规划常用中英文对照
建筑专业名词中英文对照
建筑专业名词中英文对照1．设计指标：statistics用地面积：site area建筑占地面积：building foot print总建筑面积：total area建筑面积floor area，building area地上建筑面积：ground area地下建筑面积：underground area整体面积需求: Demand for built area公共绿地：public green land备用地用地：reserved land容积率：FAR建筑密度：building coverage绿地率：green ratio绿化率：green landscape ratio建筑高度：building height层数：number of floors停车位：parking unit地面停车：ground parking地下停车：underground parking使用面积：usable area公用面积：public area实用面积：effective area居住面积：living area计租面积rental area?租用面积得房率：effien开间bay进深depth跨度span坡度：slope，grade净空：clearance净高：clear height净空（楼梯间下）：headroom净距：clear distance套内面积：unit constraction area公摊面积：shared public area竣工面积：辅助面积：service area结构面积：structural area交通面积：communication area，passage area共有建筑面积：common building area共有建筑面积分摊系数：common building area amount coefficient 公用建筑面积：public building area销售面积：sales area绿化覆盖率：green coverage ratio净高：clear height公用建筑面积分摊系数：public building area amount coefficient住宅用地：residential area其他用地：公共服务设施用地：land for public facilities道路用地：land for roads公共绿地：public green space道路红线：road property line建筑线（建筑红线）：set back line用地红线：property line，boundary line第一轮：1st round计划和程序：schedule and program工程进度表：working schedule构造材料表：list of building materials and construction设计说明：design statement图纸目录和说明：list of drawings and descriptions项目标准：project standards总结：conclusion文本及陈述：封皮：cover目录：content技术经济指标：technical and economical index概念规划设计：conceptual master paln and architectural design基地分析：location analysis项目区位分析图：description of the region site and city space view analyze 概念构思说明：chief design concept指导思想（设计主旨）：key concepts概述：introduction宗旨：mission statement愿景及设计效果：vision and design concept城市空间景观分析：urban space landscape identity绿化景观分析：landscape analysis交通分析：traffic analysis生态系统：ecological system地块A：area A模型照片：model images案例分析：case study草图：sketches设计构思草图：concept sketches规划总平面图：site plan功能分区图：function organization单体透视图：unit perspective1-1剖面图：section 1-1立面图：elevation沿街立面图：street elevation平面图：plan地下一层平面图：basement plan；B1 plan首层平面图：F1 plan；ground floor plan二层平面图：2F floor plan设计阶段stages of design草图sketch方案scheme初步设计preliminary design施工图working drawing平面图plan平面放大图plan in enlarged scale剖面图section立面图elevation节点详图detail drawing透视图perspective drawings鸟瞰图birds-eye view示意图schematic diagram区划图block plan位置图location示意图：schematic diagram背景介绍：project background报告书目的：purpose of report专案区位背景：Context of 。
常用规划专用词汇中英文对照
常用规划专用词汇中英文对照规划Sketch rough map 草图Plan 平面Section 剖面Elevation 立面（正面图\海拔）Perspective 透视图Diagram 示意图、图表Cubage 容积率\体积Coverage 覆盖率Urban design; civic design 城市设计Regional planning 地域(整个地区)规划(设计)Walking axis 步行轴General planning 概要规划master planning 总规划District planning 区域规划Immediate planning 近期建设规划Detailed planning 详细设计、细部设计Control detailed planning 控制性详细规划Site planning 修建性详细规划Urbanization 城市化Urban ecology 城市生态Economy energy sources 经济能量来源Sustainable development 可持续发展Plan of preservation of historic cities历史性城市的保护设计Urban redevelopment 旧城改造、城市修建Development area 开发区Urbanization level 城市化水平Agglomeration城市群Urban system 城市的系统Satellite town 卫星城市（城镇）Urban infrastructure 城市的基础设施Settlement 居民点City 城市Municipality; city 市Town 城镇Administrative region of a city城市的管理区域Commercial district 商业区Civil district民政区域Residential district planning居住区规划Ranger district 护林区Tree seed orchard 树木种植园绿地Percentage of greenery coverage绿化覆盖率Ratio of green space绿地率Landscaping within factory工厂绿化Landscaping of square广场绿化Landscaping of residential area居住区绿化Improved vegetation & wildlife谷底植栽场Landscaping around public building公共建筑绿化Indoor garden室外绿化Urban green 城市绿化Urban green space system城市绿化系统Public green space公共绿地Park公园Green belt 绿地Specified green space专用绿地Green buffer防护绿地空间(建筑)Parlor客厅Washroom; toilet卫生间、洗手间Balcony阳台、包厢Bathroom浴室Cabinet橱柜Courtyard building庭院建筑Dining-room ; dining hall餐厅Entrance入口Kitchen厨房Roof屋顶Kid room儿童房Dollhouse儿童游乐室Living room起居室Pavilion亭、阁Private garden私家花园Resident住宅Shared zone共享空间Toilet洗手间Servants hall用人房Scale比例Element要素、自然环境conference center会议中心Retail shop零售商店Theatre剧院园林景观Arbor乔木Shrub灌木Band stone铺石Car park below地下车库Carved paving bands曲线形铺地Cartilage Garth 庭园Courtyard identification sign标志牌Courtyard 庭院Fall瀑布Feature景色Footpath步道Garden bridge园桥Garden and park园林Herbage草本植物Liana藤本植物Natural cut stone砌石Pave铺地Pavilion 亭、阁Pavilion on terrace榭Planting植被Planting beds 花坛Plaza大广场Platform台Deck promenade栈道Pole lights灯柱Pool小水池Sculpture雕塑常用的景观英文(参考)1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行)MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE main entrance gate/guard house (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN ) for vehicle& pedestrian2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行)2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE 2nd entrance gate/guard house (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR. Entrance to shopping ctr.4.水景WATER FEATURE water feature5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE mini amphitheatre6.迎宾景观-1WELCOMING FEATURE-1 welcoming feature-17.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING) timber deck (viewing)8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN bamboo garden9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA walkway plaza10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE out door cafe11.巨大迎宾水景-2GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-2 grand welcoming feature-212.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE timber bridge13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S rock's cape waterfall'sGROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE grotto/ viewing terrace14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE hanging bridge15.休憩台地(低处)LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER ) lounging terrace (lower )16.休憩台地(高处)LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER ) Lounging terrace (upper )17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE feature stepping stone18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD river wild19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND children's playground20.旱冰道SLIDE Slide21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT badminton court 网球场Tennis court 22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE dry landscape23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN Japanese garden24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN dry fountain25.观景台VIEWING DECK viewing deck26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL swimming pool27.极可意JACUZZI Jacuzzi28.嬉水池WADING POOL wading pool29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL children's pool30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING W ALL winding wall31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE rock sculpture32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA central plaza33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA exercise plaza34.桥BRIDGE bridge35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA meditating plaza36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMA TION tree battle formation37.停车场PARING AREA paring area38.特色花架TRELLIS trellis39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL sculpture trail40.(高尔夫)轻击区PUTTING GREEN putting green41.高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE golf clubhouse42.每栋建筑入口ENTRANCE PA VING TO UNIT entrance paving to unit43.篮球场BASKETBALL COURT basketball court44.网球场TENNIS COURT tennis court45.阶梯坐台/种植槽TERRACING SEATW ALL/PLANTER terracing seat wall / planter 46.广场MAIN PLAZA main plaza47.森林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN W ATERFALL forest garden waterfall48.石景园ROCKERY GARDEN rockery garden49.旱溪DRY STREAM dry stream50.凉亭PA VILION Pavilion51.户外淋浴OUTDOOR SHOWER outdoor shower52.拉膜结构TENSILE STRUCTURE tensile structure53.台阶STAIR stair54.高尔夫球车停车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR ) parking ( golf car )55.健身站EXERCISE STATION exercise station56.晨跑小路JOGGING FOOTPA TH jogging footpath57.车道/人行道DRIVEW AY /SIDEW ALK driveway /sidewalk58.人行漫步道PROMENADE promenade59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场)WATER FALL AND DANCING water fall and dancing FOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA ) fountain ( entry plaza )60.特色入口ENTRY FEATURE entry feature61.石景广场ROCKERY PLAZA rockery plaza中国古典园林------classical Chinese garden中国传统园林-------traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林-------ancient Chinese garden中国山水园----------Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑--------- imperial palace garden皇家园林----------royal garden私家园林-----------private garden江南园林--------------garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林---------------western classical garden英国式园林-------------------- English style garden中英混合式园林--------------Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林------------------ Italian style garden西班牙式园林----------------Spanish style garden法兰西式园林------------------French style garden勒诺特尔式园林---------------Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园--------------------Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林-----------------------Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林---------------------Baroque style garden庄园--------------------------manor, villa garden廊柱园-----------------------peristyle garden, patio绿廊----------------------------xystus迷阵-----------------------------maze, labyrinth灵囿-------------------------- Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼---------------Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台---------------Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫-------------E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑---------------Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫---------------Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫----------------Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫----------------Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳-------------------Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园----------------Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园-------------------Yi-HE Y uan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄---------------Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林----------------------Suzhou traditional garden悬园----------- Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。
常用规划英文词汇
居住密度( Residential density )居住区内的人口数或住房套数与居住区面积之比，分毛密度与净密度两种。
毛密度指单位面积上的人口数或住户房套数与居住区总面积（包括住房用地及公共服务设施，道路和人行道）。
而净密度则仅按住房用地计算。
在xx，居住密度有三个主要指标：（1）居住人口密度；（2）居住建筑面积密度；（3）居住面积密度。
高层高密度( High-rise/high density )在一块土地上建造多栋高层建筑，而其间或四周只余较小空间或小块空地，该块土地上的居住密度因而很高。
这种作法常在可建造用地的比较紧张的城市中采用，例如香港。
高层低密度( High-rise/low density )住房建设的一种方法，即建造一栋或数栋供多户居住的高层公寓楼，而将建设用地的大部分留作空地或绿地。
建筑面积比( Floor-area ratio )在美国，指控制建筑物体积的指标，即将允许的总建筑面积以用地面积的倍数表示。
例如，在一万五千平方英尺的土地上，如建筑面积比为2，即表示其上所建的总建筑面积不得超过三万平方英尺。
在英国其相应指标称“容积率”和“建筑面积指标”。
居住建筑面积( Residential floor area )在中国，指居住建筑的全部建筑面积，即各层外墙皮内的全部楼面积，包括各居住单元的居住面积、辅助面积、公共面积和结构所占的面积。
建筑高度( Building height )建筑物垂直方向的大小，以层数或尺寸（英尺或米）计。
市区的建筑高度一般有规定。
，根据住宅建筑设计规范，一至三层为低层，四至六层为多层，七至九层为中高层，十至三十层为高层。
建筑红线( Building line )按地方建筑规范的规定，建筑物外立面所不能超出的界线。
xx设计与历史性建筑保护城市设计( Urban design )指确定一个城市的活动与目标的总体空间布局，使其具有吸引力并使人感到赏心悦目。
城市设计复杂过程中在于以城市的实体安排与居民的社会心理健康的相互关系为重点。
城市规划专业术语英汉对照
城市规划专业英语unban planning 城市规划town planning 城镇规划act of urban planning 城市规划法urban comprehensive/master planning 城市总体规划urban detailed planning 城市详细规划Residentiral district detailed planning 修建性详规regulatory detailed planning 控制性详规protection planning of historic cities 历史名城保护规划规划类的专业课程reginal planning 区域规划urban system planning 城镇体系规划urban sociology 城市社会学urban economic 城市经济学urban geography 城市地理学urban infrastructure planning 城市基础设施规划urban immediate planning 城市近期建设规划Community planning 社区规划Flood control planning 防洪规划electricity supply planning 供电规划water supply planning供水规划gas supply planning 供气规划urban water supply and drainage planning城市给排水规划urban road system and transportation planning城市道路系统和交通规划Land planning 用地规划Site planning 场地规划Urban growth 城市扩建Urban revitalization 城市复苏Urban agglomeration 城市群urban road cross-section城市道路横断面urban management information system 城市管理信息系统GIS =geograghy information system 地理信息系统RS=remote sensing 遥感Gardening==Landscape architecture园林=营造景观学/景观建筑学Ecological system 生态系统Urban landscape planning and design 城市景观规划和设计Urban green space system planning 城市绿地系统规划Urban design 城市设计•Land-use planning 土地利用规划Land use density 土地利用强度Building interval 建筑间距Urban sub-center 城市副中心The cultural and historic planning 历史文化名城Protection planning 保护规划Urbanization 城市化Urbanization level 城市化水平Suburbanization 郊区化Public participation 公众参与Sustainable development 可持续性发展Urban sustainable development 城市可持续发展Over-all urban layout 城市整体布局Pedestrian crossing 人行横道Human scale 人体尺寸Street furniture 街道小品Street tree 行道树Fountain 喷泉Public park/garden 公园History of gardening 造园史sculpture 雕塑planning design 种植设计plant 乔木shrub 灌木landscape designer 景观设计师mini-park/pocket park 袖珍公园urban landmark 城市地标Nature reserve 自然保护区Landscape characteristic 园林特色tea bar 茶吧Traffic and parking 交通与停车Landscape node 景观节点Landscape core 景观核Landscape bond 景观带•Brief history of urban planning Archaeological 考古学的Habitat 住处Aesthetics 美学Geometrical 几何学的Floor area ratio 容积率Greening rate 绿地率Population density 人口密度Legend 图例Scale 比例尺Traffic flow density 交通流密度Boundary line of roads 道路红线Topography map 地形图Moat/cannel 护城河Green buffer 防护绿地Wetland 湿地Vegetation 植被Indoor plants 室内植物Buffer zone 缓冲区Vehicles 车辆，交通工具mechanization 机械化merchant-trader 商人阶级urban elements 城市要素proposed plaza 拟建广场plazas 广场malls （原意）林荫道•The city and regionAdaptable 适应性强的Organic entity 有机体Department stores 百货商店Opera 歌剧院Symphony 交响乐团Cathedrals 教堂Density 密度Circulation 循环Elimination of water 水处理措施In three dimensional form 三维的Condemn 谴责Rural area 农村地区Regional planning agencies 区域规划机构Service-oriented 以服务为宗旨的Frame of reference 参考标准Distribute 分类Water area 水域Alteration 变更Inhabitants 居民Motorway 高速公路Update 改造论文写作Abstract 摘要Key words 关键词Reference 参考资料•Urban problemDimension 大小Descendant 子孙，后代Luxury 奢侈Dwelling 住所Edifices 建筑群<Athens Charter>雅典宪章Residence 居住Employment 工作Recreation 休憩Transportation交通Swallow 吞咽，燕子Urban fringes 城市边缘Anti- 前缀，反对……的；如：antinuclear反核的anticlockwise逆时针的Pro- 前缀，支持，同意……的；如：pro-American 亲美的pro-education重教育的Grant 助学金，基金Sewage 污水Sewer 污水管Sewage treatment plant 污水处理厂Brain drain 人才流失Drainage area 汇水面积Traffic flow 交通量Traffic concentration 交通密度Traffic control 交通管制Traffic bottleneck 交通瓶颈地段Traffic island 交通岛（转盘）Traffic point city 交通枢纽城市Train-make-up 编组站Urban redevelopment 旧城改造Urban revitalization 城市复苏•Urban FunctionUrban fabric 城市结构Urban form 城市形体Urban function orientation 城市功能定位Urban characteristic 城市特征Designated function of city 城市性质Traffic point city 交通枢纽城市Warehouse 仓库Material processing center 原料加工中心Religious edifices 宗教建筑Correctional institution 教养院Transportation interface 交通分界面CBD=central business district 城市中心商业区Public agencies of parking 停车公共管理机构Energy conservation 节能Individual building 单一建筑Mega-structures 大型建筑Mega- 大，百万，强Megalopolis 特大城市Megaton 百万吨R residence land use 居住用地黄色C commercial land use 商业用地红色M manufacture land use/industrial land use 工业用地紫褐色W warehouse land use 仓储用地紫色T transportation 交通用地蓝灰色Inter-city transportation land use 对外交通用地S roads and squares land use 道路广场用地留白处理U municipal utilities land use 市政公共设施用地接近蓝灰色G green space 绿地绿色P particular/specially-designated land use特殊用地E 水域及其他用地（除E外，其他合为城市建设用地）Corporate 公司的，法人的Corporation 公司企业Accessibility 可达性；易接近Service radius 服务半径Reservation of open space 预留公共空间•Urban landscapeTopography 地形图Well-matched 相匹配Ill-matchedVisual landscape 视觉景观Visual environment 视觉环境Visual landscape capacity 视觉景观容量Tour industry 旅游业Service industry 服务业Relief road 辅助道路Rural population 城镇居民Roofline 屋顶轮廓线风景园林四大要素：landscape plantArchitecture/buildingTopographyWater•Urban designNature reserve 自然保护区Civic enterprise 市政企业Artery 动脉，干道，大道Land developer 土地开发商Broad thorough-fare 主干道•Water supply and drainageA water supply for a town 城市给水系统Storage reservoir 水库，蓄水库Distribution reservoir 水库，配水库Distribution pipes 配水管网Water engineer 给水工程师Distribution system 配水系统Catchment area 汇水面积Open channel 明渠Sewerage system 污水系统，排污体制Separate 分流制Combined 合流制Rainfall 降水Domestic waste 生活污水Industrical waste 工业污水Stream flow 河流流量Runoff 径流Treatment plant 处理厂Sub-main 次干管Branch sewer 支管City water department 城市供水部门•UrbanizationSpatial structure 空间转移Labor force 劳动力Renewable 可再生Biosphere 生物圈Planned citiesBlueprints 蓝图License 执照，许可证Minerals 矿物Hydroelectric power source 水利资源Monuments 纪念物High-rise apartment 高层建筑物Lawn 草坪Soft landscape 软质景观Hard landscape 硬质景观Urban amenity 城市宜人设施Regional park 区域性公园Pavement 铺装Sidewalk 人行道Avenue 林荫道Winding street/wandering road 曲折的路Flower bed 花坛Hedge 树篱Green fencing 绿篱Riverside landscape bond 滨河景观带Palm 棕榈Recreation center 游憩中心Arched corridor 拱廊Multilayer planting 多层植物配置Riverside park 滨河公园Bank line 岸线Athletics park 运动公园Yacht 游艇Landscape bond around the city 环城景观带Central landscape bond 中央景观带Brook 小溪Front yard 前院Small-bounding wall小围墙Liana 藤本植物Plant configuring 植物配置Ever-green 常绿Hardwoods 阔叶林Ground cover 地被植物Oasis 绿洲Sub-space 亚空间Secondary seating 辅助性休息设施Mounds of grass 草丘Step with a view 眺台Seating wall 坐墙Seating capacity 座椅容量Planter 种植池Dramatic grade change 剧烈的坡度变化Eye-catching feature 引人注目的景物Drinking fountain 饮水设备Trash container 垃圾桶Reception/information 询问处Sign system 标志系统•A view of VeniceMetropolis 都市Urban renewal 城市更新Urban redevelopment 城市改造Construction work 市政建设Slums 平民窟Alleys 大街小巷Populate 居住Gothic 哥特式Renaissance 文艺复兴式Baroque 巴洛克式。
部分规划用语中英文对照
部分规划用语中英文对照（持续更新中）2011年12月05日 09:38:51Contents 目录Overall Site 总场地Global position 地理位置Location Plan 位置图Site photos 现场照片 Vision 规划远视Overall master plan 总体规划 Concept plan 概念图Multi-cultural area-concept plan 多元文化区 - 概念图Hot spring well-being area-concept plan 温泉安康区 - 概念图Agri-recreational area-concept plan 休闲农业区 - 概念图 Outdoor sports 户外运动区Land use schedule 用地指标Land use plan 用地规划图 Circulation 交通流线Infrastructure 基础设施配套Infrastructure plan 基础设施配套图Ecology environment protection 生态环境保护文档冲亿季，好礼乐相随mini ipad移动硬盘拍立得百度书包Planning basis 规划根据Investment return analysis 投入产出分析 Event calendar 项目览表 E x amp l e s 案例Detail plan 大样图Shadow studies 日照分析图 Building height 建筑高度 Building use 建筑用途Circulation plan 交通流线图On ground parking+circulation 地面停车场 + 交通流线 Building levels 建筑标高Basement parking 地下室停车场 Section lines 剖面图引线 Section 剖面图Road section 道路剖面图 Phase 1一期 ( A )开发 Starting area 起步区 Phasing 分期Cycling trail 自行车道继续更新中。
城市规划术语中英对照
中文(香港)
中文(中国)
中文(台湾)
1
allied city planning
---
联合城市规划
2
base map
底图
（城市规划的）基本地图，基本图
3
basic frame
---
（城市规划的）基本结构
4
boundary of planning area
规划区界线
城市规划区之界线
5
charter Athenes
24
International Housing and Town Planning Committee
---
国际住宅和城市规划会议
25
metropolitan planning
---
特大城市规划，大都市区规划
26
modern city planning
---
现代城市规划
27
municipal planning act
中央执行管制及检控组〔规划署〕
---
34
central planning authority
---
中央规划机构
35
centralized planning
---
集中规划
36
charter Athenes
---
（1933年确定城市规划原则的）雅典宪章
37
Chicagoarea transportation study
---
制定远景规划
6
advisory plan
---
纲要计划，纲要性规划
7
advocacy planning
倡导式规划
倡导式规划，建议性规划
城市规划与建筑设计术语中英文对照
文对照城市和城市化2.0.1 居民点 settlement人类按照生产和生活需要而形成的集聚定居地点。
按性质和人口规模，居民点分为城市和乡村两大类。
2.0.2 城市（城镇）city以非农不业和非农业人口聚集为主要特征的居民点。
包括按国家行政建制设立的市和镇。
2.0.3 市 municipality;city经国家批准设市建制的行政地域。
2.0.4 镇 town.经国家批准设市建制的行政地域。
2.0.5 市域 administrative region of a city城市行政管辖的全部地域。
2.0.6 城市化 urbanization人类生产和生活方式由乡村型向城市型转化的历史过程，表现为乡村人口向城市人口转化以及城市不断发展和完善的过程。
又称城镇化、都市化。
2.0.7 城市化水平 urbanization level衡量城市化发展程度的数量指标，一般用一定地域内城市人口占总人口的比例来表示。
2.0.8 城市群 agglomeration一定地域内城市分布较为密集的地区。
2.0.9 城镇体系 urban system一定区域内在经济、社会和空间发展上具有有机联系的城市群体。
2.0.10 卫星城（卫星城镇）satellite town在大城市市区外围兴建的、与市区既有一定距离又相互间密切联系的城市。
城市规划概述3.0.1 城镇体系规划 urban system planning一定地域范围内，以区域生产力合理布局和城镇职能分工为依据，确定不同人口规模等级和职能分工的城镇的分布和发展规划。
3.0.2 城市规划 urban planning对一定时期内城市的经济和社会发展、土地利用、空间布局以及各项建设的综合部署、具体安排和实施管理。
3.0.3 城市设计 urban design对城市体型和空间环境所作的整体构思和安排，贯穿于城市规划的全过程。
3.0.4 城市总体规划纲要master planning outline确定城市总体规划和重大原则的纲领性文件，是编制城市总体规划的依据。
城市景观规划设计毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献
网络设计与规划中英文对照外文翻译文献
网络设计与规划中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA)1.T he challenges facing businessesAlthough a large number of IT capital investment, but many companies have found that most of the critical network resources and information assets remain in the free state. In fact, can not have hundreds of "orphaned" applications and databases communicate with each other is a common business phenomenon.This is partly due to growing internal and external customers, but due to unpredictable demand. Many companies have been forced to rapidly deploy new technologies, often leading to the deployment of a plurality of discrete systems, and thus can not effectively share information across the organization. For example, if you do not create the applications and information together various overlapping networks, sales, customer service or purchasing department will not be able to easily access customer records. Many companies have found that the blind expansion brought them multiple underutilized and irreconcilable separation systems and resources. These disparate systems while also difficult to manage and expensive to administer.2. Intelligent Information Network - The Cisco AdvantageCisco Systems, Inc. ® With the Intelligent Information Network (IIN) program, is helping global IT organizations solve these problems and meet new challenges, such as the deployment of service-oriented architecture, Web services and virtualization. IIN elaborated network in terms of promoting the development of integrated hardware and software, which will enable organizations to better align IT resources with business priorities. By intelligent built into the existing network infrastructure, IIN will help organizations achieve lower infrastructure complexity and cost advantages.3. Power NetworksInnovative IT environment focused on by traditional server-based system to distributenew business applications. However, the network is still transparent connectivity and support IT infrastructure platform for all components. Cisco ® Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA), enterprises can optimize applications, processes and resources to achieve greater business benefits. By providing better network capabilities and intelligence, companies can improve the efficiency of network-related activities, as well as more funds for new strategic investments and innovation.Standardization reduces the amount of assets needed to support the same operating costs, thereby improving asset efficiency. Virtualization optimizes the use of assets, physical resources can be divided logically for use in all sectors of the dispersion. Improve the efficiency of the entire network can enhance the flexibility and scalability, and then have a huge impact on business development, customer loyalty and profits - thereby enhancing their competitive advantage.4. Use architecture to succeedCisco SONA framework illustrates how companies should develop into intelligent information network to accelerate applications, business processes and resources, and to IT to provide enterprises with better service.Cisco SONA Cisco and Cisco partner solutions in the industry, services and experience to provide proven, scalable business solutions.Cisco SONA framework illustrates how to build on the full integration of the intelligent network integration system, in order to greatly improve the flexibility and efficiency.Enterprises can deploy this integrated intelligence among the entire network, including data centers, branch offices and campus environments.4-1 Cisco Service-Oriented Network ArchitectureApplication layer business applications collaborative applicationsInteractive Services Layer Application Networking Services Adaptive Management ServicesInfrastructure ServicesNetwork infrastructure virtualizationNetwork infrastructure layer Park branch office data center WAN / MAN teleworkers Client server storageIntelligent Information Network5. Three levels of Cisco SONANetwork infrastructure layer, where all the IT resources on the Internet converged network platformInteractive services layer, the use of network infrastructure, applications and business processes efficient allocation of resourcesApplication layer, contains business applications and collaboration applications, take advantage of the efficiency of interactive servicesIn the network infrastructure layer of Cisco's proven enterprise architecture provides comprehensive design guide that provides a comprehensive, integrated end-system design guidelines for your entire network.In the interactive services layer, Cisco will integrate a full-service intelligent systems to optimize the distribution business and collaboration applications, thereby providing more predictable, more reliable performance, while reducing operating costs.At the application layer, through deep integration with the network fabric, Cisco application networking solutions without having to install the client or change the application, the entire application delivery while maintaining application visibility and security.6. Build business advantage of Cisco SONASimpler, more flexible, integrated infrastructure will provide greater flexibility and adaptability, and thus a lower cost for higher commercial returns. Use Cisco SONA, you will be able to improve overall IT efficiency and utilization, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of IT, we call network multiplicative effect.7. Network amplification effectZoom effect refers to the network to help enterprises enhance the contribution of IT across the enterprise through Cisco SONA. Optimal efficiency and use IT resources will be more low-cost to produce higher impact on the business, so that your network of value-added resources become profitable.Network amplification effect is calculated as follows:Efficiency = Cost ÷ IT assets (IT assets cost + operating costs)Utilization percentage (such as the percentage of available storage being used) assets to total assets used =Effectiveness = Efficiency x usageAsset Effectiveness Network amplifying effect = assets ÷ efficacy when using the Cisco SONA when not in use Cisco SONA8. Investment incomeCisco Advantage Cisco SONA in intelligent systems is not only to improve efficiency and reduce costs. By Cisco SONA, through the power of your network can achieve:Increase in income and opportunityImproved customer relationsImprove business resiliency and flexibilityIncrease productivity and efficiency and reduce costs9. Real-Time DevelopmentBy Cisco SONA toward more intelligent integrated network development, enterprises can be completed in phases: integration, standardization, virtualization and automation. Working with Cisco channel partner or customer groups, you can use the Cisco SONA framework to develop a blueprint for the development of enterprises. With rich experience in Cisco Lifecycle Management Services, a leading position in the field of standardization, mature enterprise architecture and create targeted industry solutions, Cisco account team can help you meet business requirements in real time.10.The development of the Intelligent Information NetworkRole of the network is evolving. Tomorrow's intelligent network will provide more than basic connectivity, bandwidth and application user access services, which will provide end functionality and centralized control, to achieve true enterprise transparency and flexibility.Cisco SONA enables enterprises to extend their existing infrastructure, towards the development of intelligent network to accelerate applications and improve business processes. Cisco provides design, support and financing services to maximize your return on investment.服务导向网络架构(SONA)1．企业面临的挑战尽管投入大量IT资金，但许多企业发现大多数的关键网络资源和信息资产仍处于游离状态。
城乡规划专业英语复习资料-翻译
1.Shortly thereafter, businesses wishing to avoid the high rent of downtown office buildings moved to less dense office parks outside the city.此后不久，企业希望避免市中心办公楼的高租金，搬到城市外面密度小的办公园区。
2.Proliferation(激增，扩散)of housing developments, strip mall(单排商业街，沿公路商业街)，and office parks robs just as much “nature”from a suburb( 郊区) as skyscrapers and apartment buildings do from the city.住宅发展和沿公路商业街、办公园区的扩散，像抢夺“自然”一样，郊区的摩天大楼的公寓像城市一样。
3.Finally the placement of houses set back on large lots and the dependence of suburbanities on an automobile prevents the day-to-day interaction among neighbors, thus denying the residents a sense of community that is seen in the old-time neighborhoods in the city.最后安置房的布置决定了郊区市民必须依靠摩托车来维持每日的邻里交流，所以否定了以前城市中所见的社区邻里之间的归属感。
4.In 1898, social reformer Ebenezer Howard promulgated(颁布，宣布) a scheme( 方案、体制 ) to build new towns rather than add population to the already large cities, called the garden city plan.1898年，社会改革家霍德华颁布了一个方案，去建造一个新的城区而不是增加人口的大城市，称之为花园城市规划。
城乡规划专业词汇
城乡规划专业词汇英汉对照表urban planning 城市规划town planning 城镇规划act of urban planning 城市规划法urban comprehensive planning 城市总体规划urban detailed planning 城市详细规划Residential district detailed planning 修建性详规regulatory detailed planning 控制性详规regional planning 区域规划urban system planning 城镇体系规划urban sociology 城市社会学urban economic 城市经济学urban geography 城市地理学urban infrastructure planning 城市基础设施规划water supply and drainage, electricity supply, road building 城市供水、供电、道路修建urban road system and transportation planning 城市道路系统和交通规划urban road cross-section 城市道路横断面urban road cross-section 城市道路横断面urban management information system 城市管理信息系统GIS=geography information system 地理信息系统RS=remote sensing 遥感Gardening==Landscape architecture 园林=营造景观学Urban landscape planning and design 城市景观规划和设计Urban green space system planning 城市绿地系统规划Urban design 城市设计Land-use planning 土地利用规划The cultural and historic city 历史文化名城Protection planning 保护规划Urbanization 城市化Suburbanization 郊区化Public participation 公众参与Sustainable development(sustainability) 可持续性发展（可持续性）Over-all urban layout 城市整体布局Pedestrian crossing 人行横道Human scale 人体尺寸Street furniture 街道小品sculpture, fountain, teabar 雕塑、喷泉、茶吧Traffic and parking 交通与停车Landscape node 景观节点Spatial structure 空间转移Labor force 劳动力Renewable 可再生Biosphere 生物圈Planned citiesBlueprints 蓝图License 执照，许可证Minerals 矿物Hydroelectric power source 水利资源Monuments 纪念物High-rise apartment 高层建筑物Lawn 草地Pavement 人行道Sidewalk 人行道Winding street 曲折的路Water supply and drainageA water supply for a town 城市给水系统Storage reservoir 水库，蓄水库Distribution reservoir 水库，配水库Distribution pipes 配水管网Water engineer 给水工程师Distribution system 配水系统Catchment area 汇水面积Open channel 明渠Sewerage system 污水系统，排污体制Separate 分流制Combined 合流制Rainfall 降水Domestic waste 生活污水Industrial waste 工业污水Stream flow 河流流量Runoff 径流Treatment plant 处理厂Sub-main 次干管Branch sewer 支管City water department 城市供水部门Urban fabric 城市结构Urban form 城市形体Warehouse 仓库Material processing center 原料加工中心Religious edifices 宗教建筑Correctional institution 教养院Transportation interface 交通分界面CBD=central business district 城市中心商业区Public agencies of parking 停车公共管理机构Energy conservation 节能Individual building 单一建筑Mega-structures 大型建筑Mega- 大，百万，强Megalopolis 特大城市Megaton 百万吨Megalopolis 特大城市Megaton 百万吨Residence land 居住用地Commercial land 商业用地红色Manufacture land 工业用地紫褐色Warehouse land 仓储用地紫色Transportation land 交通用地蓝灰色Square land 道路广场用地留白处理Utilities land 市政公共设施用地接近蓝灰色Greenspace land 绿地绿色Particular land 特殊用地Corporate 公司的，法人的Corporation 公司企业Accessibility 可达性；易接近Service radius 服务半径Urban problemDimension 大小Descendant 子孙，后代Luxury 奢侈Dwelling 住所Edifices 建筑群Residence 居住Employment 工作Recreation 休憩Transportation 交通Swallow 吞咽，燕子Urban fringes 城市边缘Anti- 前缀，反对的；如：antinuclear 反核的anticlockwise 逆时针的Pro- 前缀，支持，同意的；如：pro-American 亲美的pro-education 重教育的Grant 助学金，基金Sewage 污水Sewer 污水管Anti- 前缀，反对的；如：antinuclear 反核的anticlockwise 逆时针的Pro- 前缀，支持，同意的；如：pro-American 亲美的pro-education 重教育的。
十二五规划中英文对照
十二五规划中英文对照(1)A and accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development, and create a new situation of scientific development加快转变经济发展方式，开创科学发展新局面the "11th five-year plan" period of economic and social development achievements. "11th five-year plan" period in history is very common in the past five years. Facing the complex environment changes at home and abroad and major risk challenge, the party to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups, seize the first affair of governing party, implement the party's theory, line, principles and policies implemented correctly and effectively, and give full play to the macro-control of China's socialist system, give full play to the advantages of the politics of the market in resource allocation, the basic role of national historic changes new outlook. We effectively deal with international financial crisis huge impact, and maintain the fast yet steady economic development, and for the long-term good laid an important basis for sustainable development. We overcame the wenchuan earthquake and major natural disaster, the success of Beijing Olympic Games was held in Shanghai world expo, and successful completion of the eleventh five-year plan for the determination of the objectives and tasks. After five years, our country social productive forces strive fast development, the comprehensive national strength increases, people's living standards improved markedly, the international status and influence significantly increased, the socialist economic, political, cultural and social development and the construction of ecological civilization and the party's construction, has made great progress in compose the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The achievements of five hard-won, experience, create the precious spiritual wealth of far-reaching influence.“十一五”时期经济社会发展取得巨大成就。
城市规划专业英语词汇
城市规划专业英语词汇unban planning 城市规划town planning 城镇规划act of urban planning 城市规划法urban comprehensive planning 城市总体规划urban detailed planning 城市详细规划Residentiral district detailed planning 修建性详规regulatory detailed planning 控制性详规规划类的专业课程reginal planning 区域规划urban system planning 城镇体系规划urban sociology 城市社会学urban economic 城市经济学urban geograghy 城市地理学urban infrastructure planning 城市基础设施规划(water supply and drainage \electricity supply\road building)（城市供水、供电、道路修建）urban road system and transportation planning 城市道路系统和交通规划urban road cross-section 城市道路横断面RS=remote sensing 遥感Gardening==Landscape architecture 园林=营造景观学Urban landscape planning and design 城市景观规划和设计Urban green space system planning 城市绿地系统规划Urban design 城市设计Land-use planning 土地利用规划The cultural and historic planning 历史文化名城Protection planning 保护规划Urbanization 城市化Suburbanization 郊区化Public participation 公众参与Sustainable development(sustainability) 可持续性发展（可持续性）Over-all urban layout 城市整体布局Pedestrian crossing 人行横道Human scale 人体尺寸(sculpture fountain tea bar) （雕塑、喷泉、茶吧）Traffic and parking 交通与停车Landscape node 景观节点Brief history of urban planningArchaeological 考古学的Habitat 住处Aesthetics 美学Geometrical 几何学的Moat 护城河Vehicles 车辆，交通工具,mechanization 机械化merchant-trader 商人阶级urban elements 城市要素plazas 广场malls 林荫道The city and region Adaptable 适应性强的Organic entity 有机体Department stores 百货商店Opera 歌剧院Symphony 交响乐团Cathedrals 教堂Density 密度CapacityCirculation 循环Elimination of water 水处理措施In three dimensional form 三维的Condemn 谴责Rural area 农村地区Regional planning agencies 区域规划机构Service-oriented 以服务为宗旨的Frame of reference 参考标准Distribute 分类Water area 水域Alteration 变更Inhabitants 居民Motorway 高速公路Update 改造论文写作Abstract 摘要Key words 关键词Reference 参考资料Urban problemDimension 大小Descendant 子孙，后代Luxury 奢侈Dwelling 住所Edifices 建筑群<Athens Charter>雅典宪章Residence 居住Employment 工作Recreation 休憩Transportation交通Swallow 吞咽，燕子Urban fringes 城市边缘Anti- 前缀，反对……的；如：antinuclear反核的 anticlockwise 逆时针的Pro- 前缀，支持，同意……的；如：pro-American 亲美的pro-education重教育的Grant 助学金，基金Sewage 污水Sewer 污水管Sewage treatment plant 污水处理厂Brain drain 人才流失Drainage area 汇水面积Traffic flow 交通量Traffic concentration 交通密度Traffic control 交通管制Traffic bottleneck 交通瓶颈地段Traffic island 交通岛（转盘）Traffic point city 交通枢纽城市Train-make-up 编组站Urban redevelopment 旧城改造Urban revitalization 城市复苏Urban FunctionUrban fabric 城市结构Urban form 城市形体Warehouse 仓库Material processing center 原料加工中心Religious edifices 宗教建筑Correctional institution 教养院Transportation interface 交通分界面CBD=central business district 城市中心商业区Public agencies of parking 停车公共管理机构Energy conservation 节能Individual building 单一建筑Mega-structures 大型建筑Mega- 大，百万，强Megalopolis 特大城市Megaton 百万吨R residence 居住用地黄色C commercial 商业用地红色M manufacture 工业用地紫褐色W warehouse 仓储用地紫色T transportation 交通用地蓝灰色S square 道路广场用地留白处理U utilities 市政公共设施用地接近蓝灰色G green space 绿地绿色P particular 特殊用地E 水域及其他用地（除E外，其他合为城市建设用地）Corporate 公司的，法人的Corporation 公司企业Accessibility 可达性；易接近Service radius 服务半径Urban landscapeTopography 地形图Well-matched 相匹配Ill-matchedVisual landscape 视觉景观Visual environment 视觉环境Visual landscape capacity 视觉景观容量Tour industry 旅游业Service industry 服务业Relief road 辅助道路Rural population 城镇居民Roofline 屋顶轮廓线风景园林四大要素：landscape plantarchitecture/buildingtopographywaterUrban designNature reserve 自然保护区Civic enterprise 市政企业Artery 动脉，干道，大道Land developer 土地开发商Broad thorough-fare 主干道Water supply and drainageA water supply for a town 城市给水系统Storage reservoir 水库，蓄水库Distribution reservoir 水库，配水库Distribution pipes 配水管网Water engineer 给水工程师Distribution system 配水系统Catchment area 汇水面积Open channel 明渠Sewerage system 污水系统，排污体制Separate 分流制Combined 合流制Rainfall 降水Domestic waste 生活污水Industrical waste 工业污水Stream flow 河流流量Runoff 径流Treatment plant 处理厂Sub-main 次干管Branch sewer 支管City water department 城市供水部门UrbanizationSpatial structure 空间转移Labor force 劳动力Renewable 可再生*Biosphere 生物圈Planned citiesBlueprints 蓝图License 执照，许可证Minerals 矿物Hydroelectric power source 水利资源Monuments 纪念物High-rise apartment 高层建筑物Lawn 草地Pavement 人行道Sidewalk 人行道Winding street 曲折的路A view of VeniceMetropolis 都市Construction work 市政建设Slums 平民窟Alleys 大街小巷Populate 居住Gothic 哥特式Renaissance 文艺复兴式Baroque 巴洛克式land allocation拨地Land and Building Advisory Committee [LBAC]土地及建设谘询委员会land assembly汇集土地；征集土地land bank土地储备；土地备用区land classification土地分类；土地分等land cost土地成本land development土地发展Land Development Corporation [LDC]土地发展公司〔土发公司〕Land Development Corporation Managing Board土地发展公司管理局Land Development Corporation Ordinance [Cap. 15]《土地发展公司条例》〔第15章〕land disposal批地land disposal programme批地计划land drainage and flood path system土地排水及防洪道系统Land Drainage Ordinance [Cap. 446]《土地排水条例》〔第446章〕land extensive industry广占土地的工业land form地形land formation土地平整；土地开拓land freight transport陆上货运land grant批地land holding consolidation土地业权收集land index土地指数Land Information System [LIS]土地信息系统land intensive industry土地集约工业land law土地法land lease批地契约；土地契约land levelling土地平整land management土地管理land owner土地拥有人；土地业权人；地主land ownership土地拥有权；土地业权land policy土地政策land premium地价；土地补价land production增辟土地land readjustment土地规划调整land reclamation填海辟地Land Record土地记录land registration土地注册Land Registration Ordinance [Cap. 128]《土地注册条例》〔第128章〕land resource土地资源land resumption收回土地land revenue土地收益land right土地权land sales programme售地计划land status土地类别；土地性质Land Sub-committee [Land and Building Advisory Committee]土地小组委员会〔土地及建设谘询委员会〕land supply土地供应land surveying土地测量land tenure土地年期；土地批租期；土地租用权；土地保有权land transaction土地交易land transport陆上运输land use土地用途land use classification土地用途分类land use control土地用途管制land use performance土地用途效能land use plan土地用途图则；土地用途计划land use survey土地用途调查Land Use Transport Optimization Model [LUTO]土地及运输最佳配合模式land use zoning土地用途地带；土地用途地带区划land valuation土地估价land value地价landed property地产landfill堆填区；垃圾堆填区landlord业主；地主；房东landmark地界标志；地志Lands Tribunal土地审裁处Lands Tribunal Ordinance [Cap. 17]《土地审裁处条例》〔第17章〕landscape景观；风景；园景landscape appraisal景观评估landscape architecture景观建筑学；园林建筑学；园景设计学landscape buffer园景缓冲区landscape conservation area景观保育区landscape mounding景观土丘landscape plan景观设计图landscape planning景观规划landscape protection area景观保护区；风景保护区landscape reinstatement景观重整；园景修复landscape strategy景观策略landscape value景观价值landscaped area景观美化地方；园景美化地方landscaping景观美化；环境美化landscaping proposal美化环境计划书landside非禁区〔机场〕landslide山泥倾泻landslip山泥倾泻lane行车线；车道；小巷Lantau Link青屿干线Lantau Port and Western Harbour Development Studies大屿山港口及西部海港发展研究Lantau Port and Western Harbour Development Studies Final Rep ort--Executive Summary《大屿山港口及西部海港发展研究最后报告──摘要》Lantau Port Development--Stage 1, Container Terminals 10 and11 Ancillary Works (Design) Study大屿山港口发展──第一期工程十号及十一号货柜码头附属工程（设计）研究Lantau Port Development--Stage 1, Container Terminals 10 and 11 (Preliminary Design) Study大屿山港口发展──第一期工程十号及十一号货柜码头（初步设计）研究large site reduction factor大型地盘折减因素latrine厕所launderette自助洗衣店laundry洗衣店；洗衣房lay-by避车处；路旁停车处；停车湾layout布局设计；设计；规划图layout area蓝图区；详细规划区layout plan发展蓝图；详细蓝图leachate treatment works渗滤污水处理厂lead time筹建时间lease批约；租约；租契；契约lease conditions批约条件；契约条件；批地条件；租赁条件；批约条款lease enforcement强制执行批约条款lease modification契约修订lease modification premium契约修订补价lease restriction契约限制lease term契约年期；租赁年期leased area批租地区leased land已批租土地leasehold按租约而持有业权legend图例lessee承租人；租户lessor批租人；出租人Letter "A"甲种换地权益书Letter "B"乙种换地权益书letter of intent意向书letter of modification建筑牌照规约修订书；契约修订书；批地条款修订书level crossing平交道口；铁路公路交叉点level of confidence置信程度level of significance显著水平library图书馆lifeguard tower救生员了望塔light industrial area轻工业区light industry轻工业Light Rail Scheme reserve轻便铁路计划专用范围Light Rail System轻便铁路系统Light Rail Transit [LRT]轻便铁路〔轻铁〕Light Rail Transit reserve轻便铁路专用范围Light Rail Transit terminus轻便铁路总站light traffic交通稀疏light well天井light-controlled junction灯号控制的路口lighter趸船；驳船limited access road限制出入的通道；限制出入的通路linear analysis图线分析linear block相连长形大厦linear city带形城市linear correlation线性相关linear development线状发展linear programming线性规划linear regression线性回归link连接部分；连接线link road连接路linked development相关发展linked project相关计划；相关工程linked signal system联动式交通灯系统linked site相关地盘livability适居程度livestock upgrading area禽畜业发展改善区livestock waste treatment禽畜废物处理living density居住密度living quarters住所living quarters frame屋宇单位记录库living quarters size住所面积load bearing负荷；承重load factor负荷率loading/unloading area上落客货区loading/unloading bay上落客货处loading/unloading facility上落客货设施local access road区内通道local centre地区中心；乡区中心local development value地区性发展价值local distributor地区干路local open space邻舍休憩用地local plan地区规划图local public works地区性小工程；乡村工程local traffic地区交通；区内交通locality地区；地点location plan位置图location theory区位论；位置理论locational requirement位置需求lodging house旅馆Long Term Housing Strategy长远房屋策略Long Term Road Study长期道路研究longitudinal profile纵断面图longitudinal section纵剖面；纵切面long-term development长远发展long-term planning长远规划lookout area观景区lookout pavilion观景亭lookout point观景处；观景台loop road回旋路；环路lorry and car parking货车及汽车停放处lot地段lot amalgamation地段合并lot boundary地段界线lot number地段编号lot section地段分段low tide低潮low-density residential development低密度住宅发展lower catchment area下段集水区lowland低地lowland rural area低地乡郊地区low-rise building矮楼宇；层数较少的楼宇low-rise development低层建筑lump sum contract整笔付款合约MMa Wan Feasibility Study马湾发展可行性研究macro-analysis宏观分析magistracy裁判法院main elevation主立视面maintenance depot维修站maisonette复式住宅major business centre主要商业中心major road主要道路mall商场；购物中心；广场；林荫道mangrove area红树林地区manhole沙井；探井man-land ratio人地比率manufacturing industry制造业map地图；图mapping survey地图制作测量mariculture海鱼养殖marina船只停泊处marine activity海事活动marine borrow area海上采泥区marine dumping area海上倾倒物料区marine engine workshop轮机工场Marine Fill and Disposal Strategy海上填料与倾卸策略marine fish culture海鱼养殖marine fuel depot船舶燃油库marine fuelling station船舶加油站marine mud海岸淤泥marine park海岸公园Marine Parks Ordinance [Cap. 476]《海岸公园条例》〔第476章〕marine research centre海洋研究中心marine reserve海岸保护区marine services support area海事服务后勤用地marine spoil ground海上废土场marine traffic海上交通marine-oriented industrial use与海事有关的工业用途marine-related facility与海事有关的设施marine-related repair workshop与海事有关的修理工场Mark I block [public housing]第一型大厦〔公屋〕Mark II block [public housing]第二型大厦〔公屋〕Mark III block [public housing]第三型大厦〔公屋〕Mark IV block [public housing]第四型大厦〔公屋〕Mark V block [public housing]第五型大厦〔公屋〕Mark VI block [public housing]第六型大厦〔公屋〕market街市；市场；市集market garden果菜园market gardening种植商品果菜market rent市值租金；市面租金market stall街市档位market town墟镇；市镇market value市价；市值marsh沼泽marshalling yard调车场；编组场mart市场；贸易中心；交易会mass transit line集体运输路线Mass Transit Railway [MTR]地下铁路〔地铁〕Mass Transit Railway concourse地下铁路车站大堂Mass Transit Railway depot地下铁路厂房Mass Transit Railway (Land Resumption and Related Provisions) Ordinance [Cap. 276]《地下铁路（收回土地及有关规定）条例》〔第276章〕Mass Transit Railway Modified Initial System地下铁路修正早期系统Mass Transit Railway tunnel地下铁路隧道Mass Transit Railway works area地下铁路工程区mass transit system集体运输系统Mass Transit vent shaft地下铁路通风塔Mass Transit vent shaft and other structures above ground lev el other than entrances地下铁路通风塔及高出路面的其他构筑物（入口除外）massage establishment按摩院master landscape plan园景设计总图master layout plan总纲发展蓝图master plan总纲规划；总纲图master scheme总纲计划material change of use实质改变用途material considerations实质考虑因素matrix矩阵matshed theatre戏棚mature tree成长树木；成材树mausoleum多层式陵墓maxicab/public light bus stand专线小巴／公共小型巴士站maximum attainable level可达到的最高水平maximum building height最高建筑物高度maximum permissible level准许的最高限度maximum population capacity最多可容纳人口数目meadow草场mean平均数mean formation level地基平均水平线；平均地基面mean household size平均家庭人数；平均住户人数mechanism机制；制度median中位数median income收入中位数medical laboratory医疗化验室medium density中等密度megalopolis大都会memorial park纪念公园memorial stone纪念碑mental hospital精神病院merging intersection汇点merging lane合流车道merging traffic合流交通meter room电表房methane沼气metre above Principal Datum [mPd]主水平基准以上……米metro area都会区Metro District Planning Division [Planning Department]都会区规划部〔规划署〕Metro Group Section [Planning Department]都会组〔规划署〕Metro Planning Committee [MPC] [Town Planning Board]都会计划小组委员会〔城市规划委员会〕Metroplan都会计划Metroplan Study都会计划研究metropolis都会metropolitan area都会区mezzanine阁楼micro-analysis微观分析mid-stream operation中流作业migration迁移military area军事地区military camp军营military land军事用地military use军事用途mine矿场minibus小型巴士mining and quarrying采矿及采石业mini-soccer pitch小型足球场minor road次级道路minor supply gathering ground小水量集水区mitigation measure纾缓措施mixed rental/HOS estate租住公屋及居屋混合式屋mixed use building混合用途楼宇mixed woodland混合林地moat护城河；城壕mobile clinic流动诊所mobile labour流动劳动力mobility流动性mock-up flat示范单位modal split各类交通工具乘客率分析mode方式；模式；众数〔统计学〕model模式；模型model flat示范单位modification修订；更改modification of lease修订契约modification of lease conditions契约条件修订modular market标准型街市monastery寺院monastery belt寺院地带Monetized Letter "B"币值化的乙种换地权益书money exchange外币兑换店monitoring监察monorail单轨铁路monument纪念性建筑物；遗址；古mooring buoy系泊浮筒；系船浮泡moratorium延期履行；延期履行权；冻结；冻结期mortality rate死亡率mortuary殓房mosque清真寺motel时租旅店；汽车酒店motor vehicle assembly plant汽车装配厂motor vehicle showroom汽车陈列室motorway高速公路moulding装饰线条mud disposal area弃土倾卸场；卸泥场mudflats泥滩multi-disciplinary涉及多种学科multi-leg intersection多线道路交汇点multi-level junction多层路口multiple ownership共有业权multiple regression analysis复回归分析multi-purpose building多用途楼宇multi-purpose terminal多用途码头multi-service centre for the elderly老人服务中心multi-storey block多层大厦multi-storey building多层大厦multi-storey car park多层停车场multi-storey car/lorry park私家车／货车多层停车场multivariate analysis多元变量分析museum博物馆music bowl露天音乐场music hall音乐厅。
管理学常用词汇中英文对照表
（1）目标 mission/ objective集体目标 group objective内部环境 internal environment外部环境 external environment计划 planning组织 organizing人事 staffing领导 leading控制 controlling步骤 process原理 principle方法 technique经理 manager总经理 general manager行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor企业 enterprise商业 business产业 industry公司 company效果 effectiveness效率 efficiency企业家 entrepreneur权利 power职权 authority职责 responsibility科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science生产率 productivity激励 motivate动机 motive法律 law法规 regulation经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function产品 product服务 service利润 profit满意 satisfaction归属 affiliation自我实现 self-actualization人力投入 human input盈余 surplus收入 income成本 cost资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery设备 equipment建筑 building存货 inventory（2）经验法 the empirical approach人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法 the group behavior approach协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach管理任务法 the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology态度 attitude压力 pressure冲突 conflict招聘 recruit鉴定 appraisal选拔 select培训 train报酬 compensation授权 delegation of authority协调 coordinate业绩 performance考绩制度 merit system表现 behavior下级 subordinate偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record误工记录 record of labor-hours lost产品质量 quality of products先进技术 advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service策略 strategy结构 structure(3)领先性 primacy普遍性 pervasiveness忧虑 fear忿恨 resentment士气 morale解雇 layoff批发 wholesale零售 retail程序 procedure规则 rule规划 program预算 budget共同作用 synergy大型联合企业 conglomerate资源 resource购买 acquisition增长目标 growth goal专利产品 proprietary product竞争对手 rival晋升 promotion管理决策 managerial decision商业道德 business ethics有竞争力的价格 competitive price 供货商 supplier小贩 vendor利益冲突 conflict of interests派生政策 derivative policy开支帐户 expense account批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave休假 vacation工时 labor-hour机时 machine-hour资本支出 capital outlay工资率 wage rate税收率 tax rate股息 dividend现金状况 cash position资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget资产负债表 balance sheet可行性 feasibility投入原则 the commitment principle 投资回报 return on investment生产能力 capacity to produce实际工作者 practitioner最终结果 end result业绩 performance个人利益 personal interest福利 welfare市场占有率 market share创新 innovation生产率 productivity利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility董事会 board of director组织规模 size of the organization组织文化 organizational culture目标管理 management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool激励方法 motivational techniques控制手段 control device个人价值 personal worth优势 strength弱点 weakness机会 opportunity威胁 threat个人责任 personal responsibility顾问 counselor定量目标 quantitative objective定性目标 qualitative objective可考核目标 verifiable objective优先 priority工资表 payroll（4）政策 policy灵活性 discretion多种经营 diversification评估 assessment一致性 consistency应变策略 consistency strategy公共关系 public relation价值 value抱负 aspiration偏见 prejudice审查 review批准 approval主要决定 major decision分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix明星 star问号 question mark现金牛 cash cow赖狗 dog采购 procurement人口因素 demographic factor地理因素 geographic factor公司形象 company image产品系列 product line合资企业 joint venture破产政策 liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy战术 tactics(5)追随 followership个性 individuality性格 personality安全 safety自主权 latitude悲观的 pessimistic静止的 static乐观的 optimistic动态的 dynamic灵活的 flexible抵制 resistance敌对 antagonism(6)激励 motivation潜意识 subconscious地位 status情感 affection欲望 desire压力 pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs归属的需要 affiliation needs安全的需要 security needs生理的需要 physiological needs维持 maintenance保健 hygiene激励因素 motivator概率 probability强化理论 reinforcement theory反馈 feedback奖金 bonus股票期权 stock option劳资纠纷 labor dispute缺勤率 absenteeism人员流动 turnover奖励 reward(7)特许经营 franchise热诚 zeal信心 confidence鼓舞 inspire要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty奉献 devotion作风 style品质 trait适应性 adaptability进取性 aggressiveness热情 enthusiasm人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力 intelligence专制式领导 autocratic leader民主式领导 democratic leader自由放任式领导 free-rein leader管理方格图 the managerial grid工作效率 work efficiency服从 obedience领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership参与型领导 participative leadership指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadership。
室内设计中英文对照
室内设计中英文对照室内设计是一门旨在创造舒适、实用和美观空间的艺术和科学。
它涉及到空间规划、设计布局、材料选择、色彩搭配、家具摆放等方面。
在室内设计中，很多术语需要使用中英文对照，以下是一些常用的室内设计术语与对应的英文翻译：1. 室内设计 Interior design2. 空间规划 Space planning3. 设计布局 Design layout4. 材料选择 Material selection5. 色彩搭配 Color coordination6. 家具摆放 Furniture placement7. 灯光设计 Lighting design8. 装饰品选择 Decoration selection9. 墙面处理 Wall treatment10. 地面处理 Floor treatment11. 窗帘选择 Curtain selection12. 空调布局 Air conditioning layout13. 平面图 Floor plan14. 剖面图 Sectional plan15. 立面图 Elevation plan16. 饰面材料 Finishing material17. 承重墙 Load-bearing wall18. 非承重墙 Non-load-bearing wall19. 抗震设计 Seismic design20. 防水处理 Waterproof treatment21. 施工图 Construction drawing22. 三维设计 3D design23. 翻新装修 Renovation24. 工艺美术 Decorative art25. 排风系统 Ventilation system26. 空调系统 Air conditioning system27. 通风系统 Ventilation system28. 照明系统 Lighting system29. 沙发 Sofa30. 床 Bed31. 餐桌 Dining table32. 椅子 Chair33. 书架 Bookshelf34. 电视柜 TV cabinet35. 橱柜 Kitchen cabinet36. 墙壁 Wall37. 地板 Floor38. 顶棚 Ceiling39. 窗户 Window40. 镜子 Mirror41. 窗帘 Curtain42. 地毯 Carpet43. 灯具 Lighting fixtures44. 花盆 Flower pot45. 装饰画 Wall art46. 装饰品 Decoration47. 绘画 Painting48. 柜台 Counter49. 凳子 Stool50. 酒柜 Wine cabinet以上是一些常见的室内设计术语及其英文对照。
职业生涯规划 中英文
Career Planning1.Assess where you are: To figure out where you're going, you must first look atwhere you've been.Please reflect on your attributes and achievements to date.(5 marks)没来澳洲之前我是在中国的，去过中国的很多地方。
最近二年是生活在澳洲，也去过澳洲很多的地方。
我感觉澳洲城市差异挺大的。
在中国感觉城市差异没那么大。
这个差异可能是对外国人而言的吧。
现实的一点，对于一个中国人来说，现在在澳洲确实得不到很好的发展。
各个方面都处于劣势。
只在澳洲完成了硕士，真的是远远不够的。
作为一个学生，我到现在还没有什么太大的成就吧。
所以我觉得去哪里很显而易见，那就是回国是一个更好的选择。
2.Articulate your goal:What does it look like?Formulating a career goal requiresthinking about your interests, skills, and education and learning aboutdifferent careers and employment trends. Please describe your ideal job and how this job follows the employment trends we mentioned in previous seminars.(5marks)我的目标是开一家小型外贸公司。
这个跟我兴趣关系不大，主要是作为商科的学生，我在回国发展的时候，进入贸易行业会得到更好发展。
而且现在经济全球化，贸易行业会得到飞速发展。
中国也有了全球贸易战略，所以现在进入贸易行业应该是个很好的选择。
[重点]城市中心区规划（中英文）
![[重点]城市中心区规划（中英文）](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7dd502352e60ddccda38376baf1ffc4ffe47e2ca.png)
城市中心区规划（City Center Area Planning）要做好一个城市规划，就要充分了解规划用地的信息，并把规划用地的优势发挥出来，而一个城市规划最重要的就是其中心区的规划.一个好的中心区规划，往往可以使整个城市规划变得出彩。
所以我写个这个关于城市中心区规划的文章。
To do a urban planning, we need to fully understand the information of the planning land, and to exploit the advantages of planning land. The most important one of urban planning is its central area planning, a good central area planning, often the make whole the urban planning become excellent. So I write this articles about the City Center planning .规划用地位于新安江沿岸，傍山依水，风景宜人，其周围有优秀的旅游资源，所以建设一个以旅游为城市性质的城市是个很好的选择。
The land of planning is near the Xin'anjiang it coast hillside and surrounded by water,the scenery there is very beautiful, it has excellent tourism resources around, so the city to build tourism as its nature is a good choice.在以旅游为城市性质的前提下，城市中心区位置的考虑应以满足居民使用需求的同时兼顾旅游及因旅游而拉动的商业发展。
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常见规划专用词汇中英规 划planning绿 地
草图sketch、rough、map绿化覆盖率平面plan绿地率
剖面section工厂绿化
立面elevation广场绿化
透视perspective居住区绿化示意图diagram谷底植栽场容积率cubage公共建筑绿化覆盖率coverage室内绿化
城市设计urban design、civic design城市绿化
区域规划regional planning城市绿化系统步行轴ped.axis公共绿地
总体规划general planning，master planning专用绿地
分区规划district planning防护绿地
近期建设规划immediate plan
城市详细规划detailed planning
控制性详细规划control detailed planning
修建性详细规划site plan建筑空间
居住区规划residential district planning
城市化urbanization剧院
城市生态urban ecology茶楼
可持续发展sustainable development专卖店
历史文化名城保护设计Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities博物馆
旧城改建urban redevelopment电影院
开发区development area商场
城市化水平urbanization level超市
城市群agglomeration体育馆
城镇体系urban system青少年宫
卫星城satellite town图书馆
城市基础设施urban infrastructure棋牌室
居民点settlement健身房
城市city书店
市municipality公园
镇town客厅
市域administrative region of a city卫生间
商业区commercial district阳台
行政中心administration center浴室
商业街commercial street卧室
科技园technological region橱柜、柜、密室校园规划campus planning合院式建筑
城市中心区urban center district餐厅
居住单元flat入口
历史地段history district厨房
民政区域civil district屋顶
水警区waters guard district小孩房
居住区规划residential district planning儿童游乐室
护林区ranger district起居室
工业区industrial district更衣室
林木种子园tree seed orchard私家花园
快速公路thruway居民
城市美学urban esthetics共享地带
游憩空间esplanade卫生间
交通traffic工人房
系统工程systems engineering比例
城市更新理论urban renewal theory元素
会议中心
用词汇中英文对照
greanbelt园林景观View of the gar
乔木arbor 绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage灌木shrub
ratio铺石band stone 工厂绿化landscaping within factory地下车库car park below 广场绿化landscaping of square曲线形铺地curved paving ba 居住区绿化landscaping of residential area庭园cartilage ，Gart 谷底植栽场improved vegetation & wildlife标志牌courtyard identi 公共建筑绿化landscaping around pubic building庭院courtyard 室内绿化indoor garden瀑布fall
城市绿化urban virescence水景feature
城市绿化系统urban green space system步道footpath
公共绿地public green space园桥garden bridge 专用绿地specified green space园林garden and 绿地green buffer草本植物herbage
藤本植物liane
蔓藤植物liana
砌石natural cut ston 建筑空间architecture铺地pave
亭、阁pavilion
showplace，theater榭pavilion on terr
caff，tea shop植被planting
monopolistic shop花坛planting beds
museum
cinema，movie house
emporium ，shopping mall
supermarket
palaestra
青少年宫callan house，childrens'palace
library
relaxation room
gymnasium
book store
park
parlor
washroom
balcony
bathroom
bedroom
橱柜、柜、密室cabinet
合院式建筑courtyard Building
dining—room，dining hall
entrance
kitchen
roof
kid room
儿童游乐室dollhouse
living room
pavilion
私家花园 private garden
resident
共享地带shared zone
toilet
servants hall
scale
element
会议中心conference center
of the garden
band stone
car park below
curved paving bands
cartilage ，Garth
courtyard identification sign courtyard
footpath
garden bridge
n and park
al cut stone
pavilion
pavilion on terrace
planting
planting beds。