中科院考博英语 培训资料 阅读技巧

中科院考博英语培训资料阅读技巧

阅读技巧

主题句的位置

•主题句出现的位置有以下四种情况：

•1）段首主题句经常居于段首，以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要。这个位置适用于提供信息或解释观点的段落。

•2）段末用推理方法展开段落时，主题句往往位于句末。

•3）段中（有时为了使段落多样化，主题句也可以居于段中。

•4）隐含有时候，尤其在叙述性或描写性段落中，当所有的细节都围绕着一个显而易见的主题时主题句有时不出现。

各类题型解题思路

⏹1．细节事实题：

⑴标志：题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物等细节信息

⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文

细节事实题

⏹迷惑人的手段：

①单词替换

②颠倒因果

③扩大范围

④常识判断

常见试题

⏹•1 What do we know about ．．．?

⏹•2 How many (much)．．．in this article?

⏹•3 The real cause is .

⏹•4 According to the author ，the techniques can be

used to .

⏹•5 The author states that .

⏹•6 The experiment shows that .

⏹•7 Mr. X expects (hopes ，wishes ）——.

2．例证题

⑴ 标志：case example illustration demonstration exempl ify demonstrate illustrate

⑵ 做题的关键在于：是否能找到例子支持的论点，而不在于能否看懂例子

⏹

划清“事实”与“观点”之间的界限

3．词汇题

常见试题（The phrase “…”in the context means…. The word “…” is closest in meaning to_____. As the context shows, a placebo is ________.）

⑴ 标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思

⑵ 做题的关键在于：该单词本身并不重要，重要

的是该单词的上下文

针对性解释

内在逻辑关系

外部相关因素

构词法

4．句子理解题(长句理解)

⏹⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理解其意思

⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文对出题的句子进行语法解析，要精确理解其涵义

6．推理题

⏹常见试题：What is the author’s intention in this passage? What kind of people support this topic? The primary purpose of this passage is to________. This text has been written to _______. It can be inferred from the text that if…_____. The passage suggests that_______. What is implied in the last sentence of paragraph One? You can feel that the author’s attitude towards the …is one of_______.

⏹•1. The passage is intended to _______.

⏹•2. The passage implies that ________.

⏹•3. It can be inferred from the pass age that _______. .

⏹•4. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

⏹•5. We can conclude (infer, see) from the article that _____.

⏹•6. The writer implies that _________.

⏹•7. The author suggests that _________.

⏹•8. An inference which may (not) b e made from the article is ________.

⏹•9. Which of the following can (not) be inferred from the article?

⏹

•10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

推理题

⏹⑴ 标志：关键词：infer imply

⑵ 整体思路：

①绝大多数推理题是原文意思的同义表达，正确答案与原文之间没有任何推理关系

②做题时可以寻找四个选项中三错一对的关系

7．作者态度题

8．判断题

标志：

①which of the following statement is not true/correct/mentioned?

②All of the following statements are true /correct/mentioned except?

⑵整体思路：

①首先应判断是三错一对还是三对一错

②每一个选项都应力争返回原文，不能通过印象进行判断

⑶特别关注：

①转折处

②最高级

③感情色彩的词（褒贬含义）

9．主旨题：理解主旨要义,主要测试考生对短文整体理解概括的能力。一般是第一或最后一个题。

⑴标志：best title main idea main problem conclusion

⑵整体思路：利用宏观阅读技巧做主旨题10．写作文体&手法