2001年10月英语二试题及答案
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案
绝密▲启用前试卷类型：A2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（听力占20%）英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第一卷（三部分，共115分）1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目、试卷类型用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2. 每小题选了答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3. 考试结束，考和将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）作题时，选将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两人钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B. ￡9.15C.￡9.18答案为B。
1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concertB. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lessonC. He attended a meeting3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A.He’s anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He’s expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A. 3:00.B. 3:15.C. 5:00.5. What is the man’s problem>A.He can’t decide how to go.B.He can’t drive himself.C.He doesn’t like traveling by train.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
讲解全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试完整
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题课程代码：00603（以下括弧中的内容均为补充说明）Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph(20 points)The following passage isincomplete with the concluding paragraph(the ending paragraph, the conclusion) missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary (diction) you use are in unity with the passage provided.Manners Are Important As one looks about (around), it becomes very easy to conclude thatgood manners seem to be a thing of the past. More and more people seem （appear）to be discourteous (rude, impolite) to one another, more indicative of a “survival of the fittest” attitude than (indicative) of living in a civilized society. Although much of what was considered good manners at the turn of the last century may no longer be appropriate, common courtesy and acceptable behavior are still necessary to make life pleasant, especially as our cities become more and more (are getting increasingly) crowded. Although common courtesy is the underlying (basic, fundamental) framework, good manners are manifested (shown, presented) in two distinct (obvious, apparent, evident) areas (fields, respects, dimensions), business and social (cf. sociable: infavor of making friends or keeping company with other people) relationships.The world of business (The commercial world,The commercial circles, The business circles) has become increasingly impersonal (indifferent, inhospitable) over the years. The fast development of computers has removed the personal touch (personal affection) from many business dealings. It is not uncommon, when phoning a company, to get a recorded message telling us which number to press. When we finally do get a live person on the other end, he often seems uncaring. Good business sense, though, would dictate (control) the importance of getting back to the personal touch. The speaker should identify himself by name (should tellhis name) to the caller and make every effort (try his best) to be courteous and helpful. Above all, he should take great pains (try his best) to assure the call is not disconnected (connected). In addition, he should make certain (sure) that the caller is connected to his party and not kept waiting long while listening to canned music (recorded music). Good manners will assure happy, loyal customers.Good manners are, perhaps, most frequently associated with social relationships. Unfortunately, here again they seem to be in decline. Giving up one's seat on a crowded bus to an elderly person, a pregnant woman, or an obviously tired person seems to be a thing of the past. People also seem to have forgotten how to behave as an audience. It is not uncommon to see (Itcan be easily seen anywhere) people putting their feet up on the seats in front of them or talking loudly during a movie or play. Even restaurants are not immune from (are troubled with) the lack of good manners. Young parents do not seem to care that their children are roaming throughout the restaurant or are crying and disturbing the other guests. These examples touch upon (talk about, come down to) only the surface of the rapid decline of good manners.分析：本篇文章是说明文，其层次分为三大部分。
2001年考研英语试题及参考答案（3）
Passage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s,multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer's demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom coMPAnies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63．What is the typical trend of businesses today?［A］to take in more foreign funds［B］to invest more abroad［C］to combine and become bigger［D］to trade with more countries64．According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _________.［A］the greater customer demands［B］a surplus supply for the market［C］a growing productivity［D］the increase of the world's wealth65．From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________.［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs［C］the costs of the globalization process are enormous［D］the Stanard Oil trust might have threatened competition66．Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be _________.［A］optimistic［B］objective［C］pessimistic［D］biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late'80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the'80s,downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.67．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?［A］Full-time employment is a new international trend.［B］The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.［C］"A lateral move" means stepping out of full-time employment.［D］The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68．The writer's experiment shows that downshifting _________.［A］enables her to realize her dream［B］helps her mold a new philosophy of life［C］prompts her to abandon her high social status［D］leads her to accept the doctrine of [WTBX]she magazine69．"Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by _________.［A］non-materialistic lifestyle［B］a bit of everything［C］extreme stress［D］anti-consumerism70．According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a resultof _________.［A］the quick pace of modern life［B］man's adventurous spirit［C］man's search for mythical experiences［D］the economic situationPart Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)In less than 30 year's time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. 71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1，000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. 73)Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer human links. "By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck," he says. 74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.。
英语(二外)2001答案
18.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was
contaminated
(A).polluted
(C).diluted
(B).tinted
(D).diverted
19.The last weeks before Christmas are usually hectic, as people rush to get last-minute gifts.
(B).how much does the clock cost (D).how much is this clock cost
7.He is one of those who will be most enthusiastic over a hobby for a while, and then ______it for
(A).Lazy
(C).exhausted
(B).sleepy
(D).sad
5.Since I have been ill, my appetite has diminished.
(A).desire for exercise
(C).desire for sleep
(B).desire for visitors
(A).that one
(C).the one
(B).the ones
(D).those
13.Fnmldy speaking, it is difficult for me to ______what he wrote.
(A).make
(C).make out
(B).make for
2001年考研英语2真题
绝密★启用前2001年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。
不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。
超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C],and [D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases1the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor,will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses4and will strictly control the amount of5that can be given to a case6a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman,chairman of the House of Commons media select committee,Lord Irvine said he7with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a10of media protest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,”he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10life sentences in1995.Up to 19witnesses were18to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.Concerns were raised19witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to20guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to［B］for instance［C］in particular［D］such as2.［A］tightening［B］intensifying［C］focusing［D］fastening3.［A］sketch［B］rough［C］preliminary［D］draft4.［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］improbable［D］improper5.［A］publicity［B］penalty［C］popularity［D］peculiarity6.［A］since［B］if［C］before［D］as7.［A］sided［B］shared［C］complied［D］agreed8.［A］present［B］offer［C］manifest［D］indicate9.［A］Release［B］Publication［C］Printing［D］Exposure10.［A］storm［B］rage［C］flare［D］flash11.［A］translation［B］interpretation［C］exhibition［D］demonstration12.［A］better than［B］other than［C］rather than［D］sooner than13.［A］changes［B］makes［C］sets［D］turns14.［A］binding［B］convincing［C］restraining［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized［B］credited［C］entitled［D］qualified16.［A］with［B］to［C］from［D］by17.［A］impact［B］incident［C］inference［D］issue18.［A］stated［B］remarked［C］said［D］told19.［A］what［B］when［C］which［D］that20.［A］assure［B］confide［C］ensure［D］guaranteeS ectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40points)Text1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research.But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.Another was the growing professionalization of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:exceptions can be found to any rule.Nevertheless,the word“amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and,in particular,may not fully share its values.The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century,with its consequent requirement of a longer,more complex training,implied greater problems for amateur participation in science.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.Thus,in the nineteenth century,local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right;but,in the twentieth century,local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate,and reflect on,the wider geological picture.Amateurs,on the other hand,have continued to pursue local studies in the old way.The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.As a logical consequence of this development,separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalization and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century,its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century.In science generally,however,the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21.The growth of specialisation in the19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_______.[AJ sociology and chemistry[B]physics and psychology[C]sociology and psychology[D]physics and chemistry22.We can infer from the passage that_______.[A]there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalization[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______.[A]the process of specialisation and professionalization[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C]the change of policies in scientific publications[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24.The direct reason for specialisation is_______.[A]the development in communication[B]the growth of professionalisation[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge[D]the splitting up of academic societiesText2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less visible then,however,were the new,positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are.More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together.As a result,I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so.And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads,harbors,highways,ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.The English,the Germans,the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony.They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now?The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure,which today is an electronic infrastructure,the better off you’re going to be.That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled,or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25.Digital divide is something_______.[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it_______.[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world27.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital’s control[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment28.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on______.[A]how well-developed it is electronically[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C]whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D]how much control it has over foreign corporationsText3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question.The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper.Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)into which they plug each day’s events.In other words,there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the“standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers.In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country,plus one large metropolitan area.Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks,and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work,or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite,so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry,particularly a declining one.Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values, education,and class.29.What is the passage mainly about?[A]needs of the readers all over the world.[B]causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C]origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D]aims of a journalism credibility project.30.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be______.[A]quite trustworthy[B]somewhat contradictory[C]very illuminating[D]rather superficial31.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A]working attitude[B]conventional lifestyle[C]world outlook[D]educational background32.Despite its efforts,the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its_______.[A]failure to realize its real problem[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D]prejudice in matters of race and genderText4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.Multinational corporations accounted for less than20%of international trade in1982.Today the figure is more than25%and growing rapidly.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.In Argentina,for instance,after the reforms of the early1990s,multinationals went from43%to almost70%of the industrial production of the 200largest firms.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands. All these are beneficial,not detrimental,to consumers.As productivity grows,the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S.,when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.The mergers of telecom companies,such as WorldCom,hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress.On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast.In cars,too,concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler,Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.A few weeks ago,Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry.Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created?Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition?And should one country take upon itself the role of“defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations,as in the U S.vs.Microsoft case?33.What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A]to take in more foreign funds.[B]to invest more abroad.[C]to combine and become bigger.[D]to trade with more countries.34.According to the author,one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is______.[A]the greater customer demands.[B]a surplus supply for the market.[C]a growing productivity.[D]the increase of the world's wealth.35.From paragraph4we can infer that______.[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36.Toward the new business wave,the writer's attitude can he said to be_______.[A]optimistic[B]objective[C]pessimistic[D]biasedText5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term“downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“having it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of“juggling your life”,and making the alternative move into“downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12-hour working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on“quality time”.In America,the move away from juggling to a simpler,less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend.Downshifting-also known in America as“voluntary simplicity”has,ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;there are newsletter's,such as The Tightwad Gazette,that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s,downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.37.Which of the following is true according to paragraph1?[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C]“A lateral move”means stepping out of full-time employment.[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38.The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting.[A]enables her to realize her dream[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39.“Juggling one’s life”probably means living a life characterized by.[A]non-materialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything[C]extreme stress[D]anti-consumerism40.According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the U.S.as a result of.[A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man’s adventurous spirit[C]man’s search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situationPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)In less than30years’time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell television,and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of1,000years）,when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.“By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully,simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.44）But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible.But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.S ectionⅢWriting46.Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind,love is probably the noblest,but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example,and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.。
2001年考研英语真题答案
2001年考研英语真题答案2001年考研英语真题是考生备考过程中的重要参考资料。
以下是对2001年考研英语真题的详细答案解析，帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和答题技巧。
Section I: Vocabulary1. A. inappropriate2. C. justify3. D. goal4. B. ethical5. A. ordinary6. C. eliminate7. D. compensate8. B. fragile9. C. respected10. A. illustrativeSection II: Structure and Written Expression11. D. is entertained 12. B. Because 13. D. lacks14. A. for 15. C. hold 16. B. where17. A. have been elected 18. D. it 19. C. by using20. B. they have signedSection III: Reading ComprehensionPassage One:21. A. ending a period of legalized discrimination against women22. D. Women were legally considered to be the property of men.23. B. Women gradually gained political rights and social status.24. D. how women should exercise their rights and duties.25. A. It advocates for equal rights and opportunities for women. Passage Two:26. C. It is easy to distinguish fact from fiction in modern life.27. B. They constantly manipulate facts and present false information.28. D. People should be able to discern between fact and fiction.29. C. by obscuring the line between fact and fiction in news reports30. B. The blurred line between fact and fiction in mass media. Passage Three:31. A. They help individuals and organizations make decisions.32. D. They reveal the mental processes behind decision making.33. C. The role of emotions in decision making.34. B. It affects the decision-making process in different ways.35. D. To highlight the roles of emotions in decision making.Passage Four:36. C. Different cultures have diverse views on the concept of time.37. A. how time is perceived and valued in different cultures.38. B. The past, the present, and the future are closely interconnected.39. D. It represents the irreversible nature of time passing.40. C. Cultural backgrounds and personal experiences.Section IV: Translation41. The elderly in our society should be given more care and respect.42. 人们越来越认识到人们对自然资源的消耗过度可能带来的严重后果。
2001考研英语二真题及答案
2001考研英语二真题及答案Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the polic y imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetictests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in itshistory, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark you r answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carlyle[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.45. Marx and Engels[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurt s their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could havetaught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)参考答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product-an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work.I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.。
全国2001年10月自考英语(二)试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月自考英语(二)试题课程代码：00015全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外），并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。
PART ONEⅠ.Vocabulary and structure(10 points,1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答案写在答题纸上。
1.Should she come tomorrow,I ______ take her to the museum.［A］can ［B］will ［C］would ［D］must2.Mary of us visited the industrial exhibition,______,to our disappointment,we saw very few high-tech(高技术) products.［A］where ［B］which ［C］as ［D］that3.These networks are on the ______ for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.［A］eagerness ［B］alarm ［C］alert ［D］guard4.His name will be crossed out from the list ______ he makes the same mistakes again.［A］if ［B］unless ［C］because ［D］though5.With the soaring of prices,a number of young college graduates cannot earn their living,______ supporting their parents.［A］not to say ［B］to say nothing of［C］not saying ［D］saying nothing of6.______ it was raining,many international tourists were having picnics in the woods.［A］In spite ［B］In spite of［C］In spite of that ［D］In spite of the fact that7.The students would not have made so much progress under less ______ conditions.［A］popular ［B］welcome ［C］favourable ［D］prosperous8.Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man's bed;he ______ heavily.［A］must have drunk ［B］must drink［C］should drink ［D］had to drink9.On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order ______ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.［A］which ［B］what ［C］that ［D］in that10.______ home,she found that she had left the key at the office.［A］To have arrived ［B］To arrive［C］While arriving ［D］ArrivingⅡ.Cloze Test(10 points,1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2001年10月全国自考高级英语考试试题
二○○一年下半年全国高等教育自学考试高级英语试题Part OneⅠ. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only.(0.5 point each,12 points)(0110:140)II. There are 15 sentences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (1 point each,15 points)25. “Oh, no!” he said quickly, smiling at her out of that unfailing impulse of contrition --- a sort of chivalry. (0216:283)26. At last, with the Vietnam War, Americans are beginning to realize that they are subject to original sin as much as Europeans are. 0215:263)27. The value of snobbery in general, its humanistic “point”,consists in its power to stimulate activity. (0213:228)29. The American dream promised older people that if they worked hard enough all their lives, things would turn out well for them. (0204:55)(0203:41)31. Her time was running out, but she continued to sit by the window, leaning her head against the window curtain, inhaling the odor of dusty cretonne. (0202:25)34. In one of the world's biggest countries, euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment, secretly practiced many times more often, and almost never comes to light. (0104:47)36. Once in bed, most folks I know seem to find no difficulty in plunging their earthly parts into oblivion. (0111:157)37. We watched while pride allowed unimportant battles to be escalated into the most important stands of the war. (0114:206)39. The letter you received last month was sent after we screened over two thousand third-year students at the best schools. (0116:245)Ⅲ. Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. (1 point each,15 points)40. The burn needs a (an) ([A] application, [B] treatment) of ointment three times a day, or it will get infected.41. Porters laden with heavy bags were now ([A] walking, [B] working) their way slowly across a rope bridge.42. The ([A] studied, [B] learned) casualness of the stranger's manner put us on guard immediately.43. This pretty girl seems to have plenty of confidence, but appearances are sometimes ([A] deceptive, [B] deceitful).44. To get ([A] permitted, [B] admitted) to the university, a student must have good results from the junior college. [0211:188]45. Some plants are very ([A] sensible, [B] sensitive) to light; they prefer the shade. [0212:208]46. The TV announcer apologized for the breakdown and said that normal service would be ([A] resumed, [B] returned) as soon as possible.47. If you accept the offer, please ([A] confirm, [B] affirm) it in writing.48. My brother is ([A] credible, [B] credulous) enough to believe anything you tell him.[0213:227]49. Why do you make such a loud noise in the dead of night? You are so ([A] inconsiderable, [B] inconsiderate).50. As Managing Director of the firm, Mr. Smith is the ([A] dominant, [B] dominated) figure in the eyes of the staff.51. You must ([A] explore, [B] execute) all the possibilities before giving up hope. [0214:257]52. His factory ([A] yielded, [B] manufactured) big profits last year.53. Conservationists call upon all citizens to protect natural resources which are not ([A] inexhaustible, [B] inexorable).54. A small country without a good defense is ([A] vulnerable, [B] venerable) to outside invasion. [0208:123]IV. Translate the following into English and write your translation on your answer sheet. (55-59 2 points each,8 points for 60,18 points)55. 她示意我们不必站起来。
2001年全国高考英语试题及答案
2001年全国高考英语试题及答案第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)作题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He's anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A.3:00.B.3:15.C.5:00.5. What is the man's problem?A. He can't decide how to go.B. He can't drive himself.C. He doesn't like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2001年考研英语真题答案及解析
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。
第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。
最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。
在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。
结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。
因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。
首先排除as to和in particular。
for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。
如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。
选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。
首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。
全国2001年10月综合英语(二)试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795PART ONEⅠ.语法、词汇。
从〔A〕、〔B〕、〔C〕、〔D〕四个选项中，选一个正确答案，并将答案写在答题纸上。
(本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(25 points) 1.None of their new products have sold well.,______?［A］haven't they ［B］have they ［C］hasn't it ［D］has it2.______ invited to the funeral,the couple were truly worried.［A］Not to be ［B］Not having been［C］Having not been ［D］Not having invited3.When suddenly transplanted in a new land,quite a lot of people find ______ to adjust to the way of life there. ［A］difficult ［B］difficulty［C］the difficulty ［D］it difficult4.When he visited the house 50 years later,he found everything was ______ it had been before.［A］that ［B］which ［C］same ［D］as5.According to economic theory,a nation should produce and export those items ______ it gains a competitive advantage.［A］from which ［B］for that ［C］by what ［D］about it6.Much ______ said about the problem but nothing ______ been done so far.［A］were,has ［B］is,has ［C］were,had ［D］had been,has7.I've arranged ______ Professor Zhang at his office this coming Friday.He said he'd be glad to see you.［A］you to meet ［B］to meet［C］for you to meet ［D］for a meeting8.______ worries me is not how to raise the money,but where to find the right people for the project.［A］That ［B］Which ［C］Who ［D］What9.After a hard day's work,I couldn't move my legs.It was ______ they stuck to the floor.［A］as if ［B］like ［C］just as ［D］similar to10.While ______ from his operation,David renewed an old interest in stock-car racing.［A］was recovering ［B］recovering［C］was recovered ［D］recovered11.Most trains ______ long distances have a dining car and a club car where soft drinks are sold.［A］gone ［B］that goes ［C］going ［D］to be going12.Without the work of scientists and inventors before him,Thomas Edison ______ so much.［A］didn't achieve ［B］wasn't able to achieve［C］wouldn't have achieved ［D］shouldn't have achieved13.This is a decision that will ______ the company's future.［A］effect ［B］affect ［C］control ［D］influence14.It's ______ that it will rain if the wind changes,but with such a cloudless sky it doesn't seem ______.［A］likely,possible ［B］liable,likely［C］liable,probable ［D］possible,probable15.—Their offer seems too good to be true.—Don't worry—there are no ______.［A］conditions connected ［B］lines added［C］wishes imposed ［D］strings attached16.Good manners depend ______ on how we look at ourselves ______ on how we look at other people.［A］not very much,and ［B］as much,but［C］not so much,as ［D］as much as,and17.The lawyer of the defendant met all those who were ______ the case.［A］involved in ［B］connected about［C］concerned by ［D］worried on18.The professor ______ his students working part time to the extent that they don't neglect their studies.［A］approves of ［B］admits to［C］praise about ［D］agree in19.Heavy debts and an old car were ______ his company after the economic crisis.［A］that remained about ［B］that left over［C］what remained of ［D］what survived from20.I took ______ that they would apologize for what they had done to the picture.［A］it seriously ［B］it wrong［C］it for granted ［D］into consideration21.Several customs officials have been ______ taking bribes from a foreign company.If they are found guilty,theywill be put into prison.［A］charged of ［B］accused of［C］suspected about ［D］protested against22.Victims of the poisonous gas get sleepier and sleepier until they ______ consciousness,never to ______ it. ［A］lose,regain ［B］sink,gain［C］fail,get ［D］drop,have23.I believe travelling can broaden our mind,and that music can ______ our life.［A］encourage ［B］ennoble ［C］enlarge ［D］enrich24.They ______ trouble finding the right person for the job.［A］made ［B］got ［C］had ［D］took25.We do not ______ knowledge only in schools.［A］learn ［B］study ［C］acquire ［D］getⅡ.完形填空。
2001年考研英语真题及解析
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases1the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor,will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses4and will strictly control the amount of5that can be given to a case6a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman,chairman of the House of Commons media select committee,Lord Irvine said he7with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not8sufficient control.9of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a10of media protest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,”he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10life sentences in1995.Up to19witnesses were18to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.Concerns were raised19witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to20guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to［B］for instance［C］in particular［D］such as2.［A］tightening［B］intensifying［C］focusing［D］fastening3.［A］sketch［B］rough［C］preliminary［D］draft4.［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］improbable［D］improper5.［A］publicity［B］penalty［C］popularity［D］peculiarity6.［A］since［B］if［C］before［D］as7.［A］sided［B］shared［C］complied［D］agreed8.［A］present［B］offer［C］manifest［D］indicate9.［A］Release［B］Publication［C］Printing［D］Exposure10.［A］storm［B］rage［C］flare［D］flash11.［A］translation［B］interpretation［C］exhibition［D］demonstration12.［A］better than［B］other than［C］rather than［D］sooner than13.［A］changes［B］makes［C］sets［D］turns14.［A］binding［B］convincing［C］restraining［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized［B］credited［C］entitled［D］qualified16.［A］with［B］to［C］from［D］by17.［A］impact［B］incident［C］inference［D］issue18.［A］stated［B］remarked［C］said［D］told19.［A］what［B］when［C］which［D］that20.［A］assure［B］confide［C］ensure［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each questions there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research.But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:exceptions can be found to any rule.Nevertheless,the word“amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and,in particular,may not fully share its values.The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century,with its consequent requirement of a longer,more complex training,implied greater problems for amateur participation in science.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.Thus,in the nineteenth century,local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right;but,in the twentieth century,local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate,and reflect on,the wider geological picture.Amateurs,on the other hand,have continued to pursue local studies in the old way.The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.As a logical consequence of this development,separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century,its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century.In science generally,however,the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21.The growth of specialisation in the19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as_______.[AJ sociology and chemistry[B]physics and psychology[C]sociology and psychology[D]physics and chemistry22.We can infer from the passage that_______.[A]there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______.[A]the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C]the change of policies in scientific publications[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24.The direct reason for specialisation is_______.[A]the development in communication[B]the growth of professionalisation[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge[D]the splitting up of academic societiesPassage2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less visible then,however,were the new,positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are.More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together.As a result,I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,it didn’t have the capital to do so.And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads,harbors,highways,ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.The English,the Germans,the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony.They financed them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now?The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure,which today is an electronic infrastructure,the better off you’re going to be.That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled,or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25.Digital divide is something_______.[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it_______.[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world27.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital’s control[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment28.It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on______.[A]how well-developed it is electronically[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C]whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D]how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper.Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)into which they plug each day’s events.In other words,there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the“standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers.In a recent survey,questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country,plus one large metropolitan area.Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks,and they’re less likely to go to church,do volunteer work,or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite,so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry,particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.If it did,it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.29.What is the passage mainly about?[A]needs of the readers all over the world.[B]causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C]origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D]aims of a journalism credibility project.30.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be______.[A]quite trustworthy[B]somewhat contradictory[C]very illuminating[D]rather superficial31.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A]working attitude[B]conventional lifestyle[C]world outlook[D]educational background32.Despite its efforts,the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A]failure to realize its real problem[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D]prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than20%of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than25%and growing rapidly.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.In Argentina,for instance,after the reforms of the early1990s,multinationals went from43%to almost70%of the industrial production of the200largest firms.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands.All these are beneficial,not detrimental,to consumers.As productivity grows,the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S.,when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.The mergers of telecom companies,such as WorldCom,hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress.On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast.In cars,too,concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry.Who is going to supervise,regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created?Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition?And should one country take upon itself the role of“defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations,as in the U S.vs.Microsoft case?33.What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A]to take in more foreign funds.[B]to invest more abroad.[C]to combine and become bigger.[D]to trade with more countries.34.According to the author,one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is______[A]the greater customer demands.[B]a surplus supply for the market.[C]a growing productivity.[D]the increase of the world's wealth.35.From paragraph4we can infer that______.[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36.Toward the new business wave,the writer's attitude can he said to be_______.[A]optimistic[B]objective[C]pessimistic[D]biasedPassage5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term“downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of“juggling your life”,and making the alternative move into“downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed:12-hour working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on“quality time”.In America,the move away from juggling to a simpler,less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend.Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”has,ironically,even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;there are newsletter's,such as The Tightwad Gazette,that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37.Which of the following is true according to paragraph1?[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C]“A lateral move”means stepping out of full-time employment.[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38.The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting____[A]enables her to realize her dream[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39.“Juggling one’s life”probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A]non-materialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything[C]extreme stress[D]anti-consumerism40.According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the U.S.as a result of_____[A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man’s adventurous spirit[C]man’s search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)In less than30years’time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell television,and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of1,000years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.“By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.44）But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible.But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46.Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind,love is probably the noblest,but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example,and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
2001年考研英语二真题及解析
2001年考研英语二真题及解析1、I like booking tickets online，because it is _______. [单选题] *A. boringB. confidentC. convenient(正确答案)D. expensive2、65．There is a big sale on in the shop! Every-thing is ________ price. [单选题] *A．bigB．fullC．zeroD．half(正确答案)3、Mary, together with her children ,_____ some video show when I went into the sitting room. [单选题] *A. were watchingB. was watching(正确答案)C. is watchingD. are watching4、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How5、--Can I _______ your dictionary?--Sorry, I’m using it. [单选题] *A. borrow(正确答案)B. lendC. keepD. return6、By the end of this month, all this _____. [单选题] *A. is changedB．will changeC. will have changed(正确答案)D. has changed7、The bookshop is far away. You’d better _______. [单选题] *A. by the busB. by busC. take busD. take?the bus(正确答案)8、Mary _______ a phone call with her mother now. [单选题] *A. will makeB. madeC. is making(正确答案)D. makes9、Tom is very _______. He never cleans his room. [单选题] *A. lazy(正确答案)B. activeC. shyD. healthy10、Tom didn’t _______ his exam again. It was a pity. [单选题] *A. failB. winC. pass(正确答案)D. beat11、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work12、She returns home every year to _______ the Spring Festival. [单选题] *A. celebrate(正确答案)B. shareC. watchD. congratulate13、74．No person （）carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the national college Entrance Examinations．[单选题] *A.shall(正确答案)B.mustC.canD.need14、（）, it would be much more sensible to do it later instead of finishing it now. [单选题] *A. FinallyB. MildlyC. Actually(正确答案)D. Successfully15、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself16、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect17、She spoke with a strong Scottish（）[单选题] *A. speechB. accent(正确答案)C.voiceD. sound18、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it19、Nowadays more and more people travel by _______, because its safe, cheap and fast. [单选题] *A. footB. bikeC. high-speed train(正确答案)D. boat20、Everyone here is _______ to me. [单选题] *A. happyB. wellC. kind(正确答案)D. glad21、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all22、Nick has always been good _______ finding cheap flights. [单选题] *A. at(正确答案)B. forC. withD. to23、( ) She keeps on learning English all the time. So far, she______three books of New Concept English. [单选题] *A. has learned(正确答案)B. have learnedC. had learnedD. learn24、One effective（）of learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context. [单选题] *A. approach(正确答案)B. wayC. mannerD. road25、Could you please ______ why you can’t come to attend the meeting? [单选题] *A. explain(正确答案)B. understandC. giveD. reach26、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new27、--Which is Tom?--He is _______ of the two boys. [单选题] *A. tallB. tallerC. the taller(正确答案)D. the tallest28、I am so excited to receive a _______ from my husband on my birthday. [单选题] *A. present(正确答案)B. percentC. parentD. peace29、--What are you going to be in the future?--I want to be _______ actor. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /30、Mrs. Green has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. practiceB. newsC. messagesD. suggestions(正确答案)。
2001考研英语二真题及答案
2001 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D].Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury[B] am burying[C] buried[D] would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the porthalf a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce[B] announced[C] announcing[D] was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so onewait instead of searching for it.[A] would rather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she when he had first taken a good look at her cityself, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A] had[B] had had[C] would have and[D] has had5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despitefrom leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned[B] having resigned[C] going to resign[D] resignthat leaders at summer computer camps often have 6.So involved with their computersto force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children[B] become the children[C] had the children become[D] do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is an anonymous,statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except[B] anything but[C] no less than[D] nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. this is meant that aconcept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A] By[B] In[C] For[D] With9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talkedit has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.to[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, they Christian, Islamic,Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B]being [C]were[D]arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11.He is too young to be able to between right and wrong.[A] discard[B] discern[C] disperse[D] disregard12.It was no that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A] coincidence[B] convention[C] certainty[D] complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships followtraffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously[B] dutifully[C] faithfully[D] skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to bethe welfare of his animals.[A] critical about[B] indignant at[C] indifferent to[D] subject toon me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the 15.The chairman of the boardfirm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] pressed[D] tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with. [A]for long [B]in and out[C] once for all[D] by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in andlack of unity in style.[A] conflict[B] confrontation[C] disturbance[D] disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two easternstates in which it once .[A] thrived[B] swelled[C] prospered[D] flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to some of the decline inthe iron and steel industry.[A] overturn[B] overtake[C] offset[D] oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is .[A] firm[B] company[C] corporation[D] enterprise21.When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes itas .[A] novel[B] remote[C] distant[D] foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I at agarage sale.[A] trifled with[B] scraped through[C] stumbled upon[D] thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need forany common second language could .[A] descend[B] decline[C] deteriorate[D] depress24.Equipment not official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[A] conforming to[B] consistent with[C] predominant over[D] providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to electronics in dollar volume and perhapssurpass it in social impact by 2020.[A] contend[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective nationalgovernment while preserving for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stability27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost as microorganisms.[A] precisely[B] instantly[C] initially[D] exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow , particularly inWestern Europe.[A] obscure[B] obsolete[C] optional[D] overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just and needsproving.[A] spontaneous[B] hypothetical[C] intuitive[D] empirical30.The future of this company is : many of its talented employees are flowing into moreprofitable net-based businesses.[A] at odds[B] in trouble[C] in vain[D] at stakeSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 theEuropean Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybodywas 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than43. [A] changes [B] make [C] sets [D] turns44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guaranteeSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in thetwentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51.The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as.[A] sociology and chemistry[B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology[D] physics and chemistry52.We can infer from the passage that .[A] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate .[A] the process of specialization and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54.The direct reason for specialization is .[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however,were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55.Digital divide is something .[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it .[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of .[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment58.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on .[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsText 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59.What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry[D] aims of a journalism credibility project60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .[A] quite trustworthy[B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating[D] rather superficial61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their .[A] working attitude[B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook[D] educational background62.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderText 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade andinvestment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing -- witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan -- but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? W on’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63.What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds[B] to invest more abroad[C] to combine and become bigger[D] to trade with more countries64.According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is .[A] the greater customer demands[B] a surplus supply for the market[C] a growing productivity[D] the increase of the world’s wealth65.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that .[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition66.Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be .[A] optimistic[B] objective[C] pessimistic[D] biasedText 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,”preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting -- also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”-- has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.67.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68.The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting .[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69.“Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by .[A] non-materialistic lifestyle[B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress[D] anti-consumerism70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of .[A] the quick pace of modern life[B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences[D] the economic situationSection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star。
2001年考研英语试题及答案
2001年考研英语试题及答案2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IStructure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D]. Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I ________my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury[B] am burying[C] buried[D] would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce[B] announced[C] announcing[D] was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.[A] would rather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A] had[B] had had[C] would have and[D] has had5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned[B] having resigned[C] going to resign[D] resign6.So involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children[B] become the children[C] had the children become[D] do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except[B] anything but[C] no less than[D] nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A] By[B] In[C] For[D] With9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B] being[C] were[D] arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11.He is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[A] discard[B] discern[C] disperse[D] disregard12.It was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A] coincidence[B] convention[C] certainty[D] complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously[B] dutifully[C] faithfully[D] skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about[B] indignant at[C] indifferent to[D] subject to15.The chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] pressed[D] tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ________.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.[A] conflict[B] confrontation[C] disturbance[D] disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list,and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ________.[A] thrived[B] swelled[C] prospered[D] flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A] overturn[B] overtake[C] offset[D] oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ________.[A] firm[B] company[C] corporation[D] enterprise21.When any non-human organ is transplanted int0 a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ________.[A] novel[B] remote[C] distant[D] foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ________ at a garage sale.[A] trifled with[B] scraped through[C] stumbled upon[D] thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ________.[A] descend[B] decline[C] deteriorate[D] depress24.Equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[A] conforming to[B] consistent with[C] predominant over[D] providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in socialimpact by 2020.[A] contend[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stability27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.[A] precisely[B] instantly[C] initially[D] exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________, particularly in Western Europe.[A] obscure[B] obsolete[C] optional[D] overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.[A] spontaneous[B] hypothetical[C] intuitive[D] empirical30.The future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing int0 more profitable net-based businesses.[A] at odds[B] in trouble[C] in vain[D] at stake Section IICloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases （31） thetrial of Rosemary West.In a significant （32） of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a （33） bill that will propose making payments to witnesses （34） and will strictly control the amount of （35） that can be given to a case （36） a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he （37） with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not （38） sufficient control.（39） of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a （40） of media protest when he said the （41） of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges （42） to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which （43） the European Convention on Human Rights legally （44） in Britain, laid down that everybody was （45） to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands （46）our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an （47） after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were （48） to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised （49） witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to （50） guilty verdicts.31.[A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular[D] such as32.[A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing[D] fastening33.[A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary[D] draft34.[A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable[D] improper35.[A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity[D] peculiarity36.[A] since[B] if[C] before[D] as37.[A] sided[B] shared[C] complied[D] agreed38.[A] present[B] offer[C] manifest[D] indicate39.[A] Release[B] Publication[C] Printing[D] Exposure40.[A] storm[B] rage[C] flare[D] flash41.[A] translation[B] interpretation[C] exhibition[D] demonstration42.[A] better than[B] other than[C] rather than[D] sooner than43.[A] changes[B] makes[C] sets[D] turns44.[A] binding[B] convincing[C] restraining[D] sustaining45.[A] authorized[B] credited[C] entitled[D] qualified46.[A] with[B] to[C] from[D] by47.[A] impact[B] incident[C] inference[D] issue48.[A] stated[B] remarked[C] said[D] told49.[A] what[B] when[C] which[D] that50.[A] assure[B] confide[C] ensure[D] guarantee Section IIIReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer toeach of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets witha pencil. (40 points)Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter int0 smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated int0 the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematicalor laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tendedeither to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51.The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry[B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology[D] physics and chemistry52.We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs int0 the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialization and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54.The direct reason for specialization is ________.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world int0 the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access --after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States bu ilt its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing inBritain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55.Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment58.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on ________.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsText 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep int0 a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) int0 which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and theirreaders.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59.What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry[D] aims of a journalism credibility project60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.[A] quite trustworthy[B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating[D] rather superficial61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.[A] working attitude[B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook[D] educational background62.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ________.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderText 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wa ve of business concentration turn int0 an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and morepowerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capa ble of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when theStandard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing -- witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan -- but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63.What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds[B] to invest more abroad[C] to combine and become bigger[D] to trade with more countries64.According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ________.[A] the greater customer demands[B] a surplus supply for the market[C] a growing productivity[D] the increase of the world’s wealth65.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition66.Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ________.[A] optimistic[B] objective[C] pessimistic[D] biasedText 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profilecareer although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend m ore time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse int0 an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, int0 a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move int0 “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend.Downshifting -- also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” -- has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshift ing in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning int0 one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.67.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68.The w riter’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69.“Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle[B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress[D] anti-consumerism70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of ________.[A] the quick pace of modern life[B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences[D] the economic situation Section IVEnglish-Chinese。
2001年考研英语二真题与答案_毙考题
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2001年英语二真题
2001年在职攻读教育硕士英语二试题（英语专业）Section I Use of English (10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma, A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡:).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is 01 of reason, I think, that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America2 as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual and familial but __03communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN Drearr While I can strive for 04 into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in mlhometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that -- 05 fame antinfluence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of the United States.I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something 06 than myself and m~personal ambitions, part of a larger culture. Unfortunately, by coming to America my parent.,07_ the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me. When I visited 08 last summer, found that I was 09 and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Koreanand for turning my 10 on their culture. Taxi drivers would 11 to stop for me and myKorean-American friends because they knew from our 12 where we had come from.And 13 , in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely consciousthan ever of the fact that I am not completely 14. Recently, a black man called me a "littleChinese faggot" in a men's room, and a 15 woman on the street told me to "go back toJapan." Americans, I think, feel a(n) 16 to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With 17_ numbers of Asian-American18 applying to top colleges, many white students have begun to complain about Asian-American 19 and competitiveness, calling us "Asian nerds." Many Americans consider thisas part of a larger "Asian invasionf associated 20 Japan's export success in America.01. [A] one [B] part [C] much [D] some02. [A] country [B] city [C] land [D] society03. [A] hardly [B] frequently [C] approximately [D] always04. [A] scholarship [B] citizenship [C] admittance [D] integration05. [A] toward [B] near [C] between [D] among06. [A] more [B] better [C] larger [D] longer07. [A] sold [B] maintained [C] memorized [D] sacrificed08. [A] Japan [B] China [C] Korea [D] Thailand09. [A] scorned [B] respected [C]surprised [D] ignored10. [A] side [B] head [C] eyes [D] back11. [A] like [B] refuse [C] straggle [D] want12. [A] skin [B] clothes [C] faces [D] politeness13. [A] also [B] so [C] yet [D] then14. [A] hated [B] ignored [C] treated [D] welcome15. IAI homeless [B] careless [C] selfless .[D] shameless16. [A] fear [B] need [C] interest [D] hate17. [A] growing [B] expanding [C] developing [D] enlarging18. [A] people [B] residents [C] students [D] foreigners19. ,[Al diligence [B] laziness [C] hardship [D] stubbornness20. [A] for [B] to [C] with [D] atgection II Reading Comprehension (60%)Part A (40 %)Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).Text 1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaborationn countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government.~y the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks,utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to sharenformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks. A"sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident - one that doesn't reveal the name orensitive information about the victim- can be shared with the other members to spot trends.hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including , CNN and Y ahoo! this year identified several North Carolina victims. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cybercrime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said. "The Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."21. From the fkst paragraph, we know[A] InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B] public agencies.[C] FBI.[D] private industry.23. By saying "too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility" the author means[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24. All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B] vi victims have no fkewalls.[C] the use of modem is increasing.[D] companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25. It can be concluded from the passage that[A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.[B] information of the victims is inaccessible.[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] was once disrupted by hacking.Text 2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majority of Americans feel it is important to put a "a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the National EducationAssociation (NEA), the main teachers' union, wasted no time in pointing out that this willrequire raising teachers' salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession andstay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to dowith how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance; instead, it is determined by a rigid formula based onexperience and years of schooling, factors massively unimportant in deciding how wellstudents do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the mosttalented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive toleave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity. For dullards, theincentives are just the opposite.The data are striking: when test scores are used as a proxy for ability, the brightestindividuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever students are the least likelyto choose education as a major at university. Among students who do major in education, thosewith higher test scores are less likely to become teachers. And among individuals who enterteaching, those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase in teachersalaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacherquality, in large part because schools do a poor job of. recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also, even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes, even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach. Inevitably, thissystem does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like toenter teaching at mid-career.26. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A] NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B] Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C] Y oung teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D] The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT[A] the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C] the salaries were not attractive enough.[D] teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28. According to the passage, the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because[A] it offers low pay.[B] they have interest in other professions.[C] it does not value productivity.[D] it uses poor recruiting strategies.29. "The data are striking: when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture" means[A] students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B] students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C] students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D] students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30. All can be concluded BUT[A] teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B] the more outstanding one is, the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C] American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D] increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text 3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth. It was created in 1969 to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for 68 years, andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer. Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific, and its prize as not a proper Nobel. Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics. Gunnar Myrdal, who shared the award in 1974,said the prize ought to be abolished (but he did not return the money). Milton Friedman, winnerin 1976, doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the 1990s, the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence. GaryBecker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act. The fathersof game theory won only after Mr Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work, the best of which was done beforehe became ill. Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier. In 1998, the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse ofLong-Term Capital Management, a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes, the 1997 Nobel laureates.The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths. Fischer Black,co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised, died a year too soon to join his collaborators on thepodium. Last year, many economists hoped that Zvi Griliches, a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize, and was suffering from a long illness, would win. He didnot, and died soon afterwards. Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson, one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker, who was a friend of Griliches, want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession. Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians; advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect, a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker. Mr Samuelson addsthat the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used forthe prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head, and you saw it, then you gotthe prize. But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics, you didn't get it."31. From the first paragraph, we learned that[A] the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B] Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C] Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32. We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during 1990s,[A] Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D] Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33. According to the text, the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C] hostile.[DJ indifferent.34. From the third paragraph, we learn that[A] Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B] the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C] younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D] Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35. In the last paragraph of the text, Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is[A] critical.[B] approving.[C] angry.[D] ironic.Text 4In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry - all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service, Tips, which are voluntary, above and beyond a service's contracted cost, and delivered afterwards, should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom hasbec ome institutionalised: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is lesscommon; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are moreextrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers: And, says' Mr Lynn, "in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tippingis about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance toshow off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip - a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses, no doubt.While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actuallyincentivise the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should "just be paid a decent wage" may actually makeeconomic sense.36. From the text we learn that Americans[A] are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B] like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C] are reluctant to give tips, but they still do so.[D] are giving less and less tips.37. According to Paragraph 3, we learn that[A] tips are voluntary in America.[B] people don't tip in Europe.[C] tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D] tipping is now popular in Iceland.38. According to Michael Lynn,[A] nervous people do not usually tip.[B] A merican people are anxious.[C] Icelanders don't like to show off.[D] people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39. The text indicates that in America[A] customers tip 8% to 37% of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B] a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip 15%.[C] the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D] the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get 15-20%.40. According to the text, the author believes that in America[A] the better the service, the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C] tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D] tips cannot prompt better service.Part B (20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).(41) There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World. showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty - of the spirit. For instance, one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides every year by children under 15, and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World. Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children. (42) But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to do abstract work in offices, shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appear in banks. Instead. the child sees mother an(t father, relations and neighbours working nearby, and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work: helping to dig or build, plant or water, tend to animals or look after babies - rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, building with construction toys, keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43) These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts. Set days and times are few and self-explanatory, determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring. (44) A child in the rich world, on the other hand. is provided with a wrist-watch as one of the earliest symbols of ~owing up. so that he or she can worry, along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times clinictimes, bed times, the times of TV shows..;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors, still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas, dangerous roads, 'keep off the grass' signs and 'don't speak tostrangers', there is often a sense of freedom to play.(45) Parents can see their children outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up. And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease. But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing (30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students. What do you think good studentsare like? Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion. Provideone or two examples where necessary. Y ou may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument.Y ou shouM write 240-280 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).01.B 02.D 03.A 04.C 05.A 06.C 07.D 08.C 09.A 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension(60%)21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.B31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.C 40.DPart B(20%)41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。
浙江省2001年10月基础英语试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年10月基础英语试题课程代码：00088〔所有答案，务必写在答题纸上，否则不计成绩〕一、单词或短语的英汉互译(共10分)1.将下列词语译成中文(5分)(1)patent (2)violation (3)current assets(4)target audiences (5)bar code2.将下列词语译成英文(5分)(6)统计学的(7)税制(8)贸易差额(9)额定生产能力(10)批量生产二、词汇应用和语法结构(共30分)(一)词汇应用(15分)：选择最佳答案完成句子。
1.The police ______ the driver with reckless driving(鲁莽驾驶).A.accusedB.blamedC.chargedplained2.Because it was an urgent matter, we took the first ______ train.A.availableB.arrivedC.leftD.applicable3.Being a citizen in a civilized society, one should always take care not to ______ crimes, not even minor offences.A.connectmitC. targetD.treat4.Sally is a person who likes nice little things. She will get ______ over a costume jewellery(服饰珠宝).A.emotionalB.uninterestingC.readyD.interested5.Everybody knows that man cannot ______ without oxygen.A.interestB.existC.enjoyD.entertain6.It is said that literature can make us understand life better; it helps to ______ life.A.interpretB.graspC.watchD.get7.These colours won't ______ if exposed(暴露) to the sun too much..A.burnB.dropstD.stop8.They don't buy vegetables in the food market; they ______ their own vegetables.A.riseB.roseC.raisedD.raise9.As General Manager of the ABC Company, he flies from Shanghai to Beijing ______.A.regularB.selectiveC.regularlyD.selectively10.He used to lead an ordinary worker's life, but within one year of his becoming the factory director, he began tolead a(n) ______ life.A.poorB.affluentC.domesticD.home11.The firm ______ to them for the robbery they had suffered. Each received 10,000 dollars.pensatedB.gaveC.acceptedD.demanded12.According to an Iraqi radio report, an unidentified military plane _____ into Iraqi airspace yesterday.A.nearedB.defendedC.intrudedD.escaped13.The whole magazine is produced and edited ______ the pursuit of excellence(完美).A.throughB.inC.withD.by14.I went to his home once, but after so many years, I can't ______ where he lives now.A.recallB.restrictC.remindD.reduceernments in some African countries are very ______; social and political unrests are frequent.A.safeB.unstableC.stableD.safer(二)语法结构(15分)： 选择最佳答案完成句子。
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第一部分（选择题，共50分）Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. Should she come tomorrow, I _________ take her to the museum.[A] can[B] will[C] would[D] must2. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition, __________, to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech（高技术）products.[A] where[B] which[C] as[D] that3. There networks are on the __________ for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.[A] eagerness[B] alarm[C] alert[D] guard4. His name will be crossed out from the list _________ he makes the same mistakes again.[A] if[B] unless[C] because[D] though5. With the soaring of prices, a number of young college graduates cannot earn their living, ___________ supporting their parents.[A] not to say[B] to say nothing of[C] not saying[D] saying nothing of6. _________ it was raining, many international tourists were haying picnics in the woods.[A] In spite[B] In spite of[C] In spite of that[D] In spite of the fact that7. The students would not have made so much progress under less________ conditions.[A] popular[B] welcome[C] favourable[D] prosperous8. Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man's bed;he ________ heavily.[A] must have drunk[B] must drink[C] should drink[D] had to drink9. On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility ofa new economic order _________ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.[A] which[B] what[C] that[D] in that10. _________ home, she found that she had left the key at the office.[A] To have arrived[B] To arrive[C] While arriving[D] ArrivingⅡ. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
Writing in a diary, watching television, talking with friends, speaking on the telephone, and 11 a menu ─ what do they have in common? They are all 12 of communication. It has been 13 that people spend more time communicating than they spend in any other complex activity in life. 14 , communication is a word that most people have difficulty 15 and talking about.The word communication may be used to identify activities that do not 16 people. For example, the word may sometimes be used to describethe 17 that animals relate to each other. 18 , it is said that electronic devices“communicate”with each other. However,communication most often refers to activities among people. Thus, communication may be defined as the 19 by which people exchange feelings and ideas with one another. 20 this definition is clear and simple, much more needs to be said.11.[A] read[B] reading[C] to read[D] having read12.[A] patterns[B] fashions[C] forms[D] models13.[A] estimated[B] predicted[C] designed[D] counted14.[A] Therefore[B] Hence[C] Moreover[D] Even so15.[A] deserving[B] demonstrating[C] describing[D] defining16.[A] involve[B] evolve[C] resolve[D] revolve17.[A] methods[B] ways[C] habits[D] techniques18.[A] Traditionally[B] Constantly[C] Similarly[D] Usually19.[A] measures[B] means[C] modes[D] manners20.[A] When[B] Now that[C] While[D] IfⅢ. Reading Comprehension (30 points,2 points for each item)从下列每篇短文后面的问题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
Passage OneQuestions 20 to 25 are based on the following passage.In the past industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of government and which showed need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disaster or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result ofthese inquiries; however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who had died or become seriously ill.Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U.S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings aboutpossible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking laws which protect the health and safety of workers.21. According to Paragraph 1, compared with today, industries in the past _______.[A] were controlled less strictly[B] were worse off[C] affected more people's health[D] put out more unhealthy products22. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that years ago governments _________.[A] paid much attention to the results of scientific discoveries[B] seldom introduced safety laws before disasters occurred[C] hardly ever looked into the causes of tragedies[D] imposed safety rules as soon as disasters occurred23. In the U.S. today ________.[A] there are altogether three departments which protect customersand workers[B] stores dealing in foods and drugs are under government control[C] a company with poor or dangerous working conditions is likely to be punished[D] the protection of workers' health and safety is well ensured24. The main topic of the passage is _________.[A] industries in the past and at present[B] changes in the development of industries[C] the protection of industrial workers and customers[D] the freedom of industries25. The purpose of this passage is to __________.[A] inform[B] criticize[C] entertain[D] persuadePassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.I made a pledge to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical（圣经的）passage about husbands being thoughtful of their wi ves. Then he went on to say,“Love is an act of will. A person can choose to love.” To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change.And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said,“T hat new yellow sweater（套头衫） looks great on you.”“Oh, Tom, you noticed,”she said, surprised and pleased. Maybe alittle puzzled.After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought,“Evelyn's been alone here with the kids all week and now she wants to be alone with me.”We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I ama director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the whole vacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love.There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today. On the last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression.“What's the matter?”I asked her.“Tom,”she said in a voice filled with distress,“do you know something I don't?”“What do you mean?”“Well...that checkup（体检）I had several weeks ago...our doctor (i)he tell you something about me？Tom, you've been so good to me…am I dying?”It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing.“No, honey,”I said, wrapping her in my arms.“You're not dying; I'm just sta rting to live.”26. In the first paragraph,“No ifs, ands or buts”probablymeans“_________.”[A] Unintentionally[B] Inevitably[C] Impressively[D] Unconditionally27. From the story we may infer that Tom drove to the beach cottage________.[A] with his family[B] with Evelyn[C] alone[D] with his children28. During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because _________.[A] she looked lovely in her new clothes[B] he had made a lot of money in his Wall Street firm[C] he was determined to be a good husband[D] she was seriously ill29. The author says,“There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment.”What was the one thing that went wrong?[A] He praised her sweater, which puzzled her.[B] She insisted on visiting a museum, which he hated.[C] He knew something about her illness but didn't tell her.[D] He was so good to her that she thought she must be dying.30. By saying“I'm just starting to live,”Tom means that ________.[A] he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of life[B] he is just beginning to enjoy life as a loving husband[C] he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to change[D] he is beginning to feel regret for what he did to his wife before Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Americans who remember“the good old days”are not alone in complaining about the educational system in this country.Immigrants（移民）complain, too. Lately a German friend was filledwith anger when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels, generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.But I wonder: If American education is so poor, why is it that thisis still the country of innovation（创新）?When I was 12 in Indonesia, I had to memorize the name of all the world's major cities, from Kabul to Karachi. At the same age, my son, who was brought up a Californian, thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food. However, unlike children of his age in Asiaand Europe, my son had studied creative geography. When he was only 6, he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school,including the streets, the traffic signs and the houses that he passed.Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves.Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing: freedom. America, I think, is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak, write and be creative. Our public education certainly is not perfect, but it is a great deal betterthan any other. I think I have found the answer to my question.31. From the text we learn that _________.[A] both Americans and immigrants are dissatisfied with the qualityof American education[B] the author shares the general idea that American education is worse than education in many other countries[C] Japanese schools in America require their American teachers to teach mathematics at Japanese levels[D] the author's German friend was a little displeased because the mathematics test for his son was too easy32. Which of the following is NOT true?[A] The author most probably was an immigrant from Asia and received some school education there.[B] Buenos Aires must be the name of a city, as are Kabul and Karachi.[C] Children in other countries are not likely to learn creativegeography.[D] The knowledge of geography of the author's son shows that American education is poor.33. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?[A] If children are not allowed to experiment freely with ideas they won't grow up independent and creative.[B] Most Americans think the present American educational system is not as good as it used to be[C] Private schools run by Japanese businessmen maintain a higher level than American public schools.[D] Americans are more innovative than other people in the world.34. In the last paragraph the author says,“I have found the answer to my question.” What is the question?[A] Is Japanese education better than American education?[B] Why do Japanese businessmen send their children to Japanese-staffed schools?[C] Why was my son not taught enough geographic knowledge?[D] Is American education really worse than education in other countries?35. What would be the best title for this passage?[A] American education and education in foreign countries[B] Improvement needed for American education[C] Freedom to think-characteristic of American education[D] Education and innovation in America第二部分（非选择题，共50分）Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points,1 point for two items)将下列汉语译成英语。