《英语语言学》术语(英汉对照)表
完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表
完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表English-XXXGrammar：语法Syntax：句法Morphology：词法Structure：结构Rank：层次Sentence：句子Clause：从句Phrase：词组Part of Speech：词类Word：单词XXX：实词Structural Word：虚词Simple Word：单纯词XXX：派生词Compound：复合词Noun：名词Proper Noun：专有名词Common Noun：普通名词Countable Noun：可数名词Uncountable Noun：不可数名词Abstract Noun：抽象名词Concrete Noun：具体名词Material Noun：物质名词Collective Noun：集体名词Individual Noun：个体名词n：介词n：连词XXX：动词Main XXX：主动词XXX：及物动词Intransitive XXX：不及物动词Link XXX：系动词Auxiliary XXX：助动词Modal XXX：情态动词Regular Verb：规则动词Irregular Verb：不规则动词Phrasal XXX：短语动词XXX：限定动词Infinite XXX：非限定动词Causative Verb：使役动词Verb of Senses：感官动词Event Verb：动态动词XXX：静态动词XXX：感叹词Adjective：形容词Adverb：副词Adverb of Manner：方式副词Adverb of Degree：程度副词Adverb of Time：时间副词Adverb of Place：地点副词Adjunct：修饰性副词Conjunct：连接性副词Interrogative Adverb：疑问副词Relative Adverb：关系副词Pronoun：代词Personal Pronoun：人称代词Possessive Pronoun：物主代词Reflexive Pronoun：反身代词Reciprocal Pronoun：相互代词Demonstrative Pronoun：指示代词Pronouns are words used in place of nouns。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语(英-汉对照)表Aabbreviation 缩写词,略语ablative 夺格,离格accent 重音(符)accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致(关系) concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature 会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数(名词) counterfactual proposition 反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化(作用) distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背(音)double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略(法)elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative (摩)擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammatical function ; ; grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammaticalform 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高(元音)historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的,无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折(变化) inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis (语法)天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet, IPA国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置,倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言(系统)larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层,级,平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为,表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位(作用) metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中(元音)mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move (移动)MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象Nnarratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representation of speech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of thought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of thought, NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus 意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization (硬)腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak (节)峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation 重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音(法)phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统。
(完整版)语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature 会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数（名词）counterfactual proposition 反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化（作用）distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背（音）double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法）elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative （摩）擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation,FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammatical function ; ; grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高（元音）historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet, IPA国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置，倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言（系统）larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位（作用）metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中（元音）mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象Nnarratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representation of speechacts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of speech,NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of thoughtacts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of thought,NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus 意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization （硬）腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation 重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音（法）phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PS rule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word) 多语素词polysyllabic 多音节（词）polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldian linguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view 后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语（动）词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle of informativeness 信息性原则principle of least effort 最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language 编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation 顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition 部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality 心理现实psychological subject 心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structuralist approach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension 阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation, RP 标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function) 控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard theory,REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter 罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-oriented language 面向图式的语言second language acquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network 语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretative rules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern, SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教学大纲situational variation 情景变异slot 空缺social role 社会角色social semiotic 社会符号学socio-cultural role 社会文化角色sociolinguistic study of language 语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguistic study of society 社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics 社会语言学sociological approach 社会学方法soft palate 软腭solidarity 团结sonnet 十四行诗sonorant 响音sonority scale 响音阶sound 语音sound image 语音图像sound pattern 语音模式sound segment 音段sound system 语音系统sound wave 音波speaker’s meaning 说话者意义speech 言语speech act theory 言语行为理论speech community 言语社团speech comprehension 言语理解speech event 言语事件speech function 言语功能speech mode 言语方式speech organ 言语器官speech perception 言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ; 言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound 语音speech synthesis 言语合成spelling 拼写,拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language translation 口语翻译spondee 扬扬格spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象spread 展元音S-structure 表层结构stability 稳定性stability reliability 稳定性效度Standard English 标准英语standard theory 标准理论standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stored knowledge 储存知识strategic knowledge 学习策略知识stratification 层stream of consciousness 意识流stress pattern 重音模式stress 重音structural analysis 结构分析structural (structuralist) grammar 结构语法structural syllabus 结构教学大纲structural test 结构测试structuralism 结构主义structuralist linguistics 结构主义语言学structuralist view 结构主义观点style 文体风格stylistic analysis 文体分析stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjective test 主观性测试subjectivity 主观性subjunctive mood 虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征surface form 表层形式surface representation 表层表达surface structure 表层结构syllabic structure 音节结构syllabification 音节划节syllable 音节syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus 教学大纲syllogism 三段论法symbol 符号synchronic (linguistics) 共时（语言学）synonym 同义词synonymous 同义的synonymy 同义现象syntactic component 句法部分syntactic features 句法特征syntactic function 句法功能syntactic marker 句法标记syntactic process 句法过程syntactic restriction 句法限制syntactic structure 句法结构syntactical change 变化syntagmatic relation 组合关系syntax 句法system network 系统网络system of signs 符号系统system of systems 系统的系统systemic(grammar) 系统语法systemic-functional Grammar, SFG 系统功能语法Ttacit knowledge 默契的知识tagmeme 法位tagmemics 法位学tap 一次接触音target language 目标语言tautology 同义反复冗辞template 模块tense vowel 紧元音tense 时态test content 测试内容test form 测试形式testee 受试者testing 测试test-retest reliability 一测再测信度tetrameter 四音步诗行text 语篇text comprehension 语篇理解text encoding 语篇编码text interpretation 语篇解释text style 语篇风格textual organization 语篇组织textual 语篇功能theme 主位theoretical linguistics 理论语言学third-person narrator 第三人称叙述者thought presentation 思想表达three-place predicate 三位谓语tone 声调音调tongue height 舌高tongue position 舌位tongue tip 舌尖topic 主题trace theory 轨迹论traditional grammar 传统语法transcribed 标音transcription 音标标音transfer 移转transfer approach 移转法transformation 转换transformation of interrogation 疑问转换transformational component 转换部分、transformational grammar 转换语法transformational process 转换过程transformational rule 转换规则transformational-generative grammar, TG grammar 转换生成语法transitivity 及物性translation 翻译tree diagram 树形图trill 颤音trochee 抑扬格长短格trope 转喻隐喻truth condition 真值条件truth value 真值tu/vous distinction 你/您区别turn length 话语轮次长度turn quantity 话语轮次数量turn-taking 依次发言two-place predicate 二位谓语two-word utterance 二词话语typology 类型学UUnaspirated 不松气的underlying form 底层形式underlying representation 底层表达uninterruptibility 非中断性universal grammar, UG 普遍语法universal quantifier 普遍限量词universal 普遍现象universality 普遍性universals of language 语言的普遍现象unmarked 未标记的unrounded vowel 非圆元音urban dialectology 都市方言学user 用户user-friendly 方便用户的utterance meaning 语句意义utterance 语句uvula 小舌uvular 小舌音Vvalidity 效度variable 可变化的variable word 可变化词variation变异variety 变体语体velar 软腭音velarization 腭音化velum 软口盖verb 动词verb phrase 动词短语verbal communication 言语交际verbal process 言语过程verbiage 言辞vernacular language education 本地化教育vertical relation 选择关系vocabulary 词汇vocal cord 声带vocal organ 发音器官vocal tract 声道vocative 呼格voice 语态voiced consonant 浊辅音voiced obstruent 浊塞音voiced (sound) 浊音voiceless consonant 清辅音voiceless obstruent 清塞音voiceless (sound) 清音voicing 浊音化，有声化vowel glide 元音音渡vowel 元音Wweb page 网页Wh-interrogative 特殊疑问句women register 女性语域word 词word class 词类word formation 词语形成word group 词组word meaning 词义word order 词序word recognition 词语识别word formation 词语形成word-for-word 逐词翻译wording 措辞working memory system 工作记忆系统writing 文字writing system 文字系统written language 书面语written text 篇章XX-bar Theory X-bar理论Yyes/no interrogative 是非问句yes/no question 是非问句Zzero form 零形式。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropologicallinguistics 人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音 attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicativecompetence 交际能力communicativedynamism, CD 交际性动力communicativelanguage teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicativeSentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementaryantonymy 互补反义关系complementarydistribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command成分指令constituent proposition成分命题constituent structureanalysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature 会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle,CP 合作原则coordinate construction并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数（名词）counterfactualproposition 反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-culturalcommunication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化（作用）distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背（音）double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practicesoftware 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法）elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentricconstruction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography ofcommunication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machinetranslation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign languageteaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS自由间接言语free indirect thought,FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative （摩）擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentenceperspective, FSP 功能句子观functions of language语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis语法分析grammatical function ; ;grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category语法范畴grammatical concept语法概念grammatical description语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice 准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高（元音）historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligentCALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-Europeanlanguages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferentialcommunication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phoneticalphabet, IPA 国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置，倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言（系统）larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks,LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical formrepresentation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位（作用）metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中（元音）mind 思维minimal attachmenttheory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchangeerror 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemictranscription 词素标音morphological change形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemiccomponent 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntacticalchange 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition多边对立multi-level phonology多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象Nnarratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representationof speech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought, NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocaldiscourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functionalsyllabus 意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensivecommunication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization （硬）腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverativecoarticulation 重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic formcomponent 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription标音（法）phonetics 语音学phonological analysis音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process音位过程phonologicalrepresentation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PS rule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word)多语素词polysyllabic 多音节（词）polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语（动）词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle ofinformativeness 信息性原则principle of least effort最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciationdictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality心理现实psychological subject心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structurali st approach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation,RP 标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function)控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extendedstandard theory, REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-orientedlanguage 面向图式的语言second languageacquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinalvowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network 语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretative rules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern, SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教学大纲situational variation 情景变异slot 空缺social role 社会角色social semiotic 社会符号学socio-cultural role 社会文化角色sociolinguistic study oflanguage 语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguistic study ofsociety 社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics 社会语言学sociological approach 社会学方法soft palate 软腭solidarity 团结sonnet 十四行诗sonorant 响音sonority scale 响音阶sound 语音sound image 语音图像sound pattern 语音模式sound segment 音段sound system 语音系统sound wave 音波speaker’s meaning 说话者意义speech 言语speech act theory 言语行为理论speech community 言语社团speech comprehension 言语理解speech event 言语事件speech function 言语功能speech mode 言语方式speech organ 言语器官speech perception 言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ; 言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound 语音speech synthesis 言语合成spelling 拼写,拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken languagetranslation 口语翻译spondee 扬扬格spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象spread 展元音S-structure 表层结构stability 稳定性stability reliability 稳定性效度Standard English 标准英语standard theory 标准理论standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stored knowledge 储存知识strategic knowledge 学习策略知识stratification 层stream of consciousness意识流stress pattern 重音模式stress 重音structural analysis 结构分析structural (structuralist) grammar 结构语法structural syllabus 结构教学大纲structural test 结构测试structuralism 结构主义structuralist linguistics 结构主义语言学structuralist view 结构主义观点style 文体风格stylistic analysis 文体分析stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjective test 主观性测试subjectivity 主观性subjunctive mood 虚拟语气subordinateconstruction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征surface form 表层形式surface representation 表层表达surface structure 表层结构syllabic structure 音节结构syllabification 音节划节syllable 音节syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus 教学大纲syllogism 三段论法symbol 符号synchronic (linguistics)共时（语言学）synonym 同义词synonymous 同义的synonymy 同义现象syntactic component 句法部分syntactic features 句法特征syntactic function 句法功能syntactic marker 句法标记syntactic process 句法过程syntactic restriction 句法限制syntactic structure 句法结构syntactical change 变化。
语言学术语中英对照
语言学术语中英对照writing system书写系统 word order 词序 word segmentation分词 word set 词集word segmentation unit 分词单位/切词单位word segmentation standard for Chinese 中文分词规范voice recognition 声音辨识/语音识别 vowel 元音 vowel harmony 元音和谐verb 动词verb phrase 动词组/动词短语 verb recitative compound 动补复合词verbal association 词语联想 oracle bone inscriptions甲骨文verbal phrase 动词组verbal production 言语生成vernacular 本地话V-O construction (verb-object) 动宾结构accent 口音/{Phonetics}重音Universal Grammar 普遍性语法transformation 变形[转换]Transformational Grammar 变形语法/转换语法nested structure 崁套结构text understanding 文本理解abbreviation 缩写/省略语text analyzing 文本分析 text coherence 文本一致性synonym同义词syntactic category 句法类别syntactic constituent 句法成分syntactic rule 语法规律/句法规则 structural transfer 结构转换structuralism 结构主义 stem 词干 stop 爆破音social context 社会环境 simple word 单纯词situation 情境sememe 义素 phoneme 音素 punctuation 标点符号part of speech (POS) 词类 particle 语助词 phrase 词组/短语phonemic stratum 音素层 rhetorical structure 修辞结构 rhetoric 修辞学proper name 专有名词polysemy 多义性 postposition 方位词negative sentence 否定句 multilingual translation 多语翻译Morphology 构词学 Montague Grammar 蒙泰究语法/蒙塔格语法mood 语气morpheme 词素 morphological affix 构词词缀modal 情态词 modal auxiliary 情态助动词 modal logic 情态逻辑modifier 修饰语 metaphor 隐喻M-D (modifier-head) construction 偏正结构locution 惯用语 linguistic unit 语言单位 loan 外来语lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义 lexical category 词类LAD (language acquisition device) 语言习得装置 language acquisition 语言习得intonation 语调interlingua 中介语言interlingual 中介语(的）innateness position 语法天生假说 inflection/inflexion 屈折变化inflectional affix 屈折词缀 indirect object 间接宾语immediate constituent 直接成份 imperative 祈使句 homograph 同形异义词homonym 同音异义词homophone 同音词 homophony 同音异义free morpheme 自由语素 duration 音长{语音学}/时段{语法学/语义学} disambiguation 消除歧义/歧义消除discourse 篇章 complement 补语checked 受阻的antonym 反义词apposition 同位语 ambiguity 歧义ambiguity resolution 歧义消解 affirmative 肯定（的；式）对外汉语术语中英对照音节syllable 字母alphabet 语言中的歧异现象ambiguity 发音pronunciation 广东话Cantonese 辅音consonant 声调tone 韵律rhyme声调语言tone language 押韵（v）rhyme 节奏rhythm 语调intonation语音speech of sound 词汇lexicon 语法grammar 语素morpheme构词法word-building/-formation 形态变化morphological change 音位phoneme声带vocal cords 发音器官organs of speech 呼吸器官respiratory organs音标phonetic alphabet 汉语拼音Chinese Phonetic Alphabet 属性attribute 发音articulation 甲骨文oracle bone inscriptions 笔画stroke 名词noun部首character component 表意文字ideograph 象形文字pictograph实词notional word 动词verb 形容词adjective 副词adverb代词pronoun 虚词function word 连词conjunction 语气词mood word 介词preposition 叹词interjection 助词auxiliary word 情态动词modal verb 主语subject 宾语object 定语attribute 补语complement谓语predicate 表语predicative 状语adverbial 修饰语modifier同义词synonym 反义词antonym 词组word group 时态tense专有名词proper noun 专业术语register 语境context 词尾ending后缀suffix 前缀infix 本义original meaning 基本义basic meaning引申义extended meaning 成语set phrase / idiom 方言dialect句法学Synt。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation缩写词，略语ablative夺格，离格accent重音（符）accusative宾格achievement test成绩测试acquisition习得acronym缩略语action process动作过程actor动作者address form称呼形式addressee受话人addresser发话人adjective形容词adjunct修饰成分附加语adverb副词affix词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate塞擦音agreement一致关系airstream气流alliteration头韵allomorph词/语素变体allophone音位变体allophonic variation音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge齿龈alveolar齿龈音ambiguity歧义analogical creation类推造字anapest抑抑扬格anaphor前指替代anaphoric reference前指照应animate有生命的annotation注解antecedent先行词前在词anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同发音antonomasia换称代类名antonym反义词antonymy反义(关系)appellative称谓性applied linguistics应用语言学appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy适宜性appropriateness适宜性得体性approximant无摩擦延续音aptitude test素质测试Arabic阿拉伯语arbitrariness任意性argument中项中词主目article冠词articulation发音articulator发音器官artificial speech人工言语aspect体aspirated吐气送气assimilation同化associative联想associative meaning联想意义assonance准压韵半谐音attributive属性修饰语定语authentic input真实投入authorial style权威风格authoring program编程autonomy自主性auxiliary助词auxiliary verb助动词Bbabbling stage婴儿语阶段back-formation逆构词法behavioural process行为过程behaviourism行为主义bilabial双唇音bilabial nasal双唇鼻音bilateral opposition双边对立bilingualism双语现象binary division二分法binary feature二分特征binary taxonomy二分分类学binding制约binding theory制约论blade舌叶舌面前部blank verse无韵诗blending混成法borrowing借用借词bound morpheme粘着语素bounding theory管辖论bracketing括号法brevity maxim简洁准则bridging架接broad transcription宽式音标broadening词义扩大Brown corpus布朗语料库Ccalculability可计算性calque仿造词语cancellability可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel基本元音case格交际性句子模式交际-语法教学法关系机辅助学习算机辅助教学机辅助语言学习conative意动的concept概念conceptual meaning概念意义concord一致（关系）concordance共现关系concrete noun具体名词concurrent同时发生的conjugation词形变化conjunct连接副词conjunction连接词conjunction buttressing连接词支撑connotation内涵consequent跟随成分consonance辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition不变对立constative表述的constituent proposition成分命题constituentstructureanalysis成分结构分析constituent成分construct编制construct validity编制效度construction构建constructivism构建主义content analysis内容分析content validity内容效度content word实义词context dependent语境依赖的context of situation情景语境context语境contextual analyses语境分析contextual meaning语境意义contrastive analysis对比分析control theory控制理论controlled language有控制的语言convention常规规约conventionalmeaning常规意义规约意义conventionality常规性规约性conversational implicature会话含义conversational maxim会话准则converseantonymy相反反义现象conversion变换cooperative principle, CP合作原则coordinate construction并列结构coordination并列coreferential互参的coronal舌面前音corpus data语料库语料corpus (plcorpora)语料素材corpus linguistics语料库语言学context上下文countable可数（名词）counterfactualproposition反事实命题couplet对句对联creativity创造性性Creole克里澳尔语混和语交际cross-linguistic跨语言的culturally-specific文化特异的curriculum教学大纲customizing定制的Ddactyl扬抑抑格Dani language达尼语data retrieval, DR资料检索database数据库dative (case)与格dative movement与格移动declarative陈述句decoding解码deductive演绎的deep structure深层结构defeasibility消除可行性definite有定的degenerate data无用的语料deixis指称delicacy精密阶denotation外延指称dental齿音dentalization齿音化derivation衍生derivational affix衍生词汇derivational morphology派生形态学descriptive adequacy描写充分性descriptive linguistics描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner限定词developing grammar发展语法deviant变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing清音化diachronic linguistics历时语言学diachronic历时的diacritic附加符号变音符diagnostic test诊断性测试dialect方言dialectology方言学digitized sound数字化语音dimetre二音步诗行diphthong二合元音双元音direct object直接宾语direct speech, DS直接言语direct thought, DT直接思想directionality方向性discourse语篇话语discourse analysis语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation语篇理解discrete分离的离散的discrete-point grammar离散语法discrete point test分立性测试disjunction分离关系displacement移位dissimilation异化（作用）distinctive feature区别性特征distinguisher辩义成分do-insertion rule do添加规则domain范围领域dorsal舌背音舌中音dorsum舌背（音）drill-and-practice software操练软件D-structureD结构dual双数dualistic view二分观点duality二重性Eearly Modern English早期现代英语economy经济性简洁性ejective爆发音electronic mail电子邮件ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis省略（法）elliptical sentence structure省略句子结构embedded element嵌入成分emic位学的emotive感情的empirical经验主义的empirical data经验主义的语料empirical validity经验效度empiricism经验主义empty category, EC空范畴enabling skills使成技能化encoding编码end rhyme末端韵endocentric construction内向结构entailment蕴涵entry condition入列条件epenthesis插音增音equipollent opposition均等对立equivalence相等equivalence reliability相等信度error analysis错误分析EST科技英语ethnicity identity民族认同etic非位的素的event process事件过程基于例句的机器翻译exchange error交换错误exchange sequence交际序列exchange structure交际结构exhaustive穷尽的彻底的existent存在物existential存在句existential process存在过程existential quantifier存在数量词exocentric外向的exocentric construction外向结构experiential经验的experiential function经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy解释充分性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明显的语法教学法expressionminimization表达最底程度expressive表达的extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展标准理论extensive引申的扩展的extent-conditionformat程度条件格式external evaluation外部评估external qualifier外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error外在的错误来源eye movement眼部移动Fface validity卷面效度facilitation便利促进Fasoldfeasibility可行性feature特征feedback反馈felicitycondition适宜性条件恰当条件femine阴性fiction小说figurativelanguage比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech修辞手段修辞格finite element有定成分finite有定的有限的finitestategrammar有限状态语法first-personnarrator第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology弗斯音系学flap闪音flexibility灵活性变通性floppy disk软盘focus焦点中心folk etymology俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features突出特征foregrounding突出前景话foreignlanguageteaching外语教学form形式formal difference形式差异formalization形式化formation形成formative构形成分构词成分free form自由形式freeindirectspeech,FIS自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT自由间接思想free morpheme自由语素freerootmorpheme自由词根语素free variant自由变体free verse自由韵文French法语frequency effect频率效应fricative（摩）擦音friction摩擦front舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation,FAHQT全自动高质量翻译function word功能词function功能functional grammar功能语法functional linguistics功能语言学functionalsentenceperspective,FSP功能句子观functions of language语言功能fusion溶合fuzzy模糊的Ggender difference性别差异general linguistics普通语言学generalisation概括generative grammar生成语法generative semantics生成语言学genitive属格所有格genre体裁语类German德语given (information)已给信息global task整体任务glottal喉音glottal stop喉塞音goal目标government theory支配理论government支配grammatical analysis语法分析grammatical function;;grammatical structure语法结构gradableantonymy分等级的反义关系gradual opposition渐次对立grammatical category语法范畴grammatical concept语法概念grammatical description语法描写grammatical form语法形式grammatical marker语法标记grammatical meaning语法意义grammaticalorganization语法组成grammatical pattern语法类型grammatical process语法过程grammatical rule语法规则grammaticalsentencepattern,GSP语法句形grammaticalstructure语法结构grammatical subject语法主语grammatical system语法系统grammatical word语法词graphitic form文字形式Gricean maximGrice准则group词组guttural腭音Hhalf-rhyme半韵hard palate硬腭head中心词中心成分headed construction中心结构heptameter七音步诗行hierarchical structure等级结构hierarchical system等级系统hierarchy等级体系high高（元音）historical linguistics历史语言学holophrastic stage单词句阶段homonym同音/形异议词Hopi语horizontal relation链状关系Horn scale霍恩阶humancognitivesystem人类认知系统human language人类语言human speech人类言语human translation人译hypercorrection矫枉过正hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系hypothesis假设hypothesis-deduction假设-演绎Iiamb抑扬格iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis直接成分分析法ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational(function)概念功能identifying认同的idiom成语习语idiomatically-governed习语支配的ill-formedsentences不合适的句子illocutionaryact话中行为施为性行为illocutionaryforce言外作用施为作用imaginative (function)想象功能immediacy assumption即时假定immediateconstituentanalysis直接成分分析法imperative rule祈使规则imperative祈使语气命令的implicate意含implication蕴涵含义implication connective蕴涵连接implicature含义言外之意implied meaning蕴涵意义implosive内破裂音内爆音inanimate无生命的inclusiveness relation内包意义indefinite不定的，无定的indicative陈述式陈述语气indirect object间接宾语indirct speech, IS间接言语indirect thought, IT间接思想Indo-Europeanlanguages印欧语言infinitive不定式infix中缀inflection屈折（变化）inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectionalmorphology屈折形态学inflective endings屈折结尾information retrieval信息检索information structure信息结构informative(function)信息功能innateness先天性innatenesshypothesis（语法）天赋假设input输入input hypothesis语言输入说instrumental(function)工具功能integrative test综合性测试intensifier强调成分intensive强调的增强的interactional(function)交互功能interpretation解释interrogative sentence疑问句intonation语调intra-linguistic relation语言内关系intransitive不及物的intrinsicsourcesoferror错误的内源invariable word不变词invention新创词语inversion倒置，倒装IPA chart国际音标图IPS symbol国际音标符号irony讽刺反话isolated opposition孤立对立Italian意大利语JJapanese日语jargon黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence核心句keyword关键词knowledge知识known information已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel标示标记labial唇音labiodental唇齿音language语言languageacquisitiondevice,LAD语言习得机制language attitude语言态度language choice语言选择language learning语言学习language maintenance语言维护language processing语言处理language structure语言结构language system语言系统languageteaching语言教学language universal语言普遍性language use语言使用langue语言（系统）larynx喉头lateral边音旁流音Latin拉丁语Latin grammar拉丁语法lax vowel松元音length长度音长letter字母level层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme词位词素lexical ambiguity词汇歧义lexical change词汇变化lexical level词汇层lexical meaning词汇意义lexical morphology词汇形态学lexical studies词汇研究lexical word词汇词lexicogrammar词汇语法lexicon词汇词典lexis词liaison连音连续limerick打油诗line诗行linear phonology线性音系学linear structure线形结构linguistic university语言普遍性linguistic behaviour语言行为linguisticbehaviourpotential语言行为潜势linguistic data语言素材linguistic description语言描写linguisticdeterminism语言决定论linguistic facts语言事实linguistic relativity语言相对性linguistic sexism语言性别歧视linguistic structure语言结构linguistic theory语言理论linguistic unit语言单位linguisticuniversal语言普遍性linguistic variation语言变异linguistics语言学lip rounding圆唇化literal language本义语言logicalformrepresentation逻辑式表达logical formula逻辑公式logical function逻辑功能logical semantics逻辑语义学logical structure逻辑结构logical subject逻辑主语logophoricity词照应London School伦敦学派long vowed长元音loss of sound语音脱落loudness响度Mmacrolinguistics宏观语言学macroposition宏观命题macrostructure宏观结构main clause主句Malinowski, Bronislawman-machine symbiosis人机共生manner maxim方式准则manner of articulation发音方式marked标记的masculine阳性matalinguistic元语言学的material (process)物质过程mathematicalprinciples数学原理maxim准则maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅音原则meaningpotential意义潜势meaning shift转移meaning意义mental(processs)思维过程心理过程mentalism心灵主义message信息metafunction元功能metalinguistic元语言的metaphor隐喻metathesis换位（作用）metonymy换喻转喻metre韵律metrical patterning韵律格式microprocessor微处理器mid中（元音）mind思维minimal attachment theory最少接触理论minimal pair最小对立体minimalist programminimumfreeform最小自由形式mirror maxim镜像准则mistake错误modal subject语气主语modal verb情态动词modality情态modern French现代法语modification修饰modifier修饰语monomorphemic单语素的monophonemic单音位的monophthong单元音monosyllabic单音节的Motague grammar蒙太古语法mood语气morph形素词素形式morpheme语素词素形素morpheme-exchangeerror词素交错误morphemic shape词素形状morphemic structure词素结构morphemictranscription词素标音morphological change形态变化morphological rule形态规则morphology形态学音位成分morphonemics形态音位学morphonology形态音系学morpho-syntacticalchange形态句法变化mothertongue母语本族语motivation动因动机move（移动）MT机器翻译MT quality机译质量multilateral opposition多边对立multi-levelphonology多层次音系学multilingualism多语制多语现象Nnarratee被叙述者narrator叙述者narrator’srepresentationofspeechacts,NRSA言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’srepresentationofspeech,NRS言语的叙述者表达narrator’srepresentationofthoughtacts,NRTA思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’srepresentationofthought,NRT思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription窄式音标narrowing狭窄化nasal鼻音nasal cavity鼻腔nasal sound鼻音nasal stop鼻塞音nasal tract鼻道nasality鼻音性nasalization鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker操本族语者natural language自然语言naturalistic data自然语料near-adult grammar近成人语法negation否定结构negative否定的negative interference负面干扰negative marker否定标记negative transfer负转移neogrammarian新语法学家neutralizableopposition可中立对立new information新信息new stylistics新文体学node节nominal group名词词组nominalization名词化nominative主格non-authenticinput非真实语料的输入non-contrastiveanalysis非对比性分析non-conventionality非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linearphonology非线性音系学non-linguistic entity非语言实体non-pulmonic sound非肺闭塞音non-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun非反身代词nonsewordstage无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues非言语提示norm规范notation system标写系统notion意念notional-functional syllabus意念功能教学大纲noun phrase名词短语noun名词number system数字系统number数字Oobject宾语object-deletion宾语省略objective case宾格objectivity客观性obligatory强制性observationaladequacy观察充分性abstruction阻塞OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre八音步诗行Old English古英语one-place predicate一位谓语on-line translation在线翻译onomatopoeia拟声词onset节首辅音open class开放类open syllable开音节operational system操作系统operative可操作性operator操作词oppositeness relation对立关系opposition对立optimal relevance最适宜关联option选择optional可选择的oral cavity口腔oral stop口阻塞音ordinal numeral序数词origin of language语言起源orthography正字法overgeneralization过分法则化Ppalatal腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar腭齿龈音palatalization（硬）腭化paradigm聚合体paradigmaticrelation聚合关系paraphrase释义意译parole言语part of speech词类participant参与者particle小品词语助词particulargrammar特定语的语法partive部分的部分格passivetransformation被动转换passive (voice)被动语态patterndrilltechnique句型操练法pattern模式patterning制定模式pause停顿peak（节）峰perceptual span感知时距perfectionism完善主义perfective完成体performance test语言运用测试performance语言运用performative(verb)行事性动词perlocutionary act话后行为perseverativecoarticulation重复性协同发音person人称personal (function)自指性功能pharyngeal咽头音喉音pharynx喉头谈话phone音素音子phonematic unit音声单位phoneme音位部分（法）phonological analysis音位分析phonological process音位过程phonologicalrepresentation音位表达phonological rule音位规则phonological structure音位结构phonological system音位系统phonological variant音位变体phonology音系学phrasal verb短语动词phrase短语phrase structure短语结构phrasestructuregrammar短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PS rule短语结构规则pidgin皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch音高声调高低place of articulation发音部位play剧本plosion爆破plosive爆破音爆发音plural复数pluralism多元主义plurality复数形式poetic (function)诗学功能poetry诗歌polymorphemic(word)多语素词polysyllabic多音节（词）polystemic analysis多系统分析Portugese葡萄牙语positive transfer正移转possessive所有的属有的possiblegrammar可能语言的语法postalveolar后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer后限定词post-structuralistview后结构主义观点pragmatic inference语用推论pragmatic roles语用角色pragmatics语用学PragueSchool布拉格学派predeterminer前限定词predicate calculus谓语演算predicate logic谓语逻辑predicate谓语predicator谓语（动）词predictive validity预测效度pre-editing预先编辑译前加工prefix前缀pre-modifiedinput预修正的输入premodifier前修饰语preposition介词prepositional calculus介词演算prepositional logic介词逻辑prepositionalopposition介词对立prepositionalphrase介词短语prescriptive规定式presupposition前提预设primarycardinalvowel主要基本元音primary stress主重音第一重音principleofinformativeness信息性原则principleofleasteffort最省力原则principle of quantity数量原则privativeopposition表非对立表缺对立process过程production error产生性错误productivity多产性proficiency test水平测试pro-form代词形式替代形式programming language编程语言progressive进行体progressive assimilation顺同化projection rule投射规则pronominal代词pronoun代词pronunciation发音pronunciation dictionary发音词典pronunciation发音proportionalopposition部分对立proposition命题prose style散文风格prosodicanalysis节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguisticapproach心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality心理现实psychological subject心理主语psychology of language语言心理学psychometric-structuralistapproach心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound肺闭塞音Putonghua普通话QQ-basedimplicature基于质量的含义Q-principle质量原则quality质量quality maxim质量准则quantifier数量词quantitative analysis定量分析quantitative paradigm数量变化表quantity maxim数量准则quatrain四行诗Rrange范围rank级rationalism理性主义raw data原始素材R-basedimplicature基于关联的涵义reader读者recall回忆receivedpronunciation,RP标准发音receiver受话者信息接受者recency effect近期效应recognition识别recursion可溯recursive可溯的还原的recursiveness递归性reference所指参照referential meaning所指意义referential theory所指理论referential所指的reflected meaning反映意义reflexive (form)反身形式regional dialect地域方言register语域regressive assimilation逆同化regulatory(function)控制性语言功能relation maxim关系准则relational opposite关系对立relational process关系过程relative clause关系分句关系从句relative pronoun关系代词relative uninterruptibility相对的非间断性relevance theory关联理论reliability信度repetion重复representational system表达系统representational表达实体residue剩余成分restricted language限制性语言retrieval process检索过程retrieval system检索系统retroflex sound卷舌音reverse rhyme反陨revisedextendedstandardtheory,REST修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules重写规则rheme述位rhetorical skill修辞技能rhyme韵韵角压韵rhythm韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter罗马字母root词根root morpheme词根语素round vowel圆元音R-principle关联原则rule system规则系统rule-basedapproaches基于规则的方法rules of language语言规则Ssameness relation相同关系Sanskrit梵文Sapir-WhorfHypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure索绪尔scale of delicacy精密阶schema图式scheme-orientedlanguage面向图式的语言secondlanguageacquisition第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel次要基本元音semantic feature特征semantic interpretation语义解释semanticinterpretativerules语义解释规则semantic process语义过程semantic representation语义表达semanticsentencepattern,SSP语义句型semantic triangle语义三角semantics语义学semi-consonant半辅音semiotic system符号系统semiotics符号学semi-vowel半元音sense relation意义关系sense意义sentence句子sentence fragments句子成分sentence meaning句义sentence memory句子记忆sentence stress句重音sentence structure句子结构sential calculus句子演算setting场景sibilant咝擦音sign符号signified所指受指signifier能指施指simile明喻simultaneity同时性singular单数situational context情景语境situational level情景层situational syllabus情景教学大纲situational variation情景变异slot空缺social role社会角色social semiotic社会符号学socio-cultural role社会文化角色sociolinguistic study of language语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguisticstudyofsociety社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics社会语言学sociological approach社会学方法soft palate软腭solidarity团结sonorant响音sonority scale响音阶sound语音sound image语音图像sound pattern语音模式sound segment音段sound system语音系统sound wave音波speaker’s meaning说话者意义speech言语speech act theory言语行为理论speech event言语事件speech function言语功能speech mode言语方式speech organ言语器官speech perception言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ;言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound语音speech synthesis言语合成spelling拼写,拼法split infinitives分裂的不定式spoken corpus口语语料库spokenlanguagetranslation口语翻译spondee扬扬格spoonerism首音互换斯本内现象spread展元音S-structure表层结构stability稳定性stability reliability稳定性效度Standard English标准英语standard theory标准理论standardization标准化statistical analysis统计分析status地位stem词干stimulus刺激stimulus-response刺激反应stop闭塞音stored knowledge储存知识strategic knowledge学习策略知识stratification层stream of consciousness意识流stress pattern重音模式stress重音structural analysis结构分析structural(structuralist)grammar结构语法structural syllabus结构教学大纲structural test结构测试structuralism结构主义structuralistlinguistics结构主义语言学structuralist view结构主义观点style文体风格stylistic analysis文体分析stylistics文体学subcategorize次范畴subject主语subject-deletion主语省略subjective test主观性测试subjectivity主观性subjunctive mood虚拟语气subordinate construction从属结构subordination从属substitutability替代性substitution替换tacit knowledge默契的知识tagme法位tagmemics法位学tap一次接触音target language目标语言tautology同义反复冗辞template模块tense vowel紧元音tense时态test content测试内容test form测试形式testee受试者testing测试test-retestreliability一测再测信度tetrameter四音步诗行text语篇text encoding语篇编码text interpretation语篇解释text style语篇风格textual organization语篇组织textual语篇功能theme主位theoretical linguistics理论语言学third-personnarrator第三人称叙述者thought presentation思想表达three-place predicate三位谓语tone声调音调tongue height舌高tongue position舌位tongue tip舌尖topic主题trace theory轨迹论traditional grammar传统语法transcribed标音transcription音标标音transfer移转transfer approach移转法transformation转换transformationofinterrogation疑问转换分、transformational grammar转换语法transformational process转换过程transformational rule转换规则transformational-generativegrammar,TG grammar转换生成语法transitivity及物性translation翻译tree diagram树形图trill颤音trochee抑扬格长短格trope转喻隐喻truth condition真值条件truth value真值tu/vous distinction你/您区别turn length话语轮次长度turn quantity话语轮次数量turn-taking依次发言two-place predicate二位谓语two-word utterance二词话语typology类型学UUnaspirated不松气的underlying form底层形式underlying representation底层表达uninterruptibility非中断性universal grammar, UG普遍语法universal quantifier普遍限量词universal普遍现象universality普遍性universalsoflanguage语言的普遍现象unmarked未标记的unrounded vowel非圆元音urban dialectology都市方言学user用户user-friendly方便用户的utterance meaning语句意义utterance语句uvula小舌uvular小舌音Vvalidity效度variable可变化的variable word可变化词variation变异variety变体语体velar软腭音velarization腭音化velum软口盖verb动词verb phrase动词短语verbal process言语过程verbiage言辞vernacularlanguageeducation本地化教育vertical relation选择关系vocabulary词汇vocal cord声带vocal organ发音器官vocal tract声道vocative呼格voice语态voiced consonant浊辅音voiced obstruent浊塞音voiced (sound)浊音voiceless consonant清辅音voiceless obstruent清塞音voiceless (sound)清音voicing浊音化，有声化vowel glide元音音渡vowel元音Wweb page网页Wh-interrogative特殊疑问句women register女性语域word 词word class词类word formation词语形成word group词组word meaning词义word order词序word recognition词语识别word formation词语形成word-for-word逐词翻译wording措辞workingmemorystem工作记忆系统writing文字writing system文字系统written language书面语written text篇章XX-bar TheoryX-bar理论Yyes/no interrogative是非问句yes/no question是非问句Zzero form零形式。
语言学术语英汉对照对照
back vowel
后元音
back-formation
逆构词法
bilabial
双唇音
bilingualism
双语（现象）
blending
拼缀法
borrowing
借用
bound morpheme
黏着词素
broad transcription
宽式标音
case
格
case condition
英汉术语对照
acoustic phonetics
声学语音学
acronym
首字母缩略词
acronymization
首字母缩略法
adjacency condition
毗邻条件
adjacency parameter
毗邻参数
adj-movement
形容词移位
affective meaning
情感意义
affix
词缀
affixation
词缀法
Afro-asiatic Family
亚非语系，闪含语系
agglutinative language
粘着语
allomorph
语素变体
allophone
音位变体
ambiguity
歧义（多义性）
arbitrariness
任意性
articulatory phonetics
发音语音学
成事性言语行为
person
人称
person deictics
人称指示词
pharyngeal cavity
咽腔
phone
音素
phoneme
音素
phoneme
英汉语言学术语对照表
说明：此术语表的基础是笔者几年前为《廖秋忠文集》作的一个术语索引，后来又补充了另外两本书的术语。
由于局限于这三种书，当然不能涵盖现代语言学所有常用术语。
当时之所以选择这三种书，主要是考虑到这几种著作的著／译者对词语的译法较有权威性。
这几年来，国内新出版的反映新近语言理论的译述又有不少，可惜笔者无力集齐所有的术语。
今借网刊一角，把这份原始材料提供给大家参考，更希望作为引玉之砖，藉网上同好之力，共同建立起一份较为全面的英汉术语语汇表来。
－伯江，一九九八年十二月六日术语表刊出后，很快得到陶红印先生惠赐所编制的《当代社会语言学》一书的词语，现已悉数补入。
在此对红印兄深表谢意。
－伯江，一九九八年十二月十三日文献目录廖：《廖秋忠文集》，北京语言学院出版社1992。
陈：陈平《现代语言学研究》，重庆出版社1991。
吕：吕叔湘、黄国营译，沈家煊校《句法理论基础》(，华中工学院出版社1986。
陶：徐大明、陶红印、谢天蔚《当代社会语言学》，中国社会科学出版社1997。
Aabsolute universals 绝对共性[廖328]absolute case 通格[廖204]abstract construct 抽象结构[廖235]accessibility hierachy 辨认度[廖27]acceptability 可接受性[廖373]accommodation 让步，适应[陶]accompaniment adverb 交与副词[吕239]accomplishment 结束[陈147 159]accusative 受事格[廖346]accusative object 受事宾语[吕240]achievement 成就[陈147]act 行为[廖236]act sequence 信息内容与形式[陶]actional predicate 动作谓语[吕240]activated 被激发的[廖396 402]active 主动格[陈108]activity 活动[陈147 157]actual 实际[廖375]adequacy 切应性[陈51]adjacency 邻接关系[吕240]adjacency pairs 语对[陶]adjective 形容词[吕240]adjunct string 附加语符列[陈45]adjuncts 修饰语[廖27]adjusment model 调整模式[陈41]adposition 介词[吕240]advanced 高等[陶]adverb 副词[吕240]adverb-fronting 副词前移[吕240]adverb-lowering 副词下降[吕240]affective 表情(作用)[陈9]affix 词缀[吕240]Afrikanns 阿富堪斯[陶]age grading 年龄级差[陶]agent 施事[吕240]agglutinating 粘着型[廖331]agglutinative 粘着型[陈107]agreement 一致[吕240]agreement maxim 同意的准则[廖369]AI(artificial intelligence) 人工智能[廖235]allocation of function 功能的分配[陶]allocation of use 用途的分配[陶]ambiguity 歧义[吕240]ambiguity maxim 歧义准则[廖370]American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages (ACTFL) 美国外语教学委员会[陶] American Institutes of Research 美国研究所[陶]analogues 模拟词[廖408]analytic 分析型[陈107]analytic causative 分析式使成式[廖345]anaphor 回指对象[陈182]anaphora 指称替代[廖236] 回指形式[陈182]anaphoric reference 回指[陈121 181][吕240]animacy 生命度[廖326 332 347 352]antecedent 先行词[陈182] 被代词[吕240]anterior 先事时[陈173]anterior future 先事将来时[陈174]anterior past 先事过去时[陈174]anterior present 先事现在时[陈174]anthropological 人类学的[廖235]anthropology 人类学[陶]Antigua 西印度群岛上的安梯瓜[陶]antipodals 对跖词[廖413]antonym 两极词[廖412]antonymy 两极关系[廖417]apparent time 显象时间[陶]appositive clause 同位小句[吕240]approbation maxim 表扬的准则[廖369]appropriateness 合适性[廖374]得体性[陶]arbitrary 任意的[陶]archiphoneme 原音位[陈10]argument 论元[陈84 196] 参与者[吕240]argument position 论元位[陈104]argumentation 论辩体[廖124]argumentative 论证[廖236]argumentative structure 论证结构[廖237] Aroucanians 智利的阿劳卡尼人[陶]article 冠词[吕240]aspect 时态[陈143] 态[吕240] 体[陶]assert 肯定[吕240]assertion 肯定[吕240]assertive 断言的[廖425]assign 分配[吕240]associated typology 关联类型学[廖331]atomic structure of sentences 句子的原始结构[吕240] attach to 系附于[吕240]attenuated 较单薄的[廖61]attributes 属性[廖435 449]attributive relative clause 修饰性关系小句[吕240] audience design 听众设计[陶]augmented transition network 扩展的转移网络[廖379] authentic 真实材料[陶]automatic translation 自动翻译[陈96]autonomous syntax 自主的句法[廖236] Autosegmental Phonology 自分音系理论[陶] auxiliary verb 助动词[吕240]BBaby Talk娃娃腔[陶]back-channel 衬托型反馈形式[陶]backgrounding 抑退[吕240]Bahasa Indonesia 巴萨印尼话[陶]ballooning(of rules) (规则)膨胀[吕240]banter principle 逗乐原则[廖369]bare noun 光杆名词[陈129]basic level 基本层次[廖417]basic level terms 典型层次词[廖436]Basque 巴斯克语[陶]Bazaar Malay 集市马来话[陶]begging 乞求[陶]behavioral norm 行为规范[陈106]Berber 柏柏尔语[陶]beyond sentence grammar 超句语法[廖234]bi-cultural 双文化[陶]bidialectalism 双方言[陶]bilingual 说双语的人[陶]bilingualism 双语[陶]biunique 一一对应[陈11]bounded 有界的[陈168]boundedness 封闭性[廖438]bracketing 加括[吕241]brand new 全新的[廖399]bundle of features 特征束[陈10]Ccamaraderie 同志式的[陶]cardinal reference-point 主要元音参考点[廖318] case-marker 格标记[吕241]case marking 格标记[廖340]Catalan 加泰窿语[陶]cataphoric reference 反指[陈206] catastrophic change 剧变，灾变[陶] catastrophism 剧变说，灾变说[陶]categorize 类化[陈103]categorization 范畴化[廖449]category 范畴[廖449][吕241]causal 因果性[陈117]causative construction 使成结构[廖326 344] cause adverb 原因副词[吕241]causee 使成者[廖345]causer 肇事者[廖345]center string 中心语符列[陈45]change in progress 进行中的变化[陶]chunk 信息块[陈89]circumstantial role 附带成分[陈183] circumstantials 随遇成分[廖27]citation 引用[廖359]clarity principle 清楚原则[廖370]class 类[陈128]classical 古语[陶]class-inclusion 类包括[吕241]classes of words 词类[吕241]classification 分类体[廖124]clause 小句[廖236][吕241]clause-internal rules 小句内部规则[吕241]cleft sentence 分裂句[陈240]clefting 分裂[吕241]closed network 封闭网络[陶]cluster 词群[廖408]code 代码[吕241]code norm 代码规范[陈105]code-switching 语码转换[陶]codification 标准的健全[陶]coding 表现[陈163]coding device 编码手段[吕241]cognitive content 认识内容[吕241]cognitive correspondence 认知对应原则[陈104]cognitive function 认识功能[吕241]cognitive information 认知信息[陶]cognitive representation theory 认知表现理论[陈104] cognitive science 认知科学[廖380]cognitive synonymy 认知同义关系[廖406]coherence 意义连贯[廖373]cohesion 形式连贯[廖373]cohesive relationship 连贯关系[廖399]collaborative finish 合作完成式[陶]collocational restrictions 习惯性搭配限制[廖408] command 统御[陈68]comment 论述,陈述[廖333 396][陈187] 说明[吕241] commissives 承诺[廖423]common focus 共喻圈[吕242]common knowledge 共同知识[吕242]communication 传信[廖379]communication accommodation theory, CAT 交际适应理论[陶] communicative competence 交际能力[廖278] communicative force 实际用义[廖357]communicative language teaching 交际语言教学[陶] compactness 简洁[吕242]comparative 比较[吕242]compatibility 并存关系[廖407]competence 语言能力[陈18] 能耐[吕242] complementaries 互补词[廖411]complements 补足成分[廖27] 补语[吕242] complementizer 成形剂[吕242]complex change 复变[陈160]complex-NP-shift 复杂NP移位[吕242]complex sentence 复杂句[吕242]componentialist 要素分析者[廖438]compound interdependent 合成型[陶]compression rules 压缩规则[吕242]conative function 使动功能[廖313]conceptual dependency 概念从属(语法)[陈101]concord 一致[吕242]conditional adverb 条件副词[吕242]conditional coherence 条件连贯[陈83]configuration 构型[廖438]configurationality 组合性[陈108]congruence relations 一致关系[廖406]congruent 一致性[陶]congruent meronym 一致部件[廖407]conjoinability 可连接性[廖27]conjunction 连词/联合[吕242]conjunction-reduction 省并[吕242]connectivers 连接成分[廖451]constituency rules 组成成分规则[廖314]constituent class 成分类别[陈41]constituent ellipsis 成分省略[廖14]constituent insertion 成分插入[陶]constituent order 结构成分顺序[廖334]constitutive principles 构成原则[廖373]constant 常量[吕242]constraints 限制[廖328] 约束[吕242]construction grammar 结构语法[廖281]containment 包含[廖483]contemporary 当代[陶]content form 内容形式[陈9]content mode 内容表达式[廖359]content substance 内容实体[陈9]context 语境,上文[廖236 395]context of situation 言语情景；情景的上下文[陶]context-dependent structure/system 依靠语境的结构/系统[廖236] context-free rule 不受上下文约束的规则[吕242]context of situation 语境[廖319]context-sensitive rule 受上下文约束的规则[吕242]contextual relations 语境关系[廖404]contextual style 场合语体[陶]contextualization cues 语境线索[陶]continuity 连续性[陈187]continuous variable 连续变量[陶]continuum 连续体[陈64 162]contraction 语音省缩[吕242]contrary 指反[陈217]contrastive prominence 对比重音[吕242]control 自控力[廖332]convergence 靠近[陶]conversation 会话[廖236]conversational analysis,CA 对话分析[廖235] 会话分析[陶] conversational implicatures 话语蕴含[陶]conversational postulates 对话原则[廖361]converse 逆反词[廖413]co-occurrence constraint 共现约束[吕242]cooperative principle 合作原则[廖179 357]co-ordinate independent 并存型[陶]copula verb 系词[吕242]coreference 同一性关系[陈182]corpus planning 语型规划[陶]corrected mean 修正均值[陶]correspondence 对应[廖365]co-taxonyms 同类分类词[廖409]counteractive 反动关系[廖412]counterparts 对应词[廖413]covert prestige 隐威信[陶]creole 克里奥语,混合语[陶]criterial 判别性的[廖404]cross-cultural communication 跨文化的交际[陶]crossover 超越[陶]cultivation 培养[陶]current 邻接的[廖399]cycle 轮转[吕243]cyclic application 循环使用[廖317]contrastive features 区别特征[陶]Ddata 数据[廖236]dative 与格[廖346]Davidian 达罗毗荼[陶]declaratives 宣告句[廖420]declarative sentence 陈述句[吕243]de-creolization 克里奥尔脱化[陶]de-creolization continuum 克里奥尔脱化连续体[陶]deep structure 深层结构[吕243]default 常规选择[廖373]deferent 敬重[陶]Deficit Hypothesis 语言缺陷论[陶]definite 有定[廖40]definiteness 定指度[廖342]definiteness of subject and object 主语和宾语的限定[廖237] degree-terms 程度词[廖411]deictic 指示词[吕243]deixis 指示词[廖195]deletion rules 消除规则[吕243]delicacy 精细度[廖319]demonstrative structure 论证结构[廖451]deontic modality 义务情态[廖419]dependency relation 依赖关系[吕243]derivational morphology 衍生构词[廖316] 构词形态[吕243] derived sentence 派生句[吕243]description 描写体[廖124]descriptive structuer 描写结构[廖237]descriptivists 描写学派[廖308 322][陈11 35]design features 图案成分[廖309]destressing 轻音化[吕243]determiner 区别词[吕243]deviation 偏离[陶]diachronic derivability 历时可导性[陈116]diagram 图解[吕243]dialect 方言[陶]dialect geography 方言地理学[廖264]dialectology 方言学[廖262]dialogic 对话性[陶]dialogue 对话[廖234 236]differentiable 可区分的[廖408]diglossia 双言制[陶]dimension 标度[廖211]dimensional model 层面模式[陈109]direct illocutions 直接表达式[廖361]direct object 直接宾语[吕243]directional adverb 趋向副词[吕243]directives 指令[廖423]direct speech 直接句[廖360]discourse 对话[廖379] 言谈[吕243]discourse analysis 篇章分析[廖181 234 310][陈25 55] discourse connectedness 篇章连贯[廖236]discourse connectives 篇章连接[廖236 237]discourse for special occasions 特别场合的篇章[廖236] discourse-functional syntax 篇章-功能句法[廖236] discourse-functionally motivated structure/system有篇章-功能理据的结构/系统[廖237] discourse genres 篇章类型[廖236]discourse intonation 篇章语调[廖236]discourse organization 篇章结构[廖236]discourse particles 篇章词[廖236]discourse perspective on syntax 篇章观点看句法[廖237] discourse predicate 篇章谓词[廖236 237]discourse scope 篇章管界[廖236 237]discourse units 篇章单位[廖236]discovery procedure 发现过程[廖309] 发现程序[陈11 43] discrete 离散的[廖332]displaced 间隔的[廖399]dissonance 不和谐[廖416]distant 距离，保持距离[陶]distinctive features 区别成分[廖317]distinctive feature theory 区别成分理论[廖313] distributionalists 分布学派[陈11]distribution universals 分布共性[廖338]divergence 分离[陶]Document Design Project, DDP 文献设计计划[陶] doing 做事[陶]domain 认知领域[廖438]domain of predication 表述界域[吕243]domain of transformations 转换界域[吕243]domain theory 语域理论[陶]dominances 处理中心[廖373]dominant 显性[陈115]double articulation 双重分节[陈113]doublet 词对[廖408]dummy filler 傀儡成分[吕244]durative 持续[陈152]dynamic process 动态过程[陈64]Eearly modern 现代早期[陶]ease of processing 循索的便利[吕244]eclectic 折中调和[陈70]economy principle 简练原则[廖370]effectiveness 有效性[廖374]efficiency 简易性[廖373]efficient 高效性[陈40]elaborated code 复杂语码[陶]elaboration 标准的扩建[陶]elementary sentence 初级句[陈45]ellipsis 省略[廖14 236]ellipsis of arguments and frams 主目和框架的省略[廖237] embed sentence 嵌入句[吕244]embedded construction 嵌套结构[陶]empirical evidence 立论依据[陈16]empty category 空语类[陈17]encode 表现[陈22]end-focus maxim 焦点在尾准则[廖359 370] endocentric 内中心[吕244]endoglossic 本土的[陶]endonym 被包含词[廖408]ends 目标与效果[陶]end-scope maxim 辖域在尾准则[廖370]end-weight maxim 重心在尾准则[廖359 370]entail 包含[廖194]entailment 包含关系[廖404]entity 实体[廖435][陈120]episodic memory 情节记忆[廖376]epistemic modality 知识情态[廖419]equi-NP-deletion 等名消除[吕244]equipollent antonyms 均等词[廖412]ergative-absolutive system 施-受格系统[廖333]ergative case 作格[廖204][陈108]ergativity 作格格局[廖196]ethnicity 民族[陶]ethno- 民族，民俗[陶]ethnographical 人群学的[廖235]ethnography of communication 交际民族志学[陶] ethnography of speaking 言语民族志学；交际人种志学[陶] ethnomethodological 民族学的[廖235] ethnomethodology 民俗方法论[陶]European Community 欧洲共同体[陶]evaluated participation, EP 参与估价[陶]evaluation 评价体[廖124] 评价[陶]evaluatives 评价[廖423]event 事件[廖236]evidence 验证[吕244]evoked 激发的[廖399 402]exchange 交换[廖236]excluded 排斥的[廖404]exemplar 样本[廖435]existential sentence 存在句,呈现句[吕244]exocentric 外中心[吕244]exoglossic 外来的[陶]exonym 包含词[廖408]expansion rule 扩展规则[吕244]expected 预期的[廖404]experiencer 感受者[廖332]expert category 专业范畴[廖437]explicit 明确[陈37]expository 说明,说明体[124 236]exposition 说明体[廖124]expression form 表达形式[陈9]expression substance 表达实体[陈9]expressive discourse 抒情体[廖124]expressive function 表情功能[廖313]expressity principle 表达力原则[廖370]extended performative hypothesis 扩展表述句式假说[廖361]extraposition 外位[吕244]Ffactive 叙实[吕244]factivity 实事性[吕244]falsification 证伪[陈26]family resemblance 家庭成员相似性[廖434]family resemblance category 家庭成员相似范畴[廖439] family tree theory 家族树理论[陈5]feature 特征[廖449]feature norm 特征规范[陈106]feedback 反馈[陶]field 场域[陈79] 范围[陶]figure 人物[廖161]finished product 成品[陈86]finite-state grammar 有限状态语法[陈49]first pair part 上联[陶]flagged 插旗式，标记性[陶]flectional 融合性[廖331]Flemish 荷兰语的佛来米语[陶]focus 焦点[廖332][陈65]focus of information 信息焦点[陈235]focusing rules 聚焦规则[吕244]folk category 通俗范畴[廖437]folk taxonomy 民俗分类结构[廖409]force 动力,用意[廖332 357 360]foregrounding 突出[吕244]Foreign Service Institute美国外交学院[陶]foreigner talk 外国人腔[陶]formalism 形式主义[廖452]formalist 形式主义学派[陈14]formalist functionalism 形式功能主义[廖357]formal universals 形式共性[廖327]formation rules 成形规则[吕244]formulaic 套语性[陈112]forms of communication 交际形式[陶]forms of speech 言语形式[陶]fossilize 僵化[陶]frame 框架[廖400 438 451][陈82] 交际框架[陶] framing 框架[陶]frequency adverb 频次副词[吕245]fronting 前化[陈6]fronting rules 移前规则[吕245]full turn 正式的话轮[陶]function assignment 功能分配[陈96]function of communication 交际功能[陶]functional coherence 功能连贯[廖236][陈83]functional communicative activities 功能性交流活动[陶] functionalism 功能主义[廖452]functionalist 功能主义学派[陈14]functional sentence perspective 功能的句子透视[廖374][陈56] function yield 功能值[廖313]functor-content hierarchy 虚-实词等级[廖338]future 将来时[陈173]Ggapping 缺略[吕245]gender 性[吕245]general 普遍性[陈40]general linguistics 普通语言学[廖274 320]general linguistic theory 普通/遍语言理论[廖275]general pragmatis 普通语用法[廖365]Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar 普遍短语结构语法[陈14] generate 概括,定义,规范[廖314 322] 生成[吕245] generation difference 代差[陶]generative grammar 生成语法[廖322]generative phonology 生成音系学[廖318]generative sementics 生成语义学[廖345][陈19 59]generative syntax 生成句法学[廖318]genres 言语体裁[陶]generic 通指[陈119 167]generic level 属层[廖409]generosity maxim 宽宏的准则[廖369]genetic 起源性[陈116]genetic linguistics 谱系语言学[陈109]gerund formation 动名词形成[吕245]gerundivization 动名词化[吕245]given information 已知信息[陈78 187 234]global coherence 总体连贯[陈83]globally 总的[廖359]glossematics 语符学[廖316 322]glosseme 语符[陈9]goal 对象[吕245]Government and Binding 支配与约束理论[陈14]grade-terms 渐变词/成分[廖411][陈162]gradualism 均变说[陶]grammar 语法[廖357 371]grammaticality 合乎语法[廖314]grammaticality judgement 语法判别能力[陶] grammaticalization 语法化[陈23]grammaticalness 合语法性[吕245]Great V owel Shift 元音大换位[陶]HHausa 豪萨语[陶]head 中心语[陈45]hearsay 听说[廖421]heavier element principle 大块头原则[吕245] hedge 模棱话[陶]hedges 边界词[廖437]heterogeneity 复杂性或异质性[陶] heterogeneous 异质的[陈152]hierarchical structure 层次构造/结构[陈28 39] hierarchy 等级结构[廖328 408]hierarchy of accessibility to relativization关系子句化的可即度等级[廖343] hierarchy of individuation 个体化等级[廖348] hierarchy of saliency 显著性等级[廖348]high key 高音[廖441]high variety 高变体[陶]higher mental function 高级智力功能[陶]higher-order predicate 高次位词[陈196]Hindi 印地语[陶]historical linguistics 历史语言学[廖349]holistic typology 整体类型[廖331]homogeneous 均质的[陈152] 同质的[陶] hortatory 规劝/诱导体[廖124 236] hypercorrection 矫枉过正[陶]hypoconverse 下逆反词[廖407]hyponymy 下义关系[廖406]IICAO 国际民航组织[陶]idea unit 思想单位[陈102]ideal speaker 理想的说话人[廖308]ideational 表义部分[廖358] 意念成分[陈78] ideational function 表义功能[廖364]identical deletion 承前删除[廖14]identifiable 定指[陈119]identifying function 鉴别功能[吕246]idiolect 个人语言[陈26]idiomaticity 惯用性质[陈111]ill-formed 非完美形式[陈48] 不协调[吕246] illocutions 行事作用[陈96]immediate constituents 直接成分[陈36]imperative sentence 命令句[吕246]imperfective 不完全态[陈177] 未完成态[吕246] Implementation 标准的实施[陶]implicate 蕴含[陶]implicational hierarchy 蕴含层级[廖433]implicational universals 蕴含共性[廖327 328][陈108] implicature 会话蕴含,含义,蕴含义[廖195 365 395][陈65] improbability 不可能[廖416]inappropriateness 不合适[廖408]inceptive 始事态[吕246]inclusive 包容性[陈40]incompatibility 排斥关系[廖407]incongruence 不调合[廖408]incongruent非一致性[陶]incoroporating 聚合型[廖331]incrementation 增长[吕246]indefinite-agent-deletion 无定施事消除[吕246] indefinite article 无定冠词[吕246]indefinite-NP-deletion 无定名词短语消除[吕246]in-depth 深探式[陈27]index 指标[陶]index of fusion 融合度[廖331]index of status characteristics, ISC地位特征指数[陶]index of synthesis 合成度[廖331]indexical information 特征信息[陶]indexical meaning 检索意义[陶]indexicality of sign 符号的引得属性[陶]indicative 直陈语气[吕246]indicator 指示项[陶]indirect converse 间接逆反词[廖413]indirect illocutions 间接表达式[廖361]indirect speech 间接句[廖360]indirect speech act 间接讲话行为[廖361]individual 单指[陈119] 个体[陈128]inference 推论[廖395]inferrable 可推导的[廖399]inflected 曲折型[陈107]inflection 构形变化[吕246]inflectional morphology 构形形态[吕246]information structure 信息结构[陈66]information theory 信息论[陶]information unit 信息单位[陈66 78]informativity 信息度[廖373]inherent 固有的[陶]inner city 内城[陶]innateness 天赋论[廖328]insertion rules 插入规则[吕246]instantiate 例示[廖435]instrumental adverb 工具副词[吕246] instrumentalities 交际工具[陶]instantiation 体现[陈77]intellectual revolution 知识革命[陶] intelligibility 可懂度[陶]intensifier 强度副词[吕246]intensional verb 愿望副词[吕246]intention 意图[吕246]intentionality 有目的性[廖373]interaction 相互影响[廖236] 交流，互动[陶] interactional 相互作用的[廖394] 交流大纲[陶] interactive 互动关系[廖412]interest principle 有趣原则[廖369]interjection 叹词[吕246]interlanguage 中介语[陶]interlinguistics 语际语言学[陈96] intermediate 中等[陶]interpersonal 人际成分[陈78]interpersonal rhetoric 人际修辞[廖358 363] inter-personal variation 个人之间的变异[陶] interpretive semanticists 解释语义学派[陈19] interrogatives 询问句[廖420]intertextuality 章际性[廖373]intonation contour 调形[陈78]intonation unit 语调单位[陈102]intransitive 不及物[吕246]intra-personal variation 个人内部的变异[陶] intra-sentential code-switching 句内语码转换[陶] introspection 内省[陈24]introspective judgement 内省的判断[廖314] inversion 倒转[吕246]in-width 博采式[陈27]irony maxim 讽刺准则[廖357]irony principle 讽刺原则[廖369]irreversible 不可逆的[廖209]isogloss 等言线，等语线[陶]isolating 孤立型[廖331]item and arrangement 单元和排列[廖316][陈41] item and process 单元和过程[廖316][陈41] iterative 多次态[陈171]Jjourney 历程[廖438]jussives 命令句[廖420]Kkernel sentence 核心句[吕247]key 传递信息的方式、风格[陶]knowing 获取知识[陶]knowledge schema 知识框架，知识脚本[陶]Llandmark 参照点[廖440]language 语言[陶]language contact 语言的接触[陶]language death 语言死亡[陶]language faculty 语言官能[廖277]language imposition 语言上加，语言强加[陶]language of wider communication, LWC 交际面广泛的语言[陶] language policy 语言政策[陶]language politics 语言政治[陶]language shift 语言转移[廖389] 语言替换[陶]language socialization 语言社会化过程[陶]language spread 语言扩散[陶]language typology 语言类型[廖330 331]language universal 语言共性成份[廖313 326 329] [陈13] langue 语言[陶]leakage of rules 规则的遗漏[吕247]lexeme 词目[廖405]lexical causative 词汇使成式[廖345]lexical diffusion 词汇扩散[陶]lexical form 词形[廖405]lexical functional grammar 词汇-功能语法[陈14 100]lexical interpretivists 词汇解释学派[陈59]lexical mophemes 实词素[廖353]lexical phonology 词汇音系学[陈101]lexical semantics 词汇语义学[陈101]lexical siblings 兄弟词[廖408]lexical substitution 词语替代[廖236 237]lexical unit 词义单元[廖403]lexicalgrammar 词汇语法[陈77]lexicalist hypothesis 词汇假说[陈100]lexicalization 词汇化[吕247]lexicon 词库[吕247]linear order 线性顺序[陈28]lingua franca 交际语[陶]linguistic context 语言环境[陈23 124]linguistic competence 语言能力[廖308]linguistic description 语言描写[廖274]linguistic insecurity 语言不安全感[陶]linguistic performance 语言表现[廖308]linguistic polarity 语言极化[廖414]linguistic proper 纯语言学[陈55]linguistic relativity 语言相对论[廖322]linguistic typology 语言类型[廖332]linguistic universal(s) 语言共性[廖329]linguistics 语言学[廖274]linguistics theories 语言理论[廖274]linguistic theory 语言理论[廖274]literary discourse 文学体[廖124]live conversation 正在使用的交谈[廖234]loanwords 借词[陶]local coherence 局部连贯[陈83]locative adverb 处所副词[吕247]locutive verbs 表达动词[廖360]logic polarity 逻辑极化[廖414]logic-pragmatic mapping 逻辑-语用映射[廖361]logical sense 字义[廖361]loop 闭合循环[陈50]low variety 低变体[陶]lowering rules 下降规则[吕247]Mmacro continuity 宏观连续性[陈187]macro-sociolinguistics宏观社会语言学[陶]macrostructure 宏观结构[陈83]macrosyntactic conjunctions 超句子的连词[廖85]macrosyntactic use of conjunctions 连词的超句子用法[廖90] maintenance 维持，保持[陶]major language 主要语言[陶]manner adverb 状态副词[吕248]map 地图式,静止定位式[廖161]mapping 映射[廖365]marked 有标记的,不自然的[廖317]markedness 不自然性[317]marker 标志项[陶]market segmentation 市场分割[陶]Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts（美国马萨诸塞州）马萨葡萄园岛，马岛[陶] matched guise technique 配对变语法[陶]maxim 准则[廖357 363]maximization 最广泛的解释[廖417]meaning 语义[廖376]means adverb 手段副词[吕248]means-end analysis 手段-目的分析[廖366]mental model 内心模型[廖400]mental representation 心灵表象[廖436]merger rules 融合规则[吕248]meronymy 部件结构,部件关系[廖410]message 信息[吕248] 内容[陶]metalanguage 高一层次的语言[廖359]metaphor 隐喻[廖432 439]metaphorical extension 比喻引申[吕248]metaphorical switching 喻义性转换[陶]metareference 自指[廖359]mrtareferential constituent 自指成分[廖359]method 方法[廖236]metonymy 转喻[廖432 439]micro continuity 微观连续性[陈187]micro-sociolinguistics 微观社会语言学, 小社会语言学[陶] microanalysis 微观分析[陶]minor language 次要语言[陶]missing link 欠缺的环节[廖401]modality 情态[廖430]mode 方式[陈79]modal-lowering 语气下降[吕248]modality 语气[吕248]model-theoretic 模型论[廖359]mode 方式[陶]mode of action 行为方式[廖319]mode of mention 表达方式[廖359]modesty maxim 谦虚的准则[廖369]modern 现代[陶]modifier 修饰语[吕248]modularity 模块性[陈96]modumonogenesis 单一祖语论[廖328]monologue 独白[廖234 236]mood 语气[廖420 430]morphological case 词形格[廖332]morphological causative 形态使成式[廖345] morphophonemic rule 语素音位规则[陈42]motherese 母亲式语型[陶]motivating 制导[陈75]move 语步[陈76]movement rules 移动规则[吕248]multi-dimensional 多向/多维[吕248]multilingualism 多语[陶]multiple-clause rules 多小句规则[吕248]Nnarrative 记叙体[廖124 236]national language 国语[陶]national official language 本国官方语言[陶]native speaker 讲本族语人[陈24]Natural Communicative Concentration 自然交际聚合体[陶] natural phonology 自然语音系统学[廖318]natural taxonomy 自然分类结构[廖409]near universals 近似共性[廖352]Nederlands 荷兰语的奈德兰兹语[陶]negation operator 否定因子[吕248]negative face 消极面子[陶]negative-fronting 否定移前[吕248]negative-lowering 否定下降[吕249]negligibility 可忽略性[廖27]Neogrammarian principle 规则性原理[陶] neogrammarians 新语法学派[陈6]neo-linguistics 新语言学派[廖305]Network Analysis 网络分析[陶]neutralization 消失[廖315]new 新的[廖399]new information 新的信息[陈78 187 234]node 结[吕249]nominal anaphora 名词性回指[陈181]nominal kind 名义上的类[廖409]nominalization 名词化[吕249]nomination theory 命名理论[陈95]nominative 主格[陈108]nominative-accussative system 主-宾格系统[廖333] nonce borrowing 一次借词[陶]non-assertive 非断言的[廖425]non-existence 述无[陈217]non-factive 非事实[廖425]non-factuality 非事实性[廖419]non-finite 非定[廖424]non-focus 非焦点[廖332]nonidentifiable 不定指[陈119]non-implicational universals 非蕴含共性[廖328]non-linguistic context 非语言环境[陈23 125]non-referential 无所指[廖42][陈119 167]nonspecific 虚指[陈119]norm 规范[陈105]norms 交流中的行为规范[陶]norm selection 标准的选择[陶]notation system 符号系统[廖314]novice 初等[陶]NP accessbility hierarchy 名词的优先顺序[廖197] nucleus 调核[陈235]number agreement 数的一致[廖347]Nynorsk 新挪威语[陶]Oobject-fronting 宾语移前[吕249]oblique clauses 修饰小句[廖426]oblique object 其他间接宾语[廖346]official language 官方，正式语言[陶]officially absent 出入意外[陶]onomasiology 专名学[陈95]onomatopoetic 拟声词[陈96]open-endedness 敞开性[吕249]open network 开放网络[陶]operand 操作数[廖336]operator 操作符[廖336] 因子[吕249]operation 操作[陈45]operational definition 操作定义[陶]ordered heterogeneity 有序异质性[陶] orthography 正字法[吕249]overlap 同时发话[陶]overlapping antonyms 重叠两极词[廖412]Rrace 种族[陶]raising rule 提升规则[吕251]raising-to-object 提升为宾语[吕252]raising-to-subject 提升为主语[吕252]rank 级别[廖319]rank-shifting 调级[吕252]rank-terms 等级词[廖411]reactive expression 起应对作用的惯用表达式[陶] reactive token 反馈形式，反应词语[陶]real 真[廖427]real time 真实时间[陶]Received Pronunciation (RP) （英语的）标准发音[陶] recessive 隐性[陈115]reciprocal construction 相互结构[吕252]recover 找回[廖]recursive 递归[陈196]recycle 话题重提[陶]reduced main clauses 弱化了的主句[廖85] reductionist 简化式[陈112]reference 指称[廖395]reference discourse 事实体[廖124]referent 所指对象[陈22 120 182]referential 有所指[廖40][陈119 168]referential identity 指同[廖451]referential opacity 所指不明确性[廖359] referential tracking 指示追踪[廖237]referring expression 指示表达法[吕252]reflexive 反身[吕252]regional official language 区域性官方语言[陶] register 语域,行话[陶]regulative information 调节信息[陶]regulative principle 管制原则[廖373]regularity 规律/规律性[廖394][陈64 182] relational grammar 关系语法[廖316 322] relational hierarchy 关系等级[廖344]relative clauses 关系子句[廖342] 关系小句[吕252] relativize 关系子句化[廖343]relevant 相关[陶]repertoire 交际语库[陶]repetition 重复式[陶]report 报导[廖421]reporting 报道框架[陶]representation 表达[廖401]representation function 表意功能[廖313] resolution 支配[陈42]restricted code 有限语码[陶]restrictive relative clause 限制性关系小句[吕252] resumptive openner 承上启下式[陶]reversal 倒转[陶]reversive 反向关系[廖412]reversives 反向词[廖413]rheme 未知的,陈述[廖357] 述位[陈56 78] rhetoric 修辞[廖357]rhythm 节律[陈78]rituel 礼仪性[陈106]rule 规则[陈64 182]rule-governed 受规则支配[吕252]rule government 规则支配[吕252]rule of rapport 和睦原则[陶]rule ordering 规则编次[吕252]ruling language 统治语言[陶]Ssaliency 显著度,显著性[廖218 328]sample 样本[陶]Sapir-Whorf Hypothysis 萨丕尔－沃尔夫假说[陶]satisfactive 满足关系[廖412]scalar 层第现象[陶]scenario 架构[廖400] 脚本[陈95]scene 情景[陈82]schema 纲要[廖400 436] 语式[陈84]schematic organization 语式组织[陈74]schematic representation 概括表象[廖435]schools of linguistics 语言学的流派[廖305]scope 管界[廖451]script 计划蓝本,剧本,情节[廖376 400 438] 脚本[陈82] 知识框架，知识脚本[陶] second pair part 下联[陶]secondary tense 次级时制[陈173]selectional restriction 选择性限制[廖408]self-contained 自足[陶]self-embedding 自身嵌入[吕252]semantic categories 语义类[吕252]semantic coherence 语义连贯[廖236]semantic component 语义成分[廖417]semantic constant 语义常量[吕252]semantic constituent 语义成分[廖404]semantic constraints 语义约束[吕252]semantic evidence 语义验证[吕252]semantic feature 语义要素[廖417]semantic function 语义功能[吕252]semantic interpretation 语义解释[吕253]semantic memory 语义记忆[廖376]semantic repressentation 语义表达式[廖365] 语义示意[吕252]semantic roles 语义角色[廖332]semantic structure 语义结构[吕253]semantic trait 语义特征[廖404]semi-linguals 半语讲话人[陶]semi-meronym 半部件词[廖407]sense 字义,用义,义素[廖47 357 365 376 405]sense-spectrum 义素连续体[廖406]sentence 句子[廖236 420][陈63][吕253]sentence pattern 句型[吕253]sentence type 句类[吕253]sentential adverb 全句副词[吕253]sentential code-switching 句间转换[陶]sentential complement 句形补语[吕253]separational function 分离功能[吕253]sequence 话串[廖188 420]sequence of words 词语序列[吕253]serial order 序列[吕253]serialization 序列化[吕253]setting and scene 环境和场合[陶]shallow structure 浅层结构[吕253]shift 移位[吕253]show involvement with others 融洽[陶]signals grammar 信号语法[吕253]silence 冷场[陶]simple 简单时[陈173]simple future 简单将来时[陈174]simple past 简单过去时[陈174]simple present 简单现在时[陈174]simplechange 单变[陈163]simplicity 简明性[廖316]situation 情景[陶]situation type 情状类型[陈145]situational 具体语境的[廖399]situational switching 情景性转换[陶]situationality 场合性[廖373]slot-holder 填空成分[吕253]smooth 顺畅[陶]social fact 社会存在/实体[廖307]social interactional activities 社会交流性活动[陶]social order 社会秩序[陶]social variable 社会变项[陶]sociohistorical 社会历史式的[陶]sociolinguistics 社会语言学的[廖235]socialization 社会化的过程[陶]sociolects 社会方言[陶]sociolinguistics 社会语言学[陶]sociological 社会学的[廖235]sociology of language 语言社会学[陶]sociophysical 社会物质[廖423]socio-pragmatics 社会语用学[廖366]solidarity 共聚量[陶]spatial reference point 空间参考点[廖451]speaking on a topic 讲话合题[廖396]specific 特指[廖40] 实指[陈119] 特定性[陈40] speech accomodation theory, SAT言语适应理论[陶]speech activity 言语事件[陶]speech acts 言语行为，言语活动[陶]speech community 语言集团，言语共同体，语言社团[陶] speech-act verb 言行动词[廖363]。
语言学术语英汉对照
语言学术语英汉对照——考@翻译硕士唯一认准@鬼谷一喵第一章phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学general linguistics普通语言学theoretical linguistics理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories句法范畴syntactic classes句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构open syllable开音节closed syllable闭音节checked syllable成阻音节rank 等级level层次ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说yo-he-ho theory劳动喊声说pooh-pooh theory感叹说ta-ta theory模仿说animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派Bilateral opposition双边对立Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立Isolated opposition孤立对立Private opposition表缺对立Graded opposition渐次对立Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speech acts言语行为Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Applied linguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学第二章trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocal cords声带vocal tract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结Voiceless sound清音Voiceless consonant请辅音Voiced sound浊音Voiced consonant浊辅音Glottal stop喉塞音Breath state呼吸状态Voice state带音状态Whisper state耳语状态Closed state封闭状态Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalised stop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段Non-segmental非音段Plurisegmental复音段Synthetic language综合型语言Diacritic mark附加符号Broad transcription宽式标音Narrow transcription窄式标音Orthoepy正音法Orthography正字法Etymology词源Active articulator积极发音器官Movable speech organ能动发音器官Passive articulator消极发音器官Immovable speech organ不能动发音器官Lateral边音Approximant [j,w]无摩擦延续音Resonant共鸣音Central approximant中央无摩擦延续音Lateral approximant边无摩擦延续音Unilateral consonant单边辅音Bilateral consonant双边辅音Non-lateral非边音Trill [r]颤音 trilled consonant颤辅音rolled consonant滚辅音Labal-velar唇化软腭音Interdental齿间音Post-dental后齿音Apico-alveolar舌尖齿龈音Dorso-alveolar舌背齿龈音Palato-alveolar后齿龈音Palato-alveolar腭齿龈音Dorso-palatal舌背腭音Pre-palatal前腭音Post-palatal后腭音Velarization软腭音化Voicing浊音化Devoicing清音化Pure vowel纯元音Diphthong二合元音Triphthong三合元音Diphthongization二合元音化Monophthongization单元音化Centring diphthong央二合元音Closing diphthong闭二合元音Narrow diphthong窄二合元音Wide diphthong宽二合元音Phonetic similarity语音相似性Free variant自由变体Free variation自由变异Contiguous assimilation临近同化Juxtapostional assimilation邻接同化Regressive assimilation逆同化Anticipatory assimilation先行同化Progressive assimilation顺同化Reciprocal assimilation互相同化Coalescent assimilation融合同化Partial assimilation部分同化Epenthesis插音Primary stress主重音Secondary stress次重音Weak stress弱重音Stress group重音群Sentence stress句子重音Contrastive stress对比重音Lexical stress词汇重音Word stress词重音Lexical tone词汇声调Nuclear tone核心声调Tonetics声调学Intonation contour语调升降曲线Tone units声调单位Intonology语调学Multilevel phonology多层次音系学Monosyllabic word多音节词Polysyllabic word单音节次Maximal onset principle最大节首辅音原则第三章词汇liaison连音contracted form缩写形式frequency count词频统计a unit of vocabulary词汇单位a lexical item词条a lexeme词位hierarchy层次性lexicogrammar词汇语法morpheme语素nonomorphemic words单语素词polymorphemic words多语素词relative uninterruptibility相对连续性a minimum free form最小自由形式the maximum free form最大自由形式variable words 可变词invariable words不变词paradigm聚合体grammatical words(function words)语法词/功能词lexical words(content words)词汇词/实义词closed-class words封闭类词opened-class words开放类词word class词类particles小品词pro-form代词形式pro-adjective(so)代形容词pro-verb(do/did)代副词pro-adverb(so)代动词pro-locative(there)代处所词/代方位词determiners限定词predeterminers前置限定词central determiners中置限定词post determiners后置限定词ordinal number序数词cardinal number基数词morpheme词素morphology形态学free morpheme自由词素bound morpheme黏着词素root词根affix词缀stem词干root morpheme词根语素prefix前缀infix中缀suffix后缀bound root morpheme黏着词根词素inflectional affix屈折词缀derivational affix派生词缀inflectional morphemes屈折语素derivational morphemes派生语素word-formation构词compound复合词endocentric compound向心复合词exocentric compound离心复合词nominal endocentric compound名词性向心复合词adjective endocentric compound形容词性向心复合词verbal compound动词性复合词synthetic compound综合性复合词derivation派生词morpheme语素phoneme音位morphonology形态语音学morphophomemics形态音位学morphemic structure语素结构phonological structure音素结构monosyllabic单音节polysyllabic多音节phonological conditioned音位的限制morphological conditioned形态的限制coinage/invention新创词语blending混成法abbreviation缩写法acronym首字母缩写法back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法analogical creation类比构词法borrowing借词法loanword借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loan translation翻译借词loss脱落addition添加metathesis换位assimilation同化contact assimilation接触性同化contiguous assimilation临近性同化theory of least effort省力理论non- contiguous assimilation非临近性同化distant assimilation远距离同化morpho-syntactic change形态-句法变化morphological change形态变化syntactical change句法变化finite element有定成分semantic change语义变化multisemous多种意义broadening词义扩大narrowing词义缩小meaning shift词义转移class shift词性变换folk etymology俗词源orthographic change拼写的变化conversion变换/变码domain范围/领域meaning shift意义转移split infinitives分裂不定式(She was told to regularly classes)calque仿造词语clipping截断法metanalysis再分化finiteness定式proximate(this)近指代词obviative(that)远指代词non-productivity/unproductive非多产性semiotics符号学paradigmatic relations聚合关系associative relations联想关系syntagmatic relations组合关系sequential relations序列关系logogram语标register语域passive vocabulary消极词汇lexis/vocabulary词汇表第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense 时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系the governor支配者the governed被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmatic relationship组合关系paradigmatic relationship聚合关系associative relationship联想关系animate noun有生名词the two axes两根坐标坐标轴immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法linear structure线性结构hierarchical structure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeled tree diagram标签树形图endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exocentric construction离心结构subordinate construction主从结构coordinate construction并列结构recapitulation再现the declarative陈述句the interrogative疑问句dative movement与格移位morph-phonemic rule形态音位规则constituent morphemes成分规则affix hopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporal subject表时间的主语syntactic limitation句法限制standard theory标准理论trace theory语迹理论the same index带同标志government管辖binding约束a rule system规则系统a principle system原则系统constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制plain English普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(each other)相互代词accessible subject可及主语local domain局部语域binding domain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computational system)计算系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位empty subject空主语objective order客观顺序subjective order主观顺序actual sentence division实义句子切分法functional sentence perspective 功能句子观communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartite classification三分法representative function表达功能expressive function表情功能appellative/vocative function称呼功能conative function意欲功能poetic function诗学功能ideational function概念功能interpersonal function人际功能textual function语篇功能transitivity及物性actor动作者mood system语气系统the finite verbal operator限定部分residue剩余部分indicative直陈语气imperative祈使语气mental-process(a process of sensing)心理过程（感觉过程）relational process(a process of being)关系过程（属性过程）verbal process(a process of saying)言语过程（讲话过程）existential process生存过程第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense 时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系the governor支配者the governed被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmatic relationship组合关系paradigmatic relationship聚合关系associative relationship联想关系animate noun有生名词the two axes两根坐标坐标轴immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法linear structure线性结构hierarchical structure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeled tree diagram标签树形图endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exocentric construction离心结构subordinate construction主从结构coordinate construction并列结构recapitulation再现the declarative陈述句the interrogative疑问句dative movement与格移位morph-phonemic rule形态音位规则constituent morphemes成分规则affix hopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporal subject表时间的主语syntactic limitation句法限制standard theory标准理论trace theory语迹理论the same index带同标志government管辖binding约束a rule system规则系统a principle system原则系统constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制plain English普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(each other)相互代词accessible subject可及主语local domain局部语域binding domain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computational system)计算系统=derivational procedure推导系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位empty subject空主语objective order客观顺序subjective order主观顺序actual sentence division实义句子切分法functional sentence perspective 功能句子观communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartite classification三分法representative function表达功能expressive function表情功能。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropologicallinguistics 人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning,CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数（名词）counterfactual proposition反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化（作用）distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背（音）double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法）elliptical sentencestructure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction,EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative （摩）擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high qualitytranslation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentenceperspective, FSP 功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammaticalfunction ; ;grammatical structure语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammaticalorganization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern,GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高（元音）historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phoneticalphabet, IPA 国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置，倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson,OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones,DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言（系统）larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviourpotential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski,Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位（作用）metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中（元音）mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象N narratee被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representationof speech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought, NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization （硬）腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音（法）phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PSrule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word) 多语素词polysyllabic 多音节（词）polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view 后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语（动）词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle of informativeness信息性原则principle of least effort 最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language 编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation 顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition 部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality 心理现实psychological subject 心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structuralistapproach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension 阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation, RP标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function) 控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard theory, REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter 罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-oriented language 面向图式的语言second language acquisition第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretativerules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern,SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教学大纲situational variation 情景变异slot 空缺social role 社会角色social semiotic 社会符号学socio-cultural role 社会文化角色sociolinguistic study of language 语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguistic study ofsociety 社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics 社会语言学sociological approach 社会学方法soft palate 软腭solidarity 团结sonnet 十四行诗sonorant 响音sonority scale 响音阶sound 语音sound image 语音图像sound pattern 语音模式sound segment 音段sound system 语音系统sound wave 音波speaker’s meaning 说话者意义speech 言语speech act theory 言语行为理论speech community 言语社团speech comprehension 言语理解speech event 言语事件speech function 言语功能speech mode 言语方式speech organ 言语器官speech perception 言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ; 言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound 语音speech synthesis 言语合成spelling 拼写,拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language translation口语翻译spondee 扬扬格spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象spread 展元音S-structure 表层结构stability 稳定性stability reliability 稳定性效度Standard English 标准英语standard theory 标准理论standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stored knowledge 储存知识strategic knowledge 学习策略知识stratification 层stream of consciousness 意识流stress pattern 重音模式stress 重音structural analysis 结构分析structural (structuralist) grammar 结构语法structural syllabus 结构教学大纲structural test 结构测试structuralism 结构主义structuralist linguistics 结构主义语言学structuralist view 结构主义观点style 文体风格stylistic analysis 文体分析stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjective test 主观性测试subjectivity 主观性subjunctive mood 虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征surface form 表层形式surface representation 表层表达surface structure 表层结构syllabic structure 音节结构syllabification 音节划节syllable 音节syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus 教学大纲syllogism 三段论法symbol 符号synchronic (linguistics) 共时（语言学）synonym 同义词synonymous 同义的synonymy 同义现象syntactic component 句法部分syntactic features 句法特征syntactic function 句法功能syntactic marker 句法标记syntactic process 句法过程syntactic restriction 句法限制syntactic structure 句法结构syntactical change 变化syntagmatic relation 组合关系syntax 句法system network 系统网络system of signs 符号系统。
(完整版)英汉语言学词汇对照表
附着词
closed world assumption
封闭世界假说
cluster
音群
Cocke-Kasami-Younger algorithm
CKY算法
coda
音节尾
code conversion
代码变换
cognate
同源（的；词）
Cognitive Linguistics
认知语言学
coherence
布尔网格[布尔网格]
borrow
借移
Bottom-up
由下而上
bottom-up parsing
由下而上剖析
bound
附着（的）
bound morpheme
附着语素[黏着语素]
boundary marker
界线标记
boundary symbol
界线符号
bracketing
方括号法
branching
分枝法
中文输入法[汉字编码输入]
choice
选择
Chomsky hierarchy
杭士基阶层[Chomsky层次结构]
citation form
基本形式
CKY algorithm (Cocke-Kasami-Younger)
CKY算法
classifier
类别词
cleft sentence
分裂句
click
啧音
自然语言类神经网络模型[自然语言连接模型]
connotation
隐涵意义
consonant
子音[辅音]
constituent
成分
constituent structure tree
语言学术语表
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Glossary and IndexAabbreviation 缩写词，略语 3.3.1Abercrombie 10.3.2ablative 夺格，离格 4.1.1abstractness 抽象性 1.3.2accent 重音（符）2.4.4；正确性 11.6.4accusative 宾格 4.1.1achievement test 成绩测试 11.6.3acoustic phonetics 声学语音学 1.7.1；acquisition 习得 6.1.2acronym 缩略语 3.3.1action process 动作过程 12.2.3actor 动作者 4.4.2；添加 3.3.2address form 称呼形式 7.2.3addressee 受话人；9.4.1addresser 发话人；9.4.1adjective 形容词 3.1.2；；修饰成分；附加语 12.2.3 adverb 副词 3.1.2affix 词缀 3.2.1affix hopping 词缀跳跃 4.3.1affixation词缀附加法 7.1.4affricate 塞擦音 2.4.3；；一致关系 4.1.3airstream 气流 2alliteration 头韵 9.3.2；词/语素变体 3.2.4；音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体 2.8.3allophony音位变体现象 2.8.3alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音 2.4.4；歧义 4.2.2；；；；歧义的 5.5.2；American descriptive linguistics 美国描写语言学American English 美式英语 10.3.5American Indian languages 美国印第安族诸语言American structuralism 美国结构主义10.3.2；analogical creation 类推造字 3.3.1anapest 抑抑扬格 9.3.3anaphor 前指替代 4.3.3anaphoric reference 前指照应 4.3.2Anderson 6.3.1Animal communication system 动物交际系统；animate 有生命的 4.2.1annotation 注解 10.3.4；先行词；前在词 4.3.2 anthropological 人类学的 12.3.1anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 1.8.3；coarticulation 逆化协同发音 2.6.1antonomasia 换称；代类名 7.1.4antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系) 5.3.2appellative 称谓性4.4.2applied linguistics 应用语言学11applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学7.2.4appropriacy 适宜性11.6.4appropriateness 适宜性；得体性11.2.5approximant 无摩擦延续音2.4.3； Apte 7；7.2.1aptitude test 素质测试11.6.2Arabic 阿拉伯语3.3.1； arbitrariness 任意性1.3.1；12argument 中项；中词；主目4.3.3；冠词3.1.2；； articulation 发音articulator 发音器官 2.4.2； articulatory phonetics 发音语音学1.7.1；artificial speech 人工言语10aspect 体4.1.2aspirated 吐气；送气 2.6.2； assimilation 同化 2.9.1；；；associative 联想 4.2.1associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵；半谐音9.3.2； Atkinson, .attributive 属性；修饰语；定语 4.2.2；auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 1.7.1；Austin, John Langshaw ；8.1.2authentic input 真实投入 11.4.2authorial style 权威风格 9.4.3authoring program 编程 10.1.3autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词 3.1.2； auxiliary verb 助动词 3.1.2；Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段 12.4.1back-formation 逆构词法 3.3.1Bally, CharlesBar-Hillel 10.2.1Barnhart & Barnhart 7.1.4base component 基础部分 4.3.2；。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版(2)(最新整理)
corpus (pl corpora) 语料 素 材 corpus linguistics 语料库语 言学 context 上下文 countable 可数（名词） counterfactual proposition 反事实命题 couplet 对句 对联 creativity 创造性 原创性 Creole 克里澳尔语 混和语
derivational morphology 派生 形态学
descriptive adequacy 描写充 分性
descriptive linguistics 描写 语言学
conversion 变换
D
construction 构建 constructivism 构建主义 content analysis 内容分析
cooperative principle, CP 合 作原则
coordinate construction 并列 结构
dactyl 扬抑抑格 Dani language 达尼语 data retrieval, DR 资料检索
communicative syllabus 交际 教学大纲
composite proposition 复合命 题
compositionality 复合性
compound 复合词 复合句
comprehension 理解
computation 计算
computational linguistics 计 算语言学
cardinal numeral 基数 cardinal vowel 基本元音 case 格 case grammar 格语法 case theory 格理论 category 范畴
cluster 音丛 coarticulation 协同发音 coda 结尾音节 符尾 code 语码 信码 cognitive psychology 认知心 理学 cognitive system 认知系统
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系) appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning,CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数（名词）counterfactual proposition 反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化（作用）distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背（音）double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法）elliptical sentencestructure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative （摩）擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP 功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammaticalfunction ; ;grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高（元音）historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设- 演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet, IPA 国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置，倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones,DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言（系统）larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度M machine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski,Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位（作用）metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中（元音）mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象narratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representationof speech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representatio n of thought, NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus 意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化P palatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization （硬）腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation 重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音（法）phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PS rule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word) 多语素词polysyllabic 多音节（词）polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view 后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语（动）词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle of informativeness 信息性原则principle of least effort 最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language 编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation 顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition 部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolingu istic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality 心理现实psychological subject 心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structuralist approach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension 阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation, RP标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function) 控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard theory, REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter 罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-oriented language 面向图式的语言second language acquisition第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretative rules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern, SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层。
《英语语言学》术语(英汉对照)表
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Glossary and Index(备注：因教材改版，部分章节标注等内容有出入。
) Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语3.3.1Abercrombie 10.3.2ablative 夺格，离格4.1.1abstractness 抽象性1.3.2accent 重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5accuracy 正确性11.6.4accusative 宾格4.1.1achievement test 成绩测试11.6.3acoustic phonetics 声学语音学1.7.1；2.1acquisition 习得6.1.2acronym 缩略语3.3.1action process 动作过程12.2.3actor 动作者4.4.2；12.2.3addition 添加3.3.2address form 称呼形式7.2.3addressee 受话人1.4；9.4.1addresser 发话人1.4；9.4.1adjective 形容词3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2adjunct 修饰成分；附加语12.2.3adverb 副词3.1.2affix 词缀3.2.1affix hopping 词缀跳跃4.3.1affixation词缀附加法7.1.4affricate 塞擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1agreement 一致关系4.1.3airstream 气流2alliteration 头韵9.3.2；9.3.6allomorph 词/语素变体3.2.4；4.3.1allophone 音位变体2.8allophonic variation 音位变体2.8.3allophony音位变体现象2.8.3alveolar ridge 齿龈2.2alveolar 齿龈音2.4.4；2.4.5ambiguity 歧义4.2.2；4.3.1；6.2.3；8.2.2；8.3.2 ambiguous歧义的5.5.2；6.3American descriptive linguistics 美国描写语言学12.3 American English 美式英语10.3.5American Indian languages 美国印第安族诸语言12.3 American structuralism 美国结构主义10.3.2；12.3 analogical creation 类推造字3.3.1anapest 抑抑扬格9.3.3anaphor 前指替代4.3.3anaphoric reference 前指照应4.3.2Anderson 6.3.1Animal communication system 动物交际系统1.2；1.3 animate 有生命的4.2.1annotation 注解10.3.4；10.3.5antecedent 先行词；前在词4.3.2anthropological 人类学的12.3.1anthropological linguistics 人类语言学1.8.3；7.1.1 anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音2.6.1 antonomasia 换称；代类名7.1.4antonym 反义词5.4antonymy 反义(关系) 5.3.2appellative 称谓性4.4.2applied linguistics 应用语言学11applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学7.2.4 appropriacy 适宜性11.6.4appropriateness 适宜性；得体性11.2.5 approximant 无摩擦延续音2.4.3；2.4.5Apte 7；7.2.1aptitude test 素质测试11.6.2Arabic 阿拉伯语3.3.1；4.4.1arbitrariness 任意性1.3.1；12argument 中项；中词；主目4.3.3；5.5.2article 冠词3.1.2；4.1.1；4.2.1articulation 发音2.6articulator 发音器官2.4.2；2.4.3articulatory phonetics 发音语音学1.7.1；2.1 artificial speech 人工言语10aspect 体4.1.2aspirated 吐气；送气2.6.2；2.8.2 assimilation 同化2.9.1；3.2.4；3.3.2；6.2.4 associative 联想4.2.1associative meaning 联想意义5.3 assonance 准压韵；半谐音9.3.2；9.3.6 Atkinson, A.M. 2.1attributive 属性；修饰语；定语4.2.2；12.2.3 auditory phonetics 听觉语音学1.7.1；2.1 Austin, John Langshaw 8.1；8.1.2authentic input 真实投入11.4.2authorial style 权威风格9.4.3authoring program 编程10.1.3autonomy 自主性1.8auxiliary 助词3.1.2；12.4.3auxiliary verb 助动词3.1.2；12.2.3Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段12.4.1back-formation 逆构词法3.3.1Bally, Charles 9.1Bar-Hillel 10.2.1Barnhart & Barnhart 7.1.4base component 基础部分4.3.2；12.4。
[生活]英语语言学术语英汉对照
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英语语言学术语英汉对照[在其他地方发现了这个帖子,特发到这里,以供考中南外院的同学借鉴1. 语言的普遍特征:任意性arbitrariness双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构多产性productivity移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission2。
语言的功能:传达信息功能informative人济功能:interpersonal行事功能erformative表情功能:Emotive寒暄功能:Phatic娱乐功能recreatinal元语言功能 metalingual3. 语言学linguistics:包括六个分支语音学Phonetics音位学 phonology形态学 Morphology句法学 syntax语义学 semantics语用学 pragmatics4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人:Ferdinand de saussure提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一:语言与言语language and parole ,语言之语言系统的整体,言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语5. 语法创始人:Noam Chomsky提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one ofthe unique properties of language:a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain languageb. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.c. we can u se language to refer to something not presentd. we can produce sentences that have never been heard before.2.What is the most important function of language?a. interpersonalb. phaticc. informatived.metallingual3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __a informativeb. phaticc. directived. performative4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __a saussureb. hallidayc. chomskyd. the prague school5. Who put forward the distinction between language and parole?a. saussureb. chomskyc. hallidayd anomymous第二节语音学1.发音器官由声带the vocal cords和三个回声腔组成2.辅音consonant:there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocaltract.3.辅音的发音方式爆破音 complete obstruction鼻音 nasals破裂音 plosives部分阻塞辅音 partial obstruction擦音 fricatives破擦音 affricates等4.辅音清浊特征voicing辅音的送气特征 aspiration5.元音vowel分类标准舌翘位置,舌高和嘴唇的形状6双元音 diphthongs,有元音过渡 vowel glides1. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies __.a. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechb. the perception of soundsc. the combination of soundsd. the production of sounds2. The distinction between vowel s and consonants lies in __a. the place of articulationb.the obstruction f airstreamc. the position of the tongued. the shape of the lips3. What is the common factor of the three sounds: p, k ta. voicelessb. spreadc.voicedd.nasal4. What phonetic feature distinguish the p in please and the p in speak?a. voicingb. aspirationc.roundnessd. nasality5.Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?a. voicingb.nasalc. approximationd. aspiration6.The phonological features of the consonant k are __a. voiced stopb. voiceless stopc. voiced fricatived. voiceless fricative7.p is divverent from k in __a. the manner of articulationb. the shape of the lipsc. the vibration of the vocal cordsd.the palce of articualtion8.Vibration of the vocal cords results in __a. aspirationb.nasalityc. obstructiond. voicing第三节音位学 phonology1.音位学与语音学的区别:语音学着重于语音的自然属性,主要关注所有语言中人可能发出的所有声音;音位学则强调语音的社会功能,其对象是某一种语言中可以用来组合成词句的那些语音。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对airstream 气流app ellative称谓性照）表alliteration 头韵app lied linguistics言学应用语abbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic p honetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym缩略语action p rocess 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation 词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音allom orphall op hone词/语素变体音位变体all op honic variation变体allo phony 音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation字ana pest 抑抑扬格anaphor前指替代音位类推造ana phoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthro po logicallinguistics 人类语言学antic ip atorycoarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym反义词antonymy 反义（关系）app lied sociolinguistics应用社会语言学approp riacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性app roximant 无摩擦延续音ap titude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulationarticulatorarticulatory语音学发音发音器官P honetics 发音artificial sp eechaspect 体aspi ratedassimilationassociative人工言语吐气送气同化联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语binding theory 制约论categorical component 范畴成定语分blade 舌叶舌面前部auditory p honetics 听觉语音causative 使役的使投动词学blank verse 无韵诗center 中心词混成法authentic input 真实投入blendingcentral determiner 中心限定authorial style 权威风格borrowing 借用借词词authoring p rogram 1 编程bound morp heme 粘着语素chain relation 链状关系autonomy 自主性bounding theory 管辖论chain system 链状系统au xil iary 助词bracketing 括号法choice 选择auxiliary verb 助动词brevity maxim 简洁准则choice system 选择系统B bridging 架接circumstance 环境因子babbling stage 婴儿语阶段broad transcri ption 宽式音标class 词类back-formation 逆构词法broadening 词义扩大class shift 词性变换base compo nent 基础部分Brown corpus 布朗语料库clause 小句从句behavioural process 行为过程 C click 吸气音咂音behaviourism 行为主义calculability 可计算性cli pping 截断法bilabial 双唇音calque仿造仿造词语closed class 圭寸闭类bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音cancellability 可删除closed syllable 闭音节bilateral opp osition 双边对cardinal numeral 基数cluster 音丛立cardinal vowel 基本元音coarticulation 协同发音bilingualism 双语现象case 格coda结尾音节符尾binary division 二分法case grammar 格语法code语码信码binary feature 二分特征case theory 格理论cognitive p sychology 认知心理学binary taxonomy 二分分类学category 范畴binding 制约cognitive system 认知系统cohere nee 相关 关联 competenee 能力 computer networks 计算机网络compiementary antonym 互补反义词comp uter-assisted instruction, CAI计算机辅助communicative dynamism, CD交际性动力compound 复合词复合句comp rehension 理解communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲comp utational system计算系constant opposition不变对立cohension 衔接compiement 补语 comp uter system 计算机系统colligation 类连结教学collocative meaning 搭配意义compi ementary antonymy 互补反义关系color word 色彩词 compi ementary distribution互补分布comp uter-assisted learning,CALL计算机辅助语言学习color word system 色彩词系统 conative 意动的command 指令 common core 共核 common noun 普通名词 communication 交际 communicative comp etence 际能力complex p redicate复合谓语component 成分compo nential analysis 成分分composite proposition复合命 题comp ositionality复合性concept 概念conce ptual meaning概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun具体名词concurrent 同时发生的communicative Sentence P attern, CSP交际性句子模式comp utationallinguistics算语言学 conjunction连接词conjunction词支撑buttressing 连接communicative test 交际性测 comp uter-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习consequent跟随成分consonance辅音韵communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法comp uter corpus 计算机语料库consonant 辅音comp uter hardware 计算机硬件comp arative degree比较级comp uter能力literacy计算机操作constative 表述的co-h yponym同下义词 conjugation词形变化comp utation 计算conjunct连接副词connotation内涵 compact disk 激光盘constituent command 成分指令conventional meaning义规约意义常规意creativity 创造性原创性constituent prop osition 成分Creole克里澳尔语混和语命题conventionality 常规性性〔规约cross-cultural communicationconstituent structure 跨文化交际analysis 成分结构分析conversational i mp licature会话含义cross-linguistic 跨语言的constituent 成分conversational maxim 会话准culturally-s pecific 文化特con struct 编制则异的construct validity 编制效度converse antonymy 相反反义curriculum 教学大纲现象construction 构建conversion 变换customizing 定制的constructivism 构建主义coop erative p rinc iple, CP 合Dcontent analysis 内容分析作原则dactyl 扬抑抑格content validity 内容效度coordinate construction 并列Dani language 达尼语结构content word 实义词coordination 并歹data retrieval, DR 资料检索context dep endent 语境依赖的coreferential 互参的database 数据库context of situation 情景语dative (case) 与格境coronal 舌面前音dative movement 与格移动context 语境corpus data 语料库语料declarative 陈述句contextual analyses 语境分析corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材decoding 解码contextual meaning 语境意义corpus linguistics 语料库语deductive 演绎的contrastive analysis 对比分析言学dee p structure 深层结构context 上下文control theory 控制理论countable 可数（名词）defeasibility 消除可行性controlled language 有控制的语言counterfactual prop ositiondefinite 有定的反事实命题degenerate data 无用的语料convention 常规规约couplet 对句对联deixis 指称delicacydenotation 夕卜延指称diphthong 二合元音双元音double comp arative 双重比较dental 齿音direct object 直接宾语drill-and-p ractice software dentalization 齿音化direct sp eech, DS 直接言语操练软件derivation 彳衍生direct thought, DT 直接思想D-structure D 结构derivational affix 彳衍生词汇directionality 方向性dual双数derivational morphology 派生discourse 语篇话语dualistic view 二分观点形态学duality 二重性descri ptive adequacy 描写充discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析E分性discourse inter pretation 语early Modern English 早期现descri ptive linguistics 描写篇理解代英语语言学discrete 分离的离散的economy经济性简洁性design feature 结构特征discrete-po int grammar 离散ejective 爆发音determiner 限定词语法devel oping grammar 发展语法discrete po int test 分立性测electronic mail 电子邮件试Elizabethan English 伊利莎白deviant 变体时期英语deviation 偏离变异disjunction 分离关系elli psis 省略（法）devoicing 清音化dis pl acement 移位elli ptical sentence dissimilation 异化（作用）structure 省略句子结构diachronic linguistics 历时语言学distinctive feature 区另U性特embedded element 嵌入成分diachronic 历时的征emic位学的diacritic 附加符号变音符distinguisher 辩义成分emotive 感情的diagnostic test 诊断性测试do-insertion rule do 添加规则emp irical 经验主义的dialect 方言domain范围领域emp irical data 经验主义的语dialectology 方言学dorsal 舌背音舌中音料digitized sound 数字化语音dorsum 舌背（音）emp irical validity 经验效度emp iricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴exchange structure 交际结构external evaluation 夕卜部评估enabling skills 使成技能化exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的external qualifier语外部修饰encoding 编码existent 存在物extrinsic sources of error 夕卜end rhyme 末端韵existential 存在句在的错误来源endocentric construction existential p rocess 存在过程eye movement眼部移动向结构entailment 蕴涵existential quantifier数量词存在face validity 卷面效度entry condition 入列条件exocentric 外向的facilitation 便利促epenthesis 插音增音exocentric construction 外向结构equip ollent opp osition 对立均等Fasoldexp eriential 经验的feasibility 可行性equivalence 相等exp eriential function能经验功feature 特征equivalence reliability 信度相等exp erimental feedback 反馈error analysis 错误分析p sycholinguistics 实验心理语言学felicity condition件恰当条件适宜性条EST科技英语expl anatory adequacy 解释充分性feminine 阴性ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnogra phy of exp licit grammar instruction,EGI明显的语法教学法fiction 小说communication 交际民族学etic非位的素的exp ression minimization最底程度表达figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言event p rocess 事件过程exp ressive 表达的figures of sp eech 修辞手段修辞格exa mpl e-based machine translation 基于例句的机器extended standard theory, EST finite element有定成分翻译exchange error 交换错误扩展标准理论extensive 弓丨申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar态语法有限状exchange sequence 交际序列条件格式first -p erson narrator 第一人free indirect thought, FIT 自fusion 溶合称叙述者由间接思想fuzzy模糊的Firthian p honology 弗斯音系free morpheme 自由语学素Gflap 闪音free root morp heme 自由词根gender difference 性另U差异语素flexibility 灵活性变通general linguistics 普通语言性free variant 自由变体学floppy disk 软盘free verse 自由韵文generalisation 概括focus 焦点中心French 法generative grammar 生成语法语folk etymology俗词源学民间generative semantics 生成语词源frequency effect 频率效言学应foregrounded features 突出特genitive属格所有格征fricative (摩)擦genre体裁语类foregrounding 突出前景friction 摩擦fully automatic high qualityform 形式translation, FAHQT 全自动高global task整体任务formal difference 形式差质量翻译glottal 喉音异function word 功能词glottal sto p 喉塞音formalizati on 形式化function 功能goal目标formati on 形成functional grammar 法功能语government theory 支配理论formative 构形成分构词成分functional linguistics语言学功能government 支配free form 自由形式functional sentencepersp ective, FSP 功能句子观grammatical analysis 语法分free indirect sp eech, FIS 自析由间接言语functions of language能语言功grammaticalfunction ;;German德语foreign language teaching 语教学front 舌面前舌前的given (information)息已给信Hopi Hopi 语能计算机辅助语言学习义关系统horizontal relation链状关系gradual opp osition渐次对 grammatical word 语法立 词Horn scale 霍恩阶grammatical category语法范graphitic form文字形式human cognitive system人类畴Gricean maxim Grice 准认知系统grammatical conce pt 语法概则 human language 人类语念group 词组言grammatical descri ption语法human speech 人类言语描写guttural 腭音human translation人grammatical form 语法形H译式half-rhyme 半韵hyp ercorrection矫枉过grammatical marker 语法标正记hard p alate 硬腭hyponym 下义词grammatical meaning 语法意 head 中心词 中心成分义headed construction中心结hyponymy 下义关系grammatical organization 语构hypo thesis假设法组成hep tameter 七音步诗行hypo thesis-deduction假设-grammatical p attern语法类演绎型hierarchical structure等级结构Igrammatical p rocess 语法过程hierarchical system等级系iamb 抑扬格统grammatical rule语法规iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音则hierarchy等级体系 步诗行grammatical sentence p attern, high 高（元音）IC analysis 直接成分分析GSP 语法句形historical linguistics历史法grammatical structure 语法结语言学ICALL (intelligent CALL)智gradable antonymy 分等级的反grammatical systemgrammatical structure结构 语法grammatical subject语语法主 homonym 同音/形异议词语法系holop hrastic stage单词句阶段ideational (function) 概念功imp lied meaning 蕴涵意义inflectional morphology 屈折形态学identifying 认同的imp losive 内破裂音:音内爆inflective endings尾屈折结idiom 成语习语inanimate 无生命的information retrieval 信息检idiomatically-governed 支配的习语inclusiveness relation意义ill-formed sentences 不合适indefinite 不定的, 无定内包information structure 信息结的句子illocutionary act 话中行为indicative 陈述式陈述语informative (function)功能信息施为性行为innateness 先天性illocutionary force 言外作用indirect object 间接宾施为作用innateness hypo thesis天赋假设（语法）imaginative (function) 想象indirct sp eech, IS 间接言功能input 输入immediacy assu mp tion 定即时假indirect thought, IT想心、间接思input hypo thesis 语言输入说immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析Indo-European languages 印欧语言instrumental (function) 工具功能inference 推论推imp erative rule 祈使规则integrative test试综合性测inference drawing 推论intensifier 强调成分imp erative 的祈使语气命令inferential communication intensive 强调的增强imp licate 意含imp lication 蕴涵含imp lication connective 连接蕴涵论交际infinitive不定式interactional (function)互功能infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）interdental 齿间音in terface 界面implicature 含义言外之意inflectional affix 屈折词in terfere nee 干扰interjection 感叹invariable word 不变词Kuno, Susumo词invention 新创词语Linterlanguage 中介语inversion 倒置，倒装label 标示标记interlingua 国际语IPA chart 国际音标图labial 唇音interlingual app roach 语际IPS symbol国际音标符号labiodental 唇齿法:音irony 讽刺反话interlocutor 会话者language 语isolated opp osition 孤立对言internal evaluation 内部评立估language acquisition device,Italian 意大利语LAD语言习得机制internal structure 内部结构J language attitude语言态度international p honeticJapanese 日语alphabet, I PA 国际音language choice 语言选择标jargon 黑话行语language comp rehension 语言internet 互联网Jes person, Otto理解inter personal 人际Johnson & Johnson language data 语言素材句kernel sentence 核心句理intonation 语调keyword关键词language structure 语言结intra-linguistic relation 语knowledge 知识构言内关系known information 已知信language system统语言系intransitive 不及物的息intrinsic sources of error 错Krashenlanguage teaching学语言教误的内源Kruszewski, Mikolaj language p rocessinginterrogative sentence Johnsoninter personal function 功能人际Jones,Danielinter pretation 解释language learning 语言学习language maintenance护语言维语言处疑问language universal 语言普遍性lexical studies 词汇研究linguistic determinism 语言决定论language use 语言使lexical word 词汇词linguistic facts 语言事用lexicogrammar 词汇语实langue语言（系法linguistic relativity 语言相统）lexicon 词汇词对性larynx 喉头典linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视lateral 边音旁流音lexis 词linguistic structure 语言结Latin 拉丁语liaison 连音连续构limerick 打油诗linguistic theory 语言理论Latin grammar 拉丁语line诗行法linguistic unit 语言单linear p honology 线性音系位lax vowel 松元音学linguistic universal 语言普length 长度音linear structure 线形结遍性长构linguistic variation 语言变letter 字母linguistic university语言普遍性异level 层，级，平面linguistics 语言linguistic behaviour 语言行学Levinson, Step hen 为lip rounding 圆唇化lexeme 词位词素linguistic behaviourpo tential 语言行为潜势literal language 本义语lexical ambiguity 词汇歧言义linguistic competence 语言能力literary stylistics 文学文体lexical change 词汇变化linguistic context 语言语境学lexical level 词汇层上下文loan translation 翻译借词lexical meaning 词汇意linguistic data 语言素loanblend 混合借词义材loanshift 转移借词lexical morp hology 词汇形态linguistic descri ption 语言学描写loa nword 借词local area networks, LAN machine translation 机器翻域网meaning po tential 意义潜势locutionary act 述性言语行为发话行为，表macrolinguistics学宏观语言meaning shift 转移meaning 意logical compo nent 分逻辑成macro prop osition题宏观命logical connective 词逻辑连macrostructure 宏观结构mental （p rocesss）思维过程心理过程main clause 主句logical form compo nent 逻辑式成分mentalism 心灵主义Malinowski,Bronislaw message 信息logical form rep resentation逻辑式表达metafunction 元功logical formula 逻辑公式man-machine symbiosis 人机共metalinguistic 元语言logical function能逻辑功manner maxim方式准贝Umanner of articulation 发音metaphor 隐喻logical semantics 逻辑语义方式metathesis 换位（作用）logical structure 逻辑结logical subject 逻辑主语logop horicity 词照应London School 伦敦学long vowed 长元loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度marked标记masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (p rocess) 物质过程mathematical p rinc iples原理maxim准则maximal onset p rinc iple节首辅音原数学最大metonymy换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical p atterning式microco mpu ter 微机韵律格microp rocessor 微处理器mid中（元音）mind思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist p rogram morphemic structure 词素结multilingualism 多语制多语构现象minimum free form 最小自由形式morp hemic transcri ption 词素标音Nmirror maxim 镜像准则morp hological change 形态变narratee 被叙述者mistake 错误化narrator 叙述者modal subject 语气主语morp hological rule 形态规narrator ' s representation则of sp eech acts, NRSA 言语行modal verb 情态动词morphology 形态为的叙述者表达modality 情态学narrator ' s representation of speech, NRS 言语的叙述者modern French 现代法语morpho-phonemic component 形表达modification 修态音位成分narrator ' s representation饰morphophonemics 形态音位of thought acts, NRTA 思维行modifier 修饰语学为的叙述者表达monomorp hemic 单语素的morphophonology 形态音系学narrator ' s representation ofthought, NRT 思维的叙述者monop honemic单音位的morpho-syntactical change 形表达monop hthong 单元音态句法变化narrow transcri ption 窄式音标monosyllabic 单音节的mother tongue 母语本族语narrowing 狭窄化Motague grammar 蒙太古语motivation 动因动nasal 鼻音法机nasal cavity 鼻腔mood语气move （移动）nasal sound 鼻音morph形素词素形式MT机器翻译nasal stop 鼻塞音morpheme语素词素形素MT quality 机译质量nasal tract 鼻道multilateral oppo sition 多边nasality 鼻音性morp heme-exchange error 词素对立nasalization 鼻音化交错误multi-level phonology 多层次morphemic shape 词素形状音系学Nash, Walternative sp eaker 者操本族语nominative 主格noun P hrase 名词短语non-authentic input 非真实语natural language言自然语料的输入noun 名naturalistic data 自然语non-contrastive analysis对比性分析number system 数字系统non-conventionality 非规约near-adult grammar法近成人语number数字negation 构否定否定结non-detachability性非可分离object 宾语negative 否定的non-linear p honology音系学非线性object-deletion略宾语省negative 扰interference 负面干non-linguistic entity 非语言实体objective case 宾格negative marker 否定标记non-pulm onic sound 非肺闭塞objectivity客观性negative transfer 负转non-rec ip rocal discourse obligatory 强制性交替性语篇observational adequacy 观察neogrammarian 新语法学家non-reflexive pronoun 非反身充分性代词network 网络abstruction 阻塞network compu ter 网络计算机nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描仪nonverbal cues 非言语提neutralizable opp osition中立对立octametre 八音步诗行new information 新信息norm规范Old English古英语notation system 标写系one-pl ace p redicate一位谓new stylistics学新文体node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化notion 意念on-line translation在线翻notional-functional意念功能教学大纲syllabusonomatopoeia 拟声onset节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节palatal 腭音舌面中:音p alatal-alveolar 腭齿龈pause停顿p eak (节)峰perceptual span 感知时距op erational system 操作系palatalization (硬)腭化p erfectionism 完善主义统paradigm 聚合体p erfective 完成体op erative 可操作性p aradigmatic relation 聚合关p erformance test 语言运用测op erator 操作词系试opp ositeness relation 对立关p erformance 语言运系paraphrase 释义意用opp osition 对立译p arole 言语p erformative (verb)行事性动op timal relevance 最适宜关词联part of sp eech 词类p erlocutionary act 话后行op tion 选择为op tional 可选择的p artic ip ant 参与者p erseverative coarticulationoral cavity 口腔particle 小品词语助重复性协同发音词person 人称oral stop 口阻塞音p articular grammar 特定语的personal (function) 自指性功ordinal numeral 序数词语法能origin of language 语言起partitive 部分的部分pharyngeal 咽头音喉音源格orthogra phy 正字法p assive transformation 被动pharynx 喉头转换p hatic (communion)寒暄交谈ostensive communication 直示交感性谈交际p assive (voice) 被动语话out put 产出态phone音素音子overgeneralization 过分法贝U p attern drill technique 句型操练法P honematic unit 音声单化位p attern 模式p atterning 制定模式p honeme 音位phonology 音系学po lysyllabic 多音节(词)p hrasal verb 短语动po lysystemic analysis 多系统p honetic alp habet 音标词分析p honetic form compo nent 语音phrase 短语P ortugese葡萄牙语形式部分p hrase structure 短语结p ositive transfer 正移phonetic similarity 语音相似构转性p hrase structure grammar 短possessive 所有的属有phonetic symbol 语音符号语结构语法的p honetic transcri ption 标音p hrase structure rule, PS p ossible grammar 可能语言的(法) rule短语结构规语法p honetics 语音则p ostalveolar 后齿龈学pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯p honological analysis 音位分正外语p ost-Bloomfieldian析Pitch 音高声调高低linguistics 后布龙菲尔德语p honological compo nent 音位pl ace of articulation 发音部言学部分位p ostdeterminer 后限定p honological level 音系play剧本词层post-structuralist view 后纟吉p losion 爆破构主义观点p honological p rocess 音位过程plosive 爆破音爆发音p ragmatic inference 语用推p honological rep resentation p lural 复数论音位表达p ragmatic roles 语用角p luralism 多元主义色p honological rule 音位规则plurality复数形式p ragmatics 语用学p honological structure 音位p oetic (function) 诗学功P rague School 布拉格学结构能派p honological system 音位系poetry 诗歌p redeterminer 前限定词统polymorp hemic (word) 多语素p redicate calculus 谓语演p honological variant 音位变词算Q-p rinci pie质量原则p re-editing预先编辑译前力n立表缺对立 P rose style 散文风格工Process 过程P rosodic analysis节律分析 prefix 前缀P roduction error产生性错超音质分析pre-modified input 预修正的误 P sycholinguistics心理语言输入P roductivity多产学p remodifier前修饰语性P sycholinguistic-sociolingu istic approach 心理-社会语言prep osition 介词P roficiency test水平测 试学方法prep ositional calculus介词P sychologicalreality 心理现演算Pro-form代词形式替代形实式prep ositional logic介词逻P sychologicalsubject 心理主辑P rogramming language编程语语言prep ositional opp osition介P sychology of language语言词对立P rogressive进行体 心理学prep ositional p hrase介词短P rogressive assimilation顺P sychometric-structuralist 语同化approach 心理测定-结构主义法p rescri ptive规定P rojectionrule投射规贝 U式prono minal 代词pulm onic sound肺闭塞音presupp osition前提 预设pronoun 代Putonghua 普通话p rimary cardinal vowel主要 词Q基本兀音pron unciation 发Q-based imp licature 基于质量primary stress 主重音第一重:音的含义p rivative opp osition P redicate logic谓语逻辑p rinc iple of informativeness信息性原则pron unciation dictionary 音词典p redicate 语princi pie of least effort 省力原则pron unciation 发音P redicator谓语 （动）词prop ortionaloppo sition部分p redictive validity 度预测效p rinc iple of quantity 则数量原对立 prop osition命题表非对quality 质量recall 回忆received pron unciation, RP标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应relation maxim 关系准则relational opp osite立relational p rocess程关系对关系过quality maxim 质量准recognition 识另U relative clause 关系分句关则recurs ion 可溯系从句quantifier 数量词relative pronoun 关系代recursive 可溯的还原词quantitative analysis 定量分的析relative uninterr up tibilityrecursiveness 递归性相对的非间断性quantitative p aradigm 化表数量变reference 所指参照relevance theory 关联理论quantity maxim 数量准referential meaning 所指意则义reliability 信度quatrain 四行referen tial theory 所指理诗论rep etition 重复R referential 所指的rep resentational system 表达range范围reflected meaning 反映意系统义rep resentational 表达实rank 级reflexive (form) 反身形体rationalism 理性主义式residue 剩余成分raw data 原始素材regional dialect 地域方restricted language 限制性语言言R-based im plicature 基于关联的涵义register语域retrieval p rocess 检索过程reader 读者regressive assimilation 逆同化retrieval system 检索系reading comprehension 解阅读理regulatory (function) 控制性统语言功能retroflex sound 卷舌音realisation 体现reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard scheme-oriented language 面semantics 语义学theory, REST 修正扩展标准理向图式的语言论second language acquisitionsemi-consonant 半辅音rewriting rules 重写规贝U 第二语言习得semiotic system符号系统rheme述位secondary cardinal vowel次要基本元音semiotics 符号学rhetorical skill 修辞技能secondary stress 次重音semi-vowel 半元音rhyme 韵韵角压韵segment 音段sense relation 意义关系rhythm韵律节奏selection restriction 选择限sense意义Roman alp habet letter 罗马字制sentence句子母selectional rules 选择规sentence fragments 句子成分root 词根则sentence meaning 句义root morpheme 词根语素self-reflexive 自反身sentence memory 句子记忆round vowel 圆元音semantic association network语义关联网络sentence stress 句重音R-p rinci pie 关联原则semantic change 语义变化sentence structure 句子结构rule system 规则系统semantic compo nent 语义部sentential calculus 句子演算rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法分setting 场景rules of language 语言规贝U sema ntic feature 特征sibilant 咝擦音S semantic interpretation 语义解释sign 符号sameness relation 相同关系semantic inter pretativesignified 所指受指Sanskrit 梵文rules语义解释规则signifier 能指施指Sap ir-Whorf Hyp othesis 萨丕semantic p rocess 语义过程simile 明喻尔-沃夫假设semantic representation 语义表达simultaneity 同时性Saussure 索绪尔semantic sentence p attern,singular 单数scale of delicacy 精密阶SSP语义句型situational context 情景语境schema图式semantic triangle 语义三角situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教sound system 语音系统sp oken language translation学大纲口语翻译sound wave 音波situational variation 情景变spondee扬扬格异speaker' s meaning 说话者意义spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象slot 空缺speech言语spread 展元音social role 社会角色sp eech act theory 言语行为理social semiotic 社会符号学论S-structure 表层结构socio-cultural role 社会文化sp eech community 言语社团stability 稳定性角色sp eech comp rehension 言语理stability reliability 稳定性解效度sociolinguistic study oflanguage语言的社会语言学研言语事件Standard English 标准英语究sp eech eventsociolinguistic study ofsp eech function 言语功能standard theory 标准理论society 社会的社会语言学研言语方式standardization 标准化究speech mode统计分sociolinguistics 社会语言学sp eech organ 言语器官statistical analysis析sociological approach 社会学sp eech p erce ption 言语感知status 地位方法sp eech p resentation 言语表达stem词干soft p alate 软腭sp eech p roduction ; 言语产生stimulus 刺激solidarity 团结sp eech research 言语研究stimulus-res po nse 朿Q激反应sonnet 十四行诗sp eech role 言语角色stop 闭塞音sonorant 响音sp eech sound 语音stored knowledge 储存知识sonority scale 响音阶sp eech synthesis 言语合成sound语音strategic knowledge 学习策略spelling 拼写,拼法知识sound image 语音图像sp lit infinitives 分裂的不定stratification 层式sound p attern 语音模式stream of consciousness 意识sound segment 音段sp oken corpus 口语语料库流stress p attern 重音模式substitution 替换syntactic marker 句法标记stress 重音suffix 后缀syntactic p rocess 句法过程structural analysis 结构分析sup erlative degree 最高级syntactic restriction 句法限制上坐标词structural (structuralist) sup erordinategrammar结构语法syntactic structure 句法结构sup rasegmental feature 超语structural syllabus 结构教学段特征syntactical change 变化大纲surface form 表层形式syntagmatic relation 组合关structural test 结构测试系surface rep resentation 表层structuralism 结构主义表达syntax 句法structuralist linguistics 纟吉surface structure 表层结构system network 系统网络构主义语言学syllabic structure 音节结构system of signs 符号系统structuralist view 结构主义观点syllabification 音节划节system of systems 系统的系统style 文体风格syllable 音节systemic(grammar) 系统语法stylistic analysis 文体分析syllabus design 教学大纲设systemic-functional Grammar,计SFG系统功能语法stylistics 文体学syllabus 教学大纲subcategorize 次范畴syllogism 三段论法Tsubject 主语symbol符号tacit knowledge 默契的知识subject-deletion 主语省略synchronic (linguistics) 共tagmeme 法位subjective test 主观性测试时（语言学）tagmemics法位学subjectivity 主观性synonym同义词tap —次接触音subjunctive mood 虚拟语气synonymous 同义的target language 目标语言subordinate construction 从synonymy同义现象属结构tautology 同义反复冗辞syntactic compo nent 句法部分模块subordination 从属temp latesyntactic features 句法特征紧元音substitutability 替代性tense vowelsyntactic function 句法功能tense 时态tongue height 舌高trochee抑扬格长短格test content 测试内容tongue p osition 舌位trope转喻隐喻test form 测试形式tongue ti p 舌尖truth condition 真值条件testee 受试者top ic 主题truth value 真值testing 测试trace theory 轨迹论tu/vous distinction 你/ 您区别test-retest reliability 一测traditional grammar 传统语法再测信度transcribed 标音turn length 话语轮次长度tetrameter 四音步诗行transcription 音标标音turn quantity 话语轮次数量text 语篇transfer 移转turn-taking 依次发言text comp rehension 语篇理解transfer app roach 移转法two-pl ace p redicate 二位谓语text encoding 语篇编码transformation 转换two-word utterance 二词话语text interpretation 语篇解释transformation oftyp ology 类型学text style 语篇风格interrogation 疑问转换Utextual organization 语篇组transformational compo nent Unas pirated 不松气的织转换部分、transformationaltextual 语篇功能grammar转换语法underlying form底层形式transformational p rocess 转underlying rep resentation底theme主位换过程层表达theoretical linguistics 理论transformational rule 转换规uninterru ptibility 非中断性语言学则universal grammar, UG 普遍语third-p erson narrator 第三人transformational-generative 法称叙述者grammar, TG grammar 转换生成语法universal quantifier 普遍限thought p resentation 思想表量词达transitivity 及物性universal 普遍现象three-pl ace p redicate 三位谓translation 翻译语tree diagram 树形图universality 普遍性tone 声调音调universals of language 语言trill 颤音的普遍现象。
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语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Glossary and Index(备注：因教材改版，部分章节标注等内容有出入。
) Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语3.3.1Abercrombie 10.3.2ablative 夺格，离格4.1.1abstractness 抽象性1.3.2accent 重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5accuracy 正确性11.6.4accusative 宾格4.1.1achievement test 成绩测试11.6.3acoustic phonetics 声学语音学1.7.1；2.1acquisition 习得6.1.2acronym 缩略语3.3.1action process 动作过程12.2.3actor 动作者4.4.2；12.2.3addition 添加3.3.2address form 称呼形式7.2.3addressee 受话人1.4；9.4.1addresser 发话人1.4；9.4.1adjective 形容词3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2adjunct 修饰成分；附加语12.2.3adverb 副词3.1.2affix 词缀3.2.1affix hopping 词缀跳跃4.3.1affixation词缀附加法7.1.4affricate 塞擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1agreement 一致关系4.1.3airstream 气流2alliteration 头韵9.3.2；9.3.6allomorph 词/语素变体3.2.4；4.3.1allophone 音位变体2.8allophonic variation 音位变体2.8.3allophony音位变体现象2.8.3alveolar ridge 齿龈2.2alveolar 齿龈音2.4.4；2.4.5ambiguity 歧义4.2.2；4.3.1；6.2.3；8.2.2；8.3.2 ambiguous歧义的5.5.2；6.3American descriptive linguistics 美国描写语言学12.3 American English 美式英语10.3.5American Indian languages 美国印第安族诸语言12.3 American structuralism 美国结构主义10.3.2；12.3 analogical creation 类推造字3.3.1anapest 抑抑扬格9.3.3anaphor 前指替代4.3.3anaphoric reference 前指照应4.3.2Anderson 6.3.1Animal communication system 动物交际系统1.2；1.3 animate 有生命的4.2.1annotation 注解10.3.4；10.3.5antecedent 先行词；前在词4.3.2anthropological 人类学的12.3.1anthropological linguistics 人类语言学1.8.3；7.1.1 anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音2.6.1 antonomasia 换称；代类名7.1.4antonym 反义词5.4antonymy 反义(关系) 5.3.2appellative 称谓性4.4.2applied linguistics 应用语言学11applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学7.2.4 appropriacy 适宜性11.6.4appropriateness 适宜性；得体性11.2.5 approximant 无摩擦延续音2.4.3；2.4.5Apte 7；7.2.1aptitude test 素质测试11.6.2Arabic 阿拉伯语3.3.1；4.4.1arbitrariness 任意性1.3.1；12argument 中项；中词；主目4.3.3；5.5.2article 冠词3.1.2；4.1.1；4.2.1articulation 发音2.6articulator 发音器官2.4.2；2.4.3articulatory phonetics 发音语音学1.7.1；2.1 artificial speech 人工言语10aspect 体4.1.2aspirated 吐气；送气2.6.2；2.8.2 assimilation 同化2.9.1；3.2.4；3.3.2；6.2.4 associative 联想4.2.1associative meaning 联想意义5.3 assonance 准压韵；半谐音9.3.2；9.3.6 Atkinson, A.M. 2.1attributive 属性；修饰语；定语4.2.2；12.2.3 auditory phonetics 听觉语音学1.7.1；2.1 Austin, John Langshaw 8.1；8.1.2authentic input 真实投入11.4.2authorial style 权威风格9.4.3authoring program 编程10.1.3autonomy 自主性1.8auxiliary 助词3.1.2；12.4.3auxiliary verb 助动词3.1.2；12.2.3Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段12.4.1back-formation 逆构词法3.3.1Bally, Charles 9.1Bar-Hillel 10.2.1Barnhart & Barnhart 7.1.4base component 基础部分4.3.2；12.4。
4 Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan 2.8.2behaver 行为者12.2.3behavioural process 行为过程12.2.3 behaviourism 行为主义12.3.2；12.4.1Bell, A.M. 2.5.Bennette, James 9.1Bereiter 6.4.2Berlin,Brent 7.1.2Berns 7.2.4Biber, et al 10.3.3bilabial 双唇音2.4.4；2.4.5bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音2.4.5bilateral opposition 双边对立12.1.2bilingualism 双语现象7.2.3binary division 二分法4.2.2binary feature 二分特征2.10binary taxonomy 二分分类学5.4binding 制约4.3.3；8.3.3；12.4.6binding theory 制约论4.3.3；12.4.6Black English 黑人英语1.1blade 舌叶；舌面前部2.4.4blank verse 无韵诗9.3.4blending 混成法3.3.1Bloch 12.3.2Bloom 7.1.3Bloomfield, L. 2.8.2; 3.1.2; 4.2.2; 12.3.2; 12.3.3; 12.4.2 Boas, Franz 2.8.2；7.1.1；12.3.1Bolinger 1.3.2Bolto 7.2.2borrowing 借用；借词3.3.1bound morpheme 粘着语素3.2.1bounding theory 管辖论4.3.3；12.4.6bracketing 括号法12.4.3Bransford 6.3.1Bransford, John 6.4brevity maxim 简洁准则8.3.2bridging 架接8.3.3Britian, D. 2.10British English 英式英语10.3.5broad transcription 宽式音标2.6.2；2.8.3 broadening 词义扩大3.3.3Brown corpus 布朗语料库10.3.2Burton, Dolores Burton 9.1Ccalculability 可计算性8.2.3calque 仿造；仿造词语3.3.1cancellability 可删除8.2.3cardinal numeral 基数3.1.2cardinal vowel 基本元音2.5.2Carpenter 6.2.5Carroll, B.J. 11.6.4Carter and Simpson 9.1case 格4.1.1case grammar格语法12.5.1case theory格理论4.3.3；12.4.6category 范畴1.4；3.1.2；3.2.1；4.1；4.3.2；6.2.3；8.2.1；10.3.5；12.3.3；12.4categorical component 范畴成分4.3.2；4.3.3causative 使役的；使投动词8.3.2CD-I, compact disk-interactive 交互式激光视盘10.1.3Cell 12.3.3center 中心词4.2.3central determiner 中心限定词3.1.2chain relation 链状关系4.2.1chain system 链状系统12.2.3Chao,Y.R. 2.8.2Chen 11.2Chinese 汉语3.3.1；4.1.1；5.0；5.3.2；8.1.2；8.2；12.2.3choice 选择12.2.3choice system 选择系统12.2.3Chomsky, Noam 1.9.4；2.11；4.2.2；4.3；6；6.1.2；7.2.1；8.3.3；10；10.3.2；11.2.3；11.2.5；12.4；12.4.7；12.5.1circumstance 环境因子12.2.3Clahsen,H. 2.10class 词类3.1.2；12.3.3class shift 词性变换3.3.3clause 小句；从句3.1.1；4.4.2click 吸气音；咂音2.2clipping 截断法3.3.1closed class 封闭类3.1.2closed syllable 闭音节2.11.1cluster 音丛2.11.1coarticulation 协同发音2.6；2.7coda 结尾音节；符尾2.11code 语码；信码1.4；3.1.2cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学6cognitive psychology 认知心理学6.4.1cognitive system 认知系统4.3.3coherence 相关；关联6.4.2；12.2.3cohension 衔接12.3.3Cohort theory 6.2.1co-hyponym 同下义词5.3.2colligation 类连结12.2.2collocative meaning 搭配意义12.2.2color word 色彩词7.1.2color word system 色彩词系统7.1.2command 指令1.9.1；4.3.3common core 共核11.3.3common noun 普通名词5.5.2communication 交际1.1；1.3；1.4communicative competence 交际能力1.9.4；7.2.4；11.2.5；11.3.3 communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力12.1.3communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法11.2 communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式12.1.3 communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲11.3.3；communicative test 交际性测试11.6.4communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法11.3.3 compact disk 激光盘10.1.3COMPACT DISD-READ ONLY MEMORY,CD-ROM 激光视盘10.1.3 comparative degree 比较级5.3.2competence 能力1.9.4；12.4.1；12.4.7complement 补语12.2.3complementary antonym 互补反义词5.5.2complementary antonymy 互补反义关系5.3.2complementary distribution 互补分布2.8.3；3.2.4complex predicate 复合谓语5.5.2component 成分1.1；3.2.1；11.3.3componential analysis 成分分析5.4composite proposition 复合命题5.5.2compositionality 复合性5.4；5.5.2compound 复合词；复合句2.12；3.2.1；3.2.3 comprehension 理解6.1.2computation 计算12.4.3computational linguistics 计算语言学1.8.4；10 computational system 计算系统4.3.3computer 计算机；电脑10computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习10.1.1 computer corpus 计算机语料库10.3.1computer hardware 计算机硬件10.2.1computer literacy 计算机操作能力10computer networks 计算机网络10..1.3computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学10.1.1 computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习10.1 conative 意动的1.4；4.4.2concept 概念4.2.1；5.1conceptual meaning 概念意义5.3；5.4concord 一致（关系）4.1.3concordance 共现关系10.3.3concrete noun 具体名词5.5.2concurrent 同时发生的11.6.3conjugation 词形变化3.3.1conjunct 连接副词5.5.2conjunction 连接词3.1.2；5.5.2conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑8.3.3connotation 内涵5；5.3；8.3.3consequent 跟随成分5.5.2consonance 辅音韵9.3.2；9.3.6consonant辅音2；3.2.4constant opposition 不变对立12.1.2constative 表述的8.1.1constituent command 成分指令4.3.3constituent proposition 成分命题5.5.2constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析12.4.3 constituent 成分3.1.2；4.2.2；8.3.3construct 编制11.6.4construct validity 编制效度11.6.3construction 构建4.2.2constructivism 构建主义11.4.3contact 接触1.4content analysis 内容分析10.4.3content validity 内容效度11.6.3content word 实义词3.1.2context dependent 语境依赖的5.3.1context of situation 情景语境7.1.1；12.2.1；12.2.2context 语境1.7.6；2.9.2；6.3；7.1.1contextual analyses 语境分析12.2.2contextual meaning 语境意义8contrastive analysis 对比分析11.5.4control theory 控制理论4.3.3；12.4.6controlled language 有控制的语言10.2.1convention 常规；规约1.3.1conventional meaning 常规意义；规约意义8.2.3 conventionality 常规性；规约性1.3.1conversational implicature 会话含义8.2.3；8.3 conversational maxim 会话准则8.3.2；9.5.1converse antonymy 相反反义现象5.3.2conversion 变换7.1.4Cook 11.3；11.4.3cooperative principle, CP 合作原则1.7.6；8.2.1；8.2.2；9.5.1 coordinate construction 并列结构4.2.3coordination 并列4.2.1Corder 11.5.2coreferential 互参的4.3.2；4.3.3；8.3.3coronal 舌面前音2.10corpus data 语料库语料10.3.5corpus (pl. corpora) 语料；素材10.3.1；10.3.5；12.3.3corpus linguistics 语料库语言学10.3context 上下文1.4；6.2.1countable 可数（名词）4.2.1 counterfactual proposition 反事实命题5.5.2 couplet 对句；对联9.3.4creativity 创造性；原创性1.3.2Creole 克里澳尔语；混和语7.2.3cross-cultural 跨文化7.1.3cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际7.1.1 cross-linguistic 跨语言的7.1.2Crystal, David 1.5.5；2.8.1；7.1.1Culler 12culture 文化7；7.1；7.1.4；12.3.1culturally-specific 文化特异的7.1.3 curriculum 教学大纲11.3customizing 定制的10.1.3Ddactyl 扬抑抑格9.3.3Dani language 达尼语7.1.2Darnell 7.1.1data retrieval, DR 资料检索10.4database 数据库12.2.5dative (case) 与格4.1.1；4.3.1dative movement 与格移动4.3.1 declarative 陈述句4.3.1；4.4.2decoding 解码8.3.1deductive 演绎的12.4.7deep structure 深层结构4.3.1；12.4.4；12.4.5 defeasibility 消除可行性8.2.3definite 有定的3.1.2；4.3.3degenerate data 无用的语料12.4.1deixis 指称9.4.1DeKeyser 11.4.1deletion rule 12.4.5delicacy 精密阶10.2.3Dell 6.4.1denotation 外延；指称5；8.3.3dental 齿音2.4.4；2.4.5dentalization 齿音化2.9.1；2.9.2derivation 衍生3.2.3derivational affix. 衍生词汇3.2.1derivational morphology 派生形态学3.2.3 description 描写1.9.1；11.5.3；12.2.3；12.3.3 descriptive adequacy 描写充分性12.4.2descriptive linguistics 描写语言学12.4design feature 结构特征1.3determiner 限定词3.1.2；4.1.3；4.2.1；4.3.1；6.2.3 developing grammar 发展语法12.4.1deviant 变体9.2.1deviation 偏离；变异1.9.4devoicing 清音化2.9.1；2.9.3diachronic linguistics 历时语言学12diachronic 历时的1.9.2；8.3.2diacritic 附加符号；变音符2.3.2；2.6.2 diagnostic test 诊断性测试11.6.2dialect 方言1.1dialectology 方言学7.2.2；10.3.5dialogue 对话9.5.1dictionary 词典5.5.2；10.3.5digitized sound 数字化语音10.1.3dimetre 二音步诗行9.3.3diphthong 二合元音；双元音2.5.2；3.2.4；3.3.2 direct object 直接宾语6.2.4；9.2.1；12.1.3direct speech, DS 直接言语9.4.2direct thought, DT 直接思想9.4.2directionality 方向性7.1.4discourse 语篇；话语6.3；9.4.1；1.3.3discourse analysis 语篇分析；话语分析7.2.3；12.2.3 discourse interpretation 语篇理解6.3discovery procedure （12.3.3）discrete 分离的；离散的1.3.2discrete-point grammar 离散语法11.4 discrete point test 分立性测试11.6.4 disjunction 分离关系5.5.2displacement 移位1.3.2dissimilation 异化（作用）3.2.4 distinctive feature 区别性特征2.10 distinguisher 辩义成分5.5.2distribution 分布3.1.2；12.3.3do-insertion rule do 添加规则12.4.3domain 范围；领域1.7.1；3.3；3.3.4；12.4.5 dorsal 舌背音；舌中音2.10dorsum 舌背（音）2.2double comparative 双重比较3.2.3Doughty 11.4.1Downes 7.1.1download 下载10.2.4drama 戏剧9.5drill-and-practice software 操练软件10.1.3D-structure D结构4.3.3dual 双数4.1.1；6.3.2dualistic view 二分观点7.2.1；7.2.3duality 二重性1.3.2Durkheim，E 12Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语9.5.1 economy 经济性；简洁性8.3.2；10.3.2 ejective 爆发音2.2electronic mail 电子邮件10.2.4 Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语9.5.1 ellipsis 省略（法）12.4.3elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构9.4.2 Ellis, J. 2.5.2；11.4.1；11.4.3embedded element 嵌入成分9.2.1emic 位学的1.9.5emotive 感情的1.4；1.5.4；4.4.2emphasis 强调3.1.2empirical 经验主义的12.3.3empirical data 经验主义的语料10.3.5empirical validity 经验效度11.6.3empiricism 经验主义12.4.1empty category, EC 空范畴12.4.6enabling skills 使成技能化11.6.4encoding 编码8.3.1end rhyme 末端韵9.3.6endocentric construction 内向结构4.3.3；4.2.3entailment 蕴涵5.4；8.2.3entry condition 入列条件12.2.3epenthesis 插音；增音2.9.2；2.9.3equipollent opposition 均等对立12.1.2equivalence 相等5.5.2equivalence reliability 相等信度11.6.3error analysis 错误分析11.5EST 科技英语12.4.6ethnicity identity 民族认同7.2.2ethnography of communication 交际民族学7.1.1etic 非位的；素的1.9.5evaluation 评估12.4.2；10.4.3；11.3.2event process 事件过程12.2.3example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译10.2.2 exchange error 交换错误6.4.1exchange sequence 交际序列9.5.1exchange structure 交际结构9.5.1exhaustive 穷尽的；彻底的12.4.3existent 存在物12.2.3existential 存在句4.4.2existential process 存在过程12.2.3existential quantifier 存在数量词5.5.2exocentric 外向的3.2.3exocentric construction 外向结构4.2.3；4.3.3experiential 经验的4.4.2experiential function 经验功能12.2.3experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学6 explanatory adequacy 解释充分性12.4.2explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法11.2 expression minimization 表达最底程度8.3.3 expressive 表达的1.5.4；4.4.2extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论12.4.5 extensive 引申的；扩展的12.2.3extent-condition format 程度条件格式8.3.1external evaluation 外部评估11.3.2；11.6external qualifier 外部修饰语5.5.2extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源11.6.3eye movement 眼部移动6.2.5Fface validity 卷面效度11.6.3facilitation 便利；促进11.5.4Fasold 7.1.2；7.2.2；7.2.4feasibility 可行性11.2.5feature 特征5.5.2feedback 反馈10.4.2felicity condition 适宜性条件；恰当条件8.1.1 feminine 阴性10.3.5fiction 小说9.4.4；9.5.1figurative language 比喻性语言；象征性语言9.2.2 figures of speech 修辞手段；修辞格9.4.4Fillmore, C.J. 12.5.1finite element 有定成分12.2.3finite 有定的；有限的4.4.2finite state grammar 有限状态语法12.4.3Firbas, J. 12.1.3first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者9.4.1Firth, J.R. 7.1.1；12.2Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学12.2.3Fishman 7.1.1flap 闪音2.4.3flexibility 灵活性；变通性11.6.4floppy disk 软盘10.1.2Flower 6.4.2focus 焦点；中心2.9.2Fodor 5.2.2folk etymology 俗词源学；民间词源3.3.3foregrounded features 突出特征9.4.4foregrounding 突出；前景话9.2.1；9.2.3foreign language teaching 外语教学11form 形式3.1.1；3.3.2；7.2.2；11；11.4.1；12.2.3formal difference 形式差异12.3.1formalization 形式化12.3.3；12.4.7formation 形成3.2formative 构形成分；构词成分3.2.1free form 自由形式3.1.2free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语9.4.2free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想9.4.2free morpheme 自由语素3.2.1；4.3.1free root morpheme 自由词根语素3.2.2free variant 自由变体2.8.3free verse 自由韵文9.3.4French 法语3.3；4.1.1；9.5.1；10.2.3frequency effect 频率效应6.2.1Freud 12fricative （摩）擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1friction 摩擦2.4.3front 舌面前；舌前的2.5.1fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译10.2.1function word 功能词3.1.2function 功能1.5；4.1；4.4.2functional grammar 功能语法11.3.3；12.2.3functional linguistics 功能语言学11.2.4functional sentence perspective, FSP 功能句子观12.1.3functions of language 语言功能12.2.3fusion 溶合3.3.1fuzzy 模糊的10.3.5GGao 7.1.4Garrett 6.4.1；7.2.2；10.1.3gender difference 性别差异7.2.3gender 4.1.1；10.3.5；12.2.3general linguistics 普通语言学12.3.3generalisation 概括1.3.2；12.4.2generative grammar 生成语法12.4；12.4.6generative semantics 生成语言学12.5.1genitive 属格；所有格4.1.1genre 体裁；语类9.4.1；10.3.5German 德语3.1.2；10.2.3given (information) 已给信息4.4.2；9.4.1；12.1.3global task 整体任务11.6.4glottal 喉音2.4.4；2.4.5glottal stop 喉塞音2.2goal 目标12.2.3Gomulicki 6.3.2government theory 支配理论12.4.6government 支配4.1；4.1.3；4.3.3；8.2.3grammatical analysis 语法分析4.4.1grammatical function 2.12;4.2.3;4.6.2grammatical structure 语法结构11.2.2gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系5.3.2gradual opposition 渐次对立12.1.2grammar 语法3.1.1；3.2.4；11.4.1；12.2.3；12.3.3；12.4.2 grammatical category 语法范畴12.3.3grammatical concept 语法概念12.3.1grammatical description 语法描写12.4.3grammatical form 语法形式9.2.1grammatical marker 语法标记5.5.2grammatical meaning 语法意义3.1.2；3.2.4grammatical organization 语法组成9.4.4grammatical pattern 语法类型11.2.2grammatical process 语法过程12.3.1grammatical rule 语法规则8.3.3grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形12.1.3 grammatical structure 语法结构9.2.1；9.2.3；12.3.1 grammatical subject 语法主语4.4.2grammatical system 语法系统12.3.1grammatical word 语法词3.1.2；9.4.2graphitic form 文字形式2.3.2Greek 希腊语3.3.1；4；4.1.1；7.2.2；11.2.1Greenberg et al 7.1.2Gregersen 7.2.2Grice 8；8.2；8.2.2；8.3.1；9.5.1Gricean maxim Grice准则8.3.1；9.4.2group 词组12.2.3guttural 腭音2.10Hhalf-rhyme 半韵9.3.6Hall, R. 2.11；12.3.3Halle, Morris 12.5.1Halliday, M.A.K 4.4.2；7.1.1；10；11.2.4；11.3.3；12.2；12.2.3 hard palate 硬腭2.2；2.4.4Harris 7.2.1Hartley 1.8Hatzfeld, Helmet 9.1Hayes 6.4.2head 中心词；中心成分4.2.3headed construction 中心结构4.2.3heptameter 七音步诗行9.3.3hierarchical structure 等级结构4.2.2hierarchical system 等级系统12.4.3hierarchy 等级体系1.3.2；3.1.1；3.1.2；12.3.3Higgins 10.1.3high 高（元音）2.5.1Hill, A 12.3.3historical linguistics 历史语言学1.9.1；10.3.5Hockett, Charles 2.8.2；4.2.3；3；12.3.3Holmes 10.3.5holophrastic stage 单词句阶段12.4.1homonym 同音/形异议词12.2.1Hopi Hopi语7.1.1；7.1.2horizontal relation 链状关系4.2.1Horn scale 霍恩阶8.3.3Horn, Lawrence 8.3.2Householder 8.3.2Hu 11.2Huang, Yan 8.3.3human cognitive system 人类认知系统12.4.2human language 人类语言1.3；12.4.1human speech 人类言语6.4.1human translation 人译10.2；10.2.6Humboldt, Wilhelm 7.1.1Hutchins 10.1.3Hymes, D. H. 1.9.3；7.1.1；11.2.5；11.3.3 hypercorrection 矫枉过正11.5.4hyponym 下义词5.3.2；5.4hyponymy 下义关系5.3.3hypothesis 假设11.2.3hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎12.4.2Iiamb 抑扬格9.3.3iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行9.3.3IC analysis 直接成分分析法4.2.2；12.4.2ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习10.1.2 ideational (function) 概念功能1.4；4.4.2；12.2.3 identifying 认同的12.2.3idiom 成语；习语2.1.3；10.3.5idiomatically-governed 习语支配的7.1.3ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子12.4.4illocutionary act 话中行为；施为性行为8.1.2 illocutionary force 言外作用；施为作用8.1.2 imaginative (function) 想象功能1.4；12.2.3immediacy assumption 即时假定6.2.5immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法4.2.2；4.3.1 imperative rule 祈使规则12.4.4imperative 祈使语气；命令的4.4.2implicate 意含8.2.2；8.2.3implication 蕴涵；含义5.5.2；8.2.1；8.2.3；8.3.2 implication connective 蕴涵连接5.5.2implicature 含义；言外之意7.1.3；8.2implied meaning 蕴涵意义8.2.1implosive 内破裂音；内爆音2.2inanimate 无生命的4.2.1inclusiveness relation 内包意义5.3indefinite 不定的，无定的3.1.2indicative 陈述式；陈述语气4.4.2indirect object 间接宾语6.2.4；12.1indirct speech, IS 间接言语9.4.2indirect thought, IT 间接思想9.4.2Indo-European languages 印欧语言1.9.3；3.1.2；12.3.1 inference 推论；推理5.5.2；6.3.1；8.3.1；9.4.4 inference drawing 推论6.3.1inferential communication 推论交际8.3.1infinitive不定式3.1.2；4.1.2infix 中缀3.2.1inflection 屈折（变化）3.1.2；3.2.3inflectional affix 屈折词缀3.2.1inflectional morphology 屈折形态学3.2.3inflective endings 屈折结尾3.1.2information retrieval 信息检索1.8.4；10.4information structure 信息结构10.4.3informative (function) 信息功能1.5.1；12.2.3innateness 先天性12.4.7innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设12.4.1input 输入10.4.2；11.4.2；12.4.1input hypothesis 语言输入说11.4.2instrumental (function) 工具功能1.4；12.2.3integrative test 综合性测试11.6.4intensifier 强调成分7.2.2intensive 强调的；增强的12.2.3interactional (function) 交互功能1.4；12.2.3interdental 齿间音2.4.4interface 界面1.8.4interference 干扰11.5.4interjection 感叹词1.4；3.1.3；9.5.1interlanguage 中介语11.4.3；11.5.2interlingua 国际语10.2.2interlingual approach 语际法10.2.2interlocutor 会话者8.1.2internal evaluation 内部评估11.3.2；11.6.2internal structure 内部结构4.2.2international phonetic alphabet, IPA 国际音标2.10；2.3.2；2.3.2 internet 互联网10.2.4interpersonal 人际的1.4；4.4.2interpersonal function 人际功能1.5；1.5.2；12.2.3 interpretation 解释12.4.7interrogative sentence 疑问句4.4.2；4.3.1；7.2.2intonation 语调2.11intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系5.3intransitive 不及物的4.3.2intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源11.6.3invariable word 不变词3.1.2invention 新创词语3.3.1inversion 倒置，倒装3.1.2IPA chart 国际音标图2.4.4；2.5.2IPS symbol 国际音标符号2.8.3irony 讽刺；反话9.4.2isolated opposition 孤立对立12.1.2Italian 意大利语3.3.1JJakobson, Roman 1.4；4.4.2Japanese 日语3.3.1；3.3.1；10.2.3jargon 黑话；行语1.1Jesperson, Otto 2.3.2；7.2.2Johnson & Johnson 10Johnson 6.4Jones, Daniel 2.3.2；2.5.2；2.8.2；7.1.3KKatz, John 4.3.2；5.5.2Kaufer 6.4.2Kay, Paul 7.1.2；10.2.3Kennedy and Graeme 10.3Kenyon, J.S. 2.5.3kernel sentence 核心句12.4.3keyword关键词10.4.3Kintsch 6.3.2Kjelmer 10.3.5Knott,T.A. 2.5.3knowledge 知识6.4.2；10.2.2known information 已知信息12.1.3Krashen 11.4.2Kruszewski, Mikolaj 2.8.2Kuno, Susumo 4.3.3Llabel 标示；标记4.2.2labial 唇音2.10labiodental 唇齿音2.4.4；2.4.5Labov, William 7.2.2Ladefoged 2.5.3Lado 11.6.3Lakoff 7.2.2；12.5.1Lakoff & Johnson 7.1.3Lancaster 10.4language 语言1；6；7.1；7.2；10；12.3.1 language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制12.4.1 language attitude 语言态度7.2.3language choice 语言选择7.2.3language comprehension 语言理解6.2；3.1；6.4language data 语言素材10language learning 语言学习1.2；11；11.4；7.2.4language maintenance 语言维护7.2.3language processing 语言处理6.3.1；6.4language structure 语言结构12.4.7language system 语言系统2.1；12.4.1language teaching 语言教学7.1.4；7.2.4；11；12.2.3；12.3.2 language universal 语言普遍性12.4.1language use 语言使用7.1.1；7.2.2langue 语言（系统）1.9.3；8.3.2Larsen-Freeman 11.2larynx 喉头2.2lateral 边音；旁流音2.4.3；2.4.5Latin 拉丁语3.1.2；3.3.1；3.3.2；4.1.1；4.2.3；11.2.1 Latin grammar 拉丁语法1.9.1；4.1.2；11.2.1lax vowel 松元音2.5.3Leech, G. 5；10.3.2；10.3.4length 长度；音长2.1.2；2.5.1；2.5.4；12.2.2Lepschy, G. C. 12.3.3letter 字母2.3.1level 层，级，平面1.3.2Levinson, Stephen 8.3.3lexeme 词位；词素3.1.1lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义6.2.2lexical change 词汇变化（3.3）lexical level 词汇层12.2.2lexical meaning 词汇意义3.1.2；3.2.4lexical morphology 词汇形态学3.2.3lexical studies 词汇研究10.3.5lexical word 词汇词3.1.2lexicogrammar 词汇语法3.1.1；1.1；12.2.3lexicon 词汇；词典3.2.3；4.3.2；4.3.3；12.4.5；12.5.1 lexis 词9.2.3；9.4.4liaison 连音；连续3.1.4limerick 打油诗9.3.4line 诗行9.3.6linear phonology 线性音系学2.11linear structure 线形结构4.2.2linguistic university 语言普遍性7.1.2linguistic behaviour 语言行为12.2.3linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势12.2.3linguistic competence 语言能力11.2.3；11.6.3；12.4.1；12.4.2 linguistic context 语言语境；上下文12.2.2linguistic data 语言素材10.3.1；12.4.2linguistic description 语言描写12.3.2；12.4.3linguistic determinism 语言决定论7.1.1linguistic facts 语言事实12.4.3linguistic relativity 语言相对性7.1.1linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视7.2.2linguistic structure 语言结构12.2.3；12.3.1linguistic theory 语言理论11.7linguistic unit 语言单位12.2.3linguistic universal 语言普遍性10.2.2；12.4.1；12.4.7 linguistic variation 语言变异7.2.2；7.2.3linguistics 语言学1；4；11；12.3.1；12.4.3lip rounding 圆唇化2.5.1；2.5.2literal language 本义语言9.2.2；9.2.3literary stylistics 文学文体学9loan translation 翻译借词3.3loanblend 混合借词3.3.1loanshift 转移借词3.3.1loanword 借词3.3.1local area networks, LAN 局域网10.1.3locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为8.1.2logical component 逻辑成分12.4.5logical connective 逻辑连词5.5.2logical form component 逻辑式成分4.3.3logical form representation 逻辑式表达12.4.5logical formula 逻辑公式5.5.2logical function 逻辑功能12.2.3logical semantics 逻辑语义学5.5.2logical structure 逻辑结构5.5.2logical subject 逻辑主语4.4.2logophoricity 词照应4.3.3London School 伦敦学派12.2；12.2.3Long & Robinson 11.4.1long vowed 长元音2.11.1；3.2.4；3.3.2loss of sound 语音脱落3.3.2loudness 响度2.12low 底；下2.5.1Luhn 10.4.3Luo Changpei 12.2.3Lyons, John 1.6；5.5.2Mmachine translation 机器翻译1.8.4；10.2；12.2.3macrolinguistics 宏观语言学1.8macroproposition 宏观命题6.3.2macrostructure 宏观结构6.3.2main clause 主句12.2.3Malinowski, Bronislaw 1.5.5；4.4.2；7.1.1；12.2.2man-machine symbiosis 人机共生10.2.1manner maxim 方式准则8.2.1manner of articulation 发音方式2.4.3；2.4.5marked 标记的5.3.2；8.3.2；8.3.3；10.3.5masculine 阳性10.3.5matalinguistic 元语言学的4.4.2material (process) 物质过程4.4.2；12.2.3mathematical principles 数学原理12.4.3Mathesius, V. 12.1.1maxim 准则8.2.2maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则2.11.3McArthur, Tom 10.3.1McCawley, J. 8.3.2；12.5.1meaning potential 意义潜势7.1.1；11.3.3；12.2.3meaning shift 转移3.3.3meaning 意义1.3.2；1.7.5；5.0；5.1；8；12.2.3；12.2.3；12.3.1；12.3.3；12.4.3mental (processs) 思维过程；心理过程4.4.2；12.2.3 mentalism 心灵主义12.4.7message 信息1.4；9.4.1Mesthrie 7.2.2metafunction 元功能11.2.4；12.2.3；5.4 metalinguistic 元语言的1.4；8.3.2metaphor 隐喻7.1.3；9.2.2metathesis 换位（作用）3.3.2metonymy 换喻；转喻9.2.2metre 韵律9.3metrical patterning 韵律格式9.3.3 microcomputer 微机10microprocessor 微处理器10mid 中（元音）2.5.1；2.5.1Milic, Louis 9.1Milroy 7.2.2mind 思维6minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论6.2.3 minimal pair 最小对立体2.8.1；2.8.2minimalist program 12.4.6minimum free form 最小自由形式3.1.2；12.2.3 mirror maxim 镜像准则8.3.3mistake 错误11.5.1modal subject 语气主语4.4.2modal verb 情态动词12.2.3modality 情态12.2.3modern French 现代法语9.5.1modification 修饰4.3.2；6.4；10.3.2；12.5.1 modifier 修饰语4.2.3monomorphemic 单语素的3.2.1monophonemic 单音位的3.2.4monophthong 单元音2.5.2monosyllabic 单音节的2.12；2.11.1；3.2.4 Motague grammar 蒙太古语法5.5.2mood 语气4.4.2；8.1.1；12.2.3morph 形素；词素形式12.3.3morpheme 语素；词素；形素1.3.1；3.1.1；3.2.1；3.2.4；4；4.3.1；12.4.3morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误6.4.1morphemic shape 词素形状3.2.4morphemic structure 词素结构3.2.4morphemic transcription 词素标音3.2.4morphological change 形态变化3.3.3morphological rule 形态规则3.2.1morphology 形态学1.7.3；3.2.1；3.2.3；3.2.4morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分4.3.1 morphophonemics 形态音位学3.2.4morphophonology 形态音系学3.2.4morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化3.3.3mother tongue 母语；本族语7.1.2；11.2.3；11.5.2；11.5.4；12.4.1 motivation 动因；动机1.2；7.1.4move （移动）4.3.3M-principle M原理8.3.3MT 机器翻译10.2MT quality 机译质量10.2.3multilateral opposition 多边对立12.1.2multi-level phonology 多层次音系学2.11multilingualism 多语制；多语现象7.2.3Nnarratee 被叙述者9.4.1narrator 叙述者9.4.1narrator’s representation of speech acts, NRS A 言语行为的叙述者表达9.4.2narrator’s representation of speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达9.4.2 narrator’s representation of thought acts, NRTA思维行为的叙述者表达9.4.2narrator’s representation of thought, NRT思维的叙述者表达9.4.2 narrow transcription 窄式音标2.6.2；2.8.3narrowing 狭窄化3.3.3nasal 鼻音2.11.1；2.4.5nasal cavity 鼻腔2.2；2.4.3nasal sound 鼻音2.2；3.2.4nasal stop 鼻塞音2.4.3nasal tract 鼻道2.6nasality 鼻音性2.6nasalization 鼻音化2.9.1；2.9.2Nash, Walter 9.5.3native speaker 操本族语者11.5.2natural language 自然语言5.5.2naturalistic data 自然语料10.3.5near-adult grammar 近成人语法12.4.1negation 否定；否定结构3.1.2；5.5.2；8.3.2；12.4.3 negative 否定的3.1.2；4.3.1negative interference 负面干扰11.5.4negative marker 否定标记3.1.3negative transfer 负转移11.5.4neogrammarian 新语法学家12network 网络4.4.2network computer 网络计算机10.2.4neutralizable opposition 可中立对立12.1.2new information 新信息9.4.1new stylistics 新文体学9.1Nida, Eugene 1.5.4；7.1.1；7.1.3；7.1.4node 节4.3.3nominal group 名词词组3.1.2nominalization 名词化4.3.1nominative 主格4.1.1non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入11.4.2non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析11.5.4non-conventionality 非规约性8.2.3non-detachability非可分离性8.2.3non-linear phonology 非线性音系学2.11non-linguistic entity 非语言实体5.3non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音2.2non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇11.4.2non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词8.3.3nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段12.4.1nonverbal cues 非言语提示1.2norm 规范5.3.2notation system 标写系统2.3.2；2.5.3notion 意念11.3.3notional-functional syllabus 意念功能教学大纲11.3.3noun phrase 名词短语4.2.3；4.3.1；6.2.3noun 名词2.11；3.1.2；4.1；4.1.1；4.1.3；4.2.1；12.4.4；12.4.5 number system 数字系统12.2.3number 数字4.1.1；11.4.3；12.4.3OO’Barr & Atkins 7.2.4object 宾语4.1.3；4.2.1object-deletion 宾语省略4.3.1objective case 宾格3.3.3objectivity 客观性11.6.3；12.3.3obligatory 强制性12.3.3；12.4.3observational adequacy 观察充分性12.4.2abstruction 阻塞2.4.1；2.5.1OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪10.2.1octametre 八音步诗行9.3.3Ogden 5.1Ohmann 11.2.3Old English 古英语2.3.1；3.3.2one-place predicate 一位谓语5.5.2on-line translation 在线翻译10.2.4onomatopoeia 拟声词1.3.1；9.3.5onset 节首辅音2.11open class 开放类3.1.2open syllable 开音节2.11.10operational system 操作系统10.4.2operative 可操作性12.2.3operator 操作词4.4.2oppositeness relation 对立关系5.3opposition 对立12.1.2optimal relevance 最适宜关联8.3.1option 选择12.2.3optional 可选择的12.3.3；12.4.3oral cavity 口腔2.2；2.4.1；2.4.3oral stop 口阻塞音2.4.3ordinal numeral 序数词3.1.2origin of language 语言起源1.4orthography 正字法2.3.1ostensive communication 直示交际8.3.1output 产出10.4.2；12.4.1overgeneralization 过分法则化3.3.1；11.5.4Ppalatal 腭音；舌面中音2.4.4；2.4.5palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音2.4.4palatalization （硬）腭化2.8.3Palmer 7.1.1paradigm 聚合体3.1.2；3.2.3paradigmatic relation 聚合关系4.2.1；4.3.2；4.4.2；12.1.2；12.2.2；12.2.3paraphrase 释义；意译5.5.2；9.3.2；9.5.3parole 言语1.9.3；8.3.2part of speech 词类3.1.2；4.1；10.3.4participant 参与者11.3.2；12.2.3particle 小品词；语助词3.1.2；12.4.3particular grammar 特定语的语法12.4..2partitive 部分的；部分格3.1.2passive transformation 被动转换4.3.1；4.3.2；12.4.3passive (voice) 被动语态4.3.1；4.3.2；12.4.3；12.4.4pattern drill technique 句型操练法11.2.2pattern 模式9.4.4patterning 制定模式2.7pause 停顿3.1.1；3.1.2；6.4.1peak （节）峰2.11.1perceptual span 感知时距6.2.5perfectionism 完善主义10.2.1。