沉默权论文：关于沉默权制度的思考

沉默权论文：关于沉默权制度的思考

【中文摘要】17世纪,伴随着资产阶级政权的逐步确立,沉默权开始在法律中得以确认。沉默权制度,是指犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼活动中,面对作为控诉方的侦查机关、检察机关以及审判机关等司法机关的讯问时,没有自己证明是否犯罪的义务,有权保持沉默、拒绝回答控方的讯问,控方也不能从这种拒绝或沉默中作出对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不利的法律推定的制度。因为沉默权及其制度在保障人权、保持刑事诉讼当事人地位平等防止野蛮司法等方面都具有积极作用,渐渐发展成为衡量一国刑事司法公正与否的标志之一,也被看作是现代法治国家对犯罪嫌疑人或者被告人人权保护的基础,在大多数国家的宪法、刑事诉讼法中,甚至是一些国际公约里得到了强调与维护。在上世纪之前,沉默权被不加任何限制的予以保障。而发展至当下,沉默权及其制度仍然处于被不断完善的状态,对沉默权的保障也延续一贯的加强的态势。在具体的刑事司法实践中,即使像美国这种刑事案件高发的国家,主流的观念也没有主张为了要提高打击犯罪的效率而去牺牲沉默权行使得到的公正价值。沉默权及其制度本身具有悠久的历史,但对我国来说,沉默权制度的构建还没有真正起步。1998年10月5日中国政府签署了联合国《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》,之后,2002年全国的法学学者曾召开专门性会议讨论沉默权及其制度在中国是否适用的问题,由此推动了法学界讨论的热潮。而随着近期我国刑事诉讼法的修改,是否要在我国引入沉默权掀起了新一轮的热

议。关于沉默权及其制度能够在我国的司法体系中构建,法学理论界、实务界以及社会大众等各方有着不同的见解和理由。本文试从介绍沉默权及其制度的产生发展过程开始,对沉默权及其制度的确立依据、其固有的价值以及这些价值之间的冲突性进行论述。在分析我国沉默权及其制度构建的主要障碍、构建的必要性和可行性的基础上,通过介绍目前沉默权制度在两大法系中具有代表性的国家的立法趋势,结合我国目前社会现状,对如何构建符合我国国情的、具有中国特色的沉默权及其制度提出自己的设想。

【英文摘要】The 17th century, along with the gradual establishment of the bourgeois regime, the legal right to remain silent in the beginning to be recognized. Right to Remain Silent, refers to criminal suspects and defendants in criminal activities in the face as the prosecutor’s investigation, prosecutors and other judicial and judicial interrogation, there is no obligation to prove whether a crime is entitled to maintain silent, refusing to answer the prosecution’s questioning, the prosecution does not deny or silence from this to make the suspect, the defendant’s legal presumption of adverse system. Because the right to remain silent and its system of protection of human rights, equal status of the parties to maintain criminal justice to prevent the barbaric and have an active role, gradually developed into a measure of

a country’s criminal justice or one of the signs, was also seen as the modern rule of law the suspect or accused the foundation of human rights protection. Until last century, the right to remain silent without any restriction is to be protected. The development to the present, right to remain silent and be constantly improve the system is still in the state, the protection of the right to remain silent is also consistent continuation of the strengthening of the trend.The system of the right to silence itself has a long history, but for our country, building of the right to remain silent has not really started. This article reasons why it is necessary and feasible for our country to set up the silence right, by casting back the history of this right and researching the value of it. The predicament of the right to silence in China has been mentioned,too.This article as well discusses the mode of the right to set up in our country.

【关键词】沉默权沉默权制度价值必要性可行性

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【英文关键词】silence right value fair 【目录】关于沉默权制度的思考摘要4-6Abstract6导