高中英语--名词及其短语作状语
高中英语素材状语-表语-宾语-补语-定语的概念
第一部分在英语中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补的位置组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
He likes watch'ing TV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
My sis'ter is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如：Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。
形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
高中英语语法知识点状语从句
• as, （just） as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）as…so…结构中 位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体。例如：
• Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 • As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
• Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. • 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
• as if, as though
• 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用 陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好 像……似的"。例如：
条件状语从句
• 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句 和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
• unless = if not. 例如： • Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我们去散散步。 • If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
高中英语语法-状语从句归纳总结
1状语从句状语从句一．分类：种类连接词when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly/until/till/by the time /as soon as/hardly⋯when/no sooner⋯than/the moment/theminute/immediately有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：the minute, the moment, every time, the first time时间例： The moment he reached the country, he started his状语search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。
有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：directly例： Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校长一进来，大家就安静下来地点where//wherever状语原因Because/as/since/now that/for状语注意区别：as和 when、while ：as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用 when 引导这个从句，不可用 as 或 while 。
从句表示 " 随时间推移 " 连词能用as，不用 when 或 while 。
till/until和not,till/until ：until 可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首。
where，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。
because和 since、for、 as、now that：because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why 提出的问题。
当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as 或since。
由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用 for 来代替。
高中英语句子成分讲解超详细
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词）1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢？6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
(完整版)高中英语语法主谓宾定状补表
英语中句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补助语、主语补足语表语、定语和状语。
主语表示句子所说的是“谁”或“什么事物”，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
Two students meet for the first time at the beginning of term. 两个学生在学期开始时初次见面。
谓语说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
Mr Zhu is showing the students of Class 4 the chemistry lab. 朱先生正带领4班学生参观化学实验室。
宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语做什么。
Finally, turn off the lights and lock the door.最后，关上灯，锁好门。
宾语补助语放在宾语后面补充说明宾语，常由不定式或形容词充当。
She told us to follow her instructions. 她吩咐我们听她的指示。
定语用来修饰名词或代词，常放在名词前面，也可以放在后面（叫后置定语）。
由形容词、代词或相当于形容词的词或短语充当。
Your teacher will read out some sentences. 你们的老师将读出一些句子。
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示，放在句末。
They plant trees in order to keep the soil on the hills. 他们种树以便把土壤保持在山上。
表语说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。
Jackie and Yang Pei are both students in Australia. 杰基和杨培都是在澳大利亚的学生。
高中英语句子成分解析
⾼中英语句⼦成分解析⾼中英语句⼦成分解析 在句⼦中，词与词之间有⼀定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句⼦分为不同的组成成分。
下⾯是⼩编收集整理的⾼中英语句⼦成分解析，希望对您有所帮助!状语 状语 状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句⼦成分。
如： 1.The girl is improving remarkably. 这个⼥孩⼤有进步。
2.可⽤作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
(1)。
副词最常⽤作状语，位置⽐较灵活，可置句末、句⾸和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well. 这种语⾔，他讲得不好，但阅读能⼒很强。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. 当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
3.状语按⽤途来分，可以分为时间、地点、⽅式、原因、结果、⽬的、条件、让步、程度、⽅式、伴随等 (1)。
时间状语，多位于句末和句⾸，有时亦可置于句中 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? In China now leads the world. (2).地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句⾸和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea. She kissed her mother on the platform(⽉台). (3)。
原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句⾸。
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them. (4). 结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表⽰，常位于句末。
She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway. She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said. (5). ⽬的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表⽰，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句⾸。
高中英语必会的8大基本句子成分
高中英语必会的8大基本句子成分无论是“理解”还是“表达”，均需建立在准确理解句子成分基础上。
一个句子若没有句子成分的合理架构、有序排列，就会杂乱无章，不知所云。
所以，学好语法，应从正确划分句子成分入手。
众所周知，句子有若干个组成部分，它们分别承担着不同的作用，组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语中的句子成分分为主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)和同位语(appositive)八种。
一、主语习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。
但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。
能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。
真题例句1. (2020ꞏ新课标山东卷)The route went from our school gate to the foot of the South Mountain.(名词作主语)2. (2020ꞏ全国卷Ⅱ，满分作文)Taking part in a fruit picking activity on a farm is meaningful and rewarding.(动名词短语作主语)3. (2017ꞏ全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达) To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 a．m. next Friday.(从句作主语)4. (2019ꞏ全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The competition will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours.(名词作主语)5. (2019ꞏ全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)To let China go to the world and let the world understand China is my first aim.(不定式短语作主语)6. (2019ꞏ江苏高考书面表达)It seems to me that thetraditional Chinese dress will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to theBritish students.(代词it 充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)[名师指津]当从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。
高中英语语法：状语从句知识点
高中英语语法：状语从句知识点状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。
状语从句由从属连词引导。
状语从句可放在句首或句末。
放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。
状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、比较等九种。
一、时间状语从句1、while, when, whenever和as的用法比较（1）while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。
它不能表示一时性或短暂的动作。
Don't talk so loud while( as) others are working.别人工作时，请勿大声说话。
（2）when引导的时间状语从句，可指时间的一点，也可以指一段时间，从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词，也可用持续性动词。
when引导的从句表示的具体的时间，从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时，也可以先于主句的动作。
Whenever指任何一个不具体的时间。
It was raining when we arrived. 我们到达时，天正下着雨。
（动作同时，指时间点）When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.当你再读一遍这首诗，你就更清晰它的含意。
（动作有先后，指时间点，不能用while）Come whenever you like. 你爱什么时候来就什么时候来。
（3）as用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生，具有延伸意义，一般同延续性动词连用，有时可译作“一边…一边…”。
As time went on, his theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。
As（when）he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他讲话结束的时候，听众掌声雷动。
高中英语语法：句子成分详细归纳
高中英语语法：句子成分详细归纳什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）二：Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）三：Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）四：Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）一、Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物动词）1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢？6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
高中英语 写作 形容词 (短语)作状语
英语培补资料-----形容词（短语）作状语形容词最主要的功能是修饰名词，充当定语。
形容词还可以作表语和宾补，如make sb angr y, leave sb homeless, sb find it difficult/hard to do sth. Sth make it possible for sb to do sth. 其实，形容词作状语的用法也是不少见的，多用来表达人物的心理状态。
有人也称之为主语补足语，因为它们是补充说明主语的。
掌握好以下两个句型，必将极大地助力于读后续写！句型一: 主谓等……（简单句）, +形容词（短语）. （与全句用逗号隔开，位于句子后面）1.Jane rose at the break of day,hungry and thirsty.(2016年10月浙江卷)（Jane起身时的状态是“又饿又渴”。
为了表达这种状态, 该句使用了形容词短语hungryand thirsty作伴随状语。
）2. Bernard was greatly encouraged by John and other boys,full of confidence in his plan.（Bernard被几个男孩鼓励之后对计划充满了信心。
为了突出这一结果，该句使用了形容词短语full of…作结果状语。
）3. At the end of the day, he came home with the money he earned,quite happy. (他赚到钱回家了，内心非常高兴。
为了表达这种状态，该句使用了形容词短语quite happy作伴随状语。
)4. To his mother's relief, the little boy came back from the dangerous situation,safe and sound.(小男孩脱离了险境，安然无恙。
为了表达这种状态，该句使用了形容词短语safe and sound作伴随状语。
【语法讲解】高中英语状语从句专题讲解(详细)
状语从句知识导图定义：在主从复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。
状语从句一般修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词when 当…时候while 当…时候as 当…时候after 在…之后before在…之前till 直到…为until 直到…为止止ever since 自从since自从every/each time 每次next time 下次by the time到…时候as soon as 一… 就once一… 就the moment一… 就hardly/scarcely… when…一… 就no sooner… than 一… 就directly/immediately/insta ntly一… 就注：在时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时替代一般将来时；用一般过去时替代过去将来时。
e.g. When you get up, ring me up.When he left the classroom, the teacher came in.when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句1)when, while和as的共同用法when, while和as都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当…时候”。
若表示主句中的动词和从句中的动作同时发生，而从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，这三个词等同，可以互换。
When/While/as we were dancing, a stranger came in.（延续性动词）2)when/while和as用法区别①when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，而while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的。
When you came in, I was talking with a few boys.（非延续性）While we were waiting for the bus, it was raining heavily.（延续性）②while和as常表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，而when表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前、之后，也可同时发生。
高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语完整版
高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语完整版高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】高中英语语法通霸1.句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点1. 主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。
7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2. 谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
人教版高中英语必修4课件 知识点——现在分词(短语)作状语
答案：A
【解析】答案选A，此句也可换成：He glanced over at
her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very
well put together.
现在分词（短语）作状语
【典型例题】
2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the
现在分词（短语）作状语
【知识点解析】
现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况： 1．分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的 一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如： hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。 此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作“一 （刚）……就……”。 此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词 多用一般过去时表示。如： Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
现在分词（短语）作状语
【知识点解析】
六、作原因状语 现在分词短语作原因状语，尤其是be，feel，know，recognize， fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语)，以及现在分词的否定式用作 状语时，通常表示原因。例如： ①Being sick, I stayed at home. 我因病呆在家中。 ②Not knowing her address, I can't write to her. 由于不知道她的地 址，我没法给她写信。 ③Not having done(＝As he has not done)his homework, he stayed at home. 由于他没完成作业，只好呆在家里。
高考英语名词短语汇总
高考英语名词短语汇总一、常见的名词短语1.名词+介词短语例如：•the history of China（中国历史）•the life of the poor（穷人的生活）2.名词+动词不定式例如：•the opportunity to study abroad（出国留学的机会）•the chance to win the game（赢得比赛的机会）3.名词+动名词短语例如：•the enjoyment of travel（旅行的乐趣）•the habit of smoking（吸烟的习惯）4.名词+同位语或插入语例如：•the city of Beijing（北京市）•the book "The Catcher in the Rye"（小说《麦田里的守望者》）5.名词+带定语的同位语或插入语例如：•the university "Tsinghua University"（清华大学）•the company "Microsoft Corporation"（微软公司）二、常见的名词短语在句子中的用法1.作主语：The importance of education cannot be overstated.（教育的重要性怎么强调都不为过。
）2.作宾语：I enjoy the convenience of online shopping.（我喜欢网上购物的便利。
）3.作表语：The news is the announcement of a new product.（这个消息就是发布新产品。
）4.作同位语：The city of Beijing is the capital of China.（北京市中国的首都。
）5.作定语：I like the book "To Kill a Mockingbird".（我喜欢《杀死一只知更鸟》。
高中英语高考复习句子成分详解(共五种)
高考英语句子成分英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语（complement）和同位插入。
常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大｡这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词.副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语.不定式短语和分词短语)｡我们称之为:定语.状语一、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰.限定作用的词.短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示｡定语通常位于被修饰的成分前｡若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something.nothing);或不定式.分词短语作定语.从句作定语时,则定语通常置后｡副词用作定语时须放在名词之后｡1.形容词作定语The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔｡Tom is a handsome boy.Tom是个英俊的男孩｡There is a good boy.有个乖男孩｡数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔｡The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生｡There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩｡代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom\'s pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔｡His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆｡There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩｡介词短语作定语:The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔｡The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆｡There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩｡名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔｡It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔｡There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔｡2.副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom｡3.不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆｡There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做｡4.分词(短语)作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔｡The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的｡There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩｡5.定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔｡The boy you will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆｡There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个｡二、状语状语修饰动词.形容词.副词或全句,说明方式.因果.条件.时间.地点.让步.方向.程度.目的等｡状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间.地点.目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词.助动词.情态动词之后,动词之前｡有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'1.副词(短语)作状语The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔｡(宾语较长则状语前置)The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔｡(时间状语)2.介词短语作状语In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔｡(地点状语)Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)3.分词(短语)作状语He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔｡(表示伴随状态)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔｡(原因状语)Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿｡(原因状语)4.不定式作状语The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业｡(目的状语)To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣｡5.名词作状语Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)状语从句:时间状语从句.地点状语从句.原因状语从句.结果状语从句.目的状语从句.比较状语从句.让步状语从句.条件状语从句三、同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语｡如: We students should study hard./ (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)We all are students./ (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)四、独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)｡感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等｡肯定词:yes否定词:no称呼语:称呼人的用语｡插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等｡如:The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信,这个故事还远没结束情态词:表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语)perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等｡五、分词独立结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。
高中英语句子成分及结构分析
高中英语句子结构分析英语的九大词类名词,代词,动词,形容词,副词,数词,连词,介词,冠词;一、名词n.：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称;物体名--desk,cup,chair.人名--Mike,Li Ming;地名—America ,China 动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea主意,victory胜利,knowledge知识.二、代词pron.：主要用来代替名词,所以说名词和代词关系是很近的;代替人的代词有：I,you,he,she,it,they这里要注意,代词的作宾语的形式me,him,her,them....,代替物的代词有:it,that,this,those,these三、动词v.："动"就是动作--可以指具体的动作:walk走,jump跳,swim游泳;人的大脑动作心理活动:think想,imagine想象.四、形容词adj.：用来表示名词的性质或特征;我们在谈论人或物时,常用上：tall高的,short矮的,black黑的,white白的这些词往往是修饰名词;五、副词adv.：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明动作发生的时间、地点、程度等;副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的,所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法,但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词,可能是形容词likely—有可能的lovely—可爱的friendly—友好的lonely—孤独的weekly—每周一次的monthly—每月一次的yearly—每年一次的六、介词prep.：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系;at, by, to,in,for,of,on, from,with介词在英语中最常用于介宾结构——介词+名词/代词,起修饰作用.比如：in winter,from America,behind the door等等;七、连词conj.：用来连接词、短语、句子;连词不能单独作句子成分,只能和其他词类一起作句子成分;常见的连词有：and 表并列、both .. and 并列、but 表转折、or 表选择、if 表条件等;八、冠词,英语中只有三个词：a\an 不定冠词the定冠词,简单来说,不定冠词表示泛指,定冠词表示特指,冠词与名词关系紧密,一般是放在名词之前;九、数词：跟数字有关的词就是数词,英语中的数词有两种,基数词和序数词;基数词,比如：one two 、three 、four、five 、six 、seven 等等,序数词,比如：first 、second、third 、fourth 、fifth 等等;英语句子（一）根据结构划分：①简单句：5种基本句型主+谓主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+双宾间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补②并列句and, but, or③复合句：名词从句宾,主,表,同副词从句状语从句形容词从句定语从句二根据功能划分：陈述句, 祈使句, 感叹句,疑问句一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句等动词分类：情态动词、助动词、系动词、实义动词及物动词和不及物动词形容词修饰系动词放在动词后,形容词修饰名词,一般放在名词前；副词修饰实义动词,放在实义动词后,修饰整个句子放在句首,修饰形容词,一般位于形容词前;五种基本句型句型一主语+ 谓语不及物动词vi.主语：是动作的发出者,一般是名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词,短语,从句等;谓语：谓语总是由动词或动词短语充当,是英语时态、语态变化的主角;谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致不及物动词vi.一般不接宾语,接宾语得加一个介词;谓语由动词词组充当,分两种情况: 1. 及物动词+副词,2. 不及物动词+介词;动副词组：point out指出, carry out执行, put forward提出, work out做出,算出, find out找出, give up 放弃, give away赠送,分发,pick up拣起, put up挂上等;动副词可拆分,若是代词作宾语应放在中间;They carried out the plan successfully.They carried the plan out successfully.动介词组：look after照顾, look at瞧, look for寻找, belong to属于, refer to参考,提及, think of考虑,评价, send for派人去请, care for喜欢,suffer from受…之苦, deal with对付,应付, object to反对, pay for 付…的钱等;动介词是不可拆分的,所以代词放在后面,即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of.His father cooks.The children are listening quietly.He runs fast in the street.The meeting begins at nine.They worked day and night.I lived in Beijing five years ago.His father has gone abroad.句型二主语+ 谓语及物动词vt. + 宾语及物动词后必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者宾语位于及物动词或介词之后,主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词,短语或从句充当; He did his English homework. 名词作宾语The workers are building the bridge. 名词作宾语I enjoy sharing my work experience. 动词ing形式作宾语She is doing her homework now. 名词作宾语She said she felt sick.从句作宾语We often help him. 代词作宾语He likes playing basketball. 动名词V-ing作宾语He likes to play basketball. 不定式作宾语The boys were watching the world cup match.Can you feel the power of loveWe enjoy listening to the music.She wanted a barbie toy so much when she was young.Zhang Yimou made a love movie.I don’t believe in介 that man.He pointed out副 the mistakes in my composition.On Christmas Day, we will call on our foreign teachers.You must hand in your exercise-books after class.We cannot work out副 the problem in five minutes.句型三主+ 系+ 表什么是什么连系动词主要是连系主语和表语;系动词可分四类：1. “五be”是am, is, are, was, were2.“五感官”动词look 眼看起来sound 耳听起来taste 口尝起来smell 鼻闻起来feel 手摸起来3. “五变”get变得, turn变得, grow变得,go变得, become成为4. “三保持”keep保持, stay保持,remain保持作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词、不定式、动名词、从句等I am a teacher.She is beautiful.This song sounds good.Leaves turned green.用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用it替代,叫形式主语,真正主语在句中都后移;It is important to learn English.It is known to everyone in our class that he has been to many parts of the worldHer new Iphone5 is cool to death.His son is a rock star.My room looks like a pigsty.Li Lei and Jim are gay friends.Children grow wiser as they grow.The river looks especially beautiful in the early morning.Dinner smells good.His voice sounded strange on the phone.The cake tastes delicious.Harry potter is the hero in this book.Playing basketball is interesting.To learn English is important.Swimming is a sport he enjoys.That he has been to many parts of the world is known to everyone in our class.句型四主＋谓＋双宾间宾＋直宾两者没有直接的关系有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 直接宾语eg：give / pass / bring/ take / show/ buy sb. sth.若要先说出直接宾语事物,后说间接宾语人,则要借助于介词to或for用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人;用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人;常跟双宾的词有需借助to的bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等需借助for 的 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order ,sing, save, spare,等I bought John a birthday present. 或I bought a birthday present for john.Please tell me your telephone number. 或Please tell your telephone number to me.Give me a cup of tea please.Pass our English teacher the book.Bring it to me, please.Show this house to Mr. Smith.She ordered herself a new dress.He brought you a dictionary.Please give me a few apples.I’ll show you my photos.句型五主语+谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语两者有直接的关系谓语后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思,必须加一个成分来补充说明宾语,才能使意思完整; 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后补充说明宾语;宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当;The war made him a soldier. 名词New methods make the job easy .形容词I often find him at work . 介词短语The teacher ask the students to close the windows. 不定式I saw a cat running across the road. 现在分词Our teacher found the windows closed. 过去分词We call him Tom.At first I found Chinese quite hard.Tell him not to be late tomorrow.He made all of us laugh.The little girl often helps her mother to do the housework.We found a cat lying under the chair.I find learning English difficult.I will make you a captain.The manager asked Amanda to leave.His words made me sad.I find learning English difficult.I saw the kite up and down.Tom made the girl cry.He proved that theory very important.I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.句子成分——状语,可位于句首、句末或句中,用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示动作,行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等;由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当;He speaks English very well. 表程度He is playing under the tree.表地点I come to see you. 表目的Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. 表时间,地点The boy was praised for his bravery.表原因If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 表条件副词短语作状语：The boy needs a pen very much.程度状语The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.宾语较长则状语前置The boy really needs a pen.程度状语The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.时间状语介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.地点状语Before his mother,Tom is always a boy. 条件状语On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.时间状语分词短语作状语：He sits there,asking for a pen.表示伴随状态Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.原因状语Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.原因状语不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.目的状语To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.名词作状语：Come this way/走这条路方向状语状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句句子成分——定语,它位置灵活,用来修饰限定名词或代词,说明名词或代词的品质与特征;由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、不定式等等,相当于一个形容词,译为“ ...的”形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen.Tom is a handsome boy.There is a good boy.数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students.There are two boys in the room.代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Tom's penHis name is Tom.There are two boys of Toms there.介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen.It is a ball pen.There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.副词作定语：The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom.不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.The boy to write this letter is Tom.There is nothing to do today.分词短语作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.The pen bought by her is made in China.There are five boys left.定语从句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.The boy you will know is Tom.There are five boys who will play the game.句子成分—同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分;如：We students should study hard. / students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’We all are students. / all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’练习一. 指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 二选出句中谓语的中心词①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by busA. DoB. usually D. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfastB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book toA. give C. whom D. book三挑出下列句中的宾语①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you ⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.四挑出下列句中的表语①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.五挑出下列句中的定语①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.②What is your given name③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe六挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now七挑出下列句中的状语①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. 八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.nursery takes good care of our children .’ll return the book to you tomorrow .are sure that we shall succeed .woman with a baby in her arms is his other .are many film that I’d like to see.you met the person about whom he was speakinghave a lot of work to do .11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .12.I said it in fun .13.We can send a car over to fetch you .14.She had to work standing up .15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .18.We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .23.It was in the library that I come today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.。
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名词及其短语作状语名词在句子中的主要作用是充当主语、宾语、表语、补足语和定语，但作状语的情况也时有所见，请看高一英语课本例句：However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have difficulty in understanding each other.不过，两国人听对方说话，大多数时候没有理解上的困难。
Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.树一棵接着一棵倒下，是被洪水冲断的，水肯定有三米深了。
其中，例1中的most of the time作为时间状语修饰全句，例2中的three meters修饰形容词deep.下面分七个方面一一分析形容词作状语的情况。
1.时间名词作时间状语：在表示时间的名词(morning, day, week, hour, month, year等)前加上修饰语this, that, next, last, every, yesterday, many, some 或数词等，该词组可以作状语修饰全句或谓语部分。
例如：So when I get troubles，I’ve learned to wait three days. 因此当我有麻烦时，我学会了等三天。
In America, many students work part time in order to get the money for education.在美国，很多学生为了挣钱上学，半工半读。
One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.一天，查克飞越太平洋时，他的飞机突然坠毁。
She had not slept the whole night. 一晚上她都没睡。
The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.转眼间，第一股浪头把她掀翻在地，并吞噬着花园。
The week following Christmas Day, many African-American families get together to greet the new year andthink about the past.在圣诞节后的一个星期，许多非裔美国家庭举行聚会，迎新年，思旧年。
Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.每次庆祝节日都会有一点变化，这样，我们的文化发展才有生机。
Even today, the south is far behind the rest of the United States in areas such as education and economic development.甚至到今天，南部在教育和经济发展方面仍远远落后于美国其它州。
We know that bears sleep all of the cold part of the year.我们知道一年里最冷的时候熊都在睡。
That evening at super, Carla told her family about Important Person Day.那天晚上吃饭时，卡拉告诉了家人“要人节”的事。
Letters were, and are, sent by some form of posted service, the history of which goes back a long way.无论过去还是现在，信件都是由邮政部门投递的，其历史也非常悠久。
2.表示距离的名词短语作状语：One day a rich lawyer was walking through the street of the town where he lived; he was on his way to see his brother who lived some distance from his home.一天，一位有钱的律师正在他住的城市的大街上走着，他要去看望其住所离他家有一段距离的弟弟。
Nancy can drive a ball some 250 yards.南希能把球打出大约250码远。
So what would a space traveller see after trekking 1500 light-years to the Orion nebula?太空旅行者长途跋涉1500光年的距离抵达猎户星座星云后会看到什么呢？3.表示次数或倍数的名词短语作状语：He had turned over in bed two hundrred and thirty-six times.他已经在床上来回翻了二百三十六次身。
But once or twice in the year she comes to the city to buy clothes and perhaps go to the theatre.可是一年中有一两次她要进城买衣服或去剧院看看。
Several agreements were reached, but the government broke its promises almost every time.曾经达成一些协议，但是政府几乎每次都不遵守诺言。
We have lost 100 times, but one day we shall win.我们输了一百次，但总有一天会赢的。
Before any signs of infection or resistance we detected, salicylic acid levels surged almost five-fold.我们还未探测出任何表明传染上疾病或抵抗疾病的迹象，水杨酸的含量几乎已猛增了四倍。
One last hug, I thought, and I never wanted to let go.我想，再来最后一次拥抱，永远也不愿放开。
4.某些名词作状语表示方式、方法：We began crawling back up the hill, one man after the other. I was the last man in the line.我们一个接一个地向山上爬回去，我排在最后。
We know how to do it---moving up slowly one man at a time.我们知道怎么办——慢慢移动，一次一个人。
The next morning Corey ran down the steps two at a time.次日早上，科瑞一步两级台阶地跑下了楼。
One by one, the Native American tribes were moved west.土著美洲部落一个接一个地被赶往西部。
A light bulb is a big improvement on the candle, but it works essentially the same way by heating something until it glows.电灯泡比起蜡烛来是个大改进，但它工作时实际上采用了相同的方法，即给物体加热，直到发亮。
They climbed the steep mountain inch by inch.他们一点一点地登上那座陡峭的山。
Susan was astonished to see that the man gave a couple of gulps and the whole chicken on the plate was gone, bone and all.那男的只几下就把整个鸡连骨头带肉地吃光，苏珊看了非常吃惊。
Think about it for a while and you’ll see things my way.你考虑一会儿，就会像我那样看问题了。
He wished his parents felt this way. 他希望父母这样认为。
They think I should live the same way they do. 他们认为我也应该像他们那样生活。
At the age of 34, Cyrus W Field had retired from the paper business a rich man.赛勒斯·菲尔德三十四岁那一年，在赚了一大笔钱之后退出了报界。
I was so surprised myself that my mind momentarily refused to accept its own wild conjecture as a reality.我自己太吃惊了，我的大脑一时间难以接受对这种真相的胡乱猜测。
What color do you want the rooms? 你想让房间漆成什么颜色？5.某些名词可以修饰形容词或副词，表示程度：Mr. Cook is three years senior to his wife.库克先生比他的太太大三岁。
Catherine is nine months junior to Margaret.凯瑟琳比玛格丽特小九个月。
The coat is an inch too small. 这件上衣小了一英寸。
You’ve given me two copies too many. 你多给了我两本。
We reached the station half an hour too soon. 我们提前半小时到了车站。
My book is twice as thick as yours. 我的书是你的两倍厚。
6.名词短语间或可修饰介词短语作状语：Engineers have produced sound waves that are half a wavelength out of phrase with those of the noise to be quieted-each crest is matched to a trough and vice versa.工程师用微处理机控制的噪声发声器已经能产生与要消除的噪声波位相差180°的声波，即每一波峰对着另一波的波谷，反之亦然。