定语从句专项讲解与练习-(1)
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定语从句专项讲解与练习
定语从句的定义：从句作定语，修饰名词、代词，这样的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的前面。
如果要表达:我喜欢那个漂亮的女孩。I love the pretty girl.
如果要表达：那个喜欢我的女孩。只能借助于定语从句the girl who loves me.
其中the girl即为定语从句的先行词，而who即为定语从句的关系词。
指人：who、whom
关系代词指物：which、as
（作主宾表）指人和物:that,whose
关系词表时间：when
关系副词表地点：where
（作状）表原因：why
1、who
指人，who在从句中当主语。
He who has not reached the Great Wall isn’t a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
The teacher ___________spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
❖作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可省略。
2、whom
指人，是who的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语，前面没有介词时，可用who/that来代替，也可省略。The girl ___________________ I like isn’t here now.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
The doctor with ________________she went to the United States last month is very famous.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
The person ___________________ you met yesterday is our Chinese teacher.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
3、whose
指“谁的”，或“某物的”，在从句中作修饰词。
whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。
The girl ___________father is a doctor is our classmate.
You’re the only one ____________ advice he might listen to.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
I’d like a room _______________window looks out over the sea.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
4、that
在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；作宾语时可以省略。
She is the very person (that) I want to see at once.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
A plane is a machine_____________ can fly.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
5、which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物；
West Lake ______________lies in Hangzhou is one of the most famous lakes in China.
中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
The coat (___________________) I put on the desk is black.
6、as
当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ；as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。
e.g. 1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is .
2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .
※但在以下两种情况下有区别：
. as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从句只能在主句后。
e.g. ____ is often the case , we have worked out the production plan .
A . Which
B . When
C . What
D . As
that, which可以在从句中当主语或宾语，当宾语时可以省略。
whom在从句中是当宾语的，也可以省略。但是，当以上关系词前面有介词时，就不能省略。
A）指人时
who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，
把以下两个句子合并成一句：
I thank the woman.
The woman helps me a lot.
I thank the woman who (that)helps me a lot.（主语）
The man was Jone .
I saw him.
The man (who whom that) I saw was jone.(作宾语)
She was the woman .
I told you about her.
She was the woman (who whom that) I told you about .(做介词宾语) /
She was the woman about whom I told you.(介词后只能用宾格)
B）指物时
which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，
把以下两个句子合并成一句：
A prosperity appears in the countryside.
A prosperity had never been seen before .
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）
1.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. as
2.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. in which