diet culture 中外饮食文化对比
英语中西饮食文化差异原创
sugar
糖
food tonic medicine tonic
食补 药补
steam
蒸 starch
淀粉 unique flavor
特殊风味
stir-fry
炒 vitamin
维生素 herbal juice
药汁
braise
红烧 mineral
矿物质 regimen
养生
grill
烧烤 fibrin
纤维素 balance nutrition 均衡营养
过程中会使菜肴的营养成分被破
坏)。As a result of a nutrition problem, in fact touched on the Chinese culinary culture to the greatest weakness(因而
说到营养问题，实际上就触及了 中国饮食文化的最大弱点)。
英语中西饮食文化差异原创
Several aspects of the differences between the diet
饮食差异的几个方面
▪ The Diet Idea 饮食观念
▪ The Diet Structure 饮食结构 ▪ The Tableware 餐具 ▪ The Cooking Way 烹饪方式 ▪ The Table Manners 用餐礼仪
专吃大块肉、整块鸡等"硬菜"。 The Diet Idea 饮食观念
yakitoui,铁板,桑拿, herbal juice
饮食结构 The Diet Structure
煎封,窝贴,窝塌,软 ，即便口味all in the same key千篇一律。
The Table Manners 用餐礼仪 以热食、熟食cooked food，这和中国文明开化较早和烹调技术的发达有关。
Chinese and western difference on diet culture中西方饮食文化差异
Chinese and western difference on diet culture AbstractThe author argues that along with the fast development of world economic, international communication increases, More and more people hope to know the countries culture all over the world. Different nation own different culture. Chinese and western culture develops following their own different way. Traditional western culture combines livestock and ocean culture, while Chinese one is the mixture of agriculture and land culture. The two different cultures reflect the different lifestyle, and diet is the most representative one. It is the basic we live on other countries. While, food culture reflects cooking and eating art of countries, reflect history culture of a nation. It also covers material and spiritual culture. In the global background, broader and deeper knowledge comparison of different culture can solve the confusion of culture conflict in larger extent. So in this paper, it discusses the differences between Chinese and western food culture. Here we start from diet idea, diet mode, diet habit , diet object and food naming. most of them are discussed from specific to abstract, from particular to general to complete the change from one single phenomenon to deeper culture spirit. It shows concrete connotation of different culture on matter, spirit and custom to endow culture comparison with the world style. Diet culture will also learnwidely from others' strong points through transcultural communication, and develop continuously. Finally it realize the combination of Chinese and western culture.Key words: Diet culture difference; transcultural communication; Chinese and western;中西方饮食文化的聚焦内容摘要作者认为随着世界经济的快速发展，国际交流的增加，越来越多的人们希望了解全世界各个国家的文化。
The difference between Chinese and Western diet culture中西饮食文化差异
煎 煮 炸 炖
salt soy source vinegar Cooking wine sugar starch vitamin
盐 酱油 醋 料酒 糖 淀粉 维生素 矿物质 纤维素 脂肪
Medicinal cuisine herb Chinese medicine food tonic medicine tonic unique flavor herbal juice regimen balance nutrition Nutritional components
The Diet Idea 饮食观念
Western--Since the westerners believe in separation of the universe and human in their cultural spirit and thinking model, emphasize the form and structure and value the clearness, they form a special idea about the food science.
桑拿虾
石锅田螺
桑拿鱼
桑拿酒香雁肉
煎封
煎封，是粤菜煎法中的 一种，又叫煎碰。多用 于烹制肉厚的鱼类，所 用汁液用上汤、喼汁、 盐、白糖、酱油等拌成 ，称为煎封汁。其要点 是将鱼煎至金黄色，加 料头和汁液，上盖焖熟 、勾芡。实为一种煎为 主，焖为辅的方法。成 品既有煎的芳香，也有 焖的浓醇。滑软可口， 风味别致。
the order of dishes
。
In the west
1 appetizer: salad, compote, seafood 2 soup: corn soup ,onion soup 3 main course :meat (fish,chicken,steak) 4 dessert: sandwich, macaroni [,mækə‘rəuni] 通心粉， biscuit，pudding 5 coffee
中西饮食文化差异(Chinese and western dietary culture differences)
中西饮食文化差异（Chinese and western dietaryculture differences）中西饮食文化差异(Chinese and western dietary culturedifferences)Chinese and western dietary culture differencesFood and beverage products due to geographical characteristics, climate, customs and other factors, will appear in raw materials, tastes, cooking methods, eating habits of varying degrees of difference. Because of these differences, food and beverage products have a strong regional. The differences between Chinese and Western cultures have created differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, which comefrom different ways of thinking and philosophy in China and the west. Chinese people pay attention to "harmony between man and nature", and Westerners pay attention to "people first"". Here briefly discuss the differences between Chinese and western dietary culture from thefollowing three aspects.Differences in diet and tablewareWestern diet is the most obvious difference in the use of eating utensils on both the usual family meals, or a formal banquet is so, for example, Chinese food with chopsticks, Westerners cut food with a knife and fork. It is obvious that different ways of eating are not accidental, but formed under the guidance of different cultures. Chinese since ancient times most of the farming, the so-called "facing the Loess backinto the air" is a true portrayal of this cultural phenomenon, in this cultural environment, usually with grain as the staple food, tend tolive and work in peace, peace and stability, emphasis on "and" for you, against the invasion and attack. But in many westerncountries, their ancestors as national hunting, meat based diet, in order to survive in the cruel and harsh environment, must be good at hunting, aggressive, the two almost opposite cultural tendency toreflect the diet naturally reflected in the tableware selection and use, Chinese use chopsticks rare stamp, refined and cultured, with such indecent actions, attitudes towards food on the table is affinity and gentle; on the contrary, Westerners use knives and forks are cut and cut again, let a person feel a kind of cruel and oppressive, is openly ravaged food. Although the Chinese and Westerners like to eat meat, but show a very subtle and tactful, and do not feel the bloody fight and struggle".In addition, the Chinese people's tableware mainly porcelain, less varieties, mainly bowls, plates, chopsticks, spoons and wine glasses, etc., large and small, all kinds of banquets are applicable. Westerners are different. There are many kinds of tableware. They can be divided into five categories: silverware, metal ware, chinaware, glassware, dishes and kitchen utensils. Among them, silverware, metal ware, porcelain and glassware have different kinds and usages. Glass for example, each kind of wine with a glass of wine, white Wine cup, red Wine cup, champagne, wine and other liquor.Dietary differencesChina is a large agricultural country. Since the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the diet has been dominated by grain, which has dominated plants, grains and vegetables, and less meat. In western countries, adhering to the nomadic seafaring nation's cultural origin, hunting, farming, meat more, beef, pork, lamb,fish and other |.Chinese people like hot food. They think that when the food is cold, they lose a lot of delicious flavor. Westerners are different, their favorite cold food on the table, such as salad generally have assorted cold dishes dish, Westerners also love the raw food, raw tomatoes, cucumber, lettuce, onion etc..Every diet can not be separated from vegetables. According to a survey of plant scholars, Chinese eat vegetables are 600 kinds, more than six times the west. In Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is ordinary food, is said to the general civilian food, fish can eat only in the ritual, the food is dominant in the diet of the usual.Westerners don't seem to have this habit, they uphold the nomads, sailing the nation's culture, hunting, farming, to collect, planting, more meat, eat, wear, with all the animal, Westerners in the diet characteristics of their own country, think more than China pay more attention to nutrition reasonable collocation there is, the more developed food industry, such as canned food, fast food, although the taste is stereotyped, but save time,And good nutrition, so their country's human body is generally Chinese robust: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and muscles; and Chinese is thin body, shoulder narrow and short legs. In the modern physiological and nutritional science, and have gradually become the fusion of western table on the type and quantity of vegetables was significantly increased, while China with the improvement of living standards, the proportionof meat and milk and dairy products in the diet also increased significantly.The diet structure of Chinese people is mainly grain or starch, while the diet structure of western people is mainly meat and protein. According to the obvious difference between Chinese and Western diet, Chinese people are considered to have plant personality, while Westerners have animal characters. Reflected in the cultural behavior: Westerners love adventure, exploration, and conflict; Chinese is peace and quiet and peaceful. Indeed, Westerners as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the car left, embarked on a risky journey; and Chinese will always jigua Zhao "home" and "root", but this is the concept of Chinese and diet related.Differences in cooking methodsIn Chinese, cooking a variety of ways, fried, fried, stewed, fried, stewed, boiled, burst, steamed, grilled, pickled, frozen, wiredraw, sweet and sour dishes, dazzling. In the eyes of the chef, cooking hasthe same profound knowledge as making handicrafts. Even the same dish, different chefs will make different tastes.Methods Western-style food cooking is mainly fried, roasted, fried, boil, stew, various raw materials rarely set cooking, dishes of fish is fish, chicken is chicken, even the seasonings are now eating now. The cooking process is more standardized, the amount of spices added to the gram, the cooking time accurate to seconds, the chef seems to be an experimenter in the chemistry laboratory.Because of the standardization of Western dishes, cooking has become a mechanical work. Kentucky Fried Chicken old man as long as the ingredients, oil temperature, time of fried chicken, according to the specification can be done, so the chef's work has become a very tedious mechanical work, he seems to be an automatic assembly line worker, even by a robot to perform its duty. Moreover, the purpose of eating Westerners first intake of nutrients, as long as the nutrition is enough standard, the other can be tolerated, so today, potatoes, steak, steak, potatoes tomorrow. The United States Food Advertising overwhelming, but eventually, fried chicken, French fries, fried fish, the food processing method is simple, basic mechanical mixing, so few types of dishes.In China, cooking is an art, embodies the unity of strictness and improvisation, so cooking in Chinese has been at a very strong interest, even with a certain game, attracting the diet for the enjoyment of life of the Chinese. Cooking has long been regarded as a great pleasure for Chinese people, and a positive performance in fulfilling this work.The difference between the 1.4 dining seatingChinese people pay great attention to seating arrangements when they eat. Although Westerners are very particular about their seats, they are very different in their content. Most of the party in the China,powerful or elders first seated, and then is the other guests,especially in the feudal society, Chinese party more or less to the lack of respect for women, many areas now have "no woman seats" habit, evenon the bench, a womansitting position in general is not significant.In the west, women are given priority, respect for women as astandard for banquet seating, and standards for other acts at banquets. In the seating arrangements, the first guests to the sex list, and then arrange forms and specific seat, if the party is joined by men and women, men and women should be co chaired by the master, male and female guests in the two list, usually seat arrangement is the host and hostess is the opposite, then arranged according to clockwise position. We should also pay attention to two points: first, the couple seats should be on the same side, but not connected;Two male guests often in position rather than according to age, in addition, if men and women also to party, so men should open doors for women, let the lady first; when the female guest host brought into the hall, first by the male host invited first hostess seated, and helpedher pull the chair, table, the hostess is with male finally enter the vip. In serving and eating, you should serve the hostess from the leftfirst, and then distribute them to other ladies in sequence, and finally to the hostess. Then, in the same order, serve the man. When the hostess and other ladies pick up the napkin, knife and fork to begin eating, the men can begin. After dinner, the hostess must wait up and leave, others may be absent, and still need to make its first lady chair.Dietary differencesChinese and Western diets are very different, and this difference also has an impact on national character. In China,any banquet, no matter what the purpose, will only be a form, that is, we sit around and share a seat. A round table for the feast created an atmosphere of unity, courtesy, and interest in the form. A table delicacies in the center, it is a table of people appreciate the taste of the object and the vector table of emotional communication, people toast each other, so that each dish, vegetables advised, although from the health point of view, this diet way has the obvious deficiency, but it breaks the general mentality we "national unity", reflects the China classical philosophy "and" the category of the descendantthoughts influence to facilitate collective emotional communication, so it's hard to reform, this kind of "dinner" and "feast" of the social effect, during the festival to be more obvious. The ancients said: "diet, so Acacia also."". On New Year's Eve, Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, we should eat "Reunion" dinner, eat Zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival, and use it to commemorate ancestors, thank gods, coordinate interpersonal relationship, and further promoteenlightenment.Western style banquets, food and wine, although very important, butin fact it is as a foil. Friendship is the core of the party, with the guests sitting next to the conversation, to achieve the purpose of friendship, if the friendship of the banquet and dance analogy, it canbe said that the Chinese banquet is like a dance, and Western style banquet is like a dance of men and women. Thus, Chinese and Westernstyle banquet banquet common purpose is very clear, but more Chinese banquet reflected in the feast fellowship, and the more western style banquet guests reflected in the adjacent friendship.Chinese is to show the friendly and harmonious atmosphere throughwith food, express for a peaceful and happy mood, which is why the size of Chinese festivals are to dinner, as the main content of the symposium. But the buffet has broken the pattern which sits happily, drinks, the individual independence, mentions independently the first place.Differences in dietary attitudesThe Western diet pays more attention to science and nutrition, no matter the color, aroma, taste and shape of food, nutrition must be guaranteed. How much calories, vitamins and proteins should be absorbed in a day?. Breakfast is often an egg, a cup of milk, some bread and a sausage; lunch buffet dinner is usually; bread, French fries, fried chicken, sausage, ham, cheese and so on, although the simple but veryrich in nutrients, they are not too much in pursuit of food taste, more is to understand the diet. From a nutritional point clearly, this is akind of rational diet idea. At the banquet, you can pay attention to tableware, exquisite material, exquisite service, shape and color collocation exquisite dishes of raw materials, but no matter how high-end luxury, from Losangeles to New York, the steak is only one flavor,no art at all. And as a dish, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, evenif there is collocation, it is also in the plate. A "French lamb", onthe side of Mashed Potato, next to the lamb, cooked green beans with the other side, with a few slices of tomato, contrast color, but the tasteof raw materials separate, reconcile, each is each taste, simple and clear.Chinese people pay more attention to the color, aroma, taste,shape and quality of food. First, pay attention to the color collocation, followed by the fragrant smell of food can stimulate the olfactory organ to produce sense of smell, caused by emotional impulses and thinking of human association, thereby affecting the eating behavior, then the taste of beauty, it has a core position in China diet fourth, namely, shape beauty, dishes to use other means of decorative art. Fifth, the quality of beauty, quality, one can refer to nutritional quality, health quality, cooking technology; on the other hand refers to the "texture", namely, to touch and taste as the object, soft, crisp, tender, crisp, smooth cool texture beauty. In addition to the technical means of color, aroma, taste and shape, the Chinese people also adopt someliterary means, such as seeking and achieving the artistic conception of different themes through different naming of various dishes. So China isa kind of beauty diet concept, whether nutrition is excessive or insufficient, regardless of whether all kinds of food and nutrition collocation, as long as the good taste, will enjoy this delicious food.Diet has different status in Chinese and Western lifeDiet plays an important role in daily life in china. The folkfestival rituals, such as weddings and marriage customs, has great influence on the diet custom. The fifteen eat the Lantern Festival, Qingming cold rice cakes, dumplings and Dragon Boat Festival in May, August Yellow Wine male mid autumn Festival moon cake, Laba porridge and so on, are specific diet Festival ceremony. In social events, manythings are done at the table. Eating has become a special element. In interpersonal relationships, there are some things that are difficult to handle, and the parties are often treated with a delicious meal.In the west, the diet in people's lives is far from being soimportant in china. Eat not the main content in the festival, more important is the religious and recreational activities that have the original life, must through faith in God, to participate in religious ceremonies and constantly repent to sin, so the western festival custom not only has a strong religious color, but also a religious ceremonyafter the liberation of the physical and mental relaxation and happiness, social activities is the most important gift of flowers, the wedding scene is not on the big swing feast, but the lovers held in the church solemn happy wedding, so they have far less important significance in China, people eat mainly focus on nutrition and the pursuit of benefits,not need to eat to show identity. With the development of economy and cultural globalization, with the deepening of China's opening to the outside world, the diet culture has shown a trend of integration between China and the west. Our cooking knowledge, cooking techniques andculinary aesthetics are not only amazing for the world, but also enrich the world cultural treasure house. Since the reform and opening up, the famous Chinese food culture throughout the world, whether foreign heads of state, or ordinary people, but also have to Chinese restaurants as a great joy in the life. But at the same time all over the worldespecially western diet culture also Everfount into Chinese: "Coca-Cola", "Nestle coffee", "KFC", "McDonald", "pizza", "hamburger", has now become China people meals food market; resplendent with variegated colorationin the food, there is a considerable amount of food is a new food imported or Chinese and Western, satisfied people's taste. With theworld economicand cultural exchanges have become increasingly extensive and in-depth, Western diet cultural exchange and interaction has become an indisputable fact and the inevitable trend of development, "Chinese and Western" catering culture is increasingly accepted by the public. Guangdong dishes such as "gurgling meat" and so on, in the production of Western dishes from the cooking of some of the techniques, in the Chinese and Western diet culture on the integration of a useful attempt, by domestic and foreign diners welcome. KFC's Chinese restaurant also gave up the traditional foreign fast food insist, began to use boiled,salad and other Chinese cooking methods, to build a healthy new fast food".China's food culture in the exchanges with countries around the world, there will be some new changes,The Chinese should continuously improve the development, learnwidely from others'strong points. With Chinese food for the body, to Western-style food for lunch, relying on four big cuisines, or eight cuisine, the development of China food culture and aesthetic taste, properly absorb the elements of science and technology Western-style food, so that the two complement each other, the organic integration, which is an important measure to Chinese food brand andinternationalization.Can be expected and outlook, the world will be as Western dietculture cultural exchanges and integration become more and morebeautiful and charming, this beauty and charm is the essence of integration of Chinese and Western food culture, food culture is a new space-time beauty and charm.Chinese and Western diet culture fuses in the collision and complements each other in the fusion. Now Chinese food has begun to pay attention to the nutrition, health and cooking science of food, and Western food has begun to develop to the realm of color, aroma, taste, meaning and shape of Chinese food. Chinese and Western food and beverage culture will develop together in the process of communication!。
中西方饮食文化差异(中英对照)
Differences between Chinese and Western diet culture Can you imagine the difference between the Western diet culture and the Chinese diet culture？First of all, I will introduce the general characteristics of Western diet culture. Western diet historyItaly cuisine is the originator of the Western diet culture, French cuisine is the Western diet culture king, American food is the Western diet culture upstart.Western food making skillsIn the production of the Western diet, they love the pursuit of perfection, but also attach importance to cooperation with a delicacy.Western diet varietiesThe famous dishes are Italy, French, American, German, Russian, etc. famous drinks include wine, coffee and black tea.Do you know,why there are so many differences between Chinese and Western diet culture ?just like the menu,western diet is very tidy and serious,but the Chinese is multifarious.Now, you have known the difference of the menu,but do you know why diet has a strong regional character?Actually, western diet due to geographical characteristics, environment, customs, appears in cooking methods ofdifferences in eating habits. People in western countries like to eat pizza, while Chinese people like to eat dumplings.Differences between Chinese and Western culture makes a difference of Chinese and Western food culture.事实上，西方饮食由于地域特色、环境、风俗习惯，出现烹调方法不同程度的差异。
中英饮食文化差异中英双语
Cultural differences between Chinese and Western food中西方饮食文化的差异The ancients say: In the development of human society, the national diet also gradually formed its own unique culture. Different regions, different eating habits in different diet contributed to the different diet culture. The differences between Chinese culture and western diet culture created the difference, the difference between different from the way of thinking and philosophy. "Nature and humanity" to the Chinese and western "people-oriented". From the following five aspects are here to talk about the western diet culture differences..古人云：民以食为天。
在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。
不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。
中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。
中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
这里简要从下面五个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
A, Chinese and western culture中西饮食文化(a) the Chinese diet culture中国的饮食文化China has a history of more than 5000 years, formed the canBad rich and profound Chinese culture. Chinese noteHeavy "unity". The Chinese diet with food, with things. IdeographicFeeling. The Chinese diet culture surprising, rewardHeart pleasing to the eye. This is pleasing to the eye, refers to the activities of the Chinese dietThe content and means to perfect and unified, caused by peopleThe aesthetic pleasure and mental enjoyment.中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。
diet culture differences between china and western countries
2.1The characteristics of the Chinese diet
China has a long history of more than five thousand years, forming a rich, broad and profound diet culture.In China, the diet culture has a very important position, always accompanied with us.The ancients had "hunger breeds discontentment" said.When we greeting, the first sentence is often "did you eat anything".The Chinese food ingredients are very extensive, and most of then are vegetables.Because in China's Buddhism thought, animal are spiritual, and the plant is the nonspiritual.Meat only appears on the table during holidays or rich days.Chinese dishes, not merely the pursuit of bright color, fragrant smell, more attention is paid to the rich flavor.Chinese pursuit for taste is nearly reach the peak of perfection .In order to create a unique taste, many Chinese chefs cooking methods are invented.For example,as everyone knows,boil,steam,stir-fry,deep-fry.In 2012 ,the well-known documentary "China on the tip of the tongue"vividly described virous cooking methods in different parts of China.To some degree,it opened the eyes of Chinese and even the whole world and also greatly stimulated the audience's pursuit of food.However, every coin has two sides.While enjoying the delicious food, we lost some nutrition.Because some unscientific methods of cooking destroy nutrients
中英饮食文化差异(中英双语)
Cultural differences between Chinese and Western food中西方饮食文化的差异The ancients say: In the development of human society, the national diet also gradually formed its own unique culture. Different regions, different eating habits in different diet contributed to the different diet culture. The differences between Chinese culture and western diet culture created the difference, the difference between different from the way of thinking and philosophy. "Nature and humanity" to the Chinese and western "people-oriented". From the following five aspects are here to talk about the western diet culture differences..古人云：民以食为天。
在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。
不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。
中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。
中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
这里简要从下面五个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
A, Chinese and western culture中西饮食文化(a) the Chinese diet culture中国的饮食文化China has a history of more than 5000 years, formed the canBad rich and profound Chinese culture. Chinese noteHeavy "unity". The Chinese diet with food, with things. IdeographicFeeling. The Chinese diet culture surprising, rewardHeart pleasing to the eye. This is pleasing to the eye, refers to the activities of the Chinese dietThe content and means to perfect and unified, caused by peopleThe aesthetic pleasure and mental enjoyment.中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。
中西方差异对比----饮食文化（中英文对照）
餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。
正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。
中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。
中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
这里简要从下面三个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
The dining product as a result of factor and so on region characteristic, climatic environment, manners and customs influences, will appear in raw material, the taste, the cooking method, the food habit varying degree difference. Was precisely because of these differences, the dining product had the intense localization. Between China and the West culture's difference has accomplished China and the West diet culture difference, but this kind of difference and gets along with people the philosophy from the West different thinking mode. The Chinese pays great attention “the beauty to uni te”, the westerner pays great attention “humanist”. here chats the Western diet culture difference briefly from the following three aspects. 第二种翻译：Food products due to geographical features, climate, customs, and other factors, will appear in the raw materials, food, cooking methods, dietary habits on the varying degrees of difference. It is precisely because of these differences in food products with a strong regional. The difference between Chinese and Western cultures to create a diet of Chinese and Western cultural differences, and differences from the West in a different way of thinking and philosophy of life. Chinese people pay attention to the "Heaven and Man," in the West focus on "people-oriented."From here, a brief talk about the following three areas in the Western diet and cultural differences.一、两种不同的饮食观念对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。
中国和西方饮食文化的差别
European: Nutrition , protection
Table difference 餐具的差别
Knife and fork and chopsticks, brought not only the differences in eating habits, which in turn affects people living in the East and West. • Chopsticks must match • Knife and fork result in meals together with the inherent in eating(分食制), family members sat around which spawn in the West about the independence the table. (合餐制) Chopsticks brings meals, has and children grow up on the highlighted old and young ideas and habits of family sitting together, so independence. that the East has a relatively strong family values.
中国和西方饮食文化的差别
中国和西方饮食文化的差别
1. Differences in the die 餐具的差别
Differences in the diet ideas 饮食观念 的差别
We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat is disgusting. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In terms of food, Chinese people focused on forms, pay attention to "color, smell and taste", therefore, Chinese cooking, the menu is pay attention to the mixture of color and scent. Europeans are about the actual, match more particular about their nutrition and protection, pay attention to the intrinsic quality of the dishes. (注重 菜的内在质量)
The differences between Chinese and Western dietary culture 英语中西饮食文化对比
The differences between Chinese and Western dietary culture摘要This thesis explores the differences between Chinese and Western dietaryculture. In the complex world culture spin, the dietary culture plays an extremely important role in the world culture. The differences betweenChinese and Western culture created the differences between Chinese andWestern dietary culture. Different countries have their own dietary cultural. Traditional Chinese culture is agricultural culture and land culture, while traditional western culture is animal husbandry culture and ocean culture. These two kinds of cultures reflect diverse life styles in which food is the most representative aspect. In variously cultural contexts, whether it is in concept, objects, kitchen ware, or tableware, these differences are obvious. But as development of the communication and integration of the international, Chinese and western dietary culture will be developed in common communication. This will play a significant role to promote the communication of culture in the world.介绍introductionDiet is not only the premise of social development, but also theparamount material base for human to survive with good health condition. In the early stage of barbarism, like other animals, looking for food to survive is just the instinct for human beings. But when man began to use fire to cook food and they entered the age of civilization, especially the time of cooking with the pottery, the food became the creation made by the human own wisdom and their technology. Then there is the essential difference in diet between human beings and animals that the diet has its cultural nature. Thus the history of human diet is to be this kind of history that human adapt to nature, conquer and reform nature to survive and develop in the nature, and the human dietary culture gradually comes into being in the course of this progress. As an important part of human culture, the dietary culture has a generalized meaning and a narrowed meaning. This thesis discuss the dietary culture in this narrow sense which is the total of material wealth and spirit wealth created and accumulated in the long-term progress of food consumption, and it is the knowledge about what to eat, how to eat and why to eat, including dietary object, dietary tableware and so on.China has profound cultural heritage of dietary culture and diet play aforemost role in people’s daily life so that dietary culture take a hugeproportion in Chinese culture. Facing the dietary culture from other countries, we should accept or reject them based on ourselves condition. We can’t only chase for enjoyment in taste, because it is harmful to our physical health if we eat too much foreign food which is belong to the high calories food. However, it is obvious that we shouldn’t aimlessly reject all the new objects. Under the influence of entering the WTO and globalization, the international connection has become closer and closer so that the collision and fusion inthe dietary culture always happen between Chinese and westerners. Granted, it takes a long time for two different cultures to merge and coexist and there must be an aspect that both sides can’t adapt to each other. If thisphenomenon occurs, we should try our best to understand, respect and tolerate another culture in right manner.A new kind of concept called Fusion Food has another name that isGlobal Cuisine and it has been popular in the fashionable diet circle in international cities, such as Paris, New York, London, Sydney. Now it is starting to come into China. The connotation of this Fusion Food is to merge the raw material, condiment and cooking skills together in a creative way from countries all over the world. Besides, it introduces the exoticism to the native diet by takes doctrine to discard the dross and select the essential. It is a cooking revolution flagged with fusion. Through the fusion of gourmet food, the thing it brings is not just the food, is more like the enjoyment of a variety of culture, a kind of interest and a type of art.The difference of dietary culture between Chinese and westerners willarouse culture misunderstanding in certain extent. For example, manyChinese think that Hamburger, KFC and McDonald’s are the typical food in American. But it is not the fact. The fact is American food is very complex and they generally eat the Mexico food, Chinese food, Thailand food and India food.Therefore, in this thesis, we discuss the difference of dietary culture between Chinese and westerners from dietary concept, dietary object, cooking utensil and dietary tableware. Through the study, it is beneficial for both sides to strengthen the communication in culture, and more able to eliminate the obstacles and misunderstanding when two nations are communicating, so that people can have in-depth understanding about the dietary culture from China and western countries. To study both parties’ dietary culture difference from various aspects, it can not only help us to strengthen the awareness and adaption in the culture communication, but also can enhance our understanding, toleration and acception to foreign culture. Then this makes Chinese and western dietary culture can mutually develop and fuse in communication, which it plays a remarkable role in boosting the development of culture in the whole world.正文ConceptChinese dietary conceptIn Chinese dietary culture, people play more attention to pursuing thetaste than to emphasizing the nutrition. They consider that the nutrition isless important if the food is delicious and good-looking enough. The reason why there is a unique dietary culture that eating is on top of the list in Chinese nation is that productivity has been always under the average levelfor thousands of years and people have not enough food to eat. People often say the taste is the most important in the whole of color, aroma and taste. In addition, the key of special charm in Chinese diet is nothing but its taste.Chinese think a lot of art and sensibility, so the pursuit of delicious taste isalways the highest meaning in dietary. However, a part of the nutrition maylack in pursuing the deliciousness in Chinese diet. The shape of the food is the external thing while the taste is the internal thing. Emphasizing the inner and not decorating painstakingly the external, or emphasizing the taste rather than showing off the form of the dishes, is the paramount expression in Chinese dietary concept. But it does not take no count of the collocation of nutrition. The medicated food appeared in the Tang dynasty and now there is a formulation that diet therapy is better than medical treatments, which all reflect that Chinese pay attention to the collocation in dietary nutrition since ancient times. However, the traditional nutrition theory only has a vague concept without specific data analysis as westerners to figure out what kind of food is good for health with nutrition.Western dietary conceptIn western dietary culture, people play more attention to pursuing the nutrition than to emphasizing the color, aroma and taste. The western diet is a kind of rational diet so that they devote particular care to the nutrition and collocation. They treat dietary as a science with a realistic attitude to lay stress on dietary nutrition and as a result, the pursuit of nutrition becomes the highest meaning in diet. The core standard in evaluating food in westerners is whether it is reasonable in dietary nutrition and whether it accord with the scientific demand. Westerners often think that food is just a means of survival so that they pay more attention to dietary nutrition and supply condition of energy and they seldom connect dietary with spiritual enjoyment, which reflects a strong practicability and utilitarian. For westerners, the only thing they care is not what the food color, aroma, taste and shape is, is the nutrition must be guaranteed. Then they spend time on paying attention to how many calorie, vitamin, protein, etc. should be absorbed a day with neglection of color, aroma and taste. Even if the taste may be the same, even compared with Chinese food, or as dull as cardboard, but the sense push them to eat because it is nutritive. For another word, it just like refuels the machine. As to westerners, the taste is the secondary. If heating up the food will cause the loss of nutrition, they prefer to eat the half-baked, even raw food. Therefore, the western dietary can be summarized with convenience and practicability. There is a case in point that a nutritive breakfast can be simply made of a combination of some bread, jam, cheese, butter and fresh vegetables.Dietary dishesChinese dietary objectThe Chinese dietary culture mainly originates from farming culture, whichdecides the Chinese dietary structure that takes crops as the principal thingand meat as the auxiliary thing. What’s more, there is a plen ty of production and a lot of species in grain crop because of the vast fields, fertile soil and superior technology in planting. On the contrary, animal breeding is rare inChina so much so that it is very common for people to eat the grain. Chinesedietary structure is based on vegetable food, including grain, bean, greens,fruit as well as cereal. In fact, in the Chinese dishes, vegetarian dishes are the most common food; only in holidays or at the higher living standards do they have the meat. It is a very distinct line between main food and subsidiary food. The main food is the five cereal and the subsidiary food is vegetable with a little meat. Therefore, when Chinese prepare the diet, you can see most dishes are vegetables and a few are meat. What’s m ore, rice and noodles are the principle food; tea and wine are the main drinking in their life.China is known for vast fields and various geographical environments with a long history and an abundant production as well as species of plants and animals, which offer the sufficient resources of products to the formation of Chinese dietary culture. Chinese staple food is based on rice and wheat. On the side, millet, corn, buckwheat, potato and sweet potato are also the main food people usual eat so they take a tiny place in the dietary culture. Except for the rice noodles, there are still kinds of food can be supplied for people to make their life more colorful, including the other kinds of pasta, steamed bun, deep-fired dough sticks, various porridge, cookie and ever-changing snacks. In the Chinese long history, the distribution of south rice and north wheat has formed this situation that the main raw materials are rice and wheat in Chinese staple food. Most Chinese people prefer to take vegetarian diet as the principle thing.According to a study of western zoophytologist, there are more than 600 species of vegetables in China. It is six times more than the west. In fact, in the Chinese dishes, vegetarian dishes are considered as the common food, and only in holidays or at the higher living standards, the meat can be a part of the usual diet.The western dietary culture mainly originates from rear livestock culture,which decides the western dietary structure that takes meat and dairy products as the principal things and vegetarian dishes as the auxiliary thing. According to the weather, it is not suitable for western countries to plant the crop so that they give priority to animal husbandry and give second place to agriculture. In addition, another factor to give first place to animal is that the technology is quite high in the animal cultivation. As a result, there are a lot of kinds of animals and a huge production of meat in western countries. The main agriculture products are wheat, corn, and grape and so on. In the western dietary structure, the meat also takes up the excessive place in the dishes. They are mainly beef, chicken, pork, mutton as well as fish. It is obvious that what they usually eat is provided with a three-high characteristic that is high protein, high fat and high calorie. Therefore, meat has occupied and will always occupy the remarkable high proportion in western dietary. Although the proportion of planting has increased in recent years, the proportion of meat in dietary structure is always higher in the western than in Chinese. Therefore, when westerners prepare the diet, you can see mostdishes are meat and a few are vegetables. What’s more, bread and meat are the principle food; coffee, wine and milk are the main drinking in their life.In the western-style food, there is no doubt that meat is the representative in raw material. Since the ancient age, the westerners have given the first place to meat as the dish. They devote particular care to the taste of different kinds of meat and the characteristic of diverse parts of meat. That is to say, no matter what method can be able to be used to process, they always hope that they can bring the aroma into full play from every kind of meat. Any variety of cheese that is worshiped by westerners is the necessary thing should be appeared on the table. On the contrary, for most customers in China, they do not think that they can take in because the peculiar smell is too strange to get used to.Condiment/seasoningThe condiment is also different between the Chinese and westerners in cooking dishes. In China, the taste plays a part as the soul in the dish so that there are seven main kinds of taste in the Chinese diet, including sour, sweet, bitter, salt, peppery, fresh and obscure. The purpose of condiment is to exert a positive effect on reaching the excellent fusion from some seasoning, which has the ability to add aroma without weird smell as well as the smell from fresh meat or fish. What’s more, it can ameliorate the color of the dishes which can draw their attention to have a try. They usually choose the ginger, scallion, garlic, soy sauce, vinegar and monosodium glutamate to be their condiments in common use. But sometimes, they will use grain wine to season.The western-style food is almost the meat, which is always processed into a piece of massive one. Thus there is a big problem in the condiment that it is difficult to saturate the massive piece with condiment used in China. In order to solve this problem, they make up with two methods that they adopt to cook sauce without anything and they have the entree with sauce. Since then, they have formed a special way in condiment in western-style dish. Based on the five used foundation of sweet, sour, bitter, salt and peppery in the west, they prefer to such effect that can make them feel a deep delicious with appetite. They usually choose the cream, butter, sauce, lemon, onion, celery and bay leaves to be their condiments in common use. In addition, spice and wine are the two important factors in cooking. Because both vanilla and spice have the special smell, they exert an indispensable effect on the aroma of their dishes. For instance, when they cook the 杂莱汤、spaghetti及汁料、酿馅、salad, they always used a kind of mixed spice, which are used to mix together with the marjoram and oregano. In addition, thyme is also the main spice for them to add into the soup, venison and barbecue while sage is mainly used in the dishes made with pork in their daily life.Side dishThe side dish also plays a significant part in the Chinese dietary structure. The side dish indicates that they are the combination for raw material in one dish, including cold dish and hot dish, or the combination for all the dishesshowed up on the table. The latter one develops based on the former oneand there is no denying that the highest form is belonging to the latter one.Now we take side dish of hot dish as an example to make a compare. The side dish of hot dish is required with the quality of dish in China. It should coordinate appropriately with one or several kinds of raw materials which have been processed to the shape they need. Then a complete dish comes into being. As a chef for side dish, he must not only be proficient in 刀工, but also be familiar with the shape of the finished product. Besides, it is awfully essential for the chef to be acquainted with the cooking method for the reason that the raw material will have some changes during the cooking. In addition, the fundamental rules of the collocation are very crucial in the dish, such as, the collocation of color, the collocation of shape, the collocation of aroma, the collocation of taste and the collocation of nutrition and so on. And all of these collocations prefer to concentrate on reflecting the collocation of meat and vegetables. In other words, it is the collocation of animal material and vegetarian material. However, in all the collocation of side dish, the collocation of nutrition is the most special because it not only contains the function to restrict, to eliminate or to rectify the detrimental elements in the raw material used in cooking, but also includes the theory of complementation in nutrition and balanced dietary.For the westerners, the side dish is also the indispensable part in 热菜dishes. As usual, after finishing the main food that they have already put on a dish, a small amount of vegetables, rice or noodles processed should be put on the edge of the dish or on another dish by side. Thus a complete piece of dish completes. It is said that the food have a collocation with the main food is called side dish. A case in point is that French fries and vegetarian salad are the side dish of fried chicken or other kinds of hamburger in the KFC or McDonald’s. Thus it can be seen th at there is a certain difference between Chinese diet and western diet in the form of side dish. However, the effect they exert is the same. They both own the function to complement the nutrition, to balance the dietary, to enhance the beauty and to give the aroma. In addition, the fundamental rules of the collocation are very crucial in the dish. For example, all kinds of side dish are most made with different color vegetables. What’s more, the side dish is asked for being processed to the definite shape under meticulous requirement, such as条状、olive状、球状、棋子状、腰鼓状and so on. Most of the deep-frying meat and roasting meat are deserved with three side dishes which are potato and two different color vegetables. They are considered to be a set of side dish. There are a lot of cases we can illustrate. For example, it is a set of side dish that French fries is arranged with boiling pea and carrot in olive shape as well as roasting potato arranged with 黄油菜花and tomato in piece. However, the characteristic dishes usually choose one kind of side dish made with potato to keep thespecial aroma, such as the fish. On the side, the dishes with much汤汁is used to provide with the rice or noodles. Whereas it is rare in Italian dish,such as curry chicken with butter rice and Italian beef with macaroni.WineIn Chinese diet, there are a few kinds of wine used in cooking and theyare only used with a little in the diet. The Shaoxing wine is the commonpeople always use in their daily life. When it comes to the topic of wine, the most characteristic and the most distinguished wine is a kind of wine which isused to be named grain wine that takes grain as the material to makeShaoxing wine and white spirit. There is a piece of vast field in China, most ofwhich are endowed with good farmland and fertile soil. It is very suitable for grain to grow up under the temperate weather so that China has become the leading power in agriculture by and by for his increasingly fast development in agriculture. Furthermore, it not only has a great deal of production, but also cultivates tremendous diversities in the five cereals so that people use a lot of grain to make the Shaoxing wine and white spirit, which are endowed with Chinese characteristic.It is another outstanding characteristic in western dish that they put different wine in diverse dishes. Owing to the characteristic of different kinds of wine they own, such as the醇厚, aroma, 甘冽、浓馥、清凉and so on, different wine should be compatible with distinct dishes. After they were put in the dish, the wine will mix with original taste, spice and aroma to make the special characteristic come out from the dish. As to the side dish, there are still some definite rules in cooking with wine. There is a case in point. In the famous French diet, clear soup is with雪莉酒or 白葡萄酒to bring up the taste; and seafood or aquatic product is with brandy or白葡萄酒 to season. As is known to all, when it comes to the topic of wine, the most characteristic and the most distinguished wine is a kind of wine which is used to be named grape that takes grape as the material to make wine and brandy. As we know, the western countries mostly give first place to rear livestock or business and give second place to agriculture. It is not suitable for most grain to grow up because of the weather and soil. On the contrary, it is extraordinarily moderate for grape to grow up under that weather. In addition, the quality and production of grape are the first of all in the world. As a result, people can make a considerable quantity of wine with excellent quality.Kitchen wareIn China, there is a great deal of methods in cooking. Nevertheless, it isextremely surprising that kitchen ware have been the same look since one thousand years ago in China. Since our ancestors came into the age of铁器, the kitchen ware have been never changed again in their surfaces. The main kitchen wares we often use are ladle, spatula, cooker, steamer and wok. The 鼎 which is a pottery in the shape of roundness is one of the most primarykitchen wares in the age of new stone. In order to exert a sufficient effect on the collocation between burdening and different kinds of food to manifest the dainty of Chinese dietary, the design of the kitchen ware plays anindispensable role in this aspect. So they try their best to design the kitchenware to reach the purpose that it could make any kind of food mix togethercompletely. In people’s daily life, the wok and ladle are the two most representative kitchen wares in China. The reason why the wok can be on behalf to the representative kitchen ware is that the chef can churn all food sufficiently in the wok. However, why the ladle can also stand for the representative kitchen ware is that ladle not only can be used to stir-frying the dish and to 舀the soup, but also be able to add condiment to dish or soup. In addition to the above, the ladle could adopt to a tremendous number of condiments which are in diverse shapes with distinct sizes.What’s more, there are two types of cooking that the westerners won’tuse or use later than us. They are steam and stir-frying. The formation ofthese two particular ways cannot separate from the usage and development of Chinese ancient kitchen ware. The cooking way of steam cannot be away from the invention of steamer. The steamer is the most common kitchen ware among the common people in ancient times. Even though in the modern times, the steamer is still a very important kind of indispensable kitchen ware in family. It is the same that the cooking way of stir-frying cannot be away from wok. And the invention of wok cannot separate from the advantageous technology of wrought iron in ancient China. China is the earliest country to invent and make use of pig iron in the world. The wok has been used in folk family since the Western Han Dynasty and it is still used now. As a result, the method of stir-frying becomes the most primary cooking way in dish. Most of them cannot deviate stir-frying or any variant way of stir-frying from the dish whether made by common people in their daily life or made as the famous dish for the aristocracy. Although the westerners are a little familiar with the steamer now, they still do not know how to put to use the skill of steam to cook the food constantly. On the contrary, we can have the delicious food made by the steamer everyday if we want to. Not only the steamed stuffed bun, but also the chicken or fish can we have. What’s more, for western ware, it is not a patch on the wok. As is known to all, we can put anything into the wok to stir-frying, even if it is in a little size with different shape and bone, which is incapable for the westerners to achieve. The reason is that they are not used to have a big piece of meat with bone. Furthermore, they are fond of the vegetables without boiling so that the vegetables are seldom to put into the pan, which has the relationship with their dietary concept and dietary habits.With the increasing fast development of science and technology, to some extent, the countries must promote the communication of culture under mutual efforts. As a result, a great number of convenient and fast household appliances start to enter into the market in China, such as microwave, electric rice cooker and oven which the westerners get used to use in their daily life. However, our main kitchen wares pass current on the ancient so that we donot break away from track in essence even though we will use the induction cooker or something else from the west to cook the food. Some people agree with the opinion that the wok is better than the pan in frying out the aroma ofChinese dish. They always said that there is something missing in the dishthey make out with the usage of frying-pan. In addition, the soup boiled bythe tile pot that Chinese used all the time is far more delicious than boiled by the western stew-pan made by stainless steel. Except for electric rice cooker, few Chinese families will make staple food with microwave, or oven, or any other western kitchen ware.The dietary is more perceptual than rational in expression in all times in China so that the Chinese dietary culture is full of imagination and creativity. However, the difference of dietary culture between Chinese and westerners must lead to the various demands of kitchen wares. In the modern city, the Chinese customers don’t reject those household appliances, such as the microwave, with the convenient and fast function. But it does not mean that it can satisfy the dietary requirements from Chinese customers. On the contrary, it can’t because of the dietary structure made from convenience and speed. The recipe based on the rice in Asian is unable to fuse very well with the effect in cooking exerted by the household appliances from westerners. Combined with the realistic situation from the differences between the both sides, we can analyze and study adequately the living style between the two nations which provide a great help to design and ameliorate the kitchen ware. Maybe it is more important for oriental nation who are facing the impact from western culture and living ways to consider comprehensively the guiding principle of the design in cultural diversity. The design of kitchen ware should be compatible with the specific environment in dietary culture. Therefore, under aiming at different environment in dietary culture, it will exert a positive effect on designing or ameliorating the kitchen ware with consciousness.Western kitchen wareIn the west, there are a lot of cooking ways, but the way of roasting,pan-frying and deep-frying are the main methods in cooking. As a result, thekitchen wares they often use in their daily life are frying-pan, stew-pan andoven, which have a very close relationship with their dietary object, cooking ways and tableware. A great deal of examples can be given. For instance, most of the westerners prefer to meat rather than vegetarian dish in their daily meal. Besides, they are used to have a meal with knife and fork so that it is more suitable to process the raw material into a big size and shape. Of course that it is the best choice to process them into a massive and thick piece without too much bones or stabs. It is quite rare for westerners to mix several kinds of food together when they are cooking. They spend most time on considering what the collocation should be made to show the beauty in vision, especially the collocation between shapes and colors. Therefore, all kinds of burdening are always put on the plate after they are cooked respectively. The pure of the taste which is the second important aspect during their cooking is the performance that how much the orient taste can be reflected from the material itself. The above customs decide that the main。
中外饮食文化比较
中外饮食文化比较一观念上的差异Conceptual differences1.3 饮食文化差异原因Diet cultural difference reasonCultural Origins of the Chinese and Western diet1.1 泛食主义和实用主义Functional food and Pragmatist1.2 讲排场和简单随意Funerals and simple random二Differences in table manners 宴会礼仪上的差异2.2餐具的差异2.2.1筷子和刀叉 Tableware differences: chopsticks and knife and fork2.3出席时间的差异:迟到和准时Differences at the time: late and ontime 2.4 座位安排的差异Different seating arrangements2.4.1 南北和左右North and south and about2.4.2 男尊女卑和女士优先,男女平等Detention and ladies first,equality between men and women2.5中西方餐桌礼仪差异三．饮食内容的差异Differences in food content3.1饮食习惯差异Differences in eating habits3.2饮食对象不同The diet object is different3.3饮食方式不同The diet way is different3.3.1聚食制和分餐制3.4饮食制作不同：随意性和机械性Food production isdifferent :Sensibility vs. practicality2.3.2 Differences of dish names差异菜名四，营养与健康4.1 Differences in contents美味与营养 4.2 Refinements vs. nutrients 素食为主和肉食为主4.3从饮食结构看营养五．Conclusion结论中国是一个非常讲究吃、善于吃的国度，并由此吃出了一个享誉世界的中华饮食文化。
中美饮食文化差异
烹饪方式 The Cooking Way
焦化作用的烹饪以空气为介 质者依其加热的方式: (a)Grill 或Broil (烧烤 ) (b)Roast (炉烤) (c)Bake (烘培，烘烤) (d)Pan Broil (锅烧烤) (e)Gratin (焗烤) 焦化作用的烹饪以以油类 为介质者依其用油类的多 少有: (a) Deep Fry (深油炸) (b) Pan Fry (浅油炸)
用餐礼仪 The Table Manners In ancient China, the table during a meal, you have a set of red tape 在中国古代，在用餐过程中，就有 一套繁文缛节.
Chinese people is accustomed to toasting to the guest frequently and clipping food for guests. 中国人民已经习惯于向客人敬酒频繁和 剪裁食物给客人.
• 用餐礼仪 The Table Manners • Don’t make noise when you eat food.
用餐礼仪 The Table Manners
The guest should pay attention to appreciating the food the host prepares. 客人应注意欣赏主人准备的食物 。
美国的咖啡文化 America's coffee culture
美国人喝咖啡 已经有很久的历史，长久以来美国人都是以滴滤式咖啡或平底蓝形过滤器来烹 调咖啡。用这种方式制作了的咖啡较清淡，但加上奶精、鲜奶和糖的调合，就变成一种极可口的饮 料，使全美国的人都习惯于这种口味。从早晨睁开惺忪睡眼到咖啡休息时间，以及两餐饭后，几乎 都少不了喝杯咖啡，咖啡居然已成为美国人的最佳伴侣，许多人早上起床可以不吃早点，但绝不能 不 喝杯咖啡提神。 美国人的生活能够随意自在，由喝咖啡 就可以看出来。在购物中心里，常可见到美国人人手 一杯用纸杯盛装的咖啡，随意落座或边走边喝。这是在欧洲绝对见不到的，欧洲人喝咖啡一定用瓷 杯盛装，多数是悠闲地坐着喝，少数站在吧台边喝，但绝没有人端着杯子边逛边喝。一般美国餐厅 的咖啡，是一个价钱让你喝到够，杯子空了，随时可请服务员为你加满，糖和奶精 自然也是无限 量供应，在欧洲则不吃喝到饱，一杯一个价钱，加一杯再加一份钱。 美国人不只生活得随意自在，个性上也喜欢创新发展，用同样一种咖啡豆，美国人在烘焙豆子 时，就想把各种香料、香精直接烘焙混合在豆子里，使豆子在研磨烹煮后能制作了不同口味咖啡， 比如Irish Crème , Jamaican Mountain等等。这些咖啡的味道见仁见智姑且不谈，能够动脑筋想了 这个点子而且上市贩卖为客人们接受，就是件很不简单的事了。欧洲人生性保守，是绝不会尝试以 任何香精来抢夺咖啡原味的，咖啡就是咖啡，顶多在里面混一点提味香酒。 美国是一个由多国移民组成的国家，虽然绝大多数美国人两百多 年来已习惯了喝那淡淡的咖 啡饮料，但在旧金山中国城旁的北意大利人区，则一直维持着意大利人喝Espresso、Cappuccino 的习惯，至今也未改 变。该区所有的餐厅、咖啡馆都一定用Espresso机器来制作咖啡。以前想要 买点地道意大利咖啡豆，一定要到这里来才找得到。近年来，欧风吹人，意大利 的咖啡和菜肴大 受美国人欢迎，尤其科学证明用Espresso机器制作出的咖啡，其中咖啡因含量最低，因此从最爱 惜生命的美国上流人士、雅皮族开始，就纷 纷改喝意式咖啡了。就连美国总统克林顿的幕僚，都 不时要到咖啡馆点一杯浓郁的[木炭汁]喝喝。 美国人喝咖啡 的习惯在改变，咖啡也由附属于餐厅的饮料变成了专买店的产品。Espresso咖 啡馆日渐普及，由有钱区、高级区扩展出来。在可见的未来，可能会取代传统的滴滤式清淡如水的 咖啡，进而全面化。
中西方饮食文化差异(中英对照)
Differences between Chinese and Western diet culture Can you imagine the difference between the Western diet culture and the Chinese diet culture？First of all, I will introduce the general characteristics of Western diet culture. Western diet historyItaly cuisine is the originator of the Western diet culture, French cuisine is the Western diet culture king, American food is the Western diet culture upstart.Western food making skillsIn the production of the Western diet, they love the pursuit of perfection, but also attach importance to cooperation with a delicacy.Western diet varietiesThe famous dishes are Italy, French, American, German, Russian, etc. famous drinks include wine, coffee and black tea.Do you know,why there are so many differences between Chinese and Western diet culture ?just like the menu,western diet is very tidy and serious,but the Chinese is multifarious.Now, you have known the difference of the menu,but do you know why diet has a strong regional character?Actually, western diet due to geographical characteristics, environment, customs, appears in cooking methods ofdifferences in eating habits. People in western countries like to eat pizza, while Chinese people like to eat dumplings.Differences between Chinese and Western culture makes a difference of Chinese and Western food culture.事实上，西方饮食由于地域特色、环境、风俗习惯，出现烹调方法不同程度的差异。
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The Tableware
VS
China
chopsticks
soup spoons bowls
How To Use Chopsticks
1.never stick your chopsticks standing upright in a bowl of food.
2.Do not pass food from chopstick to chopstick.
The Westake • Never take the the last item off last bit from a dish. severing dish
Thank you!
3.Do not use your chopsticks as toys.
The West
P la te s k n iv e s
, F o rk s
,
Keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.
Done –
.
Pay more attention to keeping nutrition ,western cook food in A more simple way than Chinese .
• • • • •
When we boil noodles or dumplings, When we deal with the vegetables, When we fry the meat, Do you know… So
• Sandwich pizza • Hamburger (refined grains精粮)milk,beef , • Salad， chocolate， cake
The difference
• Western: • Appease hunger • prefers to kinds of meat or the whole piece of chicken • Chinese : • More eating plants (have 600 varieties ) • Vegetables (main dishes to Chinese)
Fry boil Deep fry stew bake steam stir-fry braise grill
The western • Grill • Roast • Bake • Pan Broil • Gratin • Deep Fry
Chinese seek delicious food, The actions during cooking may destroy the nutrition constituent
nutrition
China
Care about is its color, smell, taste, shape.
The art of cooking.
Chinese Dish
• double - fried pork. • 100-year egg • Wonton noodles
• Kung Pao Chicken
Resting —
Resting
.
wait for the second helping —
Done –
favourable
Utensils placement in the meal
Utensils placement after the meal
unfavourable
China
There are more than 50 kinds of main cooking ways in China.
The diet culture comparison
China
The West
*The Diet Idea *The Diet Structure *The Tableware *The Table Manners
The West
1.Do not care about the food color, fragrance taste and shape but the
The table manners
You have your own plate of food .
The dishes are placed on the table .
China : Finish the drink at once
The west : enjoy themselves
The Chinese : host like to put the food to guests
• Bean Sauce Tofu
Stewed Pork • BallinBrown Sauce •
B.B.Q. Pork
• Stinky tofu
• rice, noodles and porridge (coarse grains粗粮) • Mainly vegetables fruits • Tofu provides protein • syrup