新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit 3
大学英语综合教程第三册听力材料
Unit 1 AWhile some visitors to Singapore expect a high-tech city, there are also some parts of the island that still reflect how it used to look before urban development took over.In one of the main Central Nature Reserves, monkeys still roam freely, living side by side with humans. The macaques have grown accustomed to being fed, so they look to humans as a source of food. But this in itself is problematic. As the monkeys depend more on humans for food, they venture further from their natural habitat, a phenomenon that has worried experts.There is just not enough space. Essentially, in much of Southeast Asia we’ve seen a lot of habitat loss where rainforest has been destroyed and converted into human settlement. Singapore is a very urbanized city, and it’s taken a lot of space, so there is not much space left for long-tailed macaques.We really need to stop encroaching into nature reserves. We need to stop building the houses so nearby the reserves, which then causes the problem of the macaques coming in to people’s houses and raiding them. These macaques are French species so they live on the edges of the rainforests.If humans keep building the houses so near the reserves, there will definitely be a constant human-macaque conflict issue.After all, the m acaques are essential to maintaining the rainforest’s ecosystem. More should be done to protect them.Unit 1 BDuring the whole year’s promotion, a series of activities will be held to promote public awareness in protecting biodiversity like summit forums and biodiversity knowledge competitions. Also, the government will conduct supervision to fight illegal hunting and other related conduct in nature reserves nationwide.Wan Bentai, general engineer at the Ministry of Environmental Protection says biodiversity is vital to human life. The Earth is colorful just because of biodiversity. If all the species were gone and there were only us humans left, humans wouldn’t be able to survive.Biodiversity not only refers to all the species, including animals, plants and insects but also the genes and our living environment. However, dozens of species are disappearing on our planet everyday. Currently, 34,000 plants and 5,200 animals are on the edge of extinction.Scientists say many species’ extinction is attributed to human activities. Many animals are endangered because of human activities like hunting and fishing. But many animals have a close connection with humans, so we should treat them as friends. Besides, many plants make great contributions to human life, some of which are even more precious than gold.In recent years, the number of animal and plant species has declined sharply in China due to various reasons. We need policies which protect biodiversity. And we have to find programs which can encourage and provide incentives for people not to cut down the forest, nor to destroy the habitat of rare birds, nor fisheries. We have to do many things.Unit 2 AWhen it comes to intelligence, there has always been one fundamental question: Is intelligence a function of nature? Is it simply encoded in a child’s genes? Or is it a function of nurture? Is it more about the environment that a child grows up in?On the one hand, if we take two people at random from the crowd, it is very likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. However, if we take two identical twins, chances are that they will be as intelligent as each other. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. On the other hand, though, if we put identical twins in different environments, we would find differences in their intelligence several years later,which indicates that environment does play a crucial role in people’s intelligence.Recently, data has clearly indicated that nurture is indeed more than 50% of the equation. That is good news for educators, but even better news for society as a whole.Fortunately, President Obama has come out in strong support of early childhood education, particularly for those children most at risk of school failure. Investing in quality pre-school opportunities clearly helps give children from poverty-stricken areas the chance at a stronger start in school and in life.If we are serious about helping our children succeed in school, if we are truly interested in “Leaving No Child Behind,” we will take a hard look at this compelling data and begin investing greater sums at the early childhood level.Unit 2 BAlbert Einstein was a German-born physicist, although most people probably know him as the most intelligent person who ever lived. His name has become part of many languages when we want to say someone is a genius, as in the phrase, “She’s a real Einstein”. He must have been pretty brainy to discover the Theory of Relativity and the equation E=MC2.In 1999, Time Magazine named Einstein as the Person of the Century. No one could have guessed this would happen when he was in school. He was extremely interested in science but hated the system of learning things by rote memory. He said it destroyed learning and creativity. He had already done many experiments but failed the entrance exams to a technical college. He didn’t let this setback stop him. When he was 16, he performed his famous experiment of imagining traveling alongside a beam of light. He eventually graduated from university, in 1900, with a degree in physics.Twelve years later he was a university professor and in 1921, he won the Nobel Prize forPhysics. He went on to publish over 300 scientific papers. Einstein is the only scientist to become a cult figure, a household name and part of everyday culture. He once joked that when people stopped him in the street, he always replied, “Pardon me, sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein.” Today, he is seen as the typical mad, absent-minded professor, who just happened to change our world.Unit 3 ATo imagine life in the future, you have to know what might be possible. You also need a lot of imagination. There have been many exhibits, such as those at World’s Fairs and theme parks, showing how future homes might look and work, sponsored by builders, developers or technology companies. Science fiction is another way to predict the future. It’s a kind of writing that blends real science with fantasy. Over the years, science fiction writers, artists and engineers have had many ideas about what life would be like in the future. Here’s a look at what some of the leading scientists are working on today to bring into your homes tomorrow.On the outside a home might look like any other. But inside, it can be high-tech all the way! Computer scientists have found new ways to use technology to make people’s lives easier. For instance, sensors can show if someone is in your home and where they are at all times. You can check in from any computer — anywhere. The stuff of cutting-edge scientific research today is tomorrow’s household technology, and high-tech consumer products could be available in your future home!Unit 3 BWhat if we could wear bodysuits to give us super strength? Own an identical robot twin to work for us? What if we could travel through time? Technology is pushing from every direction, getting faster with each passing second. Prepare yourself! The future is closer than you think.A robot conducting a symphony orchestra! A mazing as that is, it’s just one wayreality is outpacing science fiction. Every day robots become even more sophisticated, taking on additional human traits. Until now, robots have mostly gotten the toughest jobs. They work at the assembly line and defuse or even detonate explosive devices.The traditional tasks for a robot have always been the 3-D’s: dull, dirty, dangerous. But as technology improves and as researchers are working towards developing these intelligent humanoids, we are going to see our homes and offices occupied by robots. It makes sense that if you are going to build a general-purpose robot that can perform any task that a human can do, you’d like to give it a human shape. It can walk gracefully. His creators study motion-capture video of both humans and animals. I believe that humanoid technologies will improve our lives in the 21st century.Unit 4 AA leading US scientist has predicted that computers will be as intelligent as humans by 2029. Futurologist Dr Ray Kurzweil told the American Association for the Advancement of Science that in the near future, machine intelligence will overtake the power of the human brain. He said that within two decades computers will be able to think quicker than humans. Dr Kurzweil painted a picture of us having tiny robots called nanobots implanted in our brain to boost our intelligence and health. He told reporters that these microscopic nanobots would work with our brains to make us think faster and give us more powerful memories. Kurzweil explained that we are already “a human machine civilization” and that the upcoming technology “will be a further extension of that.”Dr Kurzweil was one of 18 top intellectuals asked by the US National Academy of Engineering to identify our greatest technological challenges. Other experts included Google founder Larry Page and the human genome pioneer Dr Craig Venter. Kurzweil has a very impressive background in science and innovation. He was an innovator in various fields of computing, including the technology behind CDs. He also pioneered automatic speech recognition by machines. He predicts the pace of new inventionswill increase greatly from now, saying: “ … the next half century will see 32 times more technical progress than the past half century.” This means scenes from science fiction movies, like Blade Runner, The Terminator and I, Robot, will become more and more a part of our everyday lives.Unit 4 BThe scientists who launched the Human Genome Project believed in the power of genetic information to transform health care to allow earlier diagnosis of diseases than ever before and to fuel the creation of powerful new medicines.But it was also clear that genetic information could potentially be used in ways that are hurtful or unfair —for example denying health insurance because of an increased risk for developing a particular disease.Aware of the danger and hoping to ward it off, the founders of the Human Genome Project created a program to explore the ethical, legal, and social implications of new genetic knowledge. The goal was to anticipate problems that might arise and to prompt solutions.For example, in the future, doctors will likely be able to give each of us a “genetic report card” that will spell out our risk of developing a variety of different diseases. But will we really want that information? How will it be used? Who will have access to our genetic information? How will it affect our lives, our families, and our communities?The challenge of addressing these issues is not reserved for scientists. We all have a stake in making sure that everyone will benefit from genetic research and no one is harmed.Unit 5 A“Art does not solve problems, but makes us aware of their existence,” sculptor Magdalena Abakanowicz has said. Arts education, on the other hand, does solveproblems. Years of research show that it’s closely linked to almost everything that we as a nation say we want for our children and demand from our schools: academic achievement, social and emotional development, civic engagement, and equal opportunity. Involvement in the arts is associated with gains in math, reading, cognitive ability, critical thinking, and verbal skill. Arts learning can also improve motivation, concentration, confidence, and teamwork. A 2005 report by the Rand Corporation about the visual arts argues that the intrinsic pleasures and stimulation of the art experience do more than sweeten an individual’s life — according to the report, they “can connect people more deeply to the world and open them to new ways of seeing,” c reating the foundation to forge social bonds and community cohesion. Comprehensive, innovative arts initiatives are taking root in a growing number of school districts. Many of these models are based on new findings in brain research and cognitive development, and they embrace a variety of approaches: using the arts as a learning tool, incorporating arts into other core classes and creating a school environment rich in arts and culture. “When you think about the purposes of education, there are three,” an educator says. “We’re preparing kids for jobs. We’re preparing them to be citizens. And we’re teaching them to be human beings who can enjoy the deeper forms of beauty. The third is as important as the other two.”Unit 5 BThe arts are windows of the world in the same way that science helps us see the world around us.Literature, music, theater, the visual arts, the media, architecture, and dance reveal aspects about ourselves, the world around us, and the relationship between the two. In 1937, German planes flying for Franco in the Spanish civil war bombed a defenseless village as a laboratory experiment, killing many of the inhabitants. In Guernica, Pablo Picasso painted his outrage in the form of a vicious bull surveying a scene of human beings screaming, suffering, and dying. These powerful images mark in our minds the horror of a senseless act of war.Today, one major goal of education has become very practical: employability.Children should know how to read, write, and compute so that they can assume a place in the work force. Few would argue with that. But this objective should not allow us to overlook the importance of the arts and what they can do for the mind and spirit of every child and the function of schooling.Educational administrators need to be reminded that schools have a fundamental responsibility to provide the fuel that will ignite the mind, spark the aspirations, and illuminate the human spirit. The arts can often serve as that fuel. They are the ways we apply our imagination, thought, and feeling through a range of “languages” to illuminate life in all its mysteries, miseries, delights, pities, and wonders.Unit 6 AA solution may be at hand for holidaymakers who are finding it harder to get off the beaten track. For those who really want to get away from it all, a new holiday destination has sprung up — Antarctica. However, this new hotspot, or freezing zone, might only be for those with the deepest pockets if a new policy gets under way. Tourism on Antarctica has been increasing dramatically in the past twenty years, from a few thousand people in 1985 to more than 40,000 in 2007. The growing numbers are having a negative effect on the pristine environment of the South Pole. To combat this, researchers from Holland’s Maastricht University have come up with a possible solution: limit the number of tourists allowed to visit and auction the vacations to the highest bidders.Many environmental protection agencies agree that there is a need to protect the frozen wilderness from the damage created by modern tourism. Antarctica is the last unspoiled place on Earth. It has a very delicate ecosystem that could be easily upset by hordes of tourists landing in airplanes and using skimobiles. A difficulty exists because Antarctica is not a country and therefore has no government to pass laws or guidelines to control the number of visitors. The Maastricht University team’s proposal to auction off a fixed number of tourist places seems a workable solution. Itwould limit the number of visitors and therefore contain the amount of environmental damage, and the money would be used to protect Antarctica’s future.Unit 6 BTraveling to World Heritage sites is rewarding! It is about exploring unique environments, engaging with cultural splendours, experiencing a different way of life and building lasting memories. The following are some great travel tips that can enhance your trip and benefit the World Heritage sites you visit. Here are the tips: Before traveling, first find out as much as possible. The more you know about a World Heritage site before arriving, the more the site will come alive. Second, pack light. It is tempting to pack everything you think you might need, but remember to be smart about your necessities. Packaging items like the paper box of your film or the plastic wrapping of your new toothbrush simply consumes space in your bag and can create excess trash for the World Heritage site. Finally, explore transportation options. Traveling affects the environment. Wherever possible, try to minimize your pollution and impact on the environment by looking to alternative transportation and off-setting your carbon emissions.During your traveling, tread lightly and respect the natural environment. These destinations are World Heritage sites because of their exceptional natural or cultural splendour. Do your part to keep them that way by following designated trails, respecting caretakers and not removing archaeological or biological treasures from sites. Besides, while it is important to support local economies, certain tourist activities and souvenirs can damage a fragile World Heritage site. Say “no” to souvenirs that are a piece of the site itself and to tourist activities that may be harmful to a site’s longevity.Unit 7 AAnyone who has experienced it knows all too well – video game addiction is real.Although gaming addiction is not yet officially recognized as a disorder by the American Medical Association, there is increasing evidence that people of all ages, especially teens and pre-teens, are facing very real, sometimes severe consequences associated with compulsive use of video and computer games.Video games are becoming increasingly complex, detailed and compelling to a growing international audience of players. With better graphics, more realistic characters and greater strategic challenges, it’s not surprising that some teens would rather play the latest video game than hang out with friends, play sports or even watch television.Of course, all gamers are not addicts – many teens can play video games a few hours a week, successfully balancing school activities, grades, friends and family obligations. But for some gaming has become an uncontrollable compulsion. Studies estimate that 10 percent to 15 percent of gamers exhibit signs that meet the World Health Organization’s criteria for addiction. Just like gambling and other compulsive behaviors, teens can become so enthralled in the fantasy world of gaming that they neglect their family, friends, work and school.Unit 7 BInternet Addiction Disorder has long been recognized as a social problem.According to psychological counselor Li Jianling, if you have the following symptoms, it is likely that Internet addiction has begun to infiltrate your life. Internet addicts lose track of time and spend less and less time on meals at home or at work. They are used to eating in front of a computer screen. Also, they deny spending too much time on the Net. They can’t help going online when already busy at work, and they sneak online when family members aren’t at home, with a sense of relief. It’s a commonly known fact that Internet addiction can have a devastating effect on peoples’ health and social lives. Adults may lose the most important years for their career development and students may waste too much of their youth in front of a computer screen.But why is Internet addiction so prominent in China? Li Jianling explains that many youths are the only children in their families. They don’t have enough chances to associate with parents and relatives. Also, the lack of activities for adults can lead to Internet addiction. When people grow up, if they don’t spend time on sports or other positive interests, they often turn to the Internet to kill time.How do we deal with this problem? Li Jianling says associating more with family, friends and nature can really help Internet addicts kick the habit. Everyone understands that parents nowadays are busy, but if they just spend more time communicating with their kids, they can help avoid their children from becoming addicted to the Internet.Unit 8 AThe ability of a country to reduce poverty and increase its development depends on a number of things: its physical geography, the policy choices it makes, and the resources, institutions and capacities it has access to. On top of these, money is also needed to enable a country to invest in infrastructure or programs that support economic growth and development. Countries can finance their development in several different ways. First and foremost are the domestic financial resources that countries already have — the taxes they collect on economic activity or government borrowing from the savings that people and companies make. But for many developing countries, domestic resources are insufficient to meet the scale of investment necessary. So there is often a need to supplement them with financial resources from other countries. In 2005, many donor countries committed to increasing the amount of money they give in aid by $50 billion by 2010.Of equal importance, aid also needs to work better. For example, aid sometimes can be tied to the purchase of goods and services from the donor. This means that aid is not necessarily directed to the things that matter for poor people. This undermines the effectiveness of aid, as measured by its ability to reduce poverty. Making aid more effective is a responsibility shared by donor and recipient countries.The organization called United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been focusing on supporting recipient governments, ensuring aid coordination, and supporting to monitor arrangements that include the private sector and civil society.Unit 8 BUN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon says the global financial crisis may have shaken world confidence, but not the international community’s re solve to help the United Nations continue working to fight poverty and disease. Mr. Ban said the international community’s determination to help what he calls the world’s “bottom billion” —those who live on less than $1 a day —has not weakened. During the annual meeting of the UN General Assembly that wrapped up last week in New York, member states pledged $16 billion to help the UN meet targets of cutting poverty and disease worldwide by 2015.“Everyone has felt the earthquake on Wall Street,” said the U.N. chief. “But it has not shaken our resolve. Banks may be failing, but the world’s bottom billion can bank on us.” He said the generosity of these commitments is very encouraging, given the economic climate.In the first of a new monthly series of press conferences, Mr. Ban spoke about the many challenges facing the United Nations —among them, the deteriorating situation in Darfur, the precarious political and military situation in Afghanistan, piracy and instability in Somalia and the effects of climate change.The UN chief said that amid these crises the world must not forget the plight of others and he urged world leaders to honor the monetary pledges they have made. “Grave as it may be, today’s financial crisis will be overcome,” he said. “We must und erline the need for ‘crisis-proofing’ of the important priorities of the United Nations from international financial turbulence.”。
大学英语综合教程3听力全文
英语listening in 部分组最后一篇短文Unit 4Listen passage 1Traditional jobs like the chimney sweeps and coal miners from our history lessons don't really exist anymore. During the 20th century the number of people working in agriculture and manufacturing decreased significantly. In contrast, the number of people doingoffice-based jobs has more than doubled, from 18 per cent of the working population in 1901, to over 40 per cent by the end of the 20th century. Modern society has changed the way we work but these changes are not always positive. They can also create problems we may not be aware of.What does the modern office mean for the nation's health, for example? Well, firstly, office jobs are sedentary. We're sitting at our desks all day working on computers. And this means we're not exercising our bodies in the way people used to when they did more traditional jobs. It's not surprising then that we're all putting on weight. In fact, a fifth of adults over 16 were classified as overweight in 2001.But there are other less obvious dangers connected with office work. Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, and other disorders like muscle strain, neck and backache are a growing problem. It's estimated that in 2002, over a million people suffered from these kinds of health problems. As a result, 12.3 million working days were lost. The cause is simple: long periods spent sitting at the computer typing and using a mouse.Many companies now employ ergonomic experts to ensure staff are sitting correctly at their computers and take frequent breaks from typing to try and prevent injury.Another problem of the modern office is the building itself. People tend to feel tired and irritable after a day stuck inside a modern office and often get colds and flu. This phenomenon is known as "sick building syndrome" and it's caused by several factors. First of all, in many offices there is a lack of natural air and light. Secondly, within the enclosed space of an office environment, there is a high concentration of electronic devices. And as well as this, air-conditioning systems in large buildings re-circulate the air around the office, carrying germs from workstation to workstation. Research suggests sick building syndrome can be found in roughly 30 per cent of new or refurbished buildings. But there is some good news for office workers. A lot of companies are making efforts to improve office workplaces. They're installing better lighting and ventilation. They're increasing the number of plants. And they're encouraging employees to take regular breaks from their computers. So if anyone listening is in an office, take this simple advice: get up, have a stretch, open a window—if you can—and think of ways you can stay healthy in this most unnatural environment.Unit 5Listen passage1Next I will look at the roles of individuals within groups. A group that is made up of individuals who have similar personalities may not work effectively. In the 1980s Belbin identified eight different roles that can help build effective teams. The "Chairperso n" is someone who is self-confident and encourages others to contribute.Then there is the "Company worker"—he or she is conservative and helps organize others.The "Shaper" is outgoing and dynamic and motivates others—whereas the "Plant" is a genius who is often a loner.The "Resource investigator" is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the "Monitor-evaluator" is calm and serious and makes good, balanced decisions.The "Teamworker" in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit. And the "Completer-finisher" is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up any loose ends. T o be effective, a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfil all these different roles.Unit 7passage 1When you have a biscuit with your cup of tea do you dunk it? And if so, what's the perfect way to do it? That's the subject of today's Science in Action report. It may be hard to believe but scientists at the University of Bristol have been analyzing this question. And after a two-month study they devised a mathematical formula for dunking biscuits. So no more melting chocolate, or biscuit crumbs in the bottom of your cup, which is the fate of one in four biscuits that are dunked in tea, according to research by a biscuit manufacturer.Doughnut dunkers don't face the same problems because doughnuts are held together with an elastic net of protein gluten. This substance allows the doughnut to absorb liq uid without breaking down its structure. The structure of a biscuit, however, is held together by sugar which melts when placed in hot tea or coffee.So what is the answer? The researchers, led by Dr Len Fisher, discovered that holding the biscuit in a horizontal position—or "flat-on"—has a significant effect on the amount of time that a biscuit can stay in hot liquid before falling apart. In fact this horizontal dunking results in a dunking time up to four times longer than traditional vertical dunking.What's the reason for this? It seems that the answer is related to diffusion, in other words, the length of time it takes for the liquid to penetrate the structure of the biscuit. Basically, it takes longer for the liquid to travel through the channels of a biscuit when it is laid flat on the surface of the liquid. Also the fact that when a biscuit is dunked horizontally, with the biscuit submerged in the liquid, and the chocolate coating staying out of the liquid, the chocolate helps hold the biscuit together. Another factor influencing the equation is the temperature of the tea – the hotter the tea, the faster the sugar melts.The researchers also found that by dunking a biscuit into tea or coffee, up to ten times more flavour is released than if the biscuit is eaten dry. So it's worth experimentingyourself. If you are wondering how you can perfect the horizontal dunk, the researchers have come up with an idea for a biscuit-holding device to make dunking biscuits easier. They are even now working on producing a table giving guidelines on dunking times for different types of biscuits.On that note, I think it's time to go off to the canteen for a tea break!。
新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit 3
新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit 3Lesson 1Part 1 Meeting on the StreetSue: You look like you’re in a hurry!Kim: I am. I’ve got to get 50 color copies made a.s.a.p. I hope they can do a rush job.Sue: They must get requests like that all the time.Kim: I sure ho pe so. But that’s not all.Sue: What else?Kim: Then I’ve got to get it all air expressed so it arrives in Singapore first thing Monday morning.Sue: I won’t keep you then. Actually, I’m in a bit of a hurry myself. I need to have the tailor putnew buttons on this jacket.Kim: OK. I’ll call you tonight.Sue: Great.Part 2 Items and ServicesConversation 1M1: Can you recommend a good dry-cleaner? I want to get my shirts done and I don’t like the place I’m for a good tailor. My new pants are too short.F2: You should take them to mine. I’m sure you could get them lengthened there.Conversation 3M: I wonder if you could help me with something. My camera isn’t working right. Do you know a good place for repairs?F: You can try Hoyt Camera. People say they’re very good.Conversation 4M: That’s a terrific painting. Where’d you get it?F: Oh, we bought that on our trip to New Zealand.M: Really! You should get it framed.F: I’d like to. Got any suggestions where to get that done?M: I’ll ask around.Part 3 Where to Get the ServicesJulia: Hi, I’m your new neighbor. I just moved into apartment number twelve. I’m Julia Frost.Mark: I’m Mark Fines. Welcome to the neighborhood. Let me know if you need anything.Julia: Actually, can you recommend a housecleaning serv ice? I’d like to get the apartment cleanedbefore I unpack.Mark: Sure. Almost everyone in the building uses Maid to Clean. They’re very honest.Julia: Great. And what about a copy service? I have to get some things copied before Monday.Mark: Go to Edison’s. It’s just down the street. They’re really fast.Julia: Edison’s for coping. And can you tell me where you get your car repaired?Mark: I always go to Tony’s Auto Repair. They’re not very efficient, but they’re extremely helpful. They’re around the corn er.Julia: And just one more question. Can you recommend a tailor?Mark: Sure. Sew Good is great for tailoring. Their work is excellent, and they’re very reasonable.They’re across the street.Julia: Thanks so much for your help. I appreciate it.Mark: No problem. See you around!Part 4 Having Things DonePassage 1 Paoding Carves up a CowOne time, a butcher named Paoding was commissioned to butcher a cow for King Hui. As he worked,his movements were graceful and faultless. The sound of the knife between the bones was like a whisper in the night. When Paoding was finished, the cow didn’t even know it was dead. The king said, “Your skill is amazing”. Paoding said, “It was nothing really. When I butcher a cow, it’s not skill that I use, it is the Dao.When I first took up the butcher’s trade, what I saw was the whole cow. But after I had been at it for a few years and butchered a good number of cows, what I saw was no longer the whole cow, but just its skeletal structure. Ever since then, I stopped using my eyes and used my mind instead, to intuit my way around the cow. The good cook changes knives every year, because he merely chops but doesn’t hack. Because I neitherhack nor chop, I have used this same knife for 19 years, and it’s still like new. My knife g lides in and out between the bone joints, moving as it pleases; so, the cow suffers no pain and in the end, doesn’t even knowit is dead.” The king was enlightened. He understood the good way of living one’s life. The complexities of life are like the skel etal structure of the cow, and those who don’t understand how to approach them end up running around in circles, wasting all their energy.Passage 2 The Beginning of StampsRowland Hill, a schoolmaster in England, was the first to put forward a proposal to use stamps. He thought it would be much easier for people to use stamps to cover postage. They could go to the nearby postoffice to buy stamps and put them on envelops before they sent the letters. The post office could simply put seals on the stamps so that people could not use the stamps again. In this way, the post office did not need to send postmen to collect postage. It only needed to send postmen to deliver letters. That was a good idea and the government finally accepted it.Passage 3 “Dry” Clea ningDespite its name, dry cleaning is actually not a dry process. Clothes are washed in liquid chemicals, but without water, and that is why the process became known as dry cleaning. But who came up with this idea, and how did it happen?The invention of dry cleaning was an accident. In 1855, a Frenchman named Jean Baptiste Jolly made a discovery: a lamp filled with kerosene fell on a greasy cloth in his home. Kerosene is a type of oil that burnswell. When the kerosene dried, the cloth was cleaner where the liquid had been.Based on this discovery, people began to use chemicals to clean clothes. But most of these chemicals, such as kerosene and gasoline, could easily catch on fire, so dry cleaning was very dangerous.In the 1930s, people started to use a new chemical called perchloroethylene, or perc for short. This chemicaldidn’t catch on fire easily, so it was much safer than the earlier ones. It is still used today by most dry cleaners.Lesson 2Part 1 Find a Good Courier ServiceSteve: Hey, Maya, can you recommend a courier service? I need to send this package.Maya: Sure, Steve. Why don’t you have Pack Express take care of it?Steve: Do you think that they can get it to Lima overnight?Maya: They must be able to. They have service all over South Ameri ca. They’re really reliable.Steve: I should have asked you for a recommendation earlier! Last week I used Aero Fast, but theywere expensive and not very efficient.Part 2 It is Urgent.Anna: Hello. Can I help you?Greg: I hope so. This photo is too small. Can you enlarge it?Anna: Absolutely.Greg: I need this done right away. Do you have express service?Anna: Sure. When do you need it?Greg: Well, can you do it in an hour? It’s urgent.Anna: Let me see…is 4:30 OK?Greg: It is great. Thanks. I really appreciate it.Part 3 News and IntroductionPassage 1 Book of the MonthHome and Family magazine talked to Pamela Darby, author of the new book Time Management. Here’s some of the advice that she gives:Making time for special treatments and things you enjoy is important. You make time for a lot of things that you don’t enjoy, like work and housecleaning. Choose something that you really like to have done, make an appointment, and go. You could get your nails done or have someone massage your back. The important thing is to choose something that you enjoy having done.Accept offers of help. People are so used to doing things on their own, that they don’t think aboutletting people help them. If someone asks, “How can I help?” tell them what you need done! For example, if you’re planning a class party for one of your children, get some of the other parents to bring food. When someone offers to watch the kids, let them do it.But, you don’t have to wait for people to offer to help. Assign responsibilities to oth er family members. Have your spouse drop off the dry cleaning on the way to work. Get your kids to help around the house. Even young children can be responsible for certain tasks, such as putting away their toys or setting the table. Passage 2 The Beginnings of Mass ProductionUntil the early twentieth century, the normal method of manufacturing was that one person produceda whole item. This system was transformed by Frederick W. Taylor, an American engineer who developed the theory of scientific management. His aim was to make factory work as fast and efficient as possible: increasing workers’ productivity in this way would mean that large quantities of goods could be manufactured cheaply.Taylor recommended that the manufacturing process should be broken down into tasks, and that workers should specialize in particular tasks, instead of making the whole item. Through this division of labor, each worker would become very good at certain activities. Henry Ford, the American car manufacturer, was the first i ndustrialist to base production on Taylor’s ideas. Although this approach keeps production costs to a minimum, it has been blamed for making factory work boring.Passage 3 Lost LuggageApproximately one airline passenger in every thousand arrives at their destination to find that some orall of their baggage has not arrived with them. For many passengers this means a wait of hours or days, with all the associated inconvenience, whilst the missing item is being located and forwarded. Others, less fortunate still, have to resign themselves to the fact that their bags are actually lost and, as the days turn into weeks, face the fact that they are unlikely ever to see them again.To prevent loss, or at least assist recovery, passengers are urged to make sure that identification tags are secure and up-to-date, an itinerary with addresses is enclosed and that bags are distinguishable from others of the same make. Airlines recommend the use of colored tape or large elasticated straps made specifically for this purpose.Lost or delayed luggage actually costs the world’s airlines over £6 billion per year. They get some ofthis back, however, by selling off those lost items which are never claimed by their rightful owners. After months of intensive tracking, airlines send hopelessly lost luggage to companies which sort the contents and then put them on sale at bargain prices. At one such company in Alabama, the leftovers of flying are laidout in a vast store, which has itself now become an attraction for tourists from all over the world. Who knows, they may even come across some of their own stuff.。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
unit 4Was Einstein a Space Alien?1Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his babyson Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albertfinally dozed off ... it was time to get up and go to work. He couldn't skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family.1.阿尔伯特 .爱因斯坦精疲力竭。
他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停，弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。
阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时，已是他起床上班的时候了。
他不能一天不上班，他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。
2Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a "Technical Expert,Third Class," Albert w orried about his mother. She was getting older andfrail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva. Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess;he had forgotten to comb it again.2.阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。
在快步去专利局上班的路上，他为母亲忧心忡忡。
母亲年纪越来越大，身体虚弱。
她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事，婆媳关系紧张。
新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文unit3
新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit 3Lesson 1Part 1 Meeting on the StreetSue: You look like you’re in a hurry!Kim: I am. I’ve got to get 50 color copies made I hope they can do a rush job.Sue: They must get requests like that all the time.Kim: I sure hope so. B ut that’s not all.Sue: What elseKim: Then I’ve got to get it all air expressed so it arrives in Singapore first thing Monday morning.Sue: I won’t keep you then. Actually, I’m in a bit of a hurry myself. I need to have the tailor putnew buttons on this jacket.Kim: OK. I’ll call you tonight.Sue: Great.Part 2 Items and ServicesConversation 1M1: Can you recommend a good dry-cleaner I want to get my shirts done and I don’tlike the place I’m for a good tailor. My new pants are too short.F2: You should take them to mine. I’m sure you could get them lengthened there. Conversation 3M: I wonder if you could help me with something. My camera isn’t working right. Do you know a goodplace for repairsF: You can try Hoyt Camera. People say they’re very good.Conversation 4M: That’s a terrific painting. Where’d you get itF: Oh, we bought that on our trip to New Zealand.M: Really! You should get it framed.F: I’d like to. Got any suggestions where to get that doneM: I’ll ask around.Part 3 Where to Get the ServicesJulia: Hi, I’m your new neighbor. I just moved into apartment number twelve. I’m Julia Frost.Mark: I’m Mark Fines. Welcome to the neighborhood. Let me know if you need anything. Julia: Actually, can you recommend a housecleaning service I’d like to get the apartment cleanedbefore I unpack.Mark: Sure. Almost everyone in the building uses Maid to Clean. They’re very honest. Julia: Great. And what about a copy service I have to get some things copied before Monday.Mark: Go to Edison’s. It’s just down the street. They’re really fast.Julia: Edison’s for coping. And can you tell me where you get your car repairedMark: I always go to Tony’s Auto Repair. They’re not very efficient, but they’re extremely helpful.They’re around the corner.Julia: And just one more question. Can you recommend a tailorMark: Sure. Sew Good is great for tailoring. Their work is excellent, and they’re very reasonable.They’re across the street.Julia: Thanks so much for your help. I appreciate it.Mark: No problem. See you around!Part 4 Having Things DonePassage 1 Paoding Carves up a CowOne time, a butcher named Paoding was commissioned to butcher a cow for King Hui. As he worked,his movements were graceful and faultless. The sound of the knife between the bones was like a whisper inthe night. When Paoding was finished, the cow didn’t even know it was dead. The king said, “Your skill isamazing”. Paoding said, “It was nothing really. When I butcher a cow, it’s notskill that I use, it is the Dao.When I first took up th e butcher’s trade, what I saw was the whole cow. But after I had been at it for a fewyears and butchered a good number of cows, what I saw was no longer the whole cow, but just its skeletalstructure. Ever since then, I stopped using my eyes and used my mind instead, tointuit my way around thecow. The good cook changes knives every year, because he merely chops but doesn’t hack. Because I neitherhack nor chop, I have used this same knife for 19 years, and it’s still like new. My knife glides in and outbetween the bone joints, moving as it pleases; so, the cow suffers no pain and in the end, doesn’t even knowit is dead.” The king was enlightened. He understood the good way of living one’s life. The complexities oflife are like the skeletal structure of the cow, and those who don’t understand how to approach them end uprunning around in circles, wasting all their energy.Passage 2 The Beginning of StampsRowland Hill, a schoolmaster in England, was the first to put forward a proposal to use stamps. Hethought it would be much easier for people to use stamps to cover postage. They could go to the nearby postoffice to buy stamps and put them on envelops before they sent the letters. The post office could simply putseals on the stamps so that people could not use the stamps again. In this way, the post office did not needto send postmen to collect postage. It only needed to send postmen to deliver letters. That was a good ideaand the government finally accepted it.Passage 3 “Dry” CleaningDespite its name, dry cleaning is actually not a dry process. Clothes are washed in liquid chemicals, butwithout water, and that is why the process became known as dry cleaning. But who came up with this idea,and how did it happenThe invention of dry cleaning was an accident. In 1855, a Frenchman named Jean Baptiste Jolly made adiscovery: a lamp filled with kerosene fell on a greasy cloth in his home. Kerosene is a type of oil that burnswell. When the kerosene dried, the cloth was cleaner where the liquid had been.Based on this discovery, people began to use chemicals to clean clothes. But most of these chemicals,such as kerosene and gasoline, could easily catch on fire, so dry cleaning was very dangerous.In the 1930s, people started to use a new chemical called perchloroethylene, or perc for short. This chemicaldidn’t catch on fire easily, so it was much safer than the earlier ones. It is still used today by most drycleaners.Lesson 2Part 1 Find a Good Courier ServiceSteve: Hey, Maya, can you recommend a courier service I need to send this package. Maya: Sure, Steve. Why don’t you have Pack Express take care of itSteve: Do you think that they can get it to Lima overnightMaya: They must be able to. They have service all over South America. They’re really reliable.Steve: I should have asked you for a recommendation earlier! Last week I used Aero Fast, but theywere expensive and not very efficient.Part 2 It is Urgent.Anna: Hello. Can I help youGreg: I hope so. This photo is too small. Can you enlarge itAnna: Absolutely.Greg: I need this done right away. Do you have express serviceAnna: Sure. When do you need itGreg: Well, can you do it in an hour It’s urgent.Anna: Let me see…is 4:30 OKGreg: It is great. Thanks. I really appreciate it.Part 3 News and IntroductionPassage 1 Book of the MonthHome and Family magazine talked to Pamela Darby, author of the new book Time Management. Here’ssome of the advice that she gives:Making time for special treatments and things you enjoy is important. You make time for a lot of thingsthat you don’t enjoy, like work and housecleaning. Choose something that you really like to have done,make an appointment, and go. You could get your nails done or have someone massage your back. Theimportant thing is to choose something that you enjoy having done.Accept offers of help. People are so used to doing things on their own, that they don’t think aboutletting people help them. If someone asks, “How can I help” tell them what you need done! For example,if you’re planning a class party for one of your children, get some of the other parents to bring food. Whensomeone offers to watch the kids, let them do it.But, you don’t have to wait for people to offer to help. Assign responsibilities to other family members.Have your spouse drop off the dry cleaning on the way to work. Get your kids to help around the house.Even young children can be responsible for certain tasks, such as putting away their toys or setting the table.Passage 2 The Beginnings of Mass ProductionUntil the early twentieth century, the normal method of manufacturing was that one person produceda whole item. This system was transformed by Frederick W. Taylor, an American engineer who developedthe theory of scientific management. His aim was to make factory work as fast and efficient as possible: increasing workers’ productivity in this way would mean that large quantities of goods could bemanufactured cheaply.Taylor recommended that the manufacturing process should be broken down into tasks, and that workersshould specialize in particular tasks, instead of making the whole item. Through this division of labor, eachworker would become very good at certain activities. Henry Ford, the American car manufacturer, was thefirst industrialist to base product ion on Taylor’s ideas. Although this approachkeeps production costs to aminimum, it has been blamed for making factory work boring.Passage 3 Lost LuggageApproximately one airline passenger in every thousand arrives at their destination to find that some orall of their baggage has not arrived with them. For many passengers this means a waitof hours or days,with all the associated inconvenience, whilst the missing item is being located and forwarded. Others, lessfortunate still, have to resign themselves to the fact that their bags are actuallylost and, as the days turn intoweeks, face the fact that they are unlikely ever to see them again.To prevent loss, or at least assist recovery, passengers are urged to make sure that identification tags aresecure and up-to-date, an itinerary with addresses is enclosed and that bags are distinguishable from othersof the same make. Airlines recommend the use of colored tape or large elasticatedstraps made specificallyfor this purpose.Lost or delayed luggage actually costs the world’s airlines over £ 6 billion per year. They get some ofthis back, however, by selling off those lost items which are never claimed by their rightful owners. Aftermonths of intensive tracking, airlines send hopelessly lost luggage to companies which sort the contentsand then put them on sale at bargain prices. At one such company in Alabama, the leftovers of flying are laidout in a vast store, which has itself now become an attraction for tourists from all over the world. Whoknows, they may even come across some of their own stuff.。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit
新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit Introduction本文档是关于新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit的文档。
该单元是大学英语综合教程中的一个听力练习单元，旨在提高学生的听力技巧和听力理解能力。
本文档将提供Unit中的听力原文，并按照Markdown文本格式进行输出。
Unit听力原文Section 1: DialoguesDialogue 1: Making an AppointmentA: Hi, is this Dr. Smith’s office?B: Yes, it is. How can I help you?A: I’d like to make an appointment to see Dr. Smith.B: Sure, when would you like to come in?A: Do you have any availability on Friday?B: Yes, we have a few openings in the morning. How about10 a.m.?A: That works for me. Can you please tell Dr. Smith that I will be a few minutes late?B: Sure, I’ll make a note of that. See you on Friday at 10 a.m.A: Thank you!Dialogue 2: Renting a CarA: Hi, I’m interested in renting a car for the weekend.B: Great! We have a variety of cars available. How long do you need it for?A: I’ll need it from Friday morning until Sunday evening.B: Alright. Do you have a preference for the size of the car?A: Not really, as long as it’s comfortable for four people.B: Alright, I have a sedan available that should fit your needs. Would you like to pick it up on Friday morning?A: Yes, that works for me. How much will it cost?B: The total cost for the weekend will be $150.A: Okay, I’ll take it. Thank you!Dialogue 3: Ordering FoodA: Hi, I’d like to place an order for delivery, please.B: Sure, what would you like to order?A: I’ll have a large pizza with pepperoni and mushrooms, and a side of garlic bread.B: Okay, anything else?A: Yes, I’ll also have a salad with Italian dressing.B: Alright, can I have your address, please?A: It’s 123 Green Street.B: And your phone number?A: 555-1234.B: Great! Your order will be delivered in about 30 minutes.A: Thank you!Section 2: MonologuesMonologue 1: Climate ChangeClimate change is one of the greatest challenges facing our planet today. It refers to the long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions caused by human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. These activities release large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere, trapping heat and leading to the warming of the Earth’s surface.The consequences of climate change are far-reaching. Rising global temperatures result in more extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves. This not only poses risks to human health and safety but also threatens ecosystems and biodiversity. Furthermore, the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers contributes to rising sea levels, resulting in increased coastal erosion and the displacement of communities living in low-lying areas.Addressing climate change requires international cooperation and collective action. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to renewable energy sources are crucial steps towards mitigating its effects. Additionally, initiatives to promote sustainable farming practices, protect forests, and conserve water resources are also necessary to adapt to the changing climate.It is important for individuals, communities, and governments to prioritize climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in order to ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.Conclusion本文档提供了新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit的文本输出。
综合教程3unit3
综合教程3unit3Unit 3: Living in the Digital AgeThe rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized the way we live, communicate, and work. We are now living in the digital age, where the Internet and digital devices have become an integral part of our daily lives. In this unit, we will explore the benefits and challenges of living in the digital age.One of the greatest advantages of living in the digital age is the ease and convenience it offers. With just a few clicks, we can access a wealth of information, communicate with people from all over the world, and complete tasks in a fraction of the time it would have taken in the past. The Internet has made it possible for us to shop online, pay bills, book flights, and even learn new skills without leaving our homes. This convenience has undoubtedly improved our quality of life and saved us valuable time and effort.Another benefit of the digital age is the connectivity it provides. Through social media platforms, we can connect with friends and family who are far away, share experiences, and keep up with the latest news. The Internet has also opened up new opportunities for collaboration and networking. It is now easier than ever to connect with like-minded individuals, join online communities, and participate in global conversations. This connectivity has fostered a sense of global citizenship and unity among people from different parts of the world.Additionally, the digital age has brought about significant advancements in the field of education. Online courses and e-learning platforms have made education accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds. Students no longer need to be physically present in a classroom to learn. They can access educational materials, participate in discussions, and complete assignments from anywhere in the world. This has expanded educational opportunities and democratized learning, allowing more people to gain knowledge and skills.However, living in the digital age also presents its share of challenges. One of the main concerns is the issue of privacy and security. With the amount of personal information we share online, there is an increased risk of identity theft, cyberbullying, and other forms of online harassment. It is crucial for individuals to be vigilant and take necessary precautions to protect their privacy and security in the digital world.Another challenge is the digital divide. While many people have access to the Internet and digital devices, there are still those who are left behind due to various factors such as socioeconomic status or geographical location. This divide prevents equal opportunities for everyone to benefit from the advantages of the digital age. Efforts should be made to bridge this divide and ensure that everyone has access to the digital tools and resources they need. Furthermore, the constant use of digital devices and the Internet has led to a decline in face-to-face interactions and physical activities. People spend more time in front of screens, leading to sedentary lifestyles and health issues such as obesity and eye strain. It is essential to find a balance between the digital world and the real world and to prioritize human connections and physical well-being.In conclusion, living in the digital age has greatly transformed our lives, offering convenience, connectivity, and educational opportunities. However, it also poses challenges such as privacy and security concerns, the digital divide, and the impact on personal interactions and health. It is important for individuals and society as a whole to navigate the digital age responsibly, taking advantage of its benefits while addressing its challenges.。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译和课后习题答案 Unit 3
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6 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme, one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction.
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8 The third plane on which music exists is the sheerly musical plane. Besides the pleasurable sound of music and the expressive feeling that it gives off, music does exist in terms of the notes themselves and of their manipulation. Most listeners are not sufficiently conscious of this third plane.
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Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译概要
unit 5 Writing Three Thank-You LettersAlex Haley served in the Coast Guard during World War ll. On an especially lonely day to be at sea -- Thanksgiving Day -- he began to give serious thought to a holiday that has become, for many Americans, a day of overeating and watching endless games of football. Haley decided to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving by writing three very special letters.亚历克斯·黑利二战时在海岸警卫队服役。
出海在外，时逢一个倍感孤寂的日子――感恩节，他开始认真思考起这一节日的意义。
对许多美国人而言，这个节日已成为大吃大喝、没完没了地看橄榄球比赛的日子。
黑利决定写三封不同寻常的信，以此来纪念感恩节的真正意义。
Writing Three Thank-You LettersAlex Haley 1 It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U. S. coastguardsman. My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days. Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods. The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks. Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.写三封感谢信亚利克斯·黑利那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。
英语听力教程unit3听力原文
Unit 3 听力原文Part IBSam: I won’ t be able to do the exam tomorrow. I just don’ t feel that I ’ m ready. Counselor: You say that you don’ t feel ready for tomorrow ’ s exam ... what do youfeel like right nowSam: Well, I ’ m angry with myself because I ’ m going to have to quit the exam and, well, I guess I ’ m anxious. Yes, I feel very anxious.Counselor: Whenyou think about this anxiety, what image do you have of yourselfSam: Well, I see myself trying to explain to my Dad why I didn ’ t make the gradeon this course ... and I see him getting angry ... and, well, I start to feel I ’ ve let him down again.Counselor: You don ’ t feel ready for your exam, you feel anxious and you don ’ t want to let your Dad down again. Tell me about the last time you let your Dad down. Sam: Oh, well, it was a year ago ... He ’ d entered me for a chess competition andI got knocked out in the first match ... he was angry because he ’ d told all hisfriends how good I was.Counselor: What did you tell him ... as an explanation when you lost the chessgameSam: I told him that I wasn ’ t ready to play in that league.Counselor: And now you are preparing to tell him that you ’ re not ready to sit thisexaminationSam: Yes, I suppose I am.Counselor: . Sam, so what you are saying to me is that you feel reluctant to takethe exam tomorrow because you do not like the thought of having to explain a poor grade or a failure to your father. Is that right, Sam Sam: Yes. That ’ s exactly it.C1.A: When I read in English, I always want to understand every single word and soI spend a lot of time looking words up in my dictionary. This makes reading difficultfor me because by the time I ’ ve looked up the word in my dictionary, I ’ ve forgotten what the rest of the sentence was about. That ’ s my trouble really —I rely toomuch on my dictionary.8:Well, why don ’ t you try to read a text without using your dictionary the first time you read it You ’ ll probably be able to understand most of it and guess what some of the words mean.2.A: I have to read a lot of books and articles in English for my work —I ’ m a consultant in business management. What I find most difficult is finding the main point in an article or a paragraph. I always try to take notes when I ’ m reading and so sometimes I find that I ’ m almost copying out the whole article because I can’ t decide what the really important points are.8:It might help if you read through the book or article very quickly first just to get an idea of what it ’ s about.I think it ’ s difficult to read something for the first time and take notes as well.3.A: I like reading novels and short stories in my own language and in English, but there ’ s one thing I find very difficult in English. I ’ m never quite sure ifthe writer is being serious or not. Several times I ’ ve read something I thoughtwas serious and later I ’ ve found out it was supposed to be funny.B: I have exactly the same problem. I suppose the only thing to do is to read as much as possible. Then one day perhaps we’ ll understand the British sense of humor. 4. A: I have to read a lot in English in my studies and this is causing me problems. I read too slowly in English. Do you think I can train myself to read quickly and at the same time understand what I ’ m readingB: Well, there are special courses in speed reading, I think. But you could probably help yourself if you set yourself a time limit and try to read as much as you can within the time. I ’ ve done that and it ’ s helped me a lot. Part n (Part I)Yes, the teacher I remember best was a teacher I had for French when I was at school ... er ... er ... Many years ago - more years than I care to remember, I ’ m afraid. Yes, I studied French with him for, um, ooh, let me see, it must have been five years, because I had him when I was in my first year there, when I was thirteen,and he was the main French teacher till I left. It was mainly because of him thatI went on to study languages — French and German — at university. I mean, French was really the first language I ever learned. Well, I don ’ t count Latin, becauseI never managed to speak any Latin at all. Er, well, this ... this teacher didn ’ t make it easy ... he didn ’ t make it easy at all, but I found that with him I really learned a lot.When I think back, I ... don ’ t really know why I liked him so much, because he was very strict with us. He made us work very hard — I mean, lots of grammar exercises, vocabulary tests, that sort of thing — er, and he wasn’ t very friendly either, for the first two or three years. Oh, as well as that, he didn ’ t reallytry to make the classes interesting — I mean, no ... no video, of course, in those days, no cassettes ... but, er, we had a few films in French every term. No, in fact, the only time we really practiced trying to speak French was, er, was with the wife of one of the music teachers, who was French, er, and she gave us an hour ’ s conversation class every week. But, you know, because of that man — some people might say in spite of him ... no, that wouldn ’ t be fair, no — but quite a lot ofus began to like France and the French a lot, and, er, to visit France in the summer holidays to see it for ourselves. (Part II)Yes, I think with him I learned that when you learn a foreign language ... it ' s, it ... well, it ' s like opening a door or a wi ndow into a foreigncountry. And that ’ s good for you, I think, because you begin to see that the way they do things and think in your country is, um, isn ’ t necessarily the only wayor, indeed, the best way.It ’ s funny, I still have a very clear picture of that teacher. He was English but he didn ’ t look English somehow, ‘ cos he had very, very black hair and verydark eyes, and he wore glasses with black frames, but you could see his eyes verywell, and everyone in the class always had the feeling that he was looking at them.And he had very thick, bushy eyebrows that made him look very, er, very serious.Yes, I remember he was very musical —played the piano very well and sang.Now, he was quite a good rugby and tennis player. Great family man, too. He had three children and a very interesting wife. I suppose he must have been in his thirties when I knew him ...Part 出Children of a Decadekeep in touch with ：保持联系soak ：浸泡come to ：到达; 共计; 突然想起put sb. off ：使人离开、气馁bring tears to ：使落泪emblazon ：颂扬，盛饰decade ：十年teddy ：妇女连衫衬裤chap ：小伙子，小家伙，家伙Lake District ：湖区porridge ：粥; 麦片粥; 稀饭incident ：事件，事变goody-goody ：会巴结的人hymn ：赞美诗;圣歌homesick ：思乡病favorite ：中意的worst ：最坏的marvelous ：非凡的; 神乎其神shy ：害羞的stupid ：笨Presenter: In this edition of our series “ Children of a Decade” I ’ ll be talkingto Jack Thompson, who was born in 1940, and to Shirley Sutton, who was born in 1930. First of all, Jack, thanks for joining us. Perhaps ...Jack: Not at all.Presenter: Perhaps you ’ d tell us about your memories of your first holiday away from homeJack: Oh ... yes ... um ... at age ten I think it was, yes, I went to stay with anaunt at the seaside. Well, it wasn’ t a very happy experience. I felt very homesick at first.Presenter: Mmm. And what about your first day at school, can you remember thatJack: Yes, I can. Er ... er ... I was five years old and I wanted to take all mytoys with me but ... er ... they wouldn ’ t let me. In the end it was agreed thatI could take my teddy ... er ... but only on the first day.Presenter: Oh, I see. Your school days, were they happy onesJack: Well ... er ... I didn ’ t have a very good time at school —I wasn ’ t verybright, you see. And the teachers didn ’ t seem to like me, but ... er ... I madea lot of friends and some of them I still keep in touch with. One of them I married. Presenter: Oh, that ’ s wonderful. Well, did you have a favorite teacherJack: Miss Robinson ... or was it ... no, it was Miss Robson. My first teacher, that ’ sright yeah ...very kind. Marvelous storyteller.Presenter: And who was your worst teacherJack: Mr. Goodman, that ’ s right. We used to call him “ Goody” . Yeah, he pulled your ear if you madea mistake or talked in class. Yeah, my left ear is still bigger, look.Presenter: Ha ha. Perhaps you can tell us about your last day at schoolJack: My last day, oh yeah, that ’ s emblazoned on my mind. Oh, I wanted to get my own back you see on old Mr. Goodman —the chap we used to call ... er ... “ Goody”—so I put this bucket of water over the classroom door but it fell on him and he got soaked, you see. Ha ha. I ’ ve never seen anyone so angry. Oh, it was a good one, that.Presenter: Thank you very much, Jack. And now Shirley.Shirley: Yes.Presenter: Now, can you tell me about your first holiday away from homeShirley: Oh yes ... er ... yes ... er ... at the age of eight it was. We went on holiday to the Lake District. Westayed at alittle guest house, just meand my parents. Er ... I remember we had ... er ... honey for breakfast with ... er ... thetoast and ... oh ... and porridge —I hated it.Presenter: That sounds lovely Oh, porridge, you hated itShirley: Ha ha.Presenter: Well, what about your first day at schoolShirley: Well, I ... I ... I don ’ t remember any special incidents ... er .................. O h,I was very frightened and shy at first ... er ... I ... I know that, I can remember, but I soon came to enjoy school.Presenter: So your school days, were they happyShirley: Oh yes, I loved school! Oh, I was sorry when half-term came and... and whenthe holidays came. Oh, perhaps this was because I was a bit of a goody-goody.Presenter: And what about your teachers Did you have a favoriteShirley: I did, yes. I remember her well, she was called Miss Brown and she was our history teacher. Oh, she really made history come to life, she really did.Presenter: Were there any bad moments Did you have a worst teacherShirley: Aye, I did and I can remember her name too. Her name was Mrs. Sharpe and she taught math. Oh, shehad no patience. I wasn ’ t all that good at math and shealways said to me, “ You stupid girl! ” It put me off math for life.Presenter: Oh, what a shame.Shirley: I know.Presenter: Perhaps you could tell me about your last day at schoolShirley: Oh yes, well, I ’ m afraid I cried. We sang our favorite hymn at the end of the term and I cried. It brought the tears to my eyes.Presenter: Oh, and it ’ s bringing a tear to my eye now. Thank you very much.Shirley: Thank you.Presenter: And thank you too, Jack Thompson, thank you very much. Next week we’ ll be hearing from two people who were born in 1920 and 1910. So from me, Libby Freeman, good-bye.Part IVSchool reportschool report ：学生成绩报告单safety ：安全quality ：质量empowered ：授权; 准许; 使能够involvement ：投入，介入guarantee ：保障superior ：（级别、地位）较高的; （在质量等方面）较好的;（数量）较多的; 上...concentrate ：集中comment ：评论intelligent ：聪明的;[ 计] 智能的give up on sb ：放弃biology ：生物学; 生物well above ：好于guide back ：保证geography ：地理（学）oral ：口头go to pieces ：零散average ：平均positive ：积极come bottom ：打底attitude ：态度look on the bright side ：看好的一面hockey ：曲棍球Mrs. Daniels: Oh, hello, you must be Tracey ’ s parents Mr. Thompson: Er, yes. Are you her class teacher, Mrs. DanielsMrs. Daniels: Yes, that ’ s right. Now, just let mefind mynotes. As you know I don’ t actually teach Tracey, but I do see her every day before classes begin. Is there anything you want to ask meMr. Thompson: Well, yes, to be honest we ’ re a bit worried about her last report-- she doesn ’ t seem to be doing as well as she was.Mrs. Daniels: Well now, let ’ s see. Oh, yes, her math teacher says she ’ s finding the work more difficult now that they ’ re getting near to the exams. Mrs. Thompson: I was never any good at math.Mrs. Daniels: And Dr. Baker feels that Tracey isn ’ t concentrating very hard in biology lessons.Mrs. Thompson: Oh, but she really likes biology and she ’ s so good at drawing.Mrs. Daniels: Yes, but even in art her teacher thinks she tends to spend too muchtime talking to her friends. In fact, several of her teachers have told me that sheisn ’ t giving in her homework. Mr. Brock has complained to me that he hasn a single piece of geography homework from her all term.Mr. Thompson: Yes, we don ’ t know what to do about it. She doesn ’ t seem to beinterested in school any more.Mrs. Daniels: I don ’ t think we should give up on her. Tracey ’ s a very intelligent girl. In English her marks are well above the average and her teacher says she always has a lot to say in lessons. Mrs. Thompson: Yes, that ’ s part of Tracey ’ s trouble. She talks too much.Mrs. Daniels: Well, nevertheless, oral skills are very important and if we can allguide her back to a more positive attitude to school work, she’ ll do very well.Mr. Thompson: Well I hope so. I ’ m very disappointed in her. She was doing so well, especially in English and French, and now everything seems to be going to pieces. She came bottom of the class in French this term. ’ s not because she can ’ t do French — she just prefers to least she ’ s doing well in sport. She ’ s in the hockey team and t lost a single match this year!’ s nice to know she does something well.Mrs. Daniels: Oh, come now, Mr. Thompson, let ’ s look on the bright side.Part V Memory test: Study HabitsMan: Do you find that you get a lot of students asking you for advice about revision techniquesWoman: Well, yes, I mean, they do, but, when they ’ ve got quite big exams comingup, (yeah), you know I really find it quite a problem because (pause) (laugh) well, I don ’ t have to revise myselfvery often these days, and ... but when I ... whenI was at university, erm I mean, well, it just seems to be a matter of what suits one person doesn ’ t suit another. (Oh yeah) I mean, because, well, the girl I shared a house with at university. Now she worked, erm, she used to get up amazingly late, and, er, she didn ’ t really start work until, er, in the evening I think, an ’ , then she liked to have rock music on really loud an ’ she used to, you know, play records really loud right through until sort of very late at night, you know, into the small hours (Oh God!) and I was, sort of, well I was just the opposite and er, well, theonly way I could ever get any work done was to make myself wake up incredibly early and well, then work a bit and have some breakfast and, then, well, you know, I’ dsort of potter about a bit and then I ’ d go and do my shopping and things, well that ’ dbe about getting on towards midday, but then in the afternoon I’ d have a rest andwhen I woke up I ’ d think about eating and I suppose I ’ d call that my supper, and but, er, I mean she was, Imean, it was her lunch or even her brunch that she was having at that time.Man: Yeah, yeah, I suppose I ’ m a bit like you really. I like to get up fairly early, say around seven, might have a cup of coffee, and... before I started get myself totally organized so that I knew ... exactly what I was doing, get it all organized, and then work solidly, well maybe do six hours revision without stopping and that was the only way I could do it.Woman: Yes, yes, and would you say to yourself, you know, er,“ well, I ’ m gonnado six hours today and I ’ m not gonna, go, I ’ m not gonna have any fun until I done six hours, ”Man: Yeah, it was very much like that, erm, an unpleasant thing that you had to regulate.Woman: Mmm.I mean, well, I just hate revising anyway, I mean, you know I hate that sort of thing, I mean, and in fact, I did very little solid, sensible work, and, er ... what I ’ d do is, because I was doing literature, I used to re-read the novels, you know, on the course, and I ’ d have ... erm ... classical music on the radio, because well I used to find that I used to get very bored if there was just nothing, you know nothing at all in the background. Man: Yes, I think of the people who do revise, there are two sorts, there are those who ... work almost by topic, they select a topic, and plough through it regardless, and then, there are, there are those who set themselves a time limitt had Mrs. Daniels: Well it chat in English! At you know we haven ’ Mr. Thompson: Well, itveof an amount to be done rather than working through a specific topic regardless of the limit ... of time ... as I say ...。
综合英语教程3课文听力
综合英语教程3课文听力The following is a summary of the listening text from Unit 3 of Integrated English Course 3:The listening text titled "A World of Work" discusses the changing nature of work and the skills required in the modern workplace. The text begins by highlighting the significant changes that have occurred in the world of work in recent years. It mentions globalization, automation, and technological advancements as the main drivers of these changes.The first part of the text focuses on the idea of lifelong learning and the importance of adapting to the evolving job market. The speaker explains that in today's fast-paced world, individuals need to continuously update their skills to remain competitive. Lifelong learning involves not only acquiring new knowledge but also developing transferable skills such as problem-solving, creativity, and adaptability.Furthermore, the text emphasizes the increasing demand for soft skills in the workplace. These skills, which include communication, teamwork, and leadership, are sought after by employers as they facilitate collaboration and innovation. The speaker advises listeners to develop these skills through extracurricular activities and internships, as they provide valuable opportunities for growth. Another important topic mentioned in the text is the concept of a portfolio career. The speaker explains that a portfolio career involves working in multiple part-time or freelance roles rather than having a traditional full-time job. This approach offersindividuals greater flexibility and allows them to pursue their passions and interests. However, it also requires strong self-management skills and the ability to market oneself effectively.The text also touches upon the issue of job satisfaction. The speaker emphasizes the importance of finding fulfilling work and encourages listeners to consider their values, interests, and strengths when choosing a career. The text suggests that individuals should not solely focus on financial rewards but also seek opportunities that align with their personal values and provide a sense of purpose.Lastly, the text concludes by discussing the emerging trends in the job market, such as the rise of remote work and the gig economy. The speaker highlights the advantages and challenges associated with these trends, including increased flexibility and the need for self-discipline and time management skills.Overall, the listening text presents a comprehensive overview of the changing world of work and the skills and attitudes required to thrive in it. It emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning, soft skills, job satisfaction, and adaptability in the modern workplace. By understanding and embracing these concepts, individuals can better navigate the evolving job market and find fulfillment in their careers.。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文原文
We all listen to music according to our separate capacities.But, for the sake of analysis, the whole listening process may become clearer if we break it up into its component parts, so to speak.In certain sense we all listen to music on three separate planes.For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: 1) the sensuous plane, 2) the expressive plane, 3) the sheerly musical plane.The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into these hypothetical planes is the clearer view to be had of the way in which we listen.The simplest way of listening to music is to listen for the sheer pleasure of the musical sound itself.That is the sensuous plane.It is the plane on which we hear music without thinking, without considering it in any way.One turns on the radio while doing something else andabsent-mindedly bathes in the sound.A kind of brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music.The surprising thing is that many people who consider themselves qualified music lovers abuse that plane in listening.They go to concerts in order to lose themselves.They use music as a consolation or an escape.They enter an ideal world where one doesn’t have to think of the realities of everyday life.Of course they aren’t thinking about the music either.Music allows them to leave it, and they go off to a place to dream, dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quite listening to it.Yes, the sound appeal of music is a potent and primitive force, but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest.The sensuous plane is an important one in music, a very important one, but it does not constitute the whole story.The second plane on which music exists is what I have called the expressive one.Here, immediately, we tread on controversial posers have a way of shying away from any discussion of music’s expressive side.Did not Stravinsky himself proclaim that his music was an “object”, a “thing”, with a lif e of its own, and with no other meaning than its own purely musical existence?This intransigent attitude of Stravinsky’s may be due to the fact that so many people have tried to read different meanings into so many pieces.Heaven knows it is difficult enough to say precisely what it is that a piece of music means, to say it definitely to say it finally so that everyone is satisfied with your explanation.But that should not lead one to the other extreme of denying to music the right to be “expressive”.Listen, if you can,to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-tempered Clavichore.Listen to each theme, one after another.You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling.You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction.Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one.You will be able, on other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme.Now study the sad one a little closer.Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness.Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?Let us suppose that you are fortunate and can describe to your own satisfaction in so many words the exact meaning of your chosen theme.There is still no guarantee that anyone else will be satisfied.Nor need theybe.The important thing is that each one feels for himself the specific expressive quality of a theme or, similarly, an ent ire piece of music.And if it is a great work of art, don’t expect it to mean exactly the same thing to you each time you return to it.The third plane on which music exists is the sheerly musical plane.Besides the pleasurable sound of music and the expressive feeling that it gives off, music does exist in terms of the notes themselves and of their manipulation.Most listeners are not sufficiently conscious of this third plane.It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane.After all, an actual musical material is being used.The intelligent listener must be prepared to increase his awareness of the musical material and what happens to it.He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion.But above all he must, in order to follow the line of the composer’s thought, know something of the principles of musical form.Listening to all of these elements is listening to the sheerly musical plane.Let me repeat that I have split up mechanically the three separate planes on which we listen merely for the sake of greater clarity. Actually, we never listen on one or the other of these planes.What we do is to correlate them—listening in all three ways at the same time.It takes no mental effort, for we do it instinctively Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctive correlation clearer.In the theater, you are aware of the actors and actresses, costumes and sets, sounds and movements.All these give one the sense that the theater is a pleasant place to be in.They constitute the sensuous plane in our theatrical reactions.The expressive plane in the theater would be derived from the feeling that you get from what is happening on the stage.You are moved to pity, excitement, or gaiety.It is this general feeling, generated aside from the particular words being spoken, a certain emotional something which exists on the stage,that isanalogous to the expressive quality in music.The plot and plot development is equivalent to our sheerly musical plane.The playwright creates and develops a character in just the same way that a composer creates and develops a theme.According to the degree of your awareness of the way in which the artist in either field handles his material will you become a more intelligent listener.It is easy enough to see that the theatergoer never is conscious of any of these elements separately.He is aware of them all at the same time.The same is true of music listening.We simultaneously and without thinking listen on all three planes.It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when i nformed that they will someday have to “go to work andmake a living”. The problem is that they cannot visualize what work is in corporate Am erica.Not so long ago, when a parent said he was off to work, the child knew very well what was about to happen. His parent was going to make something or fix something. T he parent could take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch while he re paired a buggy or built a table.When a child asked, “What kind of work do you do, Daddy?” his father could an swer in terms that a child could come to grips with, such as “I fix steam engines” or “I make horse collars.Well, a few fathers still fix steam engines and build tables, but most do not. Nowa days, most fathers sit in glass buildings doing things that are absolutely incomprehensib le to children. The answers they give when asked, “What kind of work do you do, Dadd y?” are likely to be utterlymystifying to a child.”I sell space””I do market research.”,”I am a data processor.””I am in public rel ations.””I am a systems analyst” Suchexplanations must seem nonsense to a child. How can he possibly envision anyone analy zing a system or researching a market?Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man does with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a space salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.In the common everyday job, nothing is made any more. Things are now made b y machines. Very little is repaired. The machines that makethings make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart in such a way that r epairs will be prohibitively expensive. Thus the buyer isencouraged to throw the thing away and buy a new one. In effect, the machines are mak ing junk.The handful of people remotely associated withthese machines can, of course, tell their inquisitive children “Daddy makes junk”. Most of the workforce, however, is too remote from junkproduction to sense any contribution to the industry. What do these people do?Consider the typical 12-story glass building in the typical American city. Nothing is being made in this building and nothing is being repaired, including the building its elf. Constructed as a piece of junk, the building will be discarded when it wears out, a nd another piece of junk will be set in its place.Still, the building is filled with people who think of themselves as working. At a ny given moment during the day perhaps one-third of them will be talking into teleph ones. Most of these conversations will be about paper, for paper is what occupies nearl y everyone in this building. Somejobs in the building require men to fill paper with words. There are persons who type neatly on paper and persons who read paper and jot notes in the margins. Some perso ns make copies of paper and other persons deliver paper. There are persons who file p aper and persons who unfile paper.Some persons mail paper. Some persons telephone other persons and ask that p aper be sent to them. Others telephone to ascertain thewhereabouts of paper. Some persons confer about paper. In the grandest offices, men approve of some paper and disapprove of other paper.The elevators are filled throughout the day with young men carrying paper fro m floor to floor and with vital men carrying paper to bediscussed with other vital men.What is a child to make of all this? His father may be so eminent that he lunche s with other men about paper. Suppose he brings his son towork to give the boy some idea of what work is all about. What does the boy see hap pening?His father calls for paper. He reads paper. Perhaps he scowls at paper. Perhaps he makes an angry red mark on paper. He telephones another man and says they had better lunch over paper.At lunch they talk about paper. Back at the office, the father orders the paper r etyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and then sent toanother man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year.Imagine his poor son afterwards mulling over the mysteries of work with a frie nd, who asks him, ”What’s your father do?” What can the boy reply? “It beats me,” p erhaps, if he is not very observant. Or if he is, “Something that has to do with making junk, I think. Same as everybodyelse.”It was snowing heavily, and although every true New Yorker looks forward to a white Christmas, the shoppers on Fifth Avenue were in a hurry, not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bitter cold and get home with their families for Christmas Eve.Josh Lester turned into 46th Street. He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit, because he was still at work, albeit a working dinner at Joanne's. Josh was black, in his early thirties, and an agreeable-looking person, dressed smartly but not expensively. He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia, and was probably happiest back home in his parents' house. But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC with a congressman, a junior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to think on his feet. Josh was very smart.The appointment meant Josh wouldn't get home until after Christmas. He was not, however, unhappy. He was meeting Jo Rogers, the senior senator for Connecticut, and one of the best-known faces in the US. Senator Rogers was a Democrat in her third term of office, who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had nevertheless managed to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as fine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. Talk show hosts called her Honest Senator Jo, and a couple of years ago, Time magazine had her in the running for Woman of the Year. It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democratic nomination. Rogers had met Josh in DC, thought him highly competent, and had invited him to dinner.Josh shivered as he checked the address on the slip of paper in his hand. He'd never been to Joanne's, but knew it by reputation, not because of its food, which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had a guest slot for awell-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality of its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers.Josh told him, and although the waiter refrained from curling his lip, he managed to show both disdain and effortless superiority with a simple flaring of his nostrils.“Yes, Senator, please come this way,” and as Senator Rogers passed through the crowded room, heads turned as the diners recognized her and greeted her with silent applause. In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague.After two hours, Rogers and Josh got up to leave. There was a further flurry of attention by the staff, including an offer by Alberto to waive payment of the bill, which Rogers refused. As they were putting on their coats, Rogers said, “Thank you, Alberto. Oh, have I introduced you to my com panion, Josh Lester?”A look of panic, followed by one of desperate optimism flashed across Alberto's face.“Ah, not yet, no, ... not properly, ” he said weakly.“Josh Lester. This is the latest recruit to my election campaign. He's going to be my new deputy campaign manager, in charge of raising donations. And if we get that Republican out of the White House next year, you've just met my Chief of Staff.”It came as if from nowhere.There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center. We were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion. Some guys were sweating like pigs. Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. Quite a few were breathing heavily. Others were raring to go. All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell was going on. We'd been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere close to done. Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but we hadn't made a dent.And then the noise started, and the building began to tremble, and we all froze. Dead solid still. Whatever there had been left to do would now have to wait. For what, we had no idea, but it would wait. Or, it wouldn't, but that wasn't the point. The point was that no one was moving. To a man, no one moved, except to lift his eyes to the ceiling, to see where the racket was coming from. As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. No one spoke. There wasn't time to turn thought into words, even though there was time to think. For me anyway, there was time to think, too much time to think, and my thoughts were all over the place. Every possibleworst-case scenario, and a few more besides. The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk, but it was the rumble that struck me still with fear. The sheer volume of it. The way it coursed right through me. I couldn't think what the hell would make a noise like that. Like a thousand runaway trains speeding towards me. Like a herd of wild beasts. Like the thunder of a rockslide. Hard to put it into words, but whatever the hell it was it was gaining speed, and gathering force, and getting closer, and I was stuck in the middle, unable to get out of its path.It's amazing, the kind of thing you think about when there should be no time to think. I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-before-my-eyes sort of way. I thought about the job, how close I was to making deputy. I thought about the bagels I had left on the kitchen counter back at the firehouse. I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, "I'll see you at the big one." Or, "We'll all meet at the big one." I never knew how it started, or when I'd picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand.Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there'll be another one bigger, somewhere down the road. We'll make it through this one, and we'll make it through that one, too. I always said it, at big fires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again, because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about, all our lives, and if I hadn't known this before –just before these chilling moments – this sick, black noise now confirmed it.I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking maybe if I understood what was happening I could steel myself against it. All of these thoughts were landing in my brain in a kind of flashpoint, one on top of the other and all at once, but there they were. And each thought landed fully formed, as if there might be time to act on each, when in truth there was no time at all.Richard Picciotto (also known as Pitch) was in the north tower of the World Trade Center when it collapsed in theaftermath of the massive terrorist attack on 11 September 2001. A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the scene of the disaster within minutes of the attack, to lead seven companies of firefighters into the tower to help people trapped and to extinguish fires blazing everywhere.The north tower was the first of the twin towers to be hit. It was followed 17 minutes later by the south tower. The south tower, however, was the first to collapse, at 9:59 am. At that moment, Picciotto was in the north tower, racing upwards by the stairs because the elevators were out of action. He then gave the order to evacuate. On the 12th story he came across 50 people amid the debris, too badly hurt or frightened to move. Picciotto and his men helped them down. When he reached the seventh floor, the tower fell, and he was buried beneath thousands of tons of rubble. He eventually came round four hours later, leading his men to safety.Picciotto was the highest ranking firefighter to survive the attack. The chief of the department, the first deputy and the chief of rescue operations had all been killed. Altogether the death toll included 343 firefighters and more than 3,000 civilians.Toast always lands butter side down. It always rains on bank holidays. You never win the lottery, but other people you know seem to ... Do you ever get the impression that you were born unlucky? Even the most rational person can be convinced at times that there is a force out there making mishaps occur at the worst possible time. We all like to believe that Murphy's Law is true。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文原文
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文原文We all listen to music according to our separate capacities.But, for the sake of analysis, the whole listening process may become clearer if we break it up into its component parts, so to speak.In certain sense we all listen to music on three separate planes.For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: 1) the sensuous plane, 2) the expressive plane, 3) the sheerly musical plane.The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into these hypothetical planes is the clearer view to be had of the way in which we listen.The simplest way of listening to music is to listen for the sheer pleasure of the musical sound itself.That is the sensuous plane.It is the plane on which we hear music without thinking, without considering it in any way.One turns on the radio while doing something else andabsent-mindedly bathes in the sound.A kind of brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music.The surprising thing is that many people who consider themselves qualified music lovers abuse that plane in listening.They go to concerts in order to lose themselves.They use music as a consolation or an escape.They enter an ideal world where one doesn’t have to think of the realities of everyday life.Of course they aren’t thinking about the music either.Music allows them to leave it, and they go off to a place to dream, dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quite listening to it.Yes, the sound appeal of music is a potent and primitive force, but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest.The sensuous plane is an important one in music, a very important one, but it does not constitute the whole story.The second plane on which music exists is what I have called the expressive one.Here, immediately, we tread on controversial posers have a way of shying away from any discussion of m usic’s expressive side.Did not Stravinsky himself proclaim that his music was an “object”, a “thing”, with a life of its own, and with no other meaning than its own purely musical existence?This intransigent attitude of Stravinsky’s may be due to the fact that so many people have tried to read different meanings into so many pieces.Heaven knows it is difficult enough to say precisely what it is that a piece of music means, to say it definitely to say it finally so that everyone is satisfied with your explanation.But that should not lead one to the other extreme of denying to music the right to be “expressive”.Listen, if you can,to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-tempered Clavichore.Listen to each theme, one after another.You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling.You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction.Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one.You will be able, on other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme.Now study the sad one a little closer.Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness.Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?Let us suppose that you are fortunate and can describe to your own satisfaction in so many words the exact meaning of your chosen theme.There is still no guarantee that anyone else will be satisfied.Nor need theybe.The important thing is that each one feels for himself the specific expressive quality of a theme or, similarly, an entire piece of music.And if it is a great work of art, don’t expect it to mean exactly the same thing to you each time you return to it.The third plane on which music exists is the sheerly musical plane.Besides the pleasurable sound of music and the expressive feeling that it gives off, music does exist in terms of the notes themselves and of their manipulation.Most listeners are not sufficiently conscious of this third plane.It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane.After all, an actual musical material is being used.The intelligent listener must be prepared to increase his awareness of the musical material and what happens to it.He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion.But above all he must, in order to follow the line of the composer’s thought, know something of the principles of musical form.Listening to all of these elements is listening to the sheerly musical plane.Let me repeat that I have split up mechanically the three separate planes on which we listen merely for the sake of greater clarity. Actually, we never listen on one or the other of these planes.What we do is to correlate them—listening in all three ways at the same time.It takes no mental effort, for we do it instinctively Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctive correlation clearer.In the theater, you are aware of the actors and actresses, costumes and sets, sounds and movements.All these give one the sense that the theater is a pleasant place to be in.They constitute the sensuous plane in our theatrical reactions.The expressive plane in the theater would be derived from the feeling that you get from what is happening on the stage.You are moved to pity, excitement, or gaiety.It is this general feeling, generated aside from the particular words being spoken, a certain emotional something which exists on the stage,that isanalogous to the expressive quality in music.The plot and plot development is equivalent to our sheerly musical plane.The playwright creates and develops a character in just the same way that a composer creates and develops a theme.According to the degree of your awareness of the way in which the artist in either field handles his material will you become a more intelligent listener.It is easy enough to see that the theatergoer never is conscious of any of these elements separately.He is aware of them all at the same time.The same is true of music listening.We simultaneously and without thinking listen on all three planes.It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when i nformed that they will someday have to “go to work andmake a living”. The problem is that they cannot visualize what work is in corporate Am erica.Not so long ago, when a parent said he was off to work, the child knew very well what was about to happen. His parent was going to make something or fix something. T he parent could take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch while he re paired a buggy or built a table.When a child asked, “What kind of work do you do, Daddy?” his father could an swer in terms that a child could come to grips with, such as “I fix steam engines” or “I make horse collars.Well, a few fathers still fix steam engines and build tables, but most do not. Nowa days, most fathers sit in glass buildings doing things that are absolutely incomprehensib le to children. The answers they give when asked, “What kind of work do you do, Dadd y?” are likely to be utterlymystifying to a child.”I sell space””I do market research.”,”I am a data processor.””I am in public rel ations.””I am a systems analyst” Suchexplanations must seem nonsense to a child. How can he possibly envision anyone analy zing a system or researching a market?Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man does with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a space salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.In the common everyday job, nothing is made any more. Things are now made b y machines. Very little is repaired. The machines that makethings make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart in such a way that r epairs will be prohibitively expensive. Thus the buyer isencouraged to throw the thing away and buy a new one. In effect, the machines are mak ing junk.The handful of people remotely associated withthese machines can, of course, tell their inquisitive children “Daddy makes junk”. Most of the workforce, however, is too remote from junkproduction to sense any contribution to the industry. What do these people do?Consider the typical 12-story glass building in the typical American city. Nothing is being made in this building and nothing is being repaired, including the building its elf. Constructed as a piece of junk, the building will be discarded when it wears out, a nd another piece of junk will be set in its place.Still, the building is filled with people who think of themselves as working. At a ny given moment during the day perhaps one-third of them will be talking into teleph ones. Most of these conversations will be about paper, for paper is what occupies nearl y everyone in this building. Somejobs in the building require men to fill paper with words. There are persons who type neatly on paper and persons who read paper and jot notes in the margins. Some perso ns make copies of paper and other persons deliver paper. There are persons who file p aper and persons who unfile paper.Some persons mail paper. Some persons telephone other persons and ask that p aper be sent to them. Others telephone to ascertain thewhereabouts of paper. Some persons confer about paper. In the grandest offices, men approve of some paper and disapprove of other paper.The elevators are filled throughout the day with young men carrying paper fro m floor to floor and with vital men carrying paper to bediscussed with other vital men.What is a child to make of all this? His father may be so eminent that he lunche s with other men about paper. Suppose he brings his son towork to give the boy some idea of what work is all about. What does the boy see hap pening?His father calls for paper. He reads paper. Perhaps he scowls at paper. Perhaps he makes an angry red mark on paper. He telephones another man and says they had better lunch over paper.At lunch they talk about paper. Back at the office, the father orders the paper r etyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and then sent toanother man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year.Imagine his poor son afterwards mulling over the mysteries of work with a frie nd, who asks him, ”What’s your father do?” What can the boy reply? “It beats me,” p erhaps, if he is not very observant. Or if he is, “Somethi ng that has to do with making junk, I think. Same as everybodyelse.”It was snowing heavily, and although every true New Yorker looks forward to a white Christmas, the shoppers on Fifth Avenue were in a hurry, not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bitter cold and get home with their families for Christmas Eve.Josh Lester turned into 46th Street. He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit, because he was still at work, albeit a working dinner at Joanne's. Josh was black, in his early thirties, and an agreeable-looking person, dressed smartly but not expensively. He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia, and was probably happiest back home in his parents' house. But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC with a congressman, a junior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to think on his feet. Josh was very smart.The appointment meant Josh wouldn't get home until after Christmas. He was not, however, unhappy. He was meeting Jo Rogers, the senior senator for Connecticut, and one of the best-known faces in the US. Senator Rogers was a Democrat in her third term of office, who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had nevertheless managed to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as fine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. Talk show hosts called her Honest Senator Jo, and a couple of years ago, Time magazine had her in the running for Woman of the Year. It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democratic nomination. Rogers had met Josh in DC, thought him highly competent, and had invited him to dinner.Josh shivered as he checked the address on the slip of paper in his hand. He'd never been to Joanne's, but knew it by reputation, not because of its food, which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had a guest slot for awell-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality of its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers.Josh told him, and although the waiter refrained from curling his lip, he managed to show both disdain and effortless superiority with a simple flaring of his nostrils.“Yes, Senator, please come this way,” and as Senator Rogers passed through the crowded room, heads turned as the diners recognized her and greeted her with silent applause. In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague.After two hours, Rogers and Josh got up to leave. There was a further flurry of attention by the staff, including an offer by Alberto to waive payment of the bill, which Rogers refused. As they were putting on their coats, Rogers said, “Thank you, Alberto. Oh, have I introduced you to my companion, Josh Lester?”A look of panic, followed by one of desperate optimism flashed across Alberto's face.“Ah, not yet, no, ... not properly, ” he said weakly.“Josh Lester. This is the latest recruit to my election campaign. He's going to be my new deputy campaign manager, in charge of raising donations. And if we get that Republican out of the White House next year, you've just met my Chief of Staff.”It came as if from nowhere.There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center. We were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion. Some guys were sweating like pigs. Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. Quite a few were breathing heavily. Others were raring to go. All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell was going on. We'd been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere close to done. Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but we hadn't made a dent.And then the noise started, and the building began to tremble, and we all froze. Dead solid still. Whatever there had been left to do would now have to wait. For what, we had no idea, but it would wait. Or, it wouldn't, but that wasn't the point. The point was that no one was moving. To a man, no one moved, except to lift his eyes to the ceiling, to see where the racket was coming from. As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. No one spoke. There wasn't time to turn thought into words, even though there was time to think. For me anyway, there was time to think, too much time to think, and my thoughts were all over the place. Every possibleworst-case scenario, and a few more besides. The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk, but it was the rumble that struck me still with fear. The sheer volume of it. The way it coursed right through me. I couldn't think what the hell would make a noise like that. Like a thousand runaway trains speeding towards me. Like a herd of wild beasts. Like the thunder of a rockslide. Hard to put it into words, but whatever the hell it was it was gaining speed, and gathering force, and getting closer, and I was stuck in the middle, unable to get out of its path.It's amazing, the kind of thing you think about when there should be no time to think. I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-before-my-eyes sort of way. I thought about the job, how close I was to making deputy. I thought about the bagels I had left on the kitchen counter back at the firehouse. I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, "I'll see you at the big one." Or, "We'll all meet at the big one." I never knew how it started, or when I'd picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand.Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there'll be another one bigger, somewhere down the road. We'll make it through this one, and we'll make it through that one, too. I always said it, at big fires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again, because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about, all our lives, and if I hadn't known this before –just before these chilling moments – this sick, black noise now confirmed it.I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking maybe if I understood what was happening I could steel myself against it. All of these thoughts were landing in my brain in a kind of flashpoint, one on top of the other and all at once, but there they were. And each thought landed fully formed, as if there might be time to act on each, when in truth there was no time at all.Richard Picciotto (also known as Pitch) was in the north tower of the World Trade Center when it collapsed in theaftermath of the massive terrorist attack on 11 September 2001. A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the scene of the disaster within minutes of the attack, to lead seven companies of firefighters into the tower to help people trapped and to extinguish fires blazing everywhere.The north tower was the first of the twin towers to be hit. It was followed 17 minutes later by the south tower. The south tower, however, was the first to collapse, at 9:59 am. At that moment, Picciotto was in the north tower, racing upwards by the stairs because the elevators were out of action. He then gave the order to evacuate. On the 12th story he came across 50 people amid the debris, too badly hurt or frightened to move. Picciotto and his men helped them down. When he reached the seventh floor, the tower fell, and he was buried beneath thousands of tons of rubble. He eventually came round four hours later, leading his men to safety.Picciotto was the highest ranking firefighter to survive the attack. The chief of the department, the first deputy and the chief of rescue operations had all been killed. Altogether the death toll included 343 firefighters and more than 3,000 civilians.Toast always lands butter side down. It always rains on bank holidays. You never win the lottery, but other people you know seem to ... Do you ever get the impression that you were born unlucky? Even the most rational person can be convinced at times that there is a force out there making mishaps occur at the worst possible time. We all like to believe that Murphy's Law is true。
大学英语3三单元听力原文.doc
Listening Scripts (3)Part III. Listening ComprehensionSection A:Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)y and decide which is the best answer. Then write the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.11.M: How long can I keep these books?W: Two weeks. Then you will be fined for everyday they are overdue.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?12.W: What will you do if you were in my place?M: If Paul were my son, I'd just not worry. Now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he is working hard himself, he's sure to do well in the next exam.Q: What's the man's suggestion to the woman?13.M: If I were you, I should take a plane instead of a train. It will take a whole dayto get there.W: But flying makes me so nervous.Q: What does the woman prefer to do?14.W: I think this film is really wonderful. Beautiful scene, impressing music andtouching story, everything is so great.M: You can say that again.Q: What does the man mean?15.M: When can the doctors see me?W: He won't be available until tomorrow.Q: What does the woman mean?16.W: I just received an E-mail from one of my former classmates. I was surprised.We hadn't heard from each other for ages.M: Well, I've been out of touch with most of my old friends- Only one or two still drop me a line occasionally.Q: What does the man mean?17.M: Have you passed all your exams yet?W: I got an A in physics and two Bs in history and English. But I have to take the math exam again.Q: What do we learn about the woman?18.W: I have an elderly mother and I'm worried about her going on a plane. Is thereany risk?M: Not if her heart is all right. If she has a heart condition, I'd recominend against it.Q: What does the man mean?Now you will hear two long conversations.Conversation 1M: Hey, have you heard? Robert is retiring.W: Oh, really? Well, maybe you'll be made athletic director?M: Oh, I hope not. Whoever they choose is fine as long as it's not me. I'm the wrong person for that job!W: Why do you say that? I mean, what kind of person does it take?M: Someone with a more easygoing personality.W: Oh, come on. You seem like someone who could handle anything.M: Me? You've got to be kidding. That job would make me much too nervous. Besides, Fm happy with things the way they are. I consider teaching tennis a challenge. It'sa chance to get people interested in sports.W: So you really don't want it?M: No, I really don't. I just can't imagine myself managing a staff and worrying about finances. I don't handle pressure too well.W: You know, that's not the impression I have of you at all. That's how Fd describe myself.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.What is the man's job?20.Who is Robert?21.Why doesn't the man want the job?22.What can be the relationship between the man and the woman?Conversation 2M: Hey, that's a beautiful bag you've got! Is it genuine Louis Vuitton?W: No, are you kidding? I can't afford the real thing. It's a fake that I got at a street market on the cheap.M: But don't you feel bad supporting pirates?W: So should we all drive expensive cars. There are those who can afford to and those who cant Pirated stuff is for those too poor to afford the real thing.M: I think it is illegal.W: What? Illegal to want to look good?M: No, illegal to own, sell, and above all, manufacture fakes. It's like copyright——if you author a book, you don't want someone else to sell it for their own profits, do you?W: I see what you mean about books, but if I write a novel, I hope it's read by as many people as possible so I price it so that it's accessible to the most. But luxury items are priced beyond most people's means——they are not intended for the general public but for the elite few. And that's why I don't care about supporting pirated luxury items.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.Why doesn't the woman buy genuine Louis Vuitton?24.How does the man think about pirated stuff?25.What kind of people are the luxury items intended for?Section B:Directions：In this section/ you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then write the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage OneYou probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situations they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general levels of usage 一a formal level and an informal level. English is no exception. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write personal notes or letters to close friends.Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more polite. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member “Close the door, please." But to a stranger, I probably would say, "Would you mind closing the door?” Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let's say that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say, “I am just crazy about soccer." But if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say, “I really enjoy soccer.”Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.What are the two levels of language usage?27.When can you use formal English?28.What is interesting about language usage?Passage TvvoIn 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, but in this new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents- Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers hadallowed ten copies their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.Kroc, a salesman, met the McDonald brothers in 1954. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers5 fast-food restaurants and bought the right to run other copies of their restaurants. Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.In what aspect is MacDonald brothers' restaurant different from other restaurants?30.Which of the following does not contribute to the popularity of the new drive-in?31.What is the passage mainly about?Passage ThreeThere are 17 kinds of penguins in the world. All of them live in the southern hemisphere. Only a few species live on the continent of Antarctica at the bottom of the world. The emperor penguins are the species. They are about 100 centimeters tall and weigh about 30 kilograms. Their special method of mating makes them different from all other penguins.For thousands of years the emperor penguins have lived on the freezing continent of Antarctica. These black and white birds live in large groups or colonies. There are about 40 emperor penguin colonies on Antarctica. In total there are about 400,000 birds.These birds spend the summer swimming in the ocean search of food such as fish and squid. Penguins are not able to fly, but they are excellent swimmers. They can dive as deep as 460 meters and hold their breath for up to 20 minutes. But when summer ends, so does this easy time spent by the water. The penguins jump out of the water and onto the ice. They know it is time to find a mate and reproduce.In order to mate, the penguins must travel many kilometers inland from the ocean. They do this to find a safe area to spend the many months needed to produce and develop an egg. They must find an area with some shelter from the freezing winds. Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.Where do penguins live?33.What makes the emperor penguins different from all other penguins?34.How long can penguins hold their breath in the water?35.Why must the penguins travel many kilometers inland from the ocean?Section C: Spot DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times, when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numberedfrom 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blank numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The most common form of (36) entertainment in the U.S. is television. Nearly everyone watches television at some (37) regular time in their daily lives, (38) whether in the morning, at night or on (39) weekends. Most (40) families have color televisions.Since its (41) beginning, the television industry in the U.S. has been (42) controlled by three companies. The three national (43) networks are ABC, American Broadcasting Company, CBS, Columbia Broadcasting System and NBC, National Broadcasting Company. Each network competes for a larger percentage of the television audience (44) by trying to present programs with wide popular aDDeal. The programs are financed by advertising. Companies pay the television networks to display their products on television. The more popular a program is, (45) the higher the network can charge a company for commercials during the program. There is also a public television network. It has no commercials. Instead it receives financial support from the government, some private corporations and individual donations.Recently, a new type of television network has been gaining popularity. These networks are called cable television. (46) Cable television companies sell television programming directly to the public. The viewer pays a monthly fee to the company. The company installs a special line to his television set to receive the programs which he has paid the company to watch.。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文原文
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文原文新标准大学英语综合教程3课文原文We all listen to music according to our separate capacities.But, for the sake of analysis, the whole listening process may become clearer if we break it up into its component parts, so to speak.In certain sense we all listen to music on three separate planes.For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: 1) the sensuous plane, 2) the expressive plane, 3) the sheerly musical plane.The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into these hypothetical planes is the clearer view to be had of the way in which we listen.The simplest way of listening to music is to listen for the sheer pleasure of the musical sound itself.That is the sensuous plane.It is the plane on which we hear music without thinking, without considering it in any way.One turns on the radio while doing something else andabsent-mindedly bathes in the sound.A kind of brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music.The surprising thing is that many people who consider themselves qualified music lovers abuse that plane in listening.They go to concerts in order to lose themselves.They use music as a consolation or an escape.They enter an ideal world where one doesn’t have to think of the realities of everyday life.Of course they aren’t thinking about the music either.Music allows them to leave it, and they go off to a place to dream, dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quite listening to it.Yes, the sound appeal of music is a potent and primitive force,but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest.The sensuous plane is an important one in music, a very important one, but it does not constitute the whole story.The second plane on which music exists is what I have called the expressive one.Here, immediately, we tread on controversial /doc/c315869164.html,posers have a way of shying away fro m any discussion of m usic’s expressive side.Did not Stravinsky himself proclaim that his music was an “object”, a “thing”, with a life of its own, and with no other meaning than its own purely musical existence?This intransigent attitude of Stravinsky’s m ay be due to the fact that so many people have tried to read different meanings into so many pieces.Heaven knows it is difficult enough to say precisely what it is that a piece of music means, to say it definitely to say it finally so that everyone is satisfied with your explanation.But that should not lead one to the other extreme of denying to music the right to be “expressive”.Listen, if you can,to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-tempered Clavichore.Listen to each theme, one after another.You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling.You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction.Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one.You will be able, on other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme.Now study the sad one a little closer.Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness.Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?Let us suppose that you are fortunate and can describe to your own satisfaction in so many words the exact meaning ofyour chosen theme.There is still no guarantee that anyone else will be satisfied.Nor need theybe.The important thing is that each one feels for himself the specific expressive quality of a theme or, similarly, an entire piece of music.And if it is a great work of art, don’t expect it to mean exactly the same thing to you each time you return to it.The third plane on which music exists is the sheerly musical plane.Besides the pleasurable sound of music and the expressive feeling that it gives off, music does exist in terms of the notes themselves and of their manipulation.Most listeners are not sufficiently conscious of this third plane.It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane.After all, an actual musical material is being used.The intelligent listener must be prepared to increase his awareness of the musical material and what happens to it.He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion.But above all he must, in order to follow the line of the composer’s thought, know something of the principles of musical form.Listening to all of these elements is listening to the sheerly musical plane.Let me repeat that I have split up mechanically the three separate planes on which we listen merely for the sake of greater clarity. Actually, we never listen on one or the other of these planes.What we do is to correlate them—listening in all three ways at the same time.It takes no mental effort, for we do it instinctively Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctive correlation clearer.In the theater, you are aware of the actors and actresses, costumes and sets, sounds and movements.All these give one the sensethat the theater is a pleasant place to be in.They constitute the sensuous plane in our theatrical reactions.The expressive plane in the theater would be derived from the feeling that you get from what is happening on the stage.You are moved to pity, excitement, or gaiety.It is this general feeling, generated aside from the particular words being spoken, a certain emotional something which exists on the stage,that isanalogous to the expressive quality in music.The plot and plot development is equivalent to our sheerly musical plane.The playwright creates and develops a character in just the same way that a composer creates and develops a theme.According to the degree of your awareness of the way in which the artist in either field handles his material will you become a more intelligent listener.It is easy enough to see that the theatergoer never is conscious of any of these elements separately.He is aware of them all at the same time.The same is true of music listening.We simultaneously and without thinking listen on all three planes.It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when i nformed that they will someday have to “go to work andmake a living”. The problem is that they cannot visualize what work is in corporate Am erica.Not so long ago, when a parent said he was off to work, the child knew very well what was about to happen. His parent was going to make something or fix something. T he parent could take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch while he re paired a buggy or built a table.When a child asked, “What kind of work do you do, Daddy?” his father could an swer in terms that a child could come to gripswith, such as “I fix steam engines” or “I make horse collars.Well, a few fathers still fix steam engines and build tables, but most do not. Nowa days, most fathers sit in glass buildings doing things that are absolutely incomprehensib le to children. The answers they give when asked, “What kind of work do you do, Dadd y?” are likely to be utterlymystifying to a child.”I sell space””I do market research.”,”I am a data processor.””I am in public rel ations.””I am a systems analyst” Suchexplanations must seem nonsense to a child. How can he possibly envision anyone analy zing a system or researching a market?Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man does with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a space salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.In the common everyday job, nothing is made any more. Things are now made b y machines. Very little is repaired. The machines that makethings make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart in such a way that r epairs will be prohibitively expensive. Thus the buyer isencouraged to throw the thing away and buy a new one. In effect, the machines are mak ing junk.The handful of people remotely associated withthese machines can, of course, tell their inquisitive children “Daddy makes junk”. Most of the workforce, however, is too remote from junkproduction to sense any contribution to the industry. What do these people do?Consider the typical 12-story glass building in the typical American city. Nothing is being made in this building and nothing is being repaired, including the building its elf. Constructed as a piece of junk, the building will be discarded when it wears out, a nd another piece of junk will be set in its place.Still, the building is filled with people who think of themselves as working. At a ny given moment during the day perhaps one-third of them will be talking into teleph ones. Most of these conversations will be about paper, for paper is what occupies nearl y everyone in this building. Somejobs in the building require men to fill paper with words. There are persons who type neatly on paper and persons who read paper and jot notes in the margins. Some perso ns make copies of paper and other persons deliver paper. There are persons who file p aper and persons who unfile paper.Some persons mail paper. Some persons telephone other persons and ask that p aper be sent to them. Others telephone to ascertain thewhereabouts of paper. Some persons confer about paper. In the grandest offices, men approve of some paper and disapprove of other paper.The elevators are filled throughout the day with young men carrying paper fro m floor to floor and with vital men carrying paper to bediscussed with other vital men.What is a child to make of all this? His father may be so eminent that he lunche s with other men about paper. Supposehe brings his son towork to give the boy some idea of what work is all about. What does the boy see hap pening?His father calls for paper. He reads paper. Perhaps he scowls at paper. Perhaps he makes an angry red mark on paper. He telephones another man and says they had better lunch over paper.At lunch they talk about paper. Back at the office, the father orders the paper r etyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and then sent toanother man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year.Imagine his poor son afterwards mulling over the mysteries of work with a frie nd, who asks him, ”What’s your father do?” What can the boy reply? “It beats me,” p erhaps, if he is not very observant. Or if he is, “Somethi ng that has to do with making junk, I think. Same as everybodyelse.”It was snowing heavily, and although every true New Yorker looks forward to a white Christmas, the shoppers on Fifth Avenue were in a hurry, not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bitter cold and get home with their families for Christmas Eve.Josh Lester turned into 46th Street. He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit, because he was still at work, albeit a working dinner at Joanne's. Josh was black, in his early thirties, and an agreeable-looking person, dressed smartly but not expensively. He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia, and was probably happiest back home in his parents' house. But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship inDC with a congressman, a junior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to think on his feet. Josh was very smart.The appointment meant Josh wouldn't get home until after Christmas. He was not, however, unhappy. He was meeting Jo Rogers, the senior senator for Connecticut, and one of the best-known faces in the US. Senator Rogers was a Democrat in her third term of office, who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had nevertheless managed to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as fine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. Talk show hosts called her Honest Senator Jo, and a couple of years ago, Time magazine had her in the running for Woman of the Year. It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democratic nomination. Rogers had met Josh in DC, thought him highly competent, and had invited him to dinner.Josh shivered as he checked the address on the slip of paper in his hand. He'd never been to Joanne's, but knew it by reputation, not because of its food, which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had a guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality of its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers.Josh told him, and although the waiter refrained from curling his lip, he managed to show both disdain and effortless superiority with a simple flaring of his nostrils.“Yes, Senator, please come this way,” and as Senator Rogers passed through the crowded room, heads turned as the diners recognized her and greeted her with silent applause. In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague.After two hours, Rogers and Josh got up to leave. There was a further flurry of attention by the staff, including an offer by Alberto to waive payment of the bill, which Rogers refused. As they were putting on their coats, Rogers said, “Thank you, Alberto. Oh, have I introduced you to my companion, Josh Lester?”A look of panic, followed by one of desperate optimism flashed across Alberto's face.“Ah, not yet, no, ... not properly, ” he said weakly.“Josh Lester. This is the latest recruit to my election campaign. He's going to be my new deputy campaign manager, in charge of raising donations. And if we get that Republican out of the White House next year, you've just met my Chief of Staff.”It came as if from nowhere.There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center. We were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion. Some guys were sweating like pigs. Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. Quite a few were breathing heavily. Others were raring to go. All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell was going on. We'd been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere close to done. Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but wehadn't made a dent.And then the noise started, and the building began to tremble, and we all froze. Dead solid still. Whatever there had been left to do would now have to wait. For what, we had no idea, but it would wait. Or, it wouldn't, but that wasn't the point. The point was that no one was moving. To a man, no one moved, except to lift his eyes to the ceiling, to see where the racket was coming from. As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. No one spoke. There wasn't time to turn thought into words, even though there was time to think. For me anyway, there was time to think, too much time to think, and my thoughts were all over the place. Every possibleworst-case scenario, and a few more besides. The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk, but it was the rumble that struck me still with fear. The sheer volume of it. The way it coursed right through me.I couldn't think what the hell would make a noise like that. Like a thousand runaway trains speeding towards me. Like a herd of wild beasts. Like the thunder of a rockslide. Hard to put it into words, but whatever the hell it was it was gaining speed, and gathering force, and getting closer, and I was stuck in the middle, unable to get out of its path.It's amazing, the kind of thing you think about when there should be no time to think. I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-before-my-eyes sort of way. I thought about the job, how close I was to making deputy. I thought about the bagels I had left on the kitchen counter back at the firehouse. I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, "I'll see you at the big one." Or, "We'll all meet at the big one." I never knew how it started, orwhen I'd picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand.Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there'll be another one bigger, somewhere down the road. We'll make it through this one, and we'll make it through that one, too. I always said it, at big fires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again, because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about, all our lives, and if I hadn't known this before –just before these chilling moments – this sick, black noise now confirmed it.I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking maybe if I understood what was happening I could steel myself against it. All of these thoughts were landing in my brain in a kind of flashpoint, one on top of the other and all at once, but there they were. And each thought landed fully formed, as if there might be time to act on each, when in truth there was no time at all.Richard Picciotto (also known as Pitch) was in the north tower of the World Trade Center when it collapsed in theaftermath of the massive terrorist attack on 11 September 2001. A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the scene of the disaster within minutes of the attack, to lead seven companies of firefighters into the tower to help people trapped and to extinguish fires blazing everywhere.The north tower was the first of the twin towers to be hit. It was followed 17 minutes later by the south tower. The south tower, however, was the first to collapse, at 9:59 am. At that moment, Picciotto was in the north tower, racing upwards by the stairs because the elevators were out of action. He then gave the order to evacuate. On the 12th story he came across 50 people amid the debris, too badly hurt or frightened to move. Picciottoand his men helped them down. When he reached the seventh floor, the tower fell, and he was buried beneath thousands of tons of rubble. He eventually came round four hours later, leading his men to safety.Picciotto was the highest ranking firefighter to survive the attack. The chief of the department, the first deputy and the chief of rescue operations had all been killed. Altogether the death toll included 343 firefighters and more than 3,000 civilians.。
全新版大学英语3听力教程原文及答案 第三册
全新版大学英语3综合教程听力原文及答案第三册Unit 1Part BText 1Dating with My Mother (Part One)After 22 years of marriage, I have discovered the secret to keep love alive in my relationship with my wife, Peggy. I started dating with another woman.It was Peggy's idea. One day she said to me, 'Life is too short, you need to spend time with the people you love. You probably won't believe me, but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together, it will make us closer.'The 'other' woman my wife was encouraging me to date is my mother, a 72-year-old widow who has lived alone since my father died 20 years ago. Right after his death, I moved 2,500 miles away to California and started my own life and career. When I moved back near my hometown six years ago, I promised myself that I would spend more time with mom. But with the demands of my job and three kids, I never got around to seeing her much beyond family get-togethers and holidays.Mom was surprised and suspicious when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie.'What's wrong?' she asked.'I thought it would be nice to spend some time with you,' I said. 'Just the two of us.''I would like that a lot,' she said.When I pulled into her driveway, she was waiting by the door with her coat on. Her hair was curled, and she was smiling. 'I told my lady friends I was going out with my son, and they were all impressed. They can't wait to hear about our evening,' Mother said.Questions:1. What would make the speaker closer to his wife, Peggy?2. What do you know about the speaker's mother?3. Which of the following adjectives best describes Peggy?Text 2Dating with My Mother (Part Two)We didn't go anywhere fancy, just a neighborhood place where we could talk. Since her eyes now see only large shapes and shadows, I had to read the menu for both of us.'I used to be the reader when you were little,' she said.'Then it is time for you to relax and let me return the favor,' I said.We had a nice talk over dinner, just catching up on each other's lives. We talked for so long that we missed the movie.'I'll go out with you again,' my mother said as I dropped her off, 'but only if you let me buy dinner next time.'I agreed.'How was your date?' my wife asked when I got home that evening.'Nice...nicer than I thought it would be,' I said.Mom and I get out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we take in a movie, butmostly we talk. I tell her about my trails at work and brag about the kids and Peggy. Mom fills me in on family gossip and tells me about her past. Now I know what it was like for her to work in a factory during the Second World War. I know how she met my father there, and know how they went through the difficult times. I can't get enough of these stories. They are important to me, a part of my history. We also talk about the future. Because of health problems, my mother worries about the days ahead.Spending time with my mom has taught me the importance of slowing down. Peggy was right. Dating another woman has helped my marriage.Questions:1. What does the story mainly tell us?2. Which of the following is true?3. What can you learn from the story?Part CConversation 1:W: You know, many American parents are now wondering why they can't keep their teenage children from drinking.M: I'm aware of that. To my mind, it's the permissive attitude of the parents that is to blame.Q: What can you learn from the man's response?Conversation 2:M: Don't you think it's good to give our children a monthly allowance?W: I think so. It can teach them the value of money. With a monthly allowance they can learn to budget their expenses wisely.Q: What are they talking about?Conversation 3:M: Mom, I've got a part-time job at a supermarket. Three hours a day weekdays and all day Saturday.W: Congratulations, Tom. But are you sure you can handle it? What about your homework and your piano lessons?Q: How does the mother feel about Tom's part-time job at the supermarket?Conversation 4:M: Hey, Mary. You look so upset. What happened?W: My father had an accident the other day. He is now in hospital and will have an operation tomorrow. You see, his heart is rather weak. I really don't know whether he can survive it.Q: What's the woman worried about?Conversation 5:W : Mother's Day is coming soon. Could you tell me what sons and daughters do in your country on that day?M: Well, they send their mothers flowers and cards to celebrate the occasion. Besides, it is a common practice for them to wear pink carnations on that day.Q: Which of the following is true of the customs of Mother's Day in the man's country?Part DMy First JobMy parents ran a small restaurant. It was open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. My first job was shining shoes for customers when I was six years old. My duties increased as I grew older. By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates. My father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards. I had to be on time, hard-working and polite to the customers. I was never paid for any work I did. One day I made the mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me ten pounds a week. He said, "OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a day when you eat here and for the times you bring your friends here for free drinks?" He figured I owed him about 40 pounds a week. This taught me quite a lot.Statements:1. The speaker had more than one responsibility at his parents' restaurant.2. The speaker's parents kept their business open around the clock.3. It can be inferred that the speaker's family lived in the United States.4. It seems that the speaker's father was very strict with him but quite kind to his friends.5. The father finally agreed to pay his child for his work but would deduct the cost of his meals.6. This story shows that the speaker has very unhappy memories of his childhood.重点单词及词组Part Brelationship 关系encouraging 奖励的widow 寡妇demands of 要求curled 卷曲的suspicious 可疑的driveway 车道got around to 抽出时间（做某事）Part CWondering 显出惊奇teenage 年青的be aware of 知道attitude 态度permissive 许可的to one’s mind根据某人的意见allowance 津贴，零用钱budget 预算handle 处理，操作survive 幸存occasion 时机，机会carnation 康乃馨Part Drestaurant 饭馆standard 标准shining 光亮的，华丽的Unit 2Part BText1What a Coincidence! (Part One)Andrew had always wanted to be a doctor. But the tuition for a medical school in 1984 was 15,000 dollars a year, which was more than his family could afford. To help him realize his dream, his father, Mr. Stewart, a real estate agent, began searching the house-for-sale ads in newspapers in order to find extra business. One advertisement that he noted down was for the sale of a house in a nearby town. Mr. Stewart called the owner, trying to persuade him to let him be his agent. Somehow he succeeded and the owner promised that he would come to him if he failed to get a good deal with his present agent. Then they made an appointment to meet and discuss the thing.As good things are never easy to acquire, the time for the appointment had to be changed almost ten times. On the day when they were supposed to meet at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Stewart received another call from the owner. His heart sank as he feared there would be another change of time. And so it was. The owner told him that he couldn't make it at three but if he would come right then, they could talk it over. Mr. Stewart was overjoyed. Leaving everything aside, he immediately set out to drive to the house.As he approached the area, he had a strange feeling of having been there before. The streets, the trees, the neighborhood, all looked familiar to him. And when he finally reached the house, something clicked in his mind. It used to be the house of his father-in-law! The old man had died fifteen years ago but when he was alive, he had often visited him with his wife and children. He remembered that, like his son Andrew, his father-in-law had also wanted to study medicine and, failing to do so, had always hoped that one of his two daughters or his grandchildren could someday become a doctor.Questions:1. Who are the two main characters in the story you have just heard?2. How did Mr. Stewart get to know the owner of the house?3. What problem did Mr. Stewart have?4. What is the coincidence in the story you have just heard?Text2What a Coincidence! (Part Two)When he entered the house, Mr. Stewart was even more amazed to find that the house was decorated exactly as he had remembered it. He told the owner about this and the latter became intrigued too. However, they were in for even greater surprises. It so happened that in the middle of their discussion, a postman came to deliver a letter. And the letter was addressed to Mr. Stewart's father-in-law! Were it not for Mr. Stewart's presence there and then, the letter would be returned as no person of that name lived in the house any longer. As the postman demanded a signature on the receipt slip, Mr. Stewart signed for his long-deceased father-in-law. Mystified, the owner urged Mr. Stewart to open the letter and see what it contained. The letter was from a bank. When he opened it, two words immediately met his eye -- 'For education'. It was a bank statement of an amount his father-in-law had put in years ago for his grandchildren's education needs. With the interest it had earned over the years, the standing value of the amount came to a little over $15,000, just enough money to cover the tuition of Andrew's first year at a medical college!Another thing that is worth mentioning is about the postman. The original postman, who had worked in this neighborhood, called in sick that day. So the postman, who was new to the area, came to deliver mail in his place. Had it been the old postman, the letter would undoubtedly be returned to the sender as he knew full well that no person bearing that name lived in that house any longer.The miracle was a blessing for Andrew. With the money given to him by his grandfather he was able to study medicine. Now he is a doctor in Illinois.Statements:1. Several coincidences happened in the story.2. The coincidences made it possible for the owner to sell his house at a good price.3. No one actually benefited from the coincidences.4. It can be inferred that Mr. Stewart did not have to seek extra work from then on.5. With the extra money Mr. Stewart had earned, Andrew's dream finally came true.Part CDad Stops for Gas, Finds Lost SonNueng Garcia was the son of an American serviceman stationed in Thailand in 1969. But his father went back to the States when Nueng was only three months old. When he grew up Nueng immigrated to the United States and worked as a gas station clerk in Pueblo, Colorado. His dream was to find his father John Garcia. Year after year, he tried in vain to search for information about the whereabouts of his father.It was a fine day in Pueblo. There was not a cloud in the blue sky. But for him, it was just another day on the job. Suddenly he noticed the name of one customer who paid with a check. The man, who was in his fifties, had the same surname as his own. Nueng raised his head from the check and looked at the man. Could this be his father?"Are you John Garcia?" he asked."Yes," came the answer."Were you ever in the Air Force?""Yes.""Were you ever in Thailand?""What's that to do with you?" answered the man, who became suspicious by then."Were you or were you not?" Nueng persisted."Yes.""Did you ever have a son?"At this truth dawned on the man. They stared at each other and realized at the same moment that they were father and son who were separated 27 years ago and half a world away.John Garcia hadn't seen his son since 1969. He lost touch with Nueng's mother when she started seeing another man. He moved to Pueblo nine years ago. He said he never went to that gas station, wasn't even low on gas that day and hardly ever paid with a check.Statements:1. Nueng's parents divorced when he was only 3 months old.2. After moving to the U.S.A., Nueng worked at a gas station in Colorado.3. Nueng never gave up his efforts to find his father, but John Garcia had never looked for his son.4. One day while at work Nueng's eyes fell on the photo of a customer's driver's license, and the man in the photo looked like his father.5. John Garcia was once in the U.S. Air Force stationed in Thailand.6. John Garcia and his son didn't meet each other again until 1996.7. Nueng's father said he often went to that gas station but never paid with a check.8. It was by coincidence that John Garcia and his son were reunited after many years of separation.Part DUnexplained ParallelsOne of the best-known collections of parallels is between the careers of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. Both were shot on a Friday, in the presence of their wives; both were succeeded by a Southerner named Johnson; both their killers were themselves killed before they could be brought to justice. Lincoln had a secretary called Kennedy; Kennedy a secretary called Lincoln. Lincoln was killed in the Ford Theater; Kennedy met his death while riding in a Lincoln convertible made by the Ford Motor Company -- and so on.Similar coincidences often occur between twins. A news story from Finland reported of two 70-year-old twin brothers dying two hours apart in separate accidents, with both being hit by trucks while crossing the same road on bicycles. According to the police, the second victim could not have known about his brother's death, as officers had only managed to identify the first victim minutes before the second accident.Connections are also found between identical twins who have been separated at birth. Dorothy Lowe and Bridget Harrison were separated in 1945, and did not meet until 1979, when they were flown over from Britain for an investigation by a psychologist at the University of Minnesota. They found that when they met they were both wearing seven rings on their hands, two bracelets on one wrist, a watch and a bracelet on the other. They married on the same day, had worn identical wedding dresses and carried the same flowers. Dorothy had named her son Richard Andrew and her daughter Catherine Louise; Bridget had named her son Andrew Richard and her daughter Karen Louise. In fact, she had wanted to call her Catherine. Both had a cat called Tiger.They also had a string of similar mannerisms when they were nervous.How can we explain the above similarities?Statements:1. Both Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy were killed by a Southerner.2. John F. Kennedy's secretary was named after Abraham Lincoln.3. The news story told about the traffic accidents that killed two twin brothers.4. It can be inferred from the passage that more parallel phenomena are studied in the United States than in any other country.5. Coincidences occurring in three nations are described in the passage.6. Some psychologists' interest is the research on coincidences between twins.7. According to the speaker, coincidences occur much more often between twins than between people who are not related.8. The speaker does not mention his/her own opinion on whether these parallels can be explained.重点单词及词组Part Bcoincidence 一致，巧合tuition 学费real estate 房地产persuade 劝说appointment 约会acquire 获得，学会be supposed to 应该，被指望decorate 装饰intrigue 激起…的兴趣signature 签名receipt slip 收款便条mystified 迷惑tuition 学费Part Cimmigrate 移来，移居whereabouts 下落，行踪lost touch with 和某人失去联系Part Dunexplained 不清楚的parallels 导轨in the presence of 在面前justice 正义，合理convertible 可改变的victim 受害人，牺牲者identify 识别，鉴别investigation 调查，研究psychologist 心理学者bracelet 手镯string 一串，一行mannerism 特殊习惯，怪僻Unit 3Part BA Marriage Agreement (Part One)(Tom and Linda have signed a marriage agreement. Both agree not to break the rules outlined in the agreement. John, a reporter, is talking to them about the agreement.)John: Tom, Linda, first I'd like to ask you why you decided to write this unusual agreement. Tom: We found that many problems are caused when a person has different expectations from his or her spouse. We wanted to talk about everything openly and honestly before we started living together.Linda: Also we both know how important it is to respect each other's pet peeves. Like, I can get very annoyed if others leave stuff -- clothing, papers, everything! -- lying around on the floor. It really bugged me, so we put that in the agreement.John: This is mentioned in Article 1: Cleaning Up, isn't it? It says, "Nothing will be left on the floor overnight. Everything must be cleaned up and put away before going to bed."Tom: Then I'll know clearly what Linda's expectations are.John: I see. What about Article 2: Sleeping? It says, "We will go to bed at 11 p.m. and get up at 6:30 a.m. except on weekends." I'm sure some people hearing this will think that this agreement isn't very romantic.Tom: Well, we disagree. We think it's very romantic. This agreement shows that we sat down and talked, and really tried to understand the other person. A lot of problems occur in a marriage when people don't talk about what they want.Linda: That's right. When we disagreed about something, we worked out a solution that was good for both of us. I would much rather have Tom really listen to me and understand my needs than give me a bunch of flowers or a box of candy.Questions:1. Which statement best summarizes the marriage agreement between Tom and Linda?2. According to Tom, what will give rise to problems in a marriage?3. What can be inferred about Linda from the conversation?Text 2A Marriage Agreement (Part Two)John: Linda, do you spend a lot of time checking to see if the other person is following the rules? Arguing?Linda: No, not at all.Tom: A lot of couples argue because they don't understand each other's expectations. I think we spend less time arguing than most couples because we both know what the other person expects. John: What happens if one of you breaks a rule?Tom: Well, that's in Article 13 of our agreement.John: Is it? Oh yes, Article 13: Breaking Rules. "If you break a rule, you must apologize and do something nice for the other person to make it up."Linda: Yeah, like last time Tom broke the rule of driving.John: What's the rule?Linda: The rule is we must ask for directions if we are driving and get lost for more than fiveJohn: What happened?Tom: We were driving to a friend's wedding, and we got lost. Linda wanted to stop at a gas station to ask for directions, but I thought I could figure it out.Linda: Then we drove forty miles in the wrong direction and ended up being late for the wedding. Tom: So I took her out to dinner. I knew what I should do to apologize.John: That's very important, I think, knowing how to apologize. By the way, do you plan to update your agreement at all? What if things change in your life and a rule doesn't work anymore? Linda: We've thought about that too. Article 14 states that we must review this agreement once a year and make necessary changes.John: Well, it was really nice talking to you both. Thank you very much for your time.Tom & Linda: Thank you.Statements:1. Tom and Linda never argue because they both know what the other person expects.2. Once Tom broke Article 14 and apologized to Linda by taking her out to dinner.3. If some of the rules in the marriage agreement become outdated, changes will be made to update them.4. It seems that both Tom and Linda are satisfied with their marriage agreement.Part CA Perfect MatchAre you looking for a good relationship with someone special? What type of person is the best person for you? Is it the person with the highest IQ? Is it the most beautiful or most handsome person? How about the richest person or the most ambitious? Is your ideal partner the most traditional or the most modern person? Is he or she the person most like you, or most unlike you?The answer, psychologists say, is none of the above. Why? Because they are all extremes. In a number of research studies, psychologists asked couples these questions. The answers were clear. Most people are happy with moderation -- with partners who are not the most or the best (or the least or the worst). People are more comfortable with partners who are not so special.The research showed several other important things. In a love relationship, two things can cause trouble. First, trouble happens when both people get angry quickly. This is not surprising. Second, trouble happens when people don't expect to change themselves in a relationship. Do you stay calm when you disagree with someone? Are you ready to change yourself? If you can tolerate disagreement and are willing to change, maybe you are ready for a serious relationship.Statements:1. The passage implies that the perfect match for you is a person who is most unlike you.2. The author argues that the most beautiful or most handsome person may not be your perfect partner.3. Moderate person, that is, the partners who are not the most or the best can be your perfect match.4. The research showed that an extreme love relationship between the two can cause trouble.5. The passage states that the anger is one of the causes that lead to the breakup of a love relationship.6. The perfect match lies in the people's attitudes to tolerate disagreement and be willing to change in a relationship.Part DHusbands and Wives Don't See Things AlikeLet's face it -- husbands and wives just don't see things alike. Take TV remote controls, for example. I'm a channel-grazer. When I watch the news, I flip back and forth through four different networks."It drives me crazy when you do that," my wife complains. I don't understand why she has no interest in other channels. After all, she is a woman who wants to know everything going on in the neighborhood and among all the relatives. Just one button away might be an interesting program on How to Lose Fifty Pounds by Eating Chocolate Sundaes or How to Understand Weird Husbands. But, no, she won't change channels, not even if she dislikes the program she's watching."This talk show host makes me so angry!" she cried one evening."Then why don't you change the channel?" I asked."Because I can't stand people who are always changing channels."Differences. No right or wrong, just differences."The first law of civilization," said an old philosopher, "is to let people be different."I don't need to convert my wife to my ways, and she doesn't try to make me be like her. We simply take turns monitoring the remote control.Statements:1. The major difference between the speaker and his wife is their TV viewing habits.2. According to the speaker, he is more interested in talk shows while his wife is more interested in news programs.3. The wife seems to be more weird than the husband is.4. The speaker and his wife usually take turns working the remote control when they watch television.5. It can be inferred that women are generally more tolerant than men of their spouse's differences.6. The speaker and his wife maintain peace not by changing each other but by tolerance.重点单词及词组Part Bexpectation 期望，期待bug 打扰peeve 麻烦的事物spouse 配偶solution 解决办法 a bunch of 一捆candy 糖果expectation 期望apologize 道歉end up 最终以…为结局Part Cpsychologist 心理学者ambitious 有雄心的moderation 适度tolerate 忍受Part Dcomplain 抱怨civilization 文明，文化philosopher 哲学家monitor 监控convert 使转换Unit 4Part BText 1Being a Police Officer Is a Stressful JobInterviewer: Welcome to our program, Sam.Sam: Thank you.Interviewer: Sam, how long have you been a police officer?Sam: I've been a police officer for thirty years.Interviewer: Thirty years. And you've had different types of assignments on the police force, I guess.Sam: Yeah, I've done everything from patrol to undercover work to detective work, and now I'm supervising investigations.Interviewer: Sam, I think most people would say that being a police officer is a very stressful job. Would you agree?Sam: Yes, it's definitely a stressful job. But it depends on your assignment.Interviewer: So, what's probably the most stressful assignment you can have?Sam: I'd say patrol is the most stressful assignment.Interviewer: That's interesting! In what way?Sam: Well, I guess the biggest part of the stress is the fear factor -- the fear of the unknown. Interviewer: What do you mean, Sam?Sam: Well, in patrol work, you don't know from moment to moment who you are talking to or what their reaction is going to be to justify your presence. Let's say, for example, a patrol officer stops someone for a traffic violation. It seems as though that would be a very low-stress situation. Interviewer: Yes, it is a very low-stress situation.Sam: But the truth is, there are more police officers injured during a routine stop.Interviewer: Really?Sam: Really! That's why all police officers are taught from the very beginning to be aware of their surroundings. People back over policemen, people shoot policemen, people jump out at policemen -- different kinds of things. So that's probably the most stressful time.Interviewer: I see. Let's take a break and then we'll move on to our next topic.Sam: All right.Questions:1. What's the relationship between the two speakers?2. What does Sam mainly talk about?3. What do you know about Sam?Text 2Stress ReducersInterviewer: Sam, you've talked about the police officers' stressful time. Now let's move on to the next topic. So far as I know, there's a connection between stress and illness. Do you think that there's a higher percentage of illness among police officers than in the general population? I mean, do they get more colds or anything? Is this really true?Sam: Yes, it is, and the stress level not only manifests itself in daily health -- whether or not you've feeling well on any given day. It also manifests itself in things like ulcers, heart disease -- police officers tend to have a higher rate of heart disease and ulcers than people in other professions.Interviewer: Really? That's documented?Sam: Yes, it's documented. And also the divorce rate among police officers is much higher. Interviewer: Is there something that the police department does to help you deal with this stress? Sam: Yes, there are several programs that most police departments have in place. One is an exercise program where some part of your day is spent on some type of physical exercise. They've found that's a great stress reducer. Besides, there's also a psychological program with counseling for officers to help them reduce their stress. And there are several discussion groups as well. They've found that sometimes just sitting around and talking about the stress with other officers helps to reduce it. So, those things are available.Interviewer: And what do you do, personally, to help you deal with the stress of your job, Sam? Sam: Well, during the baseball season, I'm the biggest baseball fanatic, and I will either be reading about baseball, or listening to baseball, or watching baseball. Another thing I try to do is to get some sort of exercise every day. And then I work hard at keeping up my personal relationships, especially my relationship with my wife. Fortunately I get along very well with my wife. When I come back home, I can talk about my day with her, and then just forget about it.Statements:1. The dialogue is mainly about how police officers can deal with stress.2. According to Sam, most police officers enjoy good health.3. According to Sam, the divorce rate among police officers is higher than among people in other jobs.4. Counseling is the most effective program to help police officers relieve stress.5. Sam knows how to reduce his stress.Part CShort Conversations1. M: You look so nervous, Rose. Are you all right?。
全新版大学英语听说教程第三册听力原文Unit
Unit 14Part BText 1Genetic Engineering: for Better or Worse?Technology is not only used to build spaceships and high-speed computers. It is also being used to create new plants and animals. This technology is known as genetic engineering. At the moment people all over the world are arguing about its benefits and drawbacks.Some people are concerned that genetically engineered plants may harm the environment. Others are worried that they may be dangerous for people to eat.For many years farmers have crossbred plants to create new types of plants that were, for example, bigger, stronger, or more attractive. Crossbreeding can take many years, however, and it is not precise. Now we can change exact sections of DNA, so the process is more accurate and faster.There are many reasons for changing plants in this way. Some genetically engineered plants can live through frost or draught. As a result, farmers can make more profit because fewer plants will die. Other genetically engineered plants are more nutritious, have less fat, taste better or stay fresher than non-genetically engineered plants. This will allow people to buy better-quality fruit and vegetables.Another advantage of genetically engineered plants is that some can resist natural pests such as viruses or insects. This reduces the amount of chemicals needed to kill pests, which is helpful to the environment.However, genetically engineered plants can cause unexpected problems. Genetically engineered plants that resist pests may pass on that characteristic to a wild relative. This may cause the wild plant to spread fast, because pests are not naturally killing it. Genetically engineered plants can also harm animals. A type of corn has been developed that kills a species of insect that destroys it. The pollen from this corn, however, can also kill monarch butterflies, which do not harm the corn.Genetic engineering is a very new science and we have a lot to learn about the good it can do and the damage it can cause. The main concern is that not enough tests are being done to ensure it is safe.Statements:1. Genetic engineering is a technology which is being used to _______.2. Crossbreeding takes a _______ compared with genetic engineering.3. According to the passage, genetic engineering enables plants to survive with little _______.4. Genetic engineering can help farmers _______.5. According to the passage, one of the problems caused by genetic engineering might be_______.Text 2BioethicsMan: I've just been reading this amazing article about genetic engineering. The things they can do now.Woman: I know, it's frightening, isn't it?Man: No, not a bit. I mean if we can produce fruit that doesn't rot, animals that eat less and produce more, what's so scary about that?Woman: OK. But you know those new microorganisms that they are producing. Well, you only need a laboratory accident and the effects would be far more disastrous than AIDS, for instance.Man: Why are you always so negative?Woman: I'm not negative.Man: Soon I'll be able to have a genetic screening done and they'll be able to tell me what diseases I'm likely to have.Woman: OK. But what if they tell you you're going to have a disease for which there's currently no known cure? That's not going to be much help, is it?Man: Yeah, but if I know it's hereditary then I might think twice before having any children. Woman: But you know where all this is leading, don't you? To a revival of eugenics, like they're going to be able to remove potentially harmful genes, like the ones that cause criminality, low IQ.Man: And people like you with a bit of luck!Woman: No, seriously. They can take a piece of someone's hair now and tell you all about that person's medical life. Now that could be an incredible invasion of someone's privacy. Man: What do you mean?Woman: Look. So at your job interview they ask you for a piece of hair, ring you up ten days later or whatever and tell you they don't want to employ you because you've got such and sucha disease and you might die in five years.Man: Don't be absurd.Woman: I'm not being absurd.Man: Do you think people would let them get away with that, huh? What is all this? It sounds like you've been reading 1984. Why don't you look on the practical side of things for a change?Statements:1. Both the speakers are against genetic engineering.2. The woman sounds very optimistic about genetic engineering.3. Genetic screening can tell you what diseases you may possibly develop.4. Genes that cause criminality or low IQ can be removed from human bodies.5. A job interviewer will resort to genetic screening to find out whether a job interviewee is healthy or not.Part CBBC under Fire over GM Crop DramaThe BBC has been accused of exciting the hysteria surrounding genetically modified crops with a new thriller. The criticism comes from Dr. Mark Tester, who was a scientific adviser on theforthcoming two-part drama, Fields of Gold. Dr. Tester has disowned the thriller, saying he was ignored when he told the BBC the plot was impossible.Fields of Gold is to be broadcast on June 8 and 9 on BBC1. It follows two journalists investigating a mystery illness threatening the world, which turns out to have been spread by genetically modified wheat. Its central theme is the transfer of genes that are resistant to antibiotics from crops to a superbug.The BBC said Dr. Tester changed his tune after originally telling them that the central theme was a possibility.Dr. Tester, who is a lecturer at Cambridge University's Department of Plant Sciences, said, "The program makers had been blinded by their political agenda. It presents ridiculous errors of fact that give rise to anti-GM hysteria."Dr. Tester said he had also been asked to look at the script before it went to production, and had pointed out the errors then, but was ignored.However, a BBC spokeswoman said Dr. Tester told the program makers that the story was "unlikely" but "by no means impossible."She added, "Like many thrillers, this is a fictional drama which does not mean to be a documentary. It examines the dramatic consequences of an extreme situation which is the subject of considerable debate amongst the scientific community."Questions:1. What is the name of the BBC drama?2. When would it be broadcast?3. What were the two journalists investigating in the drama?4. What was the cause of the illness described in the drama?5. What did Dr. Mark Tester think of the plot of the drama?6. What did the BBC say about Dr. Tester?7. What would the drama give rise to according to Dr. Tester?Part DMaking a New MosquitoBloodsucking mosquitoes are perhaps Earth's most persistent pest, delivering malaria, yellow fever and a host of other diseases each year to more than half a billion people and killing between 2 million and 3 million. Numerous gallons of pesticides are sprayed each year in an effort to wipe out the tiny beasts. But the results have not been good. Many species of mosquitoes have become resistant to insecticides.For nearly two decades scientists have been thinking of creating a designer mosquito that would have no ability to spread diseases. Finally in 1998, using technologies developed in genetic engineering, scientists succeeded in producing a new type of mosquitoes with red eyes. These mosquitoes not only look different but act in a different way. Every time they suck blood, a substance that recognizes bacteria and kills them will be produced.The major challenge for scientists today is to create a species of mosquitoes that are incapable of transmitting malaria. For this they will have to turn their attention from the laboratory species to malaria-causing species in the wild.。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文LtDTHE RICHEST MAN IN AMERICA, DOWN HOMEArt Harris 1 He put on a dinner jacket to serve as a waiter at the birthday party of The Richest Man in America. He imagined what surely awaited: a mansion, a "Rolls-Royce for every day of the week," dogs with diamond collars, servants everywhere.·。
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2 Then he was off to the house, wheeling past the sleepy town square in Bentonville, a remote Arkansas town of 9,920, where Sam Walton started with a little dime store that grew into a $6 billion discount chain called Wal-Mart. He drove down a country road, turned at a mailbox marked "Sam and Helen Walton," and jumped out at a house in the woods.，。
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3 It was nice, but no palace. The furniture appeared a little worn. An old pickup truck sat in the garage and a muddy bird dog ran about the yard. He never spotted any servants.，。
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新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit 3Lesson 1Part 1 Meeting on the StreetSue: You look like you’re in a hurry!Kim: I am. I’ve got to get 50 color copies made I hope they can do a rush job.Sue: They must get requests like that all the time.Kim: I sure hope so. B ut that’s not all.Sue: What elseKim: Then I’ve got to get it all air expressed so it arrives in Singapore first thing Monday morning.Sue: I won’t keep you then. Actually, I’m in a bit of a hurry myself. I need to have the tailor putnew buttons on this jacket.Kim: OK. I’ll call you tonight.Sue: Great.Part 2 Items and ServicesConversation 1M1: Can you recommend a good dry-cleaner I want to get my shirts done and I don’t like the place I’m for a good tailor. My new pants are too short.F2: You should take them to mine. I’m sure you could get them lengthened there.Conversation 3M: I wonder if you could help me with something. My camera isn’t working right. Do you know a good place for repairsF: You can try Hoyt Camera. People say they’re very good.Conversation 4M: That’s a terrific painting. Where’d you get itF: Oh, we bought that on our trip to New Zealand.M: Really! You should get it framed.F: I’d like to. Got any suggestions where to get that doneM: I’ll ask around.Part 3 Where to Get the ServicesJulia: Hi, I’m your new neighbor. I just moved into apartment number twelve. I’m Julia Frost.Mark: I’m Mark Fines. Welcome to the neighborhood. Let me know if you need anything.Julia: Actually, can you recommend a housecleaning service I’d like to get the apartment cleanedbefore I unpack.Mark: Sure. Almost everyone in the building uses Maid to Clean. They’re very honest.Julia: Great. And what about a copy service I have to get some things copied before Monday.Mark: Go to Edison’s. It’s just down the street. They’re really fast.Julia: Edison’s for coping. And can you tell me where you get your car repairedMark: I always go to Tony’s Auto Repair. They’re not very efficient, but they’re extremely helpful. They’re around the corner.Julia: And just one more question. Can you recommend a tailorMark: Sure. Sew Good is great for tailoring. Their work is excellent, and they’re very reasonable.They’re across the street.Julia: Thanks so much for your help. I appreciate it.Mark: No problem. See you around!Part 4 Having Things DonePassage 1 Paoding Carves up a CowOne time, a butcher named Paoding was commissioned to butcher a cow for King Hui. As he worked,his movements were graceful and faultless. The sound of the knife between the bones was like a whisper inthe night. When Paoding was finished, the cow didn’t even know it was dead. The king said, “Your skill is amazing”. Paoding said, “It was nothing really. When I butcher a cow, it’s not skill that I use, it is the Dao. When I first took up th e butcher’s trade, what I saw was the whole cow. But after I had been at it for a fewyears and butchered a good number of cows, what I saw was no longer the whole cow, but just its skeletal structure. Ever since then, I stopped using my eyes and used my mind instead, to intuit my way around thecow. The good cook changes knives every year, because he merely chops but doesn’t hack. Because I neitherhack nor chop, I have used this same knife for 19 years, and it’s still like new. My knife glides in and outbetween the bone joints, moving as it pleases; so, the cow suffers no pain and in the end, doesn’t even knowit is dead.” The king was enlightened. He understood the good way of living one’s life. The complexities of life are like the skeletal structure of the cow, and those who don’t understand how to approach them end uprunning around in circles, wasting all their energy.Passage 2 The Beginning of StampsRowland Hill, a schoolmaster in England, was the first to put forward a proposal to use stamps. He thought it would be much easier for people to use stamps to cover postage. They could go to the nearby postoffice to buy stamps and put them on envelops before they sent the letters. The post office could simply putseals on the stamps so that people could not use the stamps again. In this way, the post office did not needto send postmen to collect postage. It only needed to send postmen to deliver letters. That was a good ideaand the government finally accepted it.Passage 3 “Dry” CleaningDespite its name, dry cleaning is actually not a dry process. Clothes are washed in liquid chemicals, but without water, and that is why the process became known as dry cleaning. But who came up with this idea,and how did it happenThe invention of dry cleaning was an accident. In 1855, a Frenchman named Jean Baptiste Jolly made a discovery: a lamp filled with kerosene fell on a greasy cloth in his home. Kerosene is a type of oil that burnswell. When the kerosene dried, the cloth was cleaner where the liquid had been.Based on this discovery, people began to use chemicals to clean clothes. But most of these chemicals, such as kerosene and gasoline, could easily catch on fire, so dry cleaning was very dangerous.In the 1930s, people started to use a new chemical called perchloroethylene, or perc for short. This chemicaldidn’t catch on fire easily, so it was much safer than the earlier ones. It is still used today by most drycleaners.Lesson 2Part 1 Find a Good Courier ServiceSteve: Hey, Maya, can you recommend a courier service I need to send this package.Maya: Sure, Steve. Why don’t you have Pack Express take care of itSteve: Do you think that they can get it to Lima overnightMaya: They must be able to. They have service all over South America. They’re really re liable.Steve: I should have asked you for a recommendation earlier! Last week I used Aero Fast, but they were expensive and not very efficient.Part 2 It is Urgent.Anna: Hello. Can I help youGreg: I hope so. This photo is too small. Can you enlarge itAnna: Absolutely.Greg: I need this done right away. Do you have express serviceAnna: Sure. When do you need itGreg: Well, can you do it in an hour It’s urgent.Anna: Let me see…is 4:30 OKGreg: It is great. Thanks. I really appreciate it.Part 3 News and IntroductionPassage 1 Book of the MonthHome and Family magazine talked to Pamela Darby, author of the new book Time Management. Here’s some of the advice that she gives:Making time for special treatments and things you enjoy is important. You make time for a lot of things that you don’t enjoy, like work and housecleaning. Choose something that you really like to have done, make an appointment, and go. You could get your nails done or have someone massage your back. The important thing is to choose something that you enjoy having done.Accept offers of help. People are so used to doing things on their own, that they don’t think about letting people help them. If someone asks, “How can I help” tell them what you need done! For example, if you’re planning a class party for one of your children, get some of the other parents to bring food. Whensomeone offers to watch the kids, let them do it.But, you don’t have to wait for people to offer to help. Assign responsibilities to other family members. Have your spouse drop off the dry cleaning on the way to work. Get your kids to help around the house. Even young children can be responsible for certain tasks, such as putting away their toys or setting the table.Passage 2 The Beginnings of Mass ProductionUntil the early twentieth century, the normal method of manufacturing was that one person produceda whole item. This system was transformed by Frederick W. Taylor, an American engineer who developed the theory of scientific management. His aim was to make factory work as fast and efficient as possible: increasing workers’ productivity in this way would mean that large quantities of goods could be manufactured cheaply.Taylor recommended that the manufacturing process should be broken down into tasks, and that workers should specialize in particular tasks, instead of making the whole item. Through this division of labor, each worker would become very good at certain activities. Henry Ford, the American car manufacturer, was thefirst industrialist to base product ion on Taylor’s ideas. Although this approach keeps production costs to a minimum, it has been blamed for making factory work boring.Passage 3 Lost LuggageApproximately one airline passenger in every thousand arrives at their destination to find that some orall of their baggage has not arrived with them. For many passengers this means a wait of hours or days, with all the associated inconvenience, whilst the missing item is being located and forwarded. Others, less fortunate still, have to resign themselves to the fact that their bags are actually lost and, as the days turn intoweeks, face the fact that they are unlikely ever to see them again.To prevent loss, or at least assist recovery, passengers are urged to make sure that identification tags are secure and up-to-date, an itinerary with addresses is enclosed and that bags are distinguishable from othersof the same make. Airlines recommend the use of colored tape or large elasticated straps made specificallyfor this purpose.Lost or delayed luggage actually costs the world’s airlines over £6 billion per year. They get some ofthis back, however, by selling off those lost items which are never claimed by their rightful owners. After months of intensive tracking, airlines send hopelessly lost luggage to companies which sort the contents and then put them on sale at bargain prices. At one such company in Alabama, the leftovers of flying are laidout in a vast store, which has itself now become an attraction for tourists from all over the world. Who knows, they may even come across some of their own stuff.。