英国文学论文提纲
英国文学复习纲要
I. The Old English Literature.1.Beowulf: definition, writing style, and its significance——pagan poetry.——the national epic of the English people——a long narrative poem, which describes the heroic deeds of the hero Beowulf in fighting against the monster of Grandel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. The main rhetoric methods used in the poem are alliteration, metaphor, and heavy stress. Beowulf is shown not only as a glorious hero, but also as a protector of the people. Thematically, the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage the heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the natural world. The poem is the mingling of nature, myths, and heroic legends.2.epic: a long narrative poem in a dignified style, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing the details of the heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or a nation.3.Sir Gawain and the Green knight: the culmination of the Arthurian romances.4.Alfred the Great:——he is not only a prose writer, but also a king of W essex.——his most important work: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.5.Caedmon: the first religious poet of the history of the English literature; his work Chirst .II. The medieval literature: the prevailing form of literature of this period is the romance.1. Geoffey Chaucer: the father of English poetry——the most important writer in the 14th century, the other most important writer is Langland.——one of the greatest narrative poets of England——his works vividly reflected the changes and the social conditions of his time ——his major works：The Canterbury Tale s; Romance of the rose; The Legends of Good W omen; The House of Fame; The Parliament of Fawls;——a pre-humanist——his contributions to English language.2.The Canterbury Tales——one of the most famous works in all literature——It presents us a vivid picture of contemporary English life, its works and its play, its deeds and dreams, its fun and sympathy and hearty joy of living such as no other single work of literature has ever equaled.——The prologue is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first its kind in the history of English literature.——In this poem, Chaucer's realism,trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century.——his work is permeated with buoyant free-thinking. He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is always keen to praise man's energy, intellect,quick wit and the love for life.——the brief analysis of the opening of the Prologue:3.Ballads——they are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.——Bishop Thomas Percy —Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.——various kinds of ballads: historical, legendary.,fantastical, lyrical, humourous.——major representatives: Robin Hood; Get Up and Bar the Door; Sir Patrick Spens.III. The English Renaissance1.Background:economic, political, religious, social, and culture.2.The essence: humanism. The humanist belief and pursue that men do not only have the right to pursue the earthly happiness, but also can perfect himself and the present life. They respect human's value and dignity. Man could mould the world according to his desires and attain happiness by removing all external checks by the exercise of reason.3.The major writers: Thomas More; Sidney; Raleigh; Edmund Spenser; John Lyly; Morlowe; Shakespeare; Francis Bacon; Ben Johnson4.Thomas More——Utopia is his masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager. It is divided into 2 books. Book 1 is a picture of contemporary of England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the labouring class, the greed and luxury among the rich, and an eagerness for war on the part of the rulers. In book 2 we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.5.Sidney——his collection of love sonnets: Astrophel and Stella.——Apology for Poetry is one of the earliest English literary essays.6.Raleigh——he is remembered in literary history for his Discovery of Guiana,an account of exploration.——History of the World, handful of lyrics.7.Ednund Spenser——the Poet's poet——he is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poet effusions.——The Shepherd's Calender, a pastoral poem in 12 books, one for each month of a year. The shepherds in the poem represent the poet and his friend. It marked the budding of the Renaissance flower in the northern island of Egland.——Epithalamion, a beautiful sonnet sequence and marriage ode, to celebrate this successful love affair culminating in marraige.——The Faerie Queene, a long poem planed in 12 books of which he finishedonly 6. It is written in a special verse form that consists of 8 iambic pentameter line followed by a 9th line of 6 iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc (the Spenserian Stanza )8.John Lyly——Euphues, written in a peculiar style known as "Euptuism", which consists in the use of balanced sentences and words alliterating, riming or identical.9.Marlowe——the most gifted of the "university wits "——his best works includes 3 of his plays, Tamburlaine (1587), The Jew of Malta (1592), and Dr Faustus (1588)10.Shakespeare——。
关于英国文学方面论文
关于英国文学方面论文英国文学的历史比较悠久，在历史长河的推动下，经历了一个漫长又复杂的演变发展过程。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英国文学方面论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英国文学方面论文篇1浅论启蒙运动和英国文学摘要：18世纪的启蒙运动的开始，对英国的文学产生了重大影响。
现实主义小说的兴起和发展是英国启蒙文学最重要的成就。
其中，笛福的《鲁滨孙飘流记》是英国现实主义小说的先锋之一。
它创作了一位18世纪典型的具有冒险精神的英国资产阶级的人物形象。
关键词：现实主义小说;笛福;《鲁滨孙飘流记》一、启蒙文学与现实主义小说作为启蒙运动一部分的启蒙文学，在思想上以“理性崇拜”为核心，主张崇拜“自然理性”，反对君主王权。
体现在文学上，基本都表现出崇尚个人自由、崇尚回归自然、宣传开明君主制或君主立宪制、主张发展工商业、自由的经济竞争等等。
17世纪的法国古典主义文学在启蒙运动中仍占有一定地位，但并未产生伟大的作品。
尽管许多文学家仍借用古典主义的形式进行创作。
整体上看，启蒙文学中的反王权、反教会思想和文艺复兴文学有些相似，但更加激进。
由于根植于启蒙运动的土壤之中，启蒙文学具有更加强烈的哲学思辨特征和政治经济学底蕴。
启蒙文学不追求崇高的风格，多半以来自市民阶层的平民为主要人物，在体裁上也不仅仅局限于诗歌和戏剧，而是广泛采用各种体裁，其中尤以小说最为突出，为19世纪现实主义小说的繁荣奠定良好的基础。
欧洲文学的“诗体时代”向“散文体时代”的过渡就是在启蒙文学阶段完成的。
18世纪前半叶，英国社会安定，文学上崇尚新古典主义，其代表者是诗人蒲柏。
他运用英雄偶句体极为成熟，擅长写讽刺诗，但以发泄私怨居多。
表现出启蒙主义精神的主要是散文作家，他们推进了散文艺术，还开拓了两个文学新领域，即期刊随笔和现实主义小说。
二、笛福与《鲁滨孙飘流记》《鲁滨孙飘流记》是英国小说家笛福(1660-1731)写的一部小说，发表于一七一九年。
《鲁滨孙飘流记》是一部成功的现实主义小说。
(完整)英国文学复习提纲加诗歌赏析方法
I。
PART ONE。
EARLY&MEDIEV AL1。
Beowulf: the national epic史诗 of the Anglo—SaxonsBeowulf against： monster Grendel， she—monster and a fire dragonArtistic features：Using alliteration（头韵）Using metaphor(比喻）and understatement(陈述）2。
The Class Nature of the Romance： They were composed for the noble， of the noble，and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble。
3. Geoffery Chaucer： The father of English poetry/ the founder of English poetry The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集:英国文史上现实主义第一部杰作fir st time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle EnglishII。
The Renaissance Period1. The Renaissance ＆ Humanism: R： 2 features： a curiosity for classical literature (Greek & Latin）→dissatisfaction at Catholic ＆ feudal ideas/ activities of humanity →new feeling of admiration for human beauty ＆ achievementH: the key—note of R， new outlook of the rising bourgeois class2. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根：Essays随笔(famous quotas： Of studies）3。
英美文学《红字》论文提纲
题目：《红字》——爱并没有罪提纲：引言：结合作者对《红字》故事的描述，叙述故事发生的整个大的社会背景，即1642年（故事发生的大约时间）森严的神权政治对英国及当时整个欧洲大陆的统治，并由此带去的对新大陆——美洲大陆（美国）英国殖民区，这块被当地英国移民热捧为新耶路撒冷美好希望家园所带来的严重不可磨灭的根深蒂固的影响，即神权政治禁锢的枷锁。
神权与政治相结合下的对整个社会秩序苛严，残酷的制度统治，对于神权的麻木是从，崇拜，伪善的信仰，不辨罪恶是非。
并由此种种从而导致对主人公海丝特不公的对待，枉加的耻辱，和悲惨际遇的发生。
（附加：对作者纳撒尼尔.霍桑的简评及其主要作品的简略概述）摘要：总领概述故事情节，并点名论题“爱并没有罪”关键词:.....分论点（小标题）：（一）、什么是爱诠释“爱“的含义，及其产生来源（主要结合《诗经》，中西方宗教中”爱“的核心理念，以及现当代潮流对于”爱“的思想理解）。
并于行文中穿插西方宗教神权及我国封建专制制度下对于男女关系，爱情与婚姻，和制度统治相互关系之于 “罪”的思想理念。
（二）、“罪恶”之一 ——海丝特与阿瑟。
丁梅斯黛尔的爱通过描写海丝特与阿瑟。
丁梅斯黛尔爱情的产生与发展的必然性（镇上所有人都崇拜，爱慕丁梅斯黛尔牧师，无论总督，还是法官都尊敬有加。
尤其是年轻的女性更把他是为自己理想情人，丈夫，乃至心中的神，圣人中的圣人。
）揭示爱的普遍性意义，及爱之于人性的必然（在此过程中结合现当代爱情婚姻自由开放的思想理念）。
并结合海丝特对爱的承担一切可怕后果的坚持，牧师丁梅斯黛尔事发后内心恐惧，自责，不安，愧疚，等系列情绪变化，“罪恶”感的产生，到刑台置内心罪恶于阳光之下勇于坦露和海丝特的“奸情”后的释怀和结局众人眼中“A”的耻辱象征的海丝特最终理解的转变（此时为“Able”能干,“Admireable”尊敬的， “Angle”天使）来说明人们内心潜在的“恶”形成对比反差和最终对海丝特与丁梅斯黛尔间的“爱”的理解和善的恍悟，和接受，以此说明“爱”冲破一切的伟大力量。
英语文学论文提纲
英语文学论文提纲英语文学(English literature)指英语写成的文学作品，作者不一定是来自英格兰。
英语文学论文提纲范文一：AbstractWhile bring unparalleled development and prosperity to society on economy and culture.Internet technology has given a huge challenge to the original intellectual property protection. Intellectual property protection is a global issue, it involves the economy, the culture, the legal aspects of morality, and it requires joint efforts of the whole society. The international development of the Internet for the traditional intellectual property system brings huge impact. At present the protection of intellectual property rights were insufficient, such as legislation, patents, etc. In many countries, the intellectual property rights protection lags behind; the system is relatively backward, compared with the international average still have a large gap.Keywords: System;The status;Protection; Changing;influence Ⅰ. Traditional system of intellectual property protectionA. The severe situation. Traditional system of intellectual property protection is affected by many factors, subjective and objective factors leading to the crisis.1. Traditional intellectual property protection scope expands unceasinglyInformation technology makes the traditional intellectual property protection from single copyright expanded to commercial secret, science and technology, and even network domain.2. Realistic social ethics and network ethics to understandingof the differences between knowledge propagation. These differences influence the protection of intellectual property rights from a subjective.3. Network monopoly attenuated. Under the network environment, Intellectual property legislation differences and the rights protection period ragged, etc. All profoundly influence to the intellectual property rights of exclusiveness and weaken the intellectual property of monopoly. The intellectual property confirmation, using, monitoring and protect the realization are difficult.4. Network unfair competition. Network unfair competition often occur in e-commerce, it has great harmfulness .Network unfair competition problems triggered network domain name and well-known trademark and other industrial property rights protection problems. Network unfair competition problems triggered network domain name and well-known trademark and other industrial property rights protection problems.B.It needs to be changed. Traditional system of intellectual property protection of change is related to people's interests. Once lost its protection, any innovation will be taken away or suppressed. This is a matter of “To be or not to be”Ⅱ. There are some controversiesA. network liberalization - Open/close source. It is a widely discussed topic, and still has considerable differences.B. more strict law enforcement. If we don't sound legal system and perfect the system or, conversely, or even give up the existing protection system we will live in a quiet society, no innovation, no character, no development.C. consciously. Some people think that legal is unnecessary and high moral man is just ok. It is just a long-term andunrealistic idealⅢ. Some thoughts.A. More perfect legal system and the consummation system .Although the protection of intellectual property rights belongs to the category of truth ethics. For the time being, a more perfect legal system and the consummation system is a direct way of solving the problem.B. Strengthens education. The personate is most important, so strengthen education is necessary.C. Targeted policies .We can adopt different action in different fields, for instance the open source movement in computer technology. It could attract more volunteers; we also can take powerful legal protection for commercial secrets. Those are some fields.CopyrightCommercial secretssoftwareDigital library and databaseD. Network ethics. This is a brand-new topic, we should work together to create a good social network information society.Reference1. Peter, D. (2002) .A Philosophy of Intellectual Property [M] .Dartmouth：Publishing Company Limited.2. Tina, H. & Linda ,F.(2003).Intellectual Property Law[M].London：Law Press reprinted by permission of Pal grave Publishers Ltd.3. Brussels.(2001. 3).Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society[M].German：Commission Of the European Communities.4. Intellectual Property and National InformationInfrastructure[M].London：White P aper,19955. l-10.6. Lyon，L.(2002).Public relations for your library：A tool for effective communications：[J].Library talk，l 5(3)4—6. ：7. Rosenoer.(2001).World Intellectual Property [J] .Intellectual Property.8. 吴永臻(1998.6)网络信息环境的知识产权保护问题[J].河北大学学报。
英国文学史论文2100字_英国文学史毕业论文范文模板
英国文学史论文2100字_英国文学史毕业论文范文模板英国文学史论文2100字(一)：“雨课堂”在“英国文学史及选读”课程教学中的应用论文【摘要】本文分析了现阶段“英国文学史及选读”课程教学现状，特别是传统教学方法的局限和问题，结合教学实践，总结了“雨课堂”在课程教学中的应用。
【关键词】雨课堂；英国文学史及选读；智慧教学一、“英国文学史及选读”教学现状2018年初教育部颁布的《外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准》中明确规定外语类专业学生应具备文学赏析能力，专业知识课程包括外国文学。
胡文仲先生曾说：“在外语教学中，文学作品往往是能够最生动、具体、深入、全面地提高学生文化素养的材料。
从这个角度看，可以说没有其他任何材料可以替代文学作品。
”随着本科专业必修课课时的缩减，许多学校对文学课尽量给其他应用课程让道，或将文学史与作品选读整合在一起。
在西南石油大学，“英国文学史及选读”仅有40学时。
“英国文学史及选读”目的在于培养学生阅读、理解及欣赏英语文学原著的能力，掌握基本文学常识，掌握文学批评的基本知识和基本方法，通过对文学作品阅读和分析，加强学生语言运用能力，同时提高人文素质。
但由于该课程内容涵盖广（从古英语到近现代英国文学），传统教学采用以讲授为主的教学模式下，“英国文学史及选读”课程教学面临着许多挑战。
有限课堂时间几乎只能让教师快速按照时间脉络介绍各时期文学概况，不足以深入文学文本；作品选读成了精读或故事梗概介绍，很少或基本不涉及到文学批评或欣赏，教学效果较差；学生对课外阅读的兴趣不大，或由于满篇的生单词产生畏难情绪；由于上课信息量大，老师讲课速度快，学生只有埋头抄笔记应付最后的考试，学习效果差；授课过程中；课后练习缺乏实效性，教师无法及时了解学生掌握情况。
二、“雨课堂”在“英国文学史及选读”课程中的应用“雨课堂”是由清华大学在线教育办公室组织研发的推动混合式教学，形成性评价，多通道互动的教学利器，将教学工具巧妙融入PowerPoint与微信全景式采集数据，驱动教学探微。
英文论文提纲
英文论文提纲英文论文提纲很多学生都说英文论文不会写，其实在写英文论文之前我们应该要先定好相关的提纲。
以下是小编为大家精心整理的英文论文提纲，欢迎大家阅读。
1 Introduction1.1 Significance of the research1.2 Organization of the thesis2 Literature Review2.1 Researches on monolingual mental lexicon2.1.1 Definition of mental lexicon2.1.2 Models of mental lexicon: a developing one2.2 Research methodology of bilingual mental lexicon2.2.1 Word association paradigm2.2.2 Word translation task2.2.3 Cross-language priming paradigm2.3 Theories on bilingual mental lexicon2.3.1 Weinreich’s three hypotheses: the ancestor of bilingual mental lexicon models2.3.2 Paivio’s bilingual dual-coding theory2.3.3 Kroll & Stewart’s revised hierarchical model2.3.4 De Groot’s distributed representation model3 Extended Bilingual Distributed Representation Model3.1 Setting and characteristic of L2 word acquisition3.2 Psychological mechanism of L2 word acquisition3.2.1 Coactivation pattern: L2 word representation manner3.2.2 Simultaneous formation of semantic memory and episodic memory3.3 Semantic restructuring in L2 vocabulary development4 Implications for L2 Word Meaning Acquisition4.1 Unbalanced performance on language comprehension and production4.1.1 Receptive vs. productive vocabulary: imbalance on acquisition difficulty4.1.2 Positive effect of episodic memory4.2 Negative semantic transfer4.2.1 Episodic memory: the primary cause of negative semantic transfer4.2.2 Negative effect of episodic memory4.3 Episodic memory and L2 word meaning acquisition4.3.1 Applying episodic memory: when and how4.3.2 Strengthening semantic memory: why and how5 Conclusion。
苔丝英语论文提纲范文
1.苔丝英语论文提纲Tess of the D'urbevilles长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名小说家和诗人托马斯·哈代（1840-1928）的代表作yesterday, I read the novel called "Tess of the D'urbevilles". written by afamous Englishwriter Thomas Hardy.The novel tells a story about a pretty and good girl called Tess, who lived in avillage in Marlott. To her sadness, when she was seventeen, she was no longer apure and untouched girl. She gave birth to a baby, which didn't live long. SoTess changed from a pure gir l to a grown —up.Because she was the eldest of the 7 children in the family, she found a job tosupport the whole family in a dairy.There she knew Angel and married him. Butunluckily. when Angel knew her sad story, he left her and went to Brazil.Tessled a hard an d lonely life after that. Later when she knew Angel had retumedhome and found out thatshe was living with the man who had given the damage to her before,Tess couldn'taccept the fact and killed the man who was living with her.Then she escaped and spent together with Angel three days and nights. The policefound them on the moming of the fourth day. A few days later, Tess was executed.Having read this novel, I like the heroine very much because of her purity,warmness, nobility and the spirit of devotion, She dared to fight against theevil, bravely seek and sturggle for the rights of love.Thomas Hardy was famous for the poetical novels. "Tess of the D'urbevilles"isone of this kind. The novel is so fresh that it is nearly like a poem. Fornearly a century, it has been popular with the people all over the world.2.分析苔丝悲剧的论文提纲分析苔丝悲剧摘要：在托马斯•哈代的“性格和环境”小说《德伯家的苔丝》中，悲剧形成的原因主要是苔丝个人的性格与命运、环境、社会的冲突，从而造成了个性的毁灭。
论文大纲英美文学
一、引言1. 研究背景与意义a. 性别身份与权力关系在英美文学中的重要性b. 当前研究现状与不足c. 本研究的目的与意义2. 研究方法与论文结构a. 研究方法：文本分析、比较研究、历史背景研究等b. 论文结构：引言、文献综述、正文、结论二、文献综述1. 性别身份与权力关系理论a. 第二波女性主义与性别身份研究b. 第三波女性主义与性别权力关系研究c. 后女性主义与性别身份的多元解读2. 英美文学中的性别身份与权力关系研究a. 早期英美文学作品中的性别身份与权力关系b. 19世纪英美文学作品中的性别身份与权力关系c. 20世纪英美文学作品中的性别身份与权力关系三、正文1. 早期英美文学作品中的性别身份与权力关系a. 《坎特伯雷故事集》中的性别身份与权力关系b. 《堂吉诃德》中的性别身份与权力关系c. 《李尔王》中的性别身份与权力关系2. 19世纪英美文学作品中的性别身份与权力关系a. 《简·爱》中的性别身份与权力关系b. 《呼啸山庄》中的性别身份与权力关系c. 《红字》中的性别身份与权力关系3. 20世纪英美文学作品中的性别身份与权力关系a. 《了不起的盖茨比》中的性别身份与权力关系b. 《喧哗与骚动》中的性别身份与权力关系c. 《美丽新世界》中的性别身份与权力关系四、案例分析1. 性别身份的建构与解构a. 《简·爱》中女性主体性的建构与解构b. 《呼啸山庄》中女性角色的性别身份建构与解构c. 《美丽新世界》中女性地位的建构与解构2. 权力关系的互动与冲突a. 《了不起的盖茨比》中权力关系与女性命运b. 《喧哗与骚动》中权力关系与女性角色的命运c. 《红字》中权力关系与女性角色的道德困境五、结论1. 性别身份与权力关系在英美文学中的演变2. 性别身份与权力关系对人物命运的影响3. 对当前性别身份与权力关系研究的启示参考文献（此处列出相关参考文献，包括但不限于）附录（如有必要，可附上相关资料或图表）。
英语论文提纲文学
英语论文提纲文学英语论文提纲模板文学英语论文提纲模板文学一Acknowledgements 4-5摘要 5-6Abstract 61. Introduction 9-151.1 Research Issue,Significance and Thesis Statement 9-101.2 Research Theory and Methodology 10-111.3 Literature Review 11-141.4 Thesis Structure 14-152. British Comedy Tradition-From the 1890s to the Present 15-242.1 From the 1890s to the Late 1920s:Visual Humor in Silent Cinema 15-162.2 From the Late 1920s to the 1930s:the Coming of Verbal Humor 16-172.3 From the 1940s to the 1960s:Ealing Comedy,Carry Ons,etc 17-212.3.1 The Ealing Comedies 18-192.3.2 The Carry Ons 19-202.3.3 Other Representative Comedians or Works 20-212.4 From the 1970s to the 1980s:A Relative Decline 21-222.5 The 1990s Onwards:Unprecedented Commercial Success 22-243. Analysis of Commercially Successful British Comedy Films since the 1990s 24-453.1 The Commercial Success:Box Office and Rating 24-263.2 Transformation to New-style Comedy:Urgency and Possibility for Change 26-303.3 International Production and Promotion 30-343.3.1 Funding 30-313.3.2 Co-production and Distribution 31-323.3.3 Popular Music 32-343.4 Selling Britishness 34-453.4.1 Urban Romantic Comedy and National Identity 34-353.4.2 Urban Romantic Comedy:Major Themes 35-413.4.3 Feel-good Community Comedy and National Identity 413.4.4 Feel-good Community Comedy:Major Themes 41-454. Case Study of Four Weddings and a Funeral(1994) 45-534.1 Overview and Reception 45-464.2 Synopsis 464.3 Theme Exploration 46-504.3.1 Urban Fairy Tale 46-484.3.2 Quest for True Love and Marriage 48-494.3.3 The Special UK-US Relationship in Film 49-504.4 Production and Promotion Analysis 50-535. Case Study of The Full Monty(1997) 53-605.1 Overview and Reception 53-545.2 Synopsis 545.3 Theme Exploration 54-575.3.1 The Decline of Traditional Industry and Working Class 54-555.3.2 Masculinity Crisis 55-565.3.3 Optimism,Nostalgia and Collectivism 56-575.4 Production and Promotion Analysis 57-606. Conclusion 60-62Works Cited 62-67英语论文提纲模板文学二ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4-5摘要 5-6Abstract 6-7Table of Contents 8-10List of Tables and Figures 10-11Chapter One Introduction 11-131.1 Research Background 11-121.2 Research Purpose and Significance 121.3 Organization of the Thesis 12-13Chapter Two Literature Review 13-222.1 Working Definition of Discourse 132.2 Working Definition of Climate Change 13-142.3 Studies on Critical Discourse Analysis 14-152.4 CDA Research on News Discourse 15-202.5 CDA Research on Climate Change News Discourse 20-22 Chapter Three Theoretical Framework 22-343.1 Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar 22-243.2 Fairclough's Three-dimensional Model of CDA 24-27 3.3 Analytical Scheme of the Present Study 27-343.3.1 Transitivity 28-313.3.2 Modality 31-323.3.3 Theme 32-34Chapter Four Research Methodology 34-394.1 Research Questions 344.2 Corpus Building 34-374.3 Procedure of Analysis 37-39Chapter Five Results and Discussion 39-655.1 Lexical Choices 39-455.1.1 Analysis of Headlines 39-415.1.2 Analysis of Keywords 41-455.2 Transitivity Analysis 45-495.3 Modality Analysis 49-525.4 Theme Selection 52-585.5 Intertextuality Analysis 58-615.6 Discussion 61-655.6.1 Institutional Context 61-635.6.2 Situational Context 63-645.6.3 Social Context 64-65Chapter Six Conclusion 65-696.1 Major Findings 65-686.2 Implications 686.3 Limitations and Suggestions 68-69 References 69-73。
学期论文范本英国文学
A Study of the Marriage Between Elizabeth andDarcy in Pride and Prejudice班级：：学号：ContentPart1 Introduction of Jane Austen1.1 Jane Austen's background1.2 Jane Austen's marriage experience and her view of marriage Part2 Analysis of Elizabeth and Darcy's characters2.1 Analysis of Elizabeth's characters2.2 Analysis of Darcy's charactersPart3 Marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy3.1 A happy marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy3.2 A successful and ideal marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy Part4 ConclusionAbstractThe marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy is the most appreciable one in Pride and Prejudice. Some of their characters make conflicts and also to some extent promote their understanding between each other. For example, Darcy's pride make conflict with Elizabeth's prejudice, in other words, her rebellious character. However, Darcy's integrity and Elizabeth's witty observations and her intelligence helped to resolve the contradictions and release those misunderstandings. The first part of this essay is to give some introduction of the author, Jane Austen to have a better understanding of her background and her view of marriage. The second part is to analysis some characters of Elizabeth and Darcy respectively to identify the two character. The third part of the essay is to analyze the happy successful and ideal marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy. Finally, there will be a conclusion of the essay.Part1 Introduction of Jane Austen1.1 Jane Austen's backgroundJane Austen was born in a village in Hampshire, 1775. Her father was a rector. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family owning eight child. The first 25 years of her life Austen spent in Hampshire. She was educated at home with her sisters. Her parents were good readers and she received a broader education. In comparison to many women of her time, she was better educated than ordinary people. Her life was very quietly, cheerfully, and she did small domestic duties at home.In her adult life, Britain was at war with France. At that period of time, there were a lot of injuries caused by the war. Her brothers, Frank and Charles served in the Royal Navy. On one hand, they brought some wealth and honor. On the other hand, they were in constant danger. Woman's choices were severely limited at that time. Marriage was not just a problem of love, what is more, it was also a problem of money and one's social status.As it was described in the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”, women owned no property at that period of time and marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition.1.2 Jane Austen's marriage experience and her view of marriageJane Austen did not marry in her whole life. Jane Austen's father would like Austen to marry a rich man. However, Jane fell in love with a young lawyer who owned just a little asset. Therefore, his father disagreed with their marriage and required that lawyer come back to his hometown and did not allow the two to meet with each other. Finally, that lawyer married with another woman and Jane Austen chose to be unmarried in all her life.Her own experience influenced her view of marriage to some extent. In Jane Austen's view, marriage should be based on both love and economic condition, but love plays a more significant role between the both. At that time, she thought it is wrong to marry for money, but at the same time it is unwise to marry without money. Therefore the most ideal marriage is to marry based on both love and economy in her heart. The marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy is just what Jane Austen thought the most successful and ideal marriage.Part2 Analysis of Elizabeth and Darcy's characters2.1 Analysis of Elizabeth's charactersIn Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth appeared as a unique girl who was rebellious and brave with sharp intelligence and witty observation. She is outstanding and she is totally different from other women around her. She dares to speak as well as act. She is determined and strong-minded. Shewill do anything she thinks right rather than do everything according to social norms.For example, when Mr. Collins made a proposal to her, she did not just obey her mother's willing and she followed her own heart to speak against the ridiculous proposal. She refused Mr. Collins directly, “I am very sensible of of the honor of your proposals, but it is impossible for me to do otherwise than decline them.” She is definitely brave and believes in love, she want to find a man she really loves but not just accept the engagement for family will. She was straight-forward to refuse him, after all, as far as herself concerned, it was absolutely impossible for her to accept such an engagement. Her feelings in every respect forbid it, so she was brave enough to decline the no love involved proposal directly without hesitation. Her rebellion also represented in the conversation with Lady Catherine de Bourgh. As Lady Catherine was considered as a noble image of the high status, nearly all people flattered her deliberately with hypocrisy. However, as for Lady Catherine's air of ungracious, insolent and disagreeable, especially her sarcasm, Elizabeth brave enough to against it. When Catherine came to Elizabeth’s home to blame her because of her engagement with her nephew Darcy, she had taken courage to negotiate with Lady Catherine. We all know in that period of time, there were social ranks in the society, however, she does not feel inferior to others. Instead, she is confident enough to rebel the socialstereotype. She challenge the authority, “But you are not entitled to know mine; nor will such behavior as this ever induce me to be explicit.”In response to Lady Catherine-the one represents authority, she didn’t give up but to involve and against as her own will.2.2 Analysis of Darcy's charactersThere is no doubt that Darcy was pride of himself because of his identity and he was differentiate himself from others. At the ball, from the conversation between Darcy and Binley revealed this character, “I certainly shall not, you know how I detest it, unless I am particularly acquainted with my partner. As such an assembly as this, it would be insupportable. Your sisters are engaged, and there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a punishment to me to stand up with.” We can see how pride was he for actually there were many pretty girls in the ball, however, he just ignore them and even thought to dance with them was even a punishment for him. When Binley recommended Elizabeth as his partner, he despised with mock that she is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt him. What is more, he would not to invite those young ladies who were slighted by other men. He attached too much importance of himself. His pride made a bad impression for Elizabeth when they met in the first time.However, he was also a man of integrity. He would like to express himself in a direct way rather than hide his sincere feeling. He did notlike other common people who would like to convey their feelings in an indirect way. When Darcy Elizabeth and Bingley talk about the writing style, they have the following co nversation. Bingley said, “My ideas flow so rapidly that I have no time to express them by which means my letters sometimes convey no ideas at all to my correspondents”. He says those words to express his humility. But at that time Darcy says, “Nothing is more deceitful than the appearance of humility. It is often only carelessness of opinion, and sometimes an indirect boast”. He was a true friend with integrity and he did not conceal his real feeling. We may see that he is a true friend.What is more, at his first proposal to Elizabeth, he did not say any flattered words, he expressed all his opinion about her family and his true love for her sincerely. When Elizabeth was playing piano, as he ever said to Elizabeth, “I certainly have not the talent which s ome people possess of conversing easily with those I have never seen before. I cannot catch their tone of conversation, or appear interested in their concerns, as I often see done.” He did not hide his flaw and talked with Elizabeth faithfully. It is the character of integrity helped to melt the misunderstanding between them later which finally lead to their happy marriage.Part3 Marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy3.1 A happy marriage between Elizabeth and DarcyThe marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy was a happy ending because their marriage was based on sincere love. Darcy was attracted by Elizabeth’s cheerful and lovely characters as time went by although at the first sight he thought she was just tolerable. However, Elizabeth believed in what others said about Mr. Darcy, her prejudice arose the misunderstood between them. However, Darcy’s integrity shorts their distance of their heart. He told Elizabeth his feeling, then Elizabeth made reflection of her former judgment with her calm intelligence.Actually, it was not just one side that could make the wonderful marriage, it was their love really does matter. A true love is the one that can still reserve entirely although there were many misunderstandings before, just like the marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth. They married each other on equal terms after breaking each other’s pride and prejudice.The true happy marriage is based on love and sense, the two major characters fell in love with sense, therefore, their love was a wonderful happy marriage.3.2 A successful and ideal marriage between Elizabeth and DarcyThe marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth was a successful marriage in view of two aspects. Materially, Darcy was a rich man who own a large sum of money. At that period of time, a really true love isbased on both economy and love. The marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth in basis of money and love is the kind of marriage that can last longer in view of people.Spiritually, the two both pursuit sincere love not based on the social limitations. Elizabeth is intelligent and witty but with the tendency to judge on her first impression. Supposing she did not overcome her prejudice, there would not be such an ideal marriage. Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship is ultimately decided when Darcy overcomes his pride with sincere love, and Elizabeth overcomes her prejudice, then, they both fall in love with each other. It seems that everything is best arranged.What is more, as far as the Jane Austen concerned, the marriage was a great success combined the two factors mentioned above. Marriage based merely on money, property and and social status is not perfect, and it is very stupid; On the contrary, marriage based on love without economical foundation seems imperfect, after all, money is to some extent a necessity for our lives. However, the marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth become a successful one, or in other words, an ideal one because their marriage made up and fulfilled what Jane Austen had not achieved in her real life-the marriage with a man who loves her and she loves him base on economy admitted by her family,Part4 ConclusionIn Pride and Prejudice, the marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy is. . . ... .very interesting. Their love is the happy and successful one from the former analysis of the two major role’s character. They have some similar characters, and to some extent their characters are relatively complemented. Elizabeth was a rebellious and brave girl, who was also intelligent and wit. Her sharp and lovely character made conflict with Darcy's characters of pride and at same time it became the most attractive point for Darcy. We may find out the two have some similar characters to some extent which finally make them attract each other and they fell in love.It seems that their marriage is admirable but also it is ideal. Their marriage was the most worthwhile to appreciate in Pride and Prejudice, however it is the kind of marriage based on love and economy that is most hard to achieve in our really life..s . ..。
英语论文提纲
英语论文提纲论文提纲是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。
便于作者有条理地安排材料、展开论证。
英语论文提纲范文一：A Contextual Study of Black English摘要：对全文进行概括性的总结，涉及到研究背景、研究目的、研究方法、研究发现等;重点放在研究发现上。
关键词：3-5个。
Outline毕业论文由以下几部分组成：1 Introduction (绪论)绪论：本部分对论文整体上予以简单介绍，涉及以下方面：指出研究目的(Research aim) ，并把研究目的细化为2、3个研究问题(research questions)。
指出用何种理论框架(theoretical framework)有何研究意义(Significance of the present study)，方法论(methodology当前研究属于定性还是定量，有何具体方法)，语料收集(data collection，语料由何处，运用何种方法收集到的，为何用这些语料)，论文的结构(organization of the dissertation)2 Literature Review (文献综述)文献综述：本部分主要介绍以往的相关研究，要有陈述也有评论，重点指出以前研究存在的不足，或者没有解决的问题(让人明白本研究的必要性)。
如：以“A Contextual Study of Black English”(“黑人英语的语境论研究”)为题，本论文文献综述要围绕着国内外有关黑人英语的研究状况去写。
但是，不要写成1.国内的研究2.国外的研究，因为科研不分国内外，要有全球视角。
而是根据不同的视角去写。
2.1 语言学路径下的研究2.2 人类学路径下的研究2.3 文化学路径下的研究3 Theoretical Framework (理论框架)理论框架：本部分指出本研究所依据的理论基础，要对该理论有个概括的介绍，重点放在你要用的理论上，比如：语境或语域等。
英国文学方面的论文
英国文学方面的论文浅论英美文学在英语专业教学中的地位一、文学是人文理想教育的源泉英国十九世纪的红衣主教纽曼认为，大学教育目的是发展人的理智，大学的真正使命是培养良好的社会公民，并随之带来社会的和谐发展。
他反对在大学里进行狭隘的专业教育，大学应以培养集智慧、勇敢、宽容、修养等于一体的自由教育为主旨。
因此大学必须加强人文教育，“人文教育的重要组成部分有文学教学，文学教学的精髓是发扬人文精神，惟有搞好文学教学才称得上踏踏实实地谈人文理想的教育”。
文学不仅仅是历史事件、人物介绍和数字年代之类的事实，文学是人类心灵的体验。
大学生应被引入文学世界而不是做外界的观察者。
大学生正处于世界观和人生观的形成时期，他们对社会、对人生的看法往往不成熟。
对于大学生人文素质的提高，文学是宝贵财富。
英美文学素质是构成提高素质英语人才的重要因素。
文学是透视人类社会的窗户，通过这扇窗户，学生可以了解一个社会、一个民族的风土人情、生活习性、价值观念以及社会变迁等。
了解他国的社会变迁可以启发学生反思自己的社会生活、思想动态、精神面貌等诸多方面，从而加强文化修养，开拓视野，陶冶情操，塑造完美人格，提高学生独立思考能力。
《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》有关文学课程的培养目标中写道：文学课程的目的在于培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力，掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。
通过阅读和分析英美文学作品，促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解......。
通过阅读英美文学作品，学生们可以体察到人类对平等自由、幸福生活的向往以及为之奋斗的艰苦历程，也可以领略到历史上无数次的战争给人类带来的巨大灾难，体验世界人民对人类命运的关切。
在阅读作品时，学生们仿佛在和那些具有丰富思想的作家们面对面地交谈，了解他们的思想他们对世界和人生的看法，以及他们与众不同的经历。
在这丰富的文学世界里，学生的人生观和价值观会得到锤炼和升华。
因此，文学对于学生完善自我，提高素质，接受外来优秀文化，弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化方面有着重要的意义。
关于英国文学方面的论文范文
关于英国文学方面的论文范文篇1浅析文化差异对英美文学评论的影响英美文学在世界文坛中占据着重要的地位，影响英美文学评论的因素有很多，如社会文化环境、评论者个人的兴趣爱好等，其中文化差异是影响英美文学评论的重要因素。
把握好文化差异对英美文学的影响，才能够帮助读者在阅读英美文学时进行更准确的理解。
一、英美文学的发展历史(一)英国文学的发展历史英国是一个历史悠久的国家，其历史和社会文化等方面都对英国文学产生了很大的影响。
从中古世纪开始，英国文学就经历了英语文学和中古英语文学阶段。
到了16世纪，随着英国国力的逐渐增强，人民的民族英雄主义也空前高涨，英国文学开始进入文艺复兴时期，许多优秀的文学家都出现在这一时期，如莎士比亚、萨里、斯宾塞等。
17世纪的英国文学主要由玄学派和骑士派组成，玄学派主要指的是作者的怀疑和信念相互交替的观念，骑士派主要指的是文学中末世的浪漫色彩。
18世纪的英国主要推崇的是新古典主义。
19世纪初期，英国浪漫主义文学开始形成，英国文学进入了一个辉煌的时代，拜伦、雪莱等作家更是将英国浪漫主义文学推向更加广阔的境界。
到了19世纪末期，英国文学的题材也随着社会的进步而逐渐扩展开来，开始涉及到科学幻想、婚姻问题等各个方面。
进入20世纪以后，爱尔兰文艺复兴和现代主义使英国文学巩固了在世界文学中的地位。
(二)XX文学的发展历史与历史悠久的英国文学相比，XX文学发展历史很短，而且XX的多民族特点，有许多来自各个国家的移民，导致了XX 文学更加复杂和多样。
XX文学早期发展大多是以英国文学为依据进行模仿，一直到19世纪末，XX文学才开始逐渐形成自己独有的文学特点。
20世纪开始，随着XX综合国力的不断增强，出现了许多著名的文学作家，XX文学也开始达到了繁荣时期。
在此之后，XX文学发展迅速，很快便在世界文学中占有了一席之地。
第二次世界大战后，随着多元文化的发展，XX 的新旧文学也展开了激烈的斗争，XX的文学也更加多元化。
(完整word版)英国文学史发展概况(老师建议的复习提纲)
1这个时期的文学作品分类: Pagan（异教徒卜Christian（基督徒）2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》（national epic民族史诗）采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, Two elements which shaped Old English poetry:a.Anglo-Saxon invasion :Germanic myth and legendb.English conversion to the Christianity stories of the Bible and SaintsTo his kin the kin dest, kee nest for p raise.A good example：《贝奥武甫》Characteristic feature of Old English poetry :a.Written in a Ianguage of strong stress and many consonants, with frequent use of compounds-p icture n ames ；cks both meter and rhyme and depends on alliterati on and acce nt.、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)盎格鲁——诺曼时期canto诗章1、romanee 传奇文学------ a new literature brought in by the Norman Conquestthe themes of it: love and adventurethe form of it : a new metrical system with even lines, exact meter and melodious thymes2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵和绿衣骑士是一首押头韵的长诗，它是King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》中最有名的三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)杰弗里•乔叟时代1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父His great achieveme nt:a.b.Art of n arrati onBrillia nt characterizatio c. Humor and satire文学体裁: 诗歌poem, 小说novel,戏剧dramaOrigin 起源:Christia nity 基督教bible 圣经Myth 神话The Roma nee of king Arthur and his kni ghts 亚瑟王和他的骑士、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)盎格鲁------ 撒克逊时期2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体： a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in iambic pentameter （五步抑扬格）3、代表作：The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》（heroic couplet ） ---- 英国文学史的开端① 大致内容： The p ilgrims are people from various parts of En gla nd, rep rese ntatives of various walks of lifeand social groups.（朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人，代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体。
英国文学 复习提纲2
Definition:1)Heroic couplet: A pair of rhyming lines in iambic pentametre. Used as early as Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, it was the dominant form of poetry in the Restoration and the 18th century. The master of the form is Alexander Pope (An Essay on Criticism).2)Blank verse: V erse written in unrhymed iambic pentametre. (Surrey)Introduced into English poetry in the 16th century, it has become the standard form for Renaissance drama, and employed by John Milton in his Paradise Lost.3)Tragedy: Dramatic works in which events move to a fatal or disastrous conclusion. Tragedy often portrays the main character’s struggle agains t fate, his enemy, or forces in society, and his life, despite the disastrous ending, represents something significant.(William Shakespeare: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear)4)Soliloquy: The speech by a dramatic character when he speaks alone on stage. When a soliloquy is delivered, the character appears to be thinking aloud, thereby communicating his inner thoughts and feelings to the audience. (Shakespeare: Hamlet)5)Epic: A long narrative poem in serious style, celebrating the adventures and achievements of legendary tribal or national heroes. Homer’s Odyssey is the most famous and influential epic in western literature. Beowulf is an epic written in Old English, concerning the legendary adventures of the Anglo-Saxon hero Beowulf.6)Ode: A lyric poem that addresses a certain person or treats a theme in a dignified and serious manner. In its Greek origins, odes were written to commemorate victories, and sung by a chorus. The form later developed to cover a wide range of themes, and could be used to convey personal feelings. It is a form favored by the Romantic poets, and John Keat’s odes (To the Nightingale, To Psyche, To Autumn) are among the most memorable.7)Sonnet: A lyric poem with fourteen lines, divided into two, three, or four sections. There are many rhyming patterns for sonnets, and in English they are usually written in iambic pentametre. Since its origins in the 12th-century Italy, it has been one of themost popular poetic forms. Among the famous English sonnet writers are Shakespeare, Donne, Wordsworth, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning.8)Lyric: Poetry concerned with a specific feeling or attitude of the speaker in the poem, who may not necessarily be the poet him/herself. Originally designed for musical accompaniment, it has evolved to include a wide range of poetic forms, including the sonnet, ode and elegy.9)Gothic novel: A type of fiction that employs mystery, terror, horror, suspense, and sometimes the supernatural as its conventional elements. Horace Walpole’s the castle of Otranto is considered to be the work that established the tradition of this form. 10)Stream of consciousness: Narrative technique which attempts to render the consciousness of a character by representing as directly as possible the flow of the feelings, thoughts and impressions. The term ―interior monologue‖ is also sometimes used. Writers typically known for the employment of this technique are Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and the American novelists William Faulkner.Iambic Pentameter: ―Iambic‖ is the most common rhythm in English poetry, consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, as in the word ―repeat‖. Iambic pentameter is a line of a poetry which consists of five iambics, as this line from Pope’s An Essay on Man: ―The proper study of mankind is man.‖Paraphrase:1)Chaucer: “The Prioress”THE PRIORESS T RANSLATIONAlso there was a nun, a PRIORESS 还有个修女是修道院长，And she went smiling, innocent and coy; 满面的笑容诚挚又温和。
英国文化提纲
Early and Medieval English Literature: ( 5th century-1485)Beowulf: An English EpicThree major poets in 14th century EnglandGeoffrey Chaucer: the father of English poetry, being famous for his The Canterbury TalesWilliam Langland (c.1332-c.1440) and his poem The Vision of Piers Plowman (c.1362)The Gawain-Poet: Sir Gawain and the Green KnightRenaissance (late 15th century-early 17th century; an age of poetry and drama)What is Renaissance?It is the period of the revival of ancient Greek and Roman cultural heritage and the rebirth of humanism (A system of thought that centers on human beings and their values, capacities, and worth.) roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.Christopher Marlowe and his famous tragedy Doctor Faustus(1604)(p74) William Shakespeare and his four greatest tragedies:Hamlet(1601) Othello (1604) King Lea r (1605) Macbeth (1605)And his famous sonnets:Edmund Spenser and his famous poem The Faerie Queene (1590; 1596)Seventeenth Century English LiteratureJohn Donne (1572—1631): a founder of Metaphysical school of poetry; Jonne’s conceits; Donne’s themes;can analyze his poems: The Flea; Song; and A Valediction-Forbidden MourningJohn Milton (1608—1674) and his famous poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》(1667)John Bunyan (1628—1688) and his The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》(1678)Eighteenth Century English Literature (Enlightenment)Enlightenment:It is a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe including England, Germany especially France where there were Montesquieu, V oltaire and Rousseau in 18th century and in Russia in the 19th century.a. Neo-classicism (1688---the end of the 1730’s) 新古典主义What is neo-classicism?A type of classicism, which draws its name because they regarded classical literature of ancient Greek and Roman writers as models. It dominated English literature from 1660 to the 18th century. They believed artistic ideas should be orderly, logic, accurate and restrained emotion. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth, and flexible. Drama should be written in heroic couplet, the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed. Actually Dryden was the first person who advocated it.Neo-classicistsAlexander Pope(1688-1744)Jonathan Addison ( 1672-1719)Sir Richard Steele (1672-1729)Daniel Defoe (1660?-1731) and his novel:The Life and Adventurers of Robinson Crusoe (1719) p126Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) and his novel:Gulliver’s Travels (1726)p133His prose work: A Modest ProposalHis writing style: witty, humorous and satiricalb: Sentimentalism (1740’s-1750’s )感伤主义The term is used in two important senses in the study of literature. The first is overindulgence in emotion, the second is optimistic overemphasis of the goodness of humanity. The most typical sentimental novelist of the 18th century should be Laurence Sterne.SentimentalistsSamuel Richardson (1689-1761) and his novel Pamela or Virtues Rewarded(1740)Henry Fielding (1707-1754) and his masterwork: The History of Tom Jones (1749)c:Pre-romanticists (the last decade of the 18th century )William Blake (1757-1827) and his collections of poems:Songs of Innocence (1789) and Songs of Experience (1794)Can analyze his poems: The Sick Rose; The Tiger;Robert Burns (1759-1796), a plowman poet, famous for his poems:A Red Red Rose Auld Lang Syne19th century English LiteratureA Romanticism in nineteenth centuryWhat is Romanticism?a. Western Europe including Germany in late 18th century, England a little late in late 18th century and the first decade of the 19th century and in France in the early 19th century, with Victor Hugo and some writers.b. a literary movementc. The romantic movement, taken as a whole, expressed a more or less negative attitude of the different social classes (unjust social status) that came with the industrial revolution and the growing of the bourgeoisie.d. Characteristics: (P171)Spirit and emotionIndividualRight and dignity of individualPoetry in RomanticismLake PoetsWilliam Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey lived and knew one another in the last few years of the 18th century in the district of the great lake in Northwestern England. They criticized the industrialized capitalist society by advocating the return to the patriarchal society of the past.William Wordsworth (1770-1850)He and Samuel Taylor Coleridge jointly published Lyrical Ballades 《抒情歌谣》,which marked the separation with traditional way of writing poem (neoclassicist), and beginning of Romanticism.His poetic theories:Poetry is spontaneous; all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.Nature inspires poetry.Common subjects can be poetic.His poems:Ode to Duty 《责任颂》The Solitary Reaper 《孤独的割麦女》I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud; 《我象一片孤独的云》My Heart Leaps Up《我的心在高高的飘扬》Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798) combines the natural with the supernatural, the ordinary with the extraordinaryKubla Khan (1816)George Gordon Byron(1788-1824)Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage Don Juan《唐·璜》(his masterpiece) 1818-1923, ItalyTypical Byronic hero:a proud revolutionary figure, rising single-handed against government or religion or moral society, having elements of genius, tragedy, and sex appealPercy Bysshe Shelly (1792-1822)Lyrical drama( Masterpiece): Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普洛米休斯》is adapted from Aeschylus (a great Greek tragedian)’s famous play Prometheus BoundHis famous short poems:Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》’s famous line: O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?冬天来了,春天还会远吗?A Dirge《挽歌》To a Skylark《致云雀》John Keats （1795-1821）Short poems: a beautiful world of imagination as opposed to the sordid reality of his dayOde to Autumn 《秋颂》Ode on a Grecian Urn《希腊古瓷颂》and its famous line: Beauty is truth, truth is beauty美即真, 真即美Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》Novels in Romanticism:Walter Scott (1771-1832) The father of the historical novel, famous for his Waverley novels, Ivanhoein particular.Women novelists:Robert Southey, the Lake Poet’s anger at women writers:“Literature is not the business of a woman’s life, and it cannot be.”Jane Austen (1775-1817)1 Sense and Sensibility (1811)2. Pride and Prejudice (1813) (her masterwork) p204B. Realism in nineteenth centuryHistorical Background in Realism(1832-1918)1 The years between 1832 and the early 50’s are marked by one important event, the Chartist Movement(宪章运动)amovement for democratic social and political reform and its principles is reflected in People’s Charter.(人民宪章)2 The 30’s and 40’s marked the early development of Victorian literature with the beginning of reign of Queen Victoria.（1837-1901）3 The 50’s and 60’s and early 70’s were a period of comparative social stability in England, with big expansions in industry and commerce and colonial exploitation.4 In the late 70s and the early 80s,British agriculture went bankrupt and lost her industrial monopoly, which produced serious economic crises.5 These crises grew more serious in the early years of 20th century, and England was no longer the most important workshop of the world by 1900, being surpassed by U.S.A. and Germany.6 In 1914, the First World War broke out. The War ended until 1918, and British was much weakened though she won the war.Novels in realism:1 Charles Dickens:subjects: most of his literary materials are from his life experience; the misfortunes of the poor novels:Pickwick Papers (1836-1837)David Copperfield (1850), his masterpiece, being considered as an autobiographical novel p229 Bleak House﹙1852﹚Hard Times﹙1854﹚Little Dorrit﹙1857﹚A Tale of Two Cities﹙1859﹚Great Expectation﹙1861﹚2 William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863)topics in his works: the middle- and upper-class lifeworks:Vanity Fair (1847-1848)《名利场》: Thackeray’s masterwork, the title of which is derived from John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress. P2353.Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855)Jane Eyre《简爱》(1847) p211-2124 Emily Bronte (1818-1848)Wuthering Heights (1847)《呼啸山庄》p213-2145 George Eliot (1819-1880)the most prolific woman writer in 19th-century EnglandAdam Bede (1859)《亚当·比德》The Mill on the Floss (1860)《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》6. George Meridith (1828-1909)The Egoist (1879) 《利己主义者》7.Thomas Hardy 1840-1928Tess of the D’Urbervilles(1891) 《德伯家的苔丝》p240Jude the Obscure (1895) 《无名的裘德》Twentieth Century English LiteratureTwentieth Century Novels (Part one)D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930)Sons and Lovers《儿子和情人》1913The Rainbow《虹》1915Women in Love 《恋爱中的女人》1920Lady Chatterley’s Lover 《恰特莱夫人的情人》19284. Stream of Consciousness : 意识流p349A literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they develop.意识流一种文学技巧，表现人物思想或感情的发展。
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班级: 2005级8班；姓名:杜江娟；学号: 200505140803
One’s Sacrifice in His or Her Society
--After reading The Mill on the Floss
Outline
Thesis statement: This paper is based on George Eliot’the Mill on the Floss. In the novel there are conflicts among individuals as well as individual and society. Then this paper reveals one’s sacrifice in face of conflicts and the relation between one’s own will and the outside’s bondage upon him or her. At last the conclusion that only mutual understanding and cooperation can solve the problems is drew.
I. Introduction.
II. The influence of society upon individuals and their responses to the outside
A.Man’s and woman’s different responsibilities in 19th century illustrated with
members in Maggie’s large family
B.The influence of one’s social background on his or her growth
1.Maggie’s sacrifice as a woman during her growth in 19th century
2.Tom’s loss at different time of his growth
3.Philip’s deficiency and his family background
4.Lucy’s merits in Victorian England
C.Different characters’ response in the face of various situations
1.Maggie’s fight against discrimination
2.Tom’s reactions to responsibility given by family
3.Philip’s compromise as a gentleman
4.Lucy’s standard behavior as a lady
III. Analysis of the conflicts showed by main character
A. The conflicts displayed by Maggie
1. The conflict in Maggie’s inner world
2. The conflict between Maggie and the outside world
B.The cause of the conflicts
1.The traditional attitude towards relationship between people
2.The lack of mutual understanding among people
C.The solution to conflicts over the social relation
Ⅳ. Conclusion
References
Bodenheimer, Rosemarie. The Real Life of Mary Ann Evans. Cornell: Cornell University Press,1994.2
Carrol，David. George Eliot: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge，1995.3 Henry, Nancy. George Eliot and the British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.4
Hogan, Anne. Women of Faith in Victorian Culture: Reassessing the Angel in the House. London: Macmillan Press .1998.5
George Eliot, the Mill on the Floss, Apr, 1996
高晓声：《郑州工业大学学报（社会科学版）》期刊ISSN : 1009-1270(2001)02-0040-03《郑州工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2001年第19卷第02期
唐荷：《女性主义文学理论》，扬智文化事业股份有限公司2003年版。
谭敏：《游离于女权边缘的尴尬--试析乔治爱略特的二元论女性观》，《四川外语学院学报》2004年第4期。
王琼：《麦琪悲剧的成因-<弗洛斯河上的磨坊>解读》，《绍兴文理学院学报》2003年第5期。
One’s Sacrifice in His or Her Society --After reading The Mill on the Floss。