，在全院全面试行了学分制，几年来，对推进教育教学改革，建立竞争和激励机制，充分调动和发挥教、学双方的积极性和主动性，科学地构建学生的知识结构和能力结构，培养与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的创新型、复合型的高素质应用性人才，起到了一定的积极作用。
为充分发挥学分制的优势，进一步深化我院教育教学改革，不断提高教育教学水平和人才培养质量，根据我院的具体情况，特制定本方案。
一、培养计划根据学科发展的趋势、人才培养的规律和我院实际，将我院现有本科专业按学科划分专业大类，按大类制定宽口径的人才培养计划。
坚持知识、能力、素质协调发展和综合提高的原则，使学生在德、智、体等方面得到全面发展。
按照加强基础、拓宽专业面、注重素质教育和创新能力、实践能力培养、增强毕业生适应性的思路，体现理论与实践相结合，人文素质教育与科学素质教育相结合。
按照“平台+模块”的方式设置课程结构体系，构建专业大类基础课平台，柔性设置专业课程模块，加大选修课程比例，使学生通过学习能够构建起适应终身教育及社会发展变化需要的知识、能力结构和基本素质。
二、学制实行弹性学制,本科标准学制为4学年（建筑学专业可为5学年），专科标准学制为2--3学年。
本科学习年限3～8学年（建筑学专业学习年限可为4~9年），专科2～6学年，每学年分为两学期。
凡在规定年限内修满教学计划规定的最低总学分和各类课程学分者，准予毕业。
不论学生修满学分年限的长短，毕业时学制均按标准学制计算。
三、课程选修1、课程分类课程设置分为必修课程和选修课程两大类：（1）必修课程指按照专业培养目标要求，该专业学生必须掌握的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，以及构成大学生素质结构所开设的课程和环节。
必修课程是保证人才成型的基础，这类课程主要是公共基础课、专业基础课和实践性教学环节，要求学生必须修读。
淮工模拟联合国流程培训共34页
1
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26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
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27、只有把抱怨环境的心情，化为上进的力量，才是成功的保证。——罗曼·罗兰
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28、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
淮工模拟联合国流程培训
6
、
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天
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8
、Hale Waihona Puke 吁嗟身后
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9、 陶渊 明（ 约 365年 —427年 ），字 元亮， （又 一说名 潜，字 渊明 ）号五 柳先生 ，私 谥“靖 节”， 东晋 末期南 朝宋初 期诗 人、文 学家、 辞赋 家、散
▪
29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
▪
30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢！
34
文 家 。汉 族 ，东 晋 浔阳 柴桑 人 （今 江西 九江 ） 。曾 做过 几 年小 官， 后辞 官 回家 ，从 此 隐居 ，田 园生 活 是陶 渊明 诗 的主 要题 材， 相 关作 品有 《饮 酒 》 、 《 归 园 田 居 》 、 《 桃花 源 记 》 、 《 五 柳先 生 传 》 、 《 归 去来 兮 辞 》 等 。
淮阴师范学院论文开题论文答辩首选PPT模板
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淮阴工学院精美的大学生论文开题答辩PPT模板
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【精品】淮工三食堂26页PPT
谢谢！
51、 天 下 之 事 常成 于困约 ，而败 于奢靡 。——陆 游 52、 生 命 不 等 于是呼 吸，生 命是活 动。——卢 梭
53、 伟 大 的 事 业，需 要决心 ，能力 ，组织 和责任 感。 ——易 卜 生 54、 唯 书 籍 不 朽。——乔 特
【精品】淮工三食堂
16、自己选择的路、跪着也要把它走 完。 17、一般情况下)不想三年以后的事， 只想现 在的事 。现在 有成就 ，以后 才能更 辉煌。
18、敢于向黑暗宣战的人，心里必须 充满光 明。 19、学习的关键--重复。
20、懦弱的人只会裹足不前，莽撞的 人只能 引为烧 身，只 有真正 勇敢的 人才能 所向披 靡。
55、 为 中 华 之 崛起而 读书。 ——周 恩来
Hale Waihona Puke
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PART 02
研究方法与思路
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简约毕业论文答辩模板
淮阴工学院论文
答辩人：××× 编号： 774298
01 选题背景与意义
CONTENTS
目录
02 研究方法与思路
03 研究成果展示与应用
04 相关建议与总结
PART 01
选题背景与意义
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选题背景
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研究思路
• 重点内容123 • 淮阴工学院淮阴工学院 380652淮阴工学院 • 淮阴工学院淮阴工学院淮阴工学院 675100
研究方法
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选题背景
国内研究现状
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研究意义
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研究综述
综述1
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