外语教学与研究出版社高中英语必修5Module-4-语言点汇集

Module 4 语言点汇集

重点单词

【词条1】extend

【课文原句】As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas.(Page 32)

【点拨】extend在这里是及物动词，表示“使延长”。这句话的意思是“渐渐地，庆祝狂欢节的时间长了，圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了”。再如：

The ancient Romans extended their empire into Asia.

【拓展】

⑴extend 还有下面几个意思:

①延伸, 延续, 继续( vi.)。如：

The main holiday period was once from May to August; now it extends into September.

②伸出(手臂等)，展开(翅膀) (vt.)。如：

He refused to take the hand I extended in friendship.

③给予(欢迎、帮助等)。如：

We extended our warm welcome to Professor Liu.

⑵辨析extend和expand：

①extend指呈直线的长度上的伸展，引申为扩大势力范围。如：

There are plans to extend the no-smoking area.

②expand指“膨胀；扩张”，表示事物从小向大增长，表示数量或面积上的扩大。如：

Metals expand when they are heated.

⑶派生词：extension n.扩大，延长; extensive adj.广泛的，广阔的；extent n. 长度，广度，

大小

【词条2】pretend

【课文原句】Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important…

(Page32)

【点拨】动词pretend表示“伪装；假装”。这句话的意思是“普通人可以装成阔佬和要人……”。再如：

He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.

【拓展】①pretend 后面可跟动词不定式，从句或名词。如：

She pretended to be friendly with me by repairing my computer.

Let’s pretend that we’re on an isolated island.

He pretended a headache, so he wouldn’t have to go.

②pretend to 表示“自称具有,自称应得到”，这里to为介词。如：

I can’t pretend to any great musical talent.

He pretended to the throne of England.

【词条3】revive

【课文原句】But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students.(Page 33)

【点拨】revive在文中表示“重新恢复（希望、风俗、兴趣等）。这句话的意思是“但是在20世纪70年代后期，狂欢节这个传统又被学生们恢复了”。再如：

The old custom has recently been revived in some parts of the country.

【拓展】

⑴revive 还可以表示“苏醒；恢复生机等”意思。如：

The woman has fainted from the heat，but she soon revived.

The rose will revive if you water it.

⑵revive 中前缀re-表示“重新，再”的意思。再如：

reconsider 重新考虑；replay 重赛，重放等。请注意本模块的其他三个单词：

①excitement = excite + ment 兴奋

动词-ment（名词性后缀）引出名词派生词。如：amusement 娱乐, encouragement 鼓励, agreement同意。

②unpunished = un + punish + ed未受惩罚的

un- 是否定前缀，与形容词、副词、名词结合表示“不，非”，如：unable 不能的，unfair 不公平的；与动词结合表示“相反，对立”，如：unlock 开锁，unloose解开。

③multicultural = multi + cultural 多元文化的

multi- 是表示“多”的前缀。如：multinational多国的，跨国的；multicolored多彩的。重点短语

【短语1】come to an end

【课文原句】The original Venice carnival came to an end about 200 years ago.(Page 32) 【点拨】come to an end 表示“结束, 终止”, end在这里作名词。这句话的意思是“最初的威尼斯的狂欢节在大约200年以前结束了”。再如：

When the party came to an end, people all leave the hall.

【拓展】含有end 的习惯用法:

①on end “（时间上）连续地；直立的”（见课本Page 32）。如：

The play ran for 460 nights on end，it was one of the successes of the season.

At the approach of the snake，her hair stood on end.

②be at an end “结束, 没有了”。如：

I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.

③be at the end of one’s rope “山穷水尽，智穷力竭”。如：

Forest was out of work and broke，and he was at the end of his rope.

④make （both）ends meet “使收支相抵，使入能敷出”。如：

With high taxes and his small income John had great difficulty in making end s meet.

⑤put an end to “结束（不好的事），制止”。如：

We must manage to put an end to the foolish behivour.

【短语2】dress up

【课文原句】Having fun meant eating, drinking, and dressing up. (Page 32)

【点拨】dress up在句中的意思是“穿上盛装，乔装打扮”。这句话的意思是“痛快地玩一场就意味着尽情地吃、喝、乔装打扮”。如：

They dressed up for their daughter’s wedding.

【拓展】

⑴dress 用作动词时的意思及常见用法为：穿衣，给某人穿上衣服。它作及物动词时，后面不加表示衣服的名词，但可以用指人的名词或代词作宾语。如：

He was dressed in a dark suit at the meeting.

She dressed her children every morning.

⑵请看dress的一些特殊意思：

dress a shop window 布置商店的橱窗

dress a wound 敷裹伤口