英语四级语法讲解从句

5 until / till ① not … until … ② 强调句式: It is/was not until + 从句 + that +主句 ③ not提到句首,句子倒装→ Not until +时间状语（从句）+
that, which: 先行词为事、物, 在句中可作主语、宾语； who, whom: 先行词为人, 在句中可作主语、宾语； whose: 先行词为人、事、物, 在句中作定语；
as:
①先行词被 the same, such修饰 或先行词本身就是 the same, such; ②引导非限定性定语从句, 代替整 个句子, 在从句中作主语或宾语.
☆定语从句引导词：
关系代词: who, whom, whose
that, which, as ☆ 关系副词: when, where, why = 介词+关系代词 ☆
1 定语从句引导词在句中 起三个作用: ①引导和连接主、从句 ②在从句中作某种成分 ③替代先行词 （因此从句中不能再有先行词或其 代词）
It wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us. As is well known, Rome is not built in a day. As we all know, Rome is not built in a day.
① This
③
He introduced me to his students, ___ C offered to go with me as a guide. A one of them B one student C one of whom D one of which
④
D had been The residents, ____ damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross. A all of their homes B all their homes C whose all homes D all of whose homes
③ He is the only person that is reliable. These are the very points that interest me. ④ The first step that we are to take is very difficult. She has become one of the best actresses that appear on Chinese screens.
从 句
从 句 根据英语从句在句子中的作 用，从句可分为三类： 名词性从句 Nominal Clauses 形容词性从句 Adjectival Clauses 副词性从句 Adverbial Clauses
名词性从句
Including: 主语从句 — Subject Clause 宾语从句 — Object Clause 表语从句 — Predicative Clause 同位语从句—Appositive Clause
以及表示“建议、命令、请求” 的词 (后者句中要用虚拟语气).
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the results. There was the question where we were to go. / what we were to do. / when we were to start. / how we could get there. / why we should help them.
The question is whether we shall stay or not. / how we can get there. / whom he is looking for. / who he is. The reason is (that) he is ill. That’s what they did. / why I didn’t come.
考点：
1 when “正在这时……” 2 It is a long time before / after … 3 It is / was … since …（完成时）… 4 no sooner…than… hardly/ scarcely…when… ①时态:主句用过去完成时; 从句用过去时. ②否定副词提到句首, 句子要部分倒装.
⑤
C This is the theory ____ which his experiment is based. A from B to C on D for
☆时状常见引导词： ＊ when, while, until / till, as, before, after, since, whenever, as soon as, once, ＊ n.短语： the moment / each time / every time / the distance …+ clause ＊ no sooner…than… hardly/ scarcely…when…
⑤ Who that have studied with him
do not admire him? Who is the man that you were talking to when I saw you yesterday? ⑥ She is not the girl that she was three years ago. Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
☆同位语从句引导词： 从属连词: that, whether 连接副词: when, where, why, how that: 无意义,不做成分,但不能 省略.
＊同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为
先行词. 常见先行词有：
idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question, sign, suspect, …
① He talked loudly of the men and
the books that attracted him. ② You can take any seat that is free. ﹡ All that glitters is not gold. ﹡There is little / nothing that I can do. ﹡Nothing is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
☆宾语从句引导词： 属连词: that, whether, if 连接代词: what, which, who, whom (词尾加-ever加强语气) 连接副词: when, where, why, how
☆表语从句引导词： 从属连词:来自百度文库that, whether, if 连接代词: what, which, who, whom 连接副词: when, where, why, how
＊从句类型的判定： 看从句在整个句子中处在什么位 置上、作什么句子成分。 通常位于句子开头的从句是主语 从句；动词后面的从句是宾语从 句；系动词后面的从句是表语从 句；名词后面的从句只能是同位 语从句或定语从句；其它情况则 都是状语从句。
☆主语从句引导词
从属连词: that, whether 连接代词: what, which, who, whom 连接副词: when, where, why, how
☆介词+关系代词
不定pron. / 数词 + 介词 + 关系代 词which / whom / whose + n. 介词判定依据： ①介词与关系代词 (即先行词)为固 定搭配 ②介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配
This is the room where / in which they lived for ten years. This is the room that / which they lived in for ten years. It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand.
形容词性从句
Attributive Clause 定语从句
Restrictive ～ 限制性定语从句 Non-restrictive ～ 非限制性定语从句
副词性从句 Adverbial Clause状语从句 1 of Time （时间） 2 of Place（地点） 3 of Cause（原因） 4 of Result（结果） 5 of Purpose（目的） 6of Condition（条件） 7 of Concession（让步） 8 of Manner（方式） 9 of Comparison（比较‘） 10 of Analogy（类比）
is the city ___. B A I like to visit it most B I like to visit most C I most like to visit D I most like to visit it
② Beer
is the most popular drink among male drinkers, A overall consumption is ____ significantly higher than that of women. A whose B which C that D what
①
Agriculture was a step in A which human progress ___ subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. A to B for C in D from
②
D I bought a dozen eggs, ____ broke when I dropped the box at the door. A six eggs B six eggs of them C six of them D six of which
2 只用which引导定语从句的情况: ①引导非限定性定语从句; ②在介词后面; ③句中已有连词that为避免重复； He told me that the radio which he had bought was defective.
3 只用that引导定语从句的情况: ①先行词既包括人又包括物; ②先行词前有不定代词修饰或本身为 指物不定代词or复合不定代词时; ③先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰; ④先行词被序数词、adj.最高级修饰; ⑤先行词本身为疑问pron.时；or句中 有疑问代词； ⑥关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,多 用that ;
③ The
C the children hours ____ spend in their one-way relationship with TV people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. A when B on which C that D in which
1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all. B is 2 In some countries, ____ called “equality” doesn’t really mean equal right for equal people. A which B what C that D one