全套下载(共12份103页)最新通用版中考英语二轮复习 语法复习汇总

超级资源（共12套103页）2019年通用版中考英语二轮复习 语法专题复习汇总简单句、并列句、复合句【知识点睛】 一、句子分类____________(____________________________)____________________________________________(_____________________)⎧⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎨⎪⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩ 、、、　按分 句子按分 、、　二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 陈述句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法 疑问句：用于提问祈使句：用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等感叹句：用于表达强烈的感情（一）陈述句有肯定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调.陈述句的否定式：1.be的否定式（be作系动词和助动词）2.助动词、情态动词的否定式3.除not外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句1)用no表示，no = not any/a2)never从不，决不，永不 seldom很少 hardly几乎不3)little, few几乎没有4)no one/nobody没有人5)nothing什么也没有6)neither of…没有什么(两者都不)；none of…没有任何，什么都没有(三者或三者以上都不)7)too…to…太……以至于不能……（二）疑问句1. 一般疑问句（1）用什么词提问，用什么词回答.—Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗？—Yes, I am. 是的，我是. /—No, I’m not. 不，我不是.（2）否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气. （注意yes/no的翻译）—Don’t you watch TV at night? 你晚上不看电视吗？—Yes, I do. 不，我看电视. /—No, I don’t. 是的，我不看电视.（3）用其他词语代替yes/no，使语气更客气、委婉.—Can you go to the movies with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗？—I’m afraid not. I have much homework to do. 恐怕不行，我有很多作业要做.2. 特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词来引导，不用________回答. 特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组. （1）疑问代词：what, who, which, whose, whom（2）疑问副词：when, where, why, how（对状语进行提问）（3）疑问词组：how soon, how long, how far, how often等（4）否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等意味.Why don’t you come here?= Why not come here?3. 选择疑问句提出两种或以上的情况要对方选择，不能用________回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式.（1）一般选择疑问句句式—Do you like tea or coffee?—I like tea.（2）特殊选择疑问句句式—Which do you like better, tea or coffee?—I prefer tea.4. 反意疑问句（1）结构：“陈述部分，简短问句？”（2）原则：_______________，______________（3）三步走：第1步将陈述部分变成一般疑问句第2步提取“助动词(或be动词)+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代词第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩）（4）回答：实事求是【翻译】——Lucy从不早起，是吗？——是的，她从不早起. /不，她有时候早起.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（三）祈使句特征：以____________开头，省略第二人称主语_______；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词___________.肯定式否定式特殊式Stand up! Don’t stand up! No smoking/parking!Be quiet! Don’t be noisy! No photos!Let him in! Don’t let him in!（四）感叹句感叹句是用来表达人的特殊感情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩. 感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”.Great!A good job!_______________________________What a good day (it is)!What terrible weather (it is)!What smart students (they are)!_______________________________How terrible (the weather is)!How smart (the students are)!How fast he runs!【填空】___________ tall the boy is!___________ lovely children!___________ useful book it is!___________ exciting news!三、简单句、并列句、复合句简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子.I am a student.Lily and Lucy are twins.He went up to the door, opened it and entered.She will go there either this week or next week.并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子. He did the work and he did it well.I like music, but I do n’t like this song.Either you leave, or Tom leaves.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子.Do you know where my bike is?John fell asleep while he was listening to the music.That is the woman I met yesterday.（一）常见句子成分主语：句子所要说的人或物；通常由名词或代词担任谓语：说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当宾语：及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常由名词或代词担任表语：在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当定语：修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任 宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任 同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况 （二）简单句五大基本句型主系表 / 主谓(vi.) / 主谓(vt.)宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾补 （三）连词___________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⇒⎧⎪⎪⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⇒⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩⎪⎪⎧⎪⎪⎪⇒⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩连接词与词或短语与短语表表连接简单句与简单句表连词表连接主句与从句 四、三大从句 （一）宾语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子. We know Jack is a lazy student.We are talking about whether it’s a cat . He is unhappy that he didn ’t pass the exam.分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句 三要素：________、________、________【难点1】只用连接词whether 的情况I’m thinking about __________ I should see the film.连接词 _______ (可省略) _______________ _______________ 宾语从句：陈述句 宾语从句：一般疑问句 宾语从句：特殊疑问句 语序 _________语序 时态 Miss Li said that the earth ________ (be) round.I haven’t decided __________ to go to the cinema.I’m not sure __________ or not it’s worth seeing the film.结论：________________________________________【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子Who broke the window?What happened last night?What’s the matter/the trouble?What’s up/wrong?When will we meet?【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换I don’t know what I can/should do next. = I don’t know what to do nex t.He couldn’t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldn’t decide which one to buy. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me _________________________? 结论：1. 当主句的________与从句的________一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构.2. 当主句谓语是ask, tell, show, teach等________动词时，且主句的______________和从句的________一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构.（二）状语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子.The bus had left when we arrived at the station.分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句目的状语从句，比较状语从句各类状语从句连词：【难点1】when, while, as的区别when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可__________发生或__________发生while：只表一段时间；前后动作__________发生，while后加__________动词(或表状态)as：前后动作并行发生，“一边……一边”；“随着……”Give this bike to Mary __________ she comes next week.Return the book to Lily __________ you have finished reading it.I was doing my homework _________ my mother came in.You must be quiet __________ Kate is doing her homework.__________ Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk.She did sports ________ she listened to music.【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别1)because “________” (从属连词) 指直接原因，语气最强.I did that because she told me to.2)since “________”(从属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱.Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone else for help.3)as “________” (从属连词) 表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比since弱.As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.4)for “________”(________连词)不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由，for引导的是并列句.It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是____________或____________或____________的句子时，从句要用_____________代替将来.Don’t point at others with your chopsticks when you _______ (eat).The boy is very careful when he _______ (cross) the road.You can realize your dream as long as you ________ (not) give up.Whatever you _______ (do), wherever you ________ (go), I will be here waiting for you. 注意：主将从现只是一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现”. 时间、条件、让步状语从句还可以使用其他的很多时态.（三）定语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子.A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.结构：【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况1)当先行词是________时，如：all, none, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one等，关系词用thatIs this school the one that you graduated from?Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?2)当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰，正好), the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时，关系词用thatThis is the very bus _______ I am waiting for.3)当先行词既有______又有______时I never forget the school and the people that I visited in Shanghai.4)当先行词被_______或_______修饰时This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.5)who或which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用thatWho is the girl _______ is crying sadly?【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?1)I will never forget the days __________ we spent together.2)I will never forget the days __________ I was in primary school.3)This is the school __________ I often pay a visit to.4)This is the school __________ that teacher once worked.【精讲精练】一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析成分1.He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, shewould quickly clean them with a mop.2.He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle.3.Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.二、填空题A: 根据汉语提示及句意完成句子4.My sister is too young to go to school, ____________?5.Nancy, sweep the classroom, ____________?6.I don’t think she will agree with me, ____________?7.You had better stay at home, ____________?8.—Mr. Li’s never been to Canada, has he?—______, ___________. He went there on business last week.B: 根据句意，用适当的连词或关系词或连接词填空9.Work hard, ________ you’ll pass the test easily.10.This is the best book _______ I have ever read.11.________ it rains heavily, no one is late for the class.12.You won’t catch the bus ________ you leave immediately.13.The population of China is larger ________ that of America.14.He wonders ________ his English teacher can come today.15.不但所有的学生而且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书.________ ________ all the pupils ________ ________ their English teacher ________________ the storybook.三、单项选择( )16.—_______ is it from the New Town to the old city center?—Less than 30 minutes by underground.A. How soonB. How oftenC. How longD. How far( )17.David, _______, or you will get heavier.A. doesn’t play sports any moreB. doesn’t eat so much meatC. don’t play sports any moreD. don’t eat so much meat( )18.—Listen! Someone is playing the piano.—Wow! _______ beautiful music! I like it very much.A. WhatB. How aC. What aD. How( )19.The war was over about three months ago, _______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.A. orB. andC. butD. so( )20.—Dad, please tell me when Mum ______. I miss her very much.—She will return when she ______ her task. And she will bring a nice present for you.A. returns; finishesB. returns; will finishC. will return; finishesD. will return; will finish( )21.The environment will be worse and worse _______ we take steps to protect it right away.A. unlessB. althoughC. whileD. but( )22._______ she was tired, ______ she didn’t stop to have a rest.A. /; soB. Although; /C. Although; butD. Because;so( )23.I still remember the college and the teachers _______ I visited in London years ago.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which( )24.Franklin told them all _______ to be in Britain again.A. how happy was heB. how happy he wasC. how was he happyD. how he was happy( )25.—Tell me ______.—Well, it is like…A. what is wrong with itB. what is itC. what is it likeD. what the matter is with it【参考答案】【知识点睛】一、句子分类按功能分：陈述句；疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)；祈使句；感叹句按结构分：简单句；并列句；复合句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句（二）疑问句2. 特殊疑问句yes/no3. 选择疑问句yes/no4. 反意疑问句(2) 前肯后否；前否后肯【翻译】—Lucy never gets up early, does she?—No, she does n’t. / Yes, she does.（三）祈使句动词原形；you；please（四）感叹句What + (a/an) + adj. + n.+ (subject + v.)!How + adj./adv. + (subject + v.)!【填空】How；What；What a；What三、简单句、并列句、复合句（三）连词并列连词：简单句；并列句[顺承、并列关系(and, both…and, as well as, not only…but also…)，转折关系(but)，选择关系(or, either…or…, neither…nor…)，因果关系(so, for)从属连词：复合句（引导名词性从句的从属连词，引导状语从句的从属连词，引导定语从句的从属连词）四、三大从句（一）宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态连接词：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how语序：陈述时态：主现从任；主过从过；客观事实/真理用一现，is【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况whether；whether；whether结论：前有介词狼，后有不定虎，后有or not，用whether.【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子前四个特殊疑问句都是陈述语序，不用变；最后一个特殊疑问句放在宾语的位置需变成陈述语序when we will meet.【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换how to get to the zoo；主语；主语；双宾；宾语；主语（二）状语从句时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, until, not…until, as soon as, since…条件状语从句if, unless, as long as, so long as…让步状语从句although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever…原因状语从句because, since, as…结果状语从句so…that…, such…that…目的状语从句so that…, in order that…比较状语从句as…as…, not so/as…as…, than…【难点1】when，while，as的区别同时；先后；同时；延续性；when；when；when；while；while；as【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别1）因为2）既然，因为3）由于、鉴于4）因为、由于；并列【难点3】“主将从现”现象一般将来时；祈使句；含情态动词；一般现在时；eat；crosses；don’t；do；go（三）定语从句人；who；主语、宾语、表语人；whom；宾语物；which；主语、宾语、表语人/物；that；主语、宾语、表语人/物；whose；定语原因(n.)；why；状语地点(n.)；where；状语时间(n.)；when；状语【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况1）不定代词 2）that 3）人；物4）最高级；序数词5）that【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?1）which/that 2）when 3）which/that 4）where【精讲精练】一、1. 并列句（由简单句+and+复合句构成）简单句：主语：he 谓语：drew 宾语：pictures 状语：often，on the floor，with chalk 复合句：主句：she would quickly clean them with a mop（主语：she (复合)谓语：would clean 宾语：them状语：quickly，with a mop）时间状语从句：when his mother saw what he had done（主语：his mother 谓语：saw 宾语：what he had done）2. 简单句（由并列谓语构成该句的两个部分，第一部分有定语从句修饰）主句：He searched out the farmer and asked him the answer to the riddle.（主语：he 谓语：search out，asked 宾语：the farmer，him (直接宾语)，the answer to the riddle (间接宾语)）定语从句：whom the king had spoken to（主语：the king 谓语：had spoken to 宾语：whom）3. 复合句主句：Some students wonder…（主语：some students 谓语：wonder）宾语从句：what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used. (复合句) 主句：what would happen（主语：what (复合)谓语：would happen）条件状语从句：if the heat from the computer could be used（主语：the heat (复合)谓语：could be used 定语：from the computer）二、4. is she 5. won’t you/will you 6. will she 7. hadn’t you 8. Yes；he has9. and 10. that 11. Though/Although 12. unless13. than 14. whether/if 15. Not only；but also；has read三、16—20：DDACC 21—25：ABCBA动词分类与谓语动词【知识点睛】一、动词种类__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎩⎪⎪⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩⎩⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩动词________________________________⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩⎩情态动词用法：没有人称和数的变化；不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分；变否定，情态动词后直接加not；变疑问，情态动词直接提前.can & could表_________ He can speak English.He could ride a bike when he was 7.He is so young that he can’t look after himself.He couldn’t write when he was only 2.I will be able to speak German fluently someday.表_________ Can you pass me some paper?Could you please tell me where the bookstore is?You can go now.表_________ —Who is singing in the next room? Is it Lucy?—It can’t be her. She has gone to New York.may & might表_________ —May I know your name?—Might I know your name?—Yes, you __________.—No, you __________.You may go now.表__________ She may know the answer, but I’m not sure.—Have you decided where to go for your weekend?—Not yet. We may go to Qingdao.must & have to___________ The movie is boring. I must go now.Drivers must wear the safety belt when driving. This is the traffic rule.My mother called me. I have to go now.—Dad, must I practice the piano today?—Yes, you _______.—No, you ______./ No, you don’t have to. You may do it tomorrow.___________ You mustn’t nip off the flowers.You don’t have to be in a hurry.（没必要）表_________ —Whose notebook is this?—It must belong to Tom. I saw he used it just now.He must have known the truth.need___________ You need not get here early.—Need I repeat it?—Yes, you ______./ No, you _______.___________ She needs a dictionary to help her study.I need to make a phone call.The room needs cleaning.情态动词表推测——一肯，一否，三个不一定—Whose notebook is this?—It must belong to Tom. I saw he used it just now.—Who is singing in the next room? Is it Lucy?—It can’t be her. She has gone to New York.She may/might/c ould know the answer, but I’m not sure.情态动词+现在完成时1、表对过去的猜测、可能性①must have done“一定做了…”用于肯定句，语气最强.The light is off. He must have slept.②may/ might have done可能做了…，语气弱，可能性小. 其否定式意为“可能不…”，如：He mightnot have been in. 他可能不在家. might比may可能性更小.③can (could) not have done“不可能做了…”，语气强，can, could也可用于疑问句，表可能性，如：Could he have left?2、表示虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，“本来应该”而“没有…”.①should (ought to) have done. 本来应该做，而没做到如：You should have asked him for help. (事实上没求他帮忙)②could have done 本来能够…，如：He could have passed the exam. (结果没通过)③might have done 本来可以…④needn’t have done 本来没必要…You needn’t have taken a taxi. It is not far. (事实上坐出租车了)⑤had better have done sth. 用于事后的建议，含轻微的责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”.⑥表示would rather have done sth.“当时宁愿做了某事”，表示“后悔”的意思.should, ought to, could, might, had better, would rather也可用于否定句式，意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反.二、时态 （一）时态分类________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⇒⎧⎪⇒⎪⎨⇒⎪⎪⇒⎩⇒⇒⇒按分________________________________⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧⎨⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪→⇒⎩（二）各个时态的用法（详细用法请参考附录1）一般现在时：反复性 规律性 经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现 一般过去时：过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯 一般将来时：将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来 过去将来时：从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would + v.) 现在进行时：此时此刻、现阶段过去进行时：过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生 现在完成时：过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来 过去完成时：过去的过去 —____the film before?—Yes. I ___it the day before yesterday. A. Have you seen; saw B. Did you see; have seen C. Have you seen; have seen D. Have you seen; was seeing（三）易混时态区分：一般过去时VS现在完成时—___________(see) the film the day before yesterday ?—Yes, I _____________(see) it already. It is really interesting.（四）完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总瞬间动词_______（有/无）现在完成时用法；当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中，并与__________连用时，需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词—Your sister looks very happy!—Yeah, she has finally bought the dress she wants most.—Wow, your watch looks nice. Is it new?—No, I _________ (buy) it since 3 years ago.将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词：close → __________ come → __________ go → __________finish→ __________ die → __________ put on→ _________lose → __________ join → __________ get up → _________buy → __________ borrow → _________ o pen → __________leave → __________ fall asleep → __________wake up → __________ arrive/reach → __________start/begin → __________ catch a cold → __________三、语态（一）主动语态和被动语态主动语态：动作的 _________ 作主语. I bought a book.被动语态：动作的 _________ 作主语. A book was bought by me.（二）被动语态用法1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者3.动作的发出者不是人（三）被动语态基本结构：_________________（四）各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成【小试牛刀】1.The building can___________ (see) from every part of the city. It _________ (build) many yearsago.2.Yesterday Tom _________ (tell) me that his bike ________ (break) last week.3.The students ___________ often ___________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.4.Now he __________ (be) asked if the meeting ___________ (hold) next Friday.5.My teacher gave me a new book yesterday._________________________________________________________________________6.She is looking for her keys at the moment._________________________________________________________________________7.I saw some girls playing tennis on the playground when I passed._________________________________________________________________________8.In the old days, the employer made their employees work in the factory from morning to evening._________________________________________________________________________（五）主动表被动1.That book is really _____________________(值得一读).2.Harry Potter _______________________(卖得很好).3.My bike __________________________(需要修理了).4.Great changes _____________(发生了) in the countryside in recent years.【精讲精练】一、找出下列句子中的动词，并指出其属于什么动词1.He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, shewould quickly clean them with a mop.2.Li Jun, a 17-year-old girl from Shenzhen Foreign Language School, still can’t believe her10-day free training camp in the Alps in Switzerland last month was true.3.The American official, the French, Japanese who had spoken earlier all lowered their headsin shame, and did not dare to answer.4.It’s OK if it takes you a while to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meetnew people.5.The drunken man asked the police if they knew where Mabel was as he was put into the backseat of the police car.二、单项选择( )1.Choosing the right circle of friends will _______ us a lot of troubles, heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.A. saveB. shareC. keepD. bring( )2.It is helpful to ______ a good habit of reading in language learning.A. takeB. showC. developD. match( )3.The cloth ______ very soft and comfortable.A. smellsB. tastesC. feelsD. sounds( )4.The plane will ______ from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.A. take upB. take outC. take awayD. take off( )5.—How does the animal get food?—It doesn’t need to do anything. The zookeeper will _____ it with food and drink.A. offerB. provideC. divideD. give( )6.—Where are you going?—I’m going to the airport to ______ my friend, Mary. She i s going to London on holiday.A. see offB. put offC. take offD. send off( )7.—My grandma is ill in bed.—Sorry to hear that. Why not ______ a doctor?A. send forB. send upC. send awayD. send out( )8.—Do you miss your son who is at university, Mrs. Zhang?—No. I often ______ him, and make telephone calls to him.A. think aboutB. hear fromC. look afterD. learn from( )9.—We must act now because time is ______.—Yes. Let’s start.A. coming outB. giving outC. putting outD. running out( )10.—Do you still have a headache, Bill?—No, it’s ______. I’m all right now, Mum.A. droppedB. ranC. leftD. gone( )11.You _______ smoke in the hospital.A. needn’tB. oughtn’t toC. ought to notD. may not( )12.—Another cup of coffee?—No, thanks. I _____ be off. Mary is waiting for me.A. canB. mayC. mustD. might( )13.—May I watch TV for a while?—No, you _______. You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. mustn’tD. won’t( )14.—I can’t give up sm oking, doctor.—For your health, I’m afraid you ________.A. mayB. canC. have toD. must( )15.Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.A. should have arrivedB. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving( )16.When winter comes, ______ spring be far behind?A. shouldB. needC. mustD. can( )17.—Will you answer the telephone? It ______ be your mother.—Sorry. I ______. I’m very busy.A. can; mustn’tB. will; can’tC. may; can’tD. need;will( )18.You ______ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD.mightn’t( )19.—Shall we meet at the station at 8 a.m.?—In fact we ______. The train ______ until 10 a.m.A. mustn’t; doesn’t leaveB. mustn’t; leavesC. needn’t; won’t leaveD. needn’t; will leave( )20.—Are you going anywhere?—I ______ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.A. thinkB. have thoughtC. will thinkD. thought ( )21.—Does this bus go to the beach?—No. You ______ the wrong way. You want the Number 11.A. goB. were goingC. are goingD. would go( )22.—Is Tom at home?—No, he ______ to town.A. has beenB. has goneC. goesD. will go( )23.The official said they ______ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.A. makesB. would makeC. madeD. have made( )24.It ______ usually ______ at this time of year, but today it is raining heavily.A. is; rainingB. won’t; rainC. has; rainedD. doesn’t;rain( )25.I ______ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!A. leftB. went away fromC. have leftD. have been away from( )26.When we hurried to the cinema, the film ______ for ten minutes.A. had been onB. had begunC. has begunD. begun( )27.—What language ______ in that country?—German and English.A. are speakingB. are spokenC. speakD. is spoken( )28.The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it ______.A. inventsB. was inventedC. is inventedD. invented( )29.Bamboos can ______ paper.A. used to makeB. be used makeC. be used to makeD. be used to making( )30.—Would you mind my sitting here?—Sorry, it ______ already.A. has takenB. is takingC. has been takenD. took【参考答案】【知识点睛】动词种类：主动词，分为系动词（状态系动词、保持系动词、变化系动词、感官系动词）和实义动词（及物动词、不及物动词）助动词分为助动词(do/does/did/doing/done, is/are/am/was/were/being/been, have/has/had/having/had, will/would/shall/should)和情态动词(will/would/shall/should, can/could/may/might, need/must/have to/had better/ought to…)表能力表请求许可表猜测表请求许可can/may; can’t/may not/mustn’t表猜测（可能性）必须（主客观）must; needn’t禁止（否定）表肯定猜测（一定）需要情态动词must; needn’t需要实义动词时态分类：按时间分：过去、现在、将来过去：一般过去（v-ed）、过去进行（was/were doing）、过去将来（would+v.）、过去完成（had+done）现在：一般现在（v.）、现在进行（am/is/are+doing）、现在完成（have/has+done）将来：一般将来（will+v. / be going to+v.）ADid you seehave seen有时间段have hadbe closed be here be there be over be dead wear be lost be in/be a member of be up have keep be open be away (from) be asleep be awake be (in/at) be on have a cold 发出者承受者be done（四）各种时态下的主动语态和被动语态构成v.(v.-s) am/is/are +doneam/is/are +doing am/is/are being donehave/has +done have/has been donev-ed was/were donewas/were doing was/were being donehad +done had been donewould +v. would be donewill +v. will be done【小试牛刀】be seen，was built；told，broke；are，told；is，will be held；I was given a new book by my teacher yesterday. / A new book was given to me by my teacher yesterday.Her keys are being looked for by her at the moment.Some girls were seen playing tennis on the playground by me when I passed.In the old days, the employees were made to work by the employer in the factory from morning to evening.（五）主动表被动worth reading；sells well；needs repairing / to be repaired；have taken place【精讲精练】二、单项选择1-5：ACCDB 6-10：AABDD 11-15：BCCCA16-20：DCBCD 21-25：CBBDD 26-30：ADBCC名词、冠词、代词【知识点睛】一、名词_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⎪⇒⎧⎧⎪⎨⎪⎪⇒⎩⎪⎨⎨⎪⇒⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⇒⎪⎩⎩⎩分类数名词______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⎧⎪⎪⇒⎧⎨⎪⎨⎨⎪⇒⎩⎩⎪⎪⇒⎩⎧⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩⎩不可数名词所有格句法功能作定语、同位语、补语、状语⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩⎩难点1：某国人变复数难点3：名词作定语运动会：a _________ meeting two _________ meetings服装店：a _________ store two _________ stores男教师：a _________ teacher two _________ teachers女医生：a _________ doctor five _________ doctors★★除这个别名词外，其余名词作定语要用_________，如“许多苹果树many _________ trees”.二、冠词（一）冠词分类__________、__________、__________（二）不定冠词的用法1.用于单数可数名词前，泛指“某一、任一”2.用于序数词(除first外)前，表示“再一、又一”3.用于固定搭配中：a few/little/bit; have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest; (感冒)______________;(玩得高兴)_______________; in a hurry; for a while; keep a diary; (帮助某人) ____________（三）定冠词的用法1.the表示特指__________________：Kim has a cat. The cat is black._____________________：Let’s go to the supermarket!____________________：I know the girl in red.2.the表示“独一无二”3.the + 序数词，eg: on _____ second floor4.the + 形容词原级，表示“一类人”，eg: 老人：__________5.the + 形容词比较级，______ ______ (tall) of the two boys6.the + 形容词最高级，eg: ______ most beautiful city7.the + 年份的复数，表示某年代，in the 1990s8.用在姓氏的复数前，指代一家人或夫妻，eg: 格林一家_______9.西洋乐器的名词前加 play ______ piano。