专业英语基础知识共32页
船舶常用英语词典
船舶日常用语notification of inspection 检查验收通知单application 申请,申请单inspection 检验,报验technical discussion 技术讨论on board 在船上in the workshop 在车间on the slipway 在船台上at pier(wharf) 在码头fair 尚好的the performance is merely fair 性能尚好terrible 极坏的,很糟的so so 马马虎虎so far ,so good 到目前,一切顺利worse更糟的worst最差、最糟improvement 改进leave no room for improvement 完美,无缺点accept subject to 有条件接收,有待于…做好后才接收reject 拒收accept 接收item 项目comments 意见 defect list消除意见清单memorandum 备忘录manual n、手册、说明书;a.手控的,手工的drawings 图纸working drawings 施工图finished drawings 完工图approved drawings 认可图drawings for approval 送审认可图supporting technical documents 基础技术文件sketch 草图draw a sketch画草图up to the standard 达到标准substandard 低于标准的crane 吊车building berth 船台slipway 船台、下水滑道dry dock 干无坞pier 突码头、突堤wharf 码头along side (船)靠码头foreman 工长,领班coordinator 调度员inspector 检查员supervisor 管理人、监督人,监造人surveyor 验船师hull 船体forecastle 艏楼stern 船尾poop 艉楼superstructure 上层建筑foremast 前桅杆after mast 后桅杆radar mast 雷达桅杆main deck 主甲板upper deck 上甲板Poop deck 艉楼甲板accommodation deck 生活甲板compass deck 罗经甲板funnel 烟囱bridge 桥楼,驾驶台bridge wing 驾驶室翼桥wheel house 驾驶室engine room 机舱engine control room 机舱集控室catwalk 天桥、步桥flying bridge (露天)航行驾驶室rescue boat 救助艇life boat 救生艇M/V merchant vessels 商船naval Auxiliary vessel 军用船naval Ship/war ship军船ice-breaker 破冰船container vessel 集装箱船oil tanker 油轮products tanks 成品油轮carrier 运输船、航空母舰、托架chemical carrier 化学品运输船liquefied gas carrier 液化气体船liquefied natural gas carrier 液化天然气运输船aircraft carrier/ aeroplane carrier 航空母舰school ship/training ship 训练船geophysical survey ship 地球物理勘探船cruiser 巡洋舰、大型快船、游艇canoe 独木船,皮舟junk 平底中国帆船、舳板gondola (意大利威尼斯的)一种狭长的平底船yacht 快艇、游艇fast boat 快艇patrol boat 巡逻艇anti-smuggling boat 缉私艇torpedo boat 公安艇ferry 渡船catamaran 双体船jet foil 喷水水翼艇wing assrsted vessel 地效船3、各专业基本词汇draft forward 前吃水draft middle 中吃水draft after 后吃水plimsoll mark/linewaterline 吃水线waterlines (型)水线port 左舷starboard 右舷sagging 中垂、下垂、下挂(流)hogging 中拱、上拱deformation 变形fairing 光顺、火工校正hot work热工、明火作业section 分段、部分、剖面block 分段keel (船舶)龙骨bilge keel 舭龙骨power tool 带动力工具(风动或电动)welder 电焊工welding machine 电焊机A.C welding 交流(电弧)焊D.C welding 直流(电弧)焊grinding 打磨slag 渣welding 电焊spatters 飞溅(电焊)under out 咬口sharp edge 快口deflection 挠曲,变形welding slags 电焊渣automatic welding 自动焊manual welding 手工焊arc welding 电弧焊gas shielded welding气体保护焊inter gas arc welding惰性气体保护电弧焊welding seam焊缝bending machine 弯曲机three-roll bending machine三芯弯板机torsional box抗扭箱void space空舱cofferdam 隔离舱bulwark舷墙,防浪板wall墙壁floor地板controllable pitch 可调桨elastic coupling 弹性联轴节bellow 波纹管joint接头gaskets垫片fitting bolts 拂螺拴chock 制动块、导缆器chock fast 环氧垫块foundation 底座、基座mounting 装置、座、架mount (常指火炮等武器的)座,架vent pipe 透气管sounding pipe探测管vapour return line油气回路管stripping line扫舱管safety equipment 安全设备life-saving equipment救生设备cargo hold 货舱cargo oil tank货油舱cabin 船舱、舱室room房间store room储藏室cold room冷库fish room鱼库meat room 肉库provision room粮库foam room 泡沫库CO2 room二氧化碳室pump room泵室battery room蓄电池室radio room 报务室galley 厨房ventilation system 通风系统fresh water piping system 淡水系统sea water piping system 海水管系water jacket水套insulation materials绝缘材料lagging绝缘材料、外套(锅炉、管子等)current电流voltage电压frequency频率contact触点、触头ballast镇流器convertor变频器、换能器conductor导体semi-conductor半导体rectifier整流器transformer变压器thermostat 恒温器thermister热敏器edison base 螺丝灯座、爱迪生灯座bayonet base卡口灯座on-off开关(量)analogue模拟,模拟设备active analogue有源模拟、主动模拟passive analogue无源模拟、被动模拟dry contact无源模拟、干接触buzzer蜂鸣器button按扭,电扭switch开关main switch主开关main switch board主配电板cable 电缆wire 电线three-core cable三蕊电缆clamp夹钳、夹具clip 接线柱、线夹alligator clip鳄鱼夹、弹簧夹voltage drop 电压降speed droop速度降低black out 黑灯试验power failure失电setting point 设定点adjust 调正(v)adjustment调正(n)oscillator振荡器、振动器oscilloprobe示波器测试头oscilloscope示波器、示波仪resistor电阻、电阻器potentiometer电位器、电势计electrolysis电解(作用)electrolyte电解质、电解液setting point of power surplus负载余量设定值重载询问test the power surplus setting point重载询问试验surface preparation表面处理(清理工作)blasting equipment喷漆(砂粒)装置sand blasting 喷砂除锈pre-blasting预喷砂lingt blasting 预喷砂full blasting 通喷砂sand sweep扫砂sand blasting to SA2.5喷砂达到SA2.5级steel work inspection after full blasting通喷砂后钢结构检查cleanliness inspection清洁度检查inspection after degreasing除去油脂后检查removing oil stains by detergent/solvent使用洗洁剂/容剂除去油迹shop primer 车间底漆spray painting喷漆、喷涂法touch-up 补漆、修正touch-up painting补漆、点漆first coat 底漆、头道漆finish coat 面漆surface coat 表面涂层under coat 内涂层wearing coat 磨耗层zinc-rich coating富锌涂层cement wash coating(薄)水泥涂层stripe coating 预涂层floor covering 地板覆层alkyd resin paint醇酸树脂漆epoxy(resin-based)paint环氧树脂涂料scuttle舷窗carpet地毯wooden skirt木裙板(踢脚)aluminum skirt稆质裙板(踢脚)brass nose装于楼梯踏步一的黄铜防滑镶条stainless screw不锈钢螺钉spring 弹簧securing dev ice固定件locking device闭锁装置,制动设备plywood胶合板,层压板laminated plate迭层板laminate层压制品,迭层板,层压板high pressure washing of the hull用高压水冲洗船壳steel plate temperature 钢板温度condensation冷凝capillary condensation毛细管现象dew point露点flashing point闪点ignition point 燃点,着火点ventilation for coating 涂装通风dehumidifier去湿机,干燥机dehumidification 去湿,去潮sagging流挂,下垂chalking粉化peeling剥落(指油漆)pinhole针孔Curecuring硬化,熟化,硫化drying film thickness(DFT)干膜(漆膜)厚度curing temperature硬化、固化温度power tools有动力的工具(包括电动及风动)pheomatic tools风动工具burnt area烧坏的区域oil stains油迹Scratches划痕damaged places遭损坏的部位chicken wire钢丝网tiles瓷砖,瓦mosaic-tile彩色瓷砖,镶嵌瓷砖,马赛克瓷砖glue胶,粘结剂silica硅石,二氧化碳silica gel硅胶decoration装饰,装修interior decoration内部装饰,内装deck head 天花板ceiling天花板paneling板墙,镶板wall墙壁desk书桌,桌台drawer 抽屉catch hook固定钩子observation window 观察窗inspection window检查孔窗clear view window旋转观察窗curtain 窗帘latch止动销,插销valance窗帘箱hanging窗帘eyebrow舷窗眉板pre-alarm预报警trip脱扣,跳闸preferential trip优先脱扣transducer换能器synchronize(便)同步synchronize motor同步电机synchronous motor异步电机step motor步进电机diode二极管triode三极管audion三极管single phase单相three phase三相phase-in逐步引进phase-shafting相移retarding phase 滞后相位reversed phase倒相,相反relay继电器timer定时器trimmer微调电容器,调正片delay延时carrier载波,载波电流transponder发射器,应答器,询问机echo-sound回声测深仪radio navigation equipment无线电导航设备log计程仪auto-pilot自动驾驶仪gyro-compass电罗经barrier屏障,障碍,栅栏zenner barrier齐纳屏(电只能单向流的半导体)radio beacon无线电信标pulse脉冲blanking plus 消隐脉冲induction感应,感应现象oscillation振荡leak(v)渗,漏leakage(n) 渗,漏overhaul大修,彻底检修hammer榔头spanner扳手,扳头ring spanner环形扳手,梅花扳手allen key 内六角扳手,box spanner套筒扳手torque spanner扭力扳手double-ended spanner双头扳手monkey spanner活络扳手,活络管扳手shifting spanner活络扳手pipe spanner管子扳手reamer铰刀reaming (用)铰(刀扩)孔countersink reamer锥形孔铰刀wrench扳手,扳头chisel凿子calipers卡钳,两脚规inside calipers内卡钳bore 内孔boroscopic inspection内孔表面检查boroscope内孔表面检查仪plug塞(子),(内燃机)火花塞cock施塞,龙头P/V valve P/V阀strainer滤器coarse strainer粗滤器fine strainer精滤器oil separator分油机Back pressure背压pressure test压力试验over speed 超速over load超负荷safety device 安全装置fly wheel飞轮floating floor 浮式地板deckhead 天花板(指由甲板形成的)ladder 梯子vertical ladder直梯inclined ladder斜梯accommodation ladder舷梯pilot ladder引水员;软梯centering对中心alignment对准,对准中心Inspection报验Installation安装Final inspection of M/E installation 主机最终安装报验Inspection of the centering of the stern tabe before fine boring 精镗前艉轴管中心校准alignment check/inspection 拉中心/校正报验completeness inspection of the thermal oil circulating piping system 热油循环管系完整性报验cleanliness inspection after flushing F.O piping system燃油管串油后清洁检查function test of steering gear舵机效甩试验hose test of water tight doors水密门冲水试验noise lever measurement噪声测量vibration level measurement 振动测量main engine (M/E) 主机generator 发电机emergency generator应急发电机shaft generator轴带发电机fresh water generator 制淡装置steering gear 舵机general service pump总用泵fire pump消防泵hydraulic motor 液压马达hydraulic nuts液压螺帽rudder舵rudder blade 舵叶propeller车叶,螺旋桨fixed pitch propeller固定螺距的螺旋桨lofting型线图放样lay off(船及部件)放样,下料plate-cutting钢板下料,开工numerically-controlled cutting machine数控切割机cutting machine切割机under water plasma cutting machine水下等离子切割机surface preparation 表面处理fabrication (焊)开坡口,边缘加工(如刨边)upside down construction method分段装配assembly 反身建法erection装配,大合拢jig装配架,胎架bow jip 船首部胎架girder纵向构件,桁(材)beam梁,横梁sections型材profile型钢(条)bar 杆,棒,棒材plate板材angle bar角钢i beam(窄缘)工字梁h beam(宽缘)工字梁stiffener扶强材bracket托架,支架,肘板support 支架frame肋骨,框架douler复板coaming(舱口)围板,缘材sinp剪切cut切割anchor锚anchor widdlass 锚机anchorage锚位,锚地chain链chain block链条滑车,神仙滑车platform平台crossover跨越(梯桥),立交life raft 救身筏life buoy 救生圈gorward winch 前绞缆机after winch 后绞缆机windlass锚机bitt带缆桩,系桩fairlead导缆钳,导缆孔hand rail扶手,栏杆beam横梁frame肋骨,框架scantling构件尺寸cargo oil tank货油舱scantling draft结构吃水forepeak tank首尖舱after peak tank尾尖舱water ballast tanks(W.B.T)压载水舱fuel oil tank(F.O.T)燃油舱kubricating oil tank(L.OT)滑油舱diesel oil tank(D.O.T)柴油舱double bottom双层底double skin双层外板,双层蒙皮bow thruster艏侧推fixed pitch propeller定螺距螺旋桨controllable pitch propeller(CPP)可调螺距螺旋桨C.P.P hydraulic oil tank 可调距桨液压储油柜propeller车叶shaft轴ship船vessel船,舰tail shaft尾轴shaft generator轴带发电机watertight doors水密门bulwark舷墙bulkhead舱壁tank top 内底,液舱顶hatch cover 舱口盖manhole 人孔fin stabilizer 减摇鳍antifouling system 防海生物的,防污染系统fabrication 分段装配prefabrication 预制,预加工assemble 装配,组装erection 大合拢,船台装配staging 脚手架block stage 分段阶段mile stone 里程碑,大节点plate-cutting 下料,开工keel-laying 上船台,龙骨铺设launching 下水mooring trial 码头试验,系泊试验sea trial(sea) 试航delivery of the ship交船defect list by the owner/society船东提出的消除意见清单/船级社提出的消除意见清单design stage设计阶段submit drawings to owner, classification society(LR、DNV、BV、ABS,etc)for approval向船东,船级社(劳氏,挪威,法国,美国等)提交认可图纸hull workshop 船体车间machining workshop 金工车间machinery engineering workshop 轮机车间electrical workshop电气车间business department. 经营处perchasing department. 供应处Q.C.Department. 检验处design dept. 设计室painting and carpenter’s workshop漆木车间project manager项目经理director指导者,厂长,董事managing director执行董事,常务董事、总经理head首长,团长,主任manager经理,管理人,干事leader领导者meeting会议negotiation谈判agreement协议shipyard船厂bulk carrier 散货船after peak tank 尾尖舱residual exhaust gas 残余废气chain locker 锚链舱audible and uisual alarm 声光报警double helical tooth 双人齿steering capacity 舵机装置calorifie vdlue 热值/热容量scaving air box 扫气箱gally room 厨房poop deck 尾楼甲板duct fan 烟道风机fire damper 防风闸workship 机修间E/R (PS/SB) 机舱(左/右)弦steering gear room 舵机舱gearator 发电机Em’cy generator set room 应急发电机室paint store 油漆间air condition room 空调机室release cabinet 施放箱co2cylinder co2瓶axial nozzle co2喷头sump 油底壳pump 泵suction 吸口transferring 输送purify 净化provid 焊接mist water fire extinguish 水雾灭火composite bolier 废气燃油组合锅炉HFO purifier 燃油分油机main switchboard 主配电板current 电源repeater panel 复示板wheel house 驾驶室bride deck 驾驶甲板compass deck 罗经甲板laundry room 洗衣房sweage pipe 污水管sweage deaeration pipe 污水透气管sight glass 视流器steam tracing pipe 蒸汽拌形管guage pipe 压力表管cooling FW pipe 冷却淡水管cooling SW pipe 冷却海水管HFO storage 燃油储存MDO 柴油HDO 重燃油sludge pipe 油渣管drain pipe 泄放管hydraulic pipe 液压管diff pressure valve 稳压阀pressure reg valve 调压阀H.F.O service tank 燃油日用舱F.O transferring pipe 燃油输送管ballast water pipe 压载水管welded sleave 套筒pneumatic batterfly valve 气动蝶阀thermostat valve 温度调节阀dock 船坞accessories 附件incinerator 焚烧炉double nuts 双螺母paint store 油漆间suction 吸口healing pump 平衡泵transmitter 传感器pump control pressure 泵压力控制器pressure compensator 压力补偿器servo pressure gauge 伺服压力表waster oil tank 废油舱piping fresh test 管路清洗试验sweage holding tank 污水收集舱control cabinet 控制箱rotaty fan blower 鼓风机scupper 医务室/诊疗室L.L.W.L 轻载水线Salinomatter 盐度计grease trap 撇油器funnel vent 烟囱disinfection pump 计量泵disinfection tank 药剂柜oil mist in crankcase 曲轴箱油雾浓度spill box 围油井bunker station 加油站drain plug 泄放螺塞compound gauge 真空压力表simplex filiter 单联滤器spectacle flange 双联法兰thermometer 温度计level indication 液位指示overflow alarm 溢流报警装置TEU(twenty-foot equivalent uints)集装箱Proprellor 螺旋桨propelsion 推进装置Roll-on/Roll-off ship(Ro-Ro ship)滚装船bulk-carrier 散货船tubo-blower 涡轮增压器船舶类型常用英语ship, vessel 船,船舶boat, craft 艇sampan 舢板, 小船manpowered boat 人力船sailor; sailing boat 帆船motor sailor 机帆船power-driven ship 机动船paddle steamer, paddle wheel vessel 明轮船screw ship; propeller vessel 螺旋桨船airscrew ship; aerial propeller vessel 空气螺旋桨船hovercraft; aircushion craft 气垫船hydrofoil 水翼船hydrojet propelled boat, water jet boat 喷水船steamship; steamer 蒸汽机船motor ship 内燃机船diesel ship 柴油机船electrically-propelled ship 电力推进船steam turbine ship 汽轮机船gas turbine ship 燃气轮机船nuclear-power ship 核动力船deck ship 甲板船flush deck ship 平甲板船raised quarter-deck ship 尾升高甲板船well-deck ship 半舱船single side ship 单舷长大舱口船three-island ship 三岛式船double shell ship 双壳船riveted ship 铆接船welded ship 焊接船transversely framed ship 横骨架式船longitudinally framed ship 纵骨架式船combined framed ship 混合骨架式船sea-going vessel 海船ocean-going vessel 远洋船coaster 沿海船channel ship 海峡船inland waterway vessel 内河船civil ship; merchant ship 民用船;商船transport ship 运输船pleasure yacht 游艇passenger ship 客船coasting passenger and cargo ship沿海客货船passenger and auto-car carrier 旅客及汽车运输船tourist ship; passenger carrier 旅游船cargo ship; freighter 货船cargo liner 定期货船tramp ship 不定期货船container ship 集装箱船full-container ship 全集装箱船semi-container ship 半集装箱船multi-purpose container ship 多用途集装箱船general cargo ship/vessel/carrier 杂货船bulk (cargo) carrier 散货船ore carrier 矿砂船grain carrier 运粮船coal carrier; coaler 运煤船lumber(timber) carrier 运木船cattle carrier 运牲畜船multi-purpose ship 多用途船liquid cargo ship 液体货货船chemical tank 化学品液货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船liquefied gas carrier 液化气体船liquefied petroleum gas tanker (LPG)液化石油气运输船liquefied natural gas tanker (LNG) 液化天然气运输船tanker; oil tanker 油轮super tanker 超级油轮VLCC (very large crude carrier)(吨位在20万至30 万吨之间的) 巨型油轮ULCC (ultra-large crude carrier)(吨位在30万至50万吨之间的) 超巨型油船refrigerated ship; cold storage ship 冷藏船roll-on/roll-off ship (RO/RO ship) 滚装船ferry 渡船passenger ferry 旅客渡船freight ferry 货物渡船fishing vessel(boat) 渔轮trawler 拖网渔轮barge carrier; lighter aboard ship(LASH)载驳船barge; lighter 驳船deck barge 甲板驳well-deck barge 半舱驳double shell barge 双壳驳single side barge 单舷长大舱口驳oil barge 油驳container barge 集装箱驳船RO/RO barge 滚装驳船liquefied gas barge 液化气体驳hopper barge 开底泥驳split hopper barge 对开泥驳pusher; pushboat 顶推船;推船working ship 工程船tug; tugboat; towboat 拖船harbor tug 港作拖船rescue tug 救助拖轮salvage ship 救捞船dredger 挖泥船trailing suction dredge 耙吸挖泥船cutter suction dredger 绞吸挖泥船bucket wheel dredger 斗轮挖泥船bucket dredger 链斗挖泥船reclamation craft 吹泥船grab dredger 抓斗挖泥船dipper dredger 铲斗挖泥船floating pitter; drive pitter 打桩船floating crane; derrick boat 起重船floating dock 浮船坞cable layer; cable ship 布缆船scientific surveying ship 科学考察船research ship 科学调查船oceanographic research vessel 海洋调查船surveying ship 测量船ice-breaker 破冰船pontoon 浮舟; 浮桥; 趸船, 浮码头high speed craft 高速船passenger catamaran 双体客船vehicle ferry catamaran 双体车辆渡船vehicle-passenger ferry catamaran 双体车客渡船pontoon catamaran 双体趸船船舶结构常用英语center line 中心线,中线athwartships 横对船体(与船首尾线直交)bevel 斜角;斜面base line 基线amidships 在船中部;在纵中线上designed waterline breadth 设计水线宽designed waterline length 设计水线长draft 吃水former/aft draft 首/尾吃水draft figures 吃水尺度intersection 交点;交叉;横断面knuckle 折角线length between perpendicular 垂线间长length overall 总长load waterline length 满载水线长register length (breadth; depth) 登记长度(宽度、深度)freeboard 干舷rise of floor (dead; rise) 舭高;船底loadline mark 载重水线标记fresh water load line (F.) 淡水载重线fresh water timber load line (L.F.) 淡水木材载重线tropical fresh water load line (TF) 热带淡水载重线tropical load line (T) 热带载重线summer load line(S) 夏季载重线summer freshwater load line(F) 夏季淡水载重线winter load line(W) 冬季载重线winter North Atlantic load line(WNA)冬季北大西洋载重线even keel (首尾)等吃水,平载extreme breadth 最大宽度floatable length 可浸长度sheer at forward (after) perpendicular首尾舷弧sheer line 舷弧线accommodation 居住舱室accommodation deck 起居舱室;旅客甲板accommodation ladder 舷梯accommodation ladder platform 舷梯平台accommodation ladder manrope 舷梯扶索after body 后(部船)体after peak bulkhead 艉尖舱舱壁after peak tank 艉尖舱air hole 空气孔air pipe 空气管appendage (船体水线下的)附体;附件auxiliary machinery 辅助机械;辅机balanced rudder 平衡舵ballast 压载(物)ballast line 压载水管系ballast pump 压载水泵ballast pumping system 压载水系统ballast tank(water) 压载舱(水)batten 板条;压条(封仓用)batten-ceiling (货舱内)护舱条,护板beam 横梁beam bracket 梁肘板bearding 交合线,榫(艏柱或艉柱上)bending moment 弯矩bilge 舭部;舱底;(船底)污水沟bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge keel(chock, piece) 舭龙骨bilge knee 舭肘板bilge line 舭水管系bilge main 舭水总管bilge pipe (suction) 舭吸水管bilge pump 舭水泵bilge strake(plate) 舭列板bilge well 污水井bitt 系缆桩bollard 系缆桩;系船柱;双系柱bolster 枕垫bonnet 烟囱帽;机罩boom 杆;吊杆;桁;叉架boom crutch(support; rest) 吊杆支架bossing 尾管突出部;轴包套bottom frame 船底横骨bottom longitudinal 船底纵骨bottom plate 船底板bow 船首,船头bow fender 艏护垫bow flare 艏部外飘bow thruster 首侧推器bracket 肘板;(三角)拖架breakwater 挡浪板bridge 桥;桥楼;驾驶台bulb angle 圆头角材bulbous bow 球形船首,球鼻首bulb stern 球形船尾bulkhead 舱壁bulkhead plating 舱壁板bulkhead stiffener 舱壁扶强材bulwark 舷墙bulwark plating 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙扶强材bunker tank 燃料舱bushing 衬套butt 端接;残片butt joint(seam) 平接缝butt riveting 对接铆butt welding 对接焊butterfly clip 蝴蝶夹bypass valve 旁通阀cable stopper 止链器camber 翘曲camber of beam 梁拱cant beam 斜梁cant bracket 斜角板cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever 悬臂梁capstan 绞盘;绞缆机cargo batten 货舱护板cargo block 吊货滑车cargo port 装货舷梯,舷门cat walk (油轮上的)天桥,步桥center girder 中底桁center strake 中央内底板chafing plate 防擦板chafing ring 防擦环chain lock(well) 锚链舱chain pipe 锚链管chain stopper 止链器chock 导缆器;垫木clamp plate 夹板,压板cleat 羊角;系绳铁栓;防滑条coaming 围板;舱口围板cofferdam 隔离舱collar plate 封板collision bulkhead 船首舱壁;防撞舱壁companion way(hatch) 升降口corrugated bulkhead 槽形舱壁corrugation 皱;槽形;波形cross deck structure 舱间甲板结构crossing strength member 交叉强力构件cruiser stern 巡洋舰型船尾curtain plate 幕板cut out 开口;切davit 吊艇架;吊艇柱deck 甲板deck beam 甲板横梁deckhouse 甲板室deck line 甲板线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer(plate) 甲板边板deep tank 深舱derrick 吊杆diaphragm 隔板double bottom 双层底doubling plate 双层焊合板drain hole 排水孔duct keel 箱形龙骨dunnage 垫舱(物料);衬垫dunnage wood 垫木dynamic load 动载荷end bracket 端肘板escape trunk (船内)应急通道engine bed 机座engine casing 机舱围壁escape scuttle (船内)应急出口escape vent 脱险口expansion joint 伸缩接头expansion trunk(tank) (油船)膨胀深井extension bracket 延伸肘板face plate 面板fender 碰垫;护舷材fender bar 护舷条fair lead 导缆器flame screen 防焰罩flange 折边flanged bracket 折边肘板flat keel 平板龙骨floor 肋板folding door 折门forecastle deck 艏楼甲板fore peak tank (船的)首舱;前尖舱forward perpendicular 首垂线foundation 底座frame 肋骨frame number 肋骨跨数frame space 肋距freeing port 甲板排水孔;放水孔gangway (gang ladder or gang board) 舷梯gasket 垫圈,垫料(集)密封垫general service pipe (G.S pump) 通用泵,总用泵girder 桁材gooseneck(parity iron) 鹅颈头;吊杆弯头grating 格子板;滑铁板ground tackle 锚泊索具gunwale 舷缘;舷边gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale bar 舷边角材gunwale railing 舷边栏杆gunwale tank 舷侧水柜(甲板下)gusset 角板;扣板gutter (甲板)水沟;槽沟gutter angle; waterway angle (舷侧)排水沟角钢gypsy 绞筒(锚机绞车上的)handrail 舷墙扶手hanging rudder; hinged rudder 吊舵;悬舵hatch; hatchway; hatch opening 舱口hatch bar 封舱压条hatch batten 舱口边压条hatch beam (web) 舱口大梁hatch booby 活动舱口盖hatch coaming 舱口板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch end beam 舱口端梁hatch moulding 舱口椽材hatch side girder 舱口纵桁hatch tarpaulin 盖舱布hatch trunk 舱口围阱hawse pipe 锚链管hawser 绳索;大缆heel 踵材;横倾hinged cover(door) 铰链盖(门)hold 货舱hold beam 舱内梁hold frame 舱内肋骨hold ladder 舱内梯hold stanchion(pillar) 舱内支柱hold stringer 舱内纵桁hopper 漏斗;开舱泥驳hopper tank 底边舱hopper tank sloping plating 底边舱斜板horizontal margin plate 水平内底板horizontal girder 水平桁horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材(防挠材)hull 船壳,船体hull construction 船体结构hull plating 船壳板hull strength 船体强度inner bottom 内底inner bottom plating 内底板insert plate 嵌板;衬板jack 千斤顶jack ladder 绳梯Jacob's ladder 软梯;绳梯Joggled joint 折接;弯合joggling machine 折曲机keel 龙骨keelblock 龙骨墩keel line 龙骨线;艏艉线keel plate 龙骨板keel rail (救生艇)艇底把手keelson 内龙骨kingpost 起重柱;将军柱knee 肘板;弯头knee of the deck 甲板梁肘板lightening hole 减轻孔lignum vitae 铁梨木local strength 局部强度local stress 局部应力longitudinal 纵骨;纵材;纵桁longitudinal bulkhead 纵舱壁longitudinal bending 纵向弯曲longitudinal framing system 纵骨架式longitudinal strength 纵向强度lug 耳板main deck 主甲板main frame 主肋骨manhole 人孔man hole door 人孔盖man hole coaming 人孔围板moment of inertia 惯性矩margin plate 内底边板molded breadth 型宽molded depth 型深mooring hole 导缆孔mooring post 系缆柱;岸柱mud box 泥箱non-return valve 止回阀non-watertight bulkhead 非水密舱壁notch 切口;槽口;刻痕oscillating load 振动负荷parallel middle body 平行中体panel stiffener 板格扶强材panting arrangement 防挠振结构panting beam 防挠振梁panting stringer 防挠振纵桁pillar 支柱;墩pintle 舵销plane bulkhead 平面舱壁plane keel 平板龙骨pump room 泵舱helm(rudder) pintle 舵销horizontal margin plate 水平内底边板out bottom plating 外底板platform 平台plating 壳板plimsoll mark 载重线标志poop 艉楼;船尾poop deck 艉楼甲板port 舷门;舱门;(装货)口;窗;门;孔porthole 舷窗;(装货)舷门propeller; propellor 推进器;螺旋桨propeller aperture 螺旋桨空间propeller boss(bub) 螺旋桨毂propeller shaft 艉轴racking (船体)横向挠度rail 扶手;栏杆rolling 横摇round of beam 梁拱round stern 圆(船)尾rudder 舵rudder carrier 舵托rudder casing 舵杆管rudder pintle 舵针;舵栓rudder plate; rudder blade 舵叶;舵板rudder post 舵柱rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围壁;舵杆管rung (梯子)踏步;横档scallop 扇形开孔scantling 构件尺寸scantling of the structure 结构尺寸scarf; scarph 嵌接处;斜面;斜接scarf joint 斜(嵌)接scarf weld (斜面)焊接scarfing bracket 嵌接肘板scupper 排水孔scupper pipe 排水管scuttle 舷窗;人孔(盖);小舱口盖seam 焊缝;接缝section 剖面section modulus 剖面模数semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵shaft 轴shaft bracket 轴架shaft tube; stern tube 艉轴管shaft tunnel(alley; passage; trunk) 轴隧,地轴弄shedder plate 泄板;斜板sheer 舷弧;偏航sheer strake 舷顶列板shell 船壳;壳shell frame 舷侧肋骨shell plating 船壳板;外板shell strake; outside plating 船体外板shelter deck 遮蔽甲板shifting beam 活动舱口梁shifting board (or plank) 止移板(散装谷类);防动板side girder 旁桁材side longitudinal 舷侧纵骨side plating 舷侧外板side strake 舷侧列板single bottom 单层底skid 护舷木;垫板skylight 天窗slanting plate 斜板slop tank 污油水舱sloping plate 斜板sloping plate longitudinal 斜板纵骨slot 槽;开缝sluice 水密门;水闸sluice valve 闸阀sniped end 削斜端soft toe 软趾solid floor 实肋板sounding pipe 测量管;测深管stabilizer 减摇装置stabilizing tank 减摇水舱staging 构架;台架;脚手架stanchion 支柱;栏杆柱static load 静载荷stay 支柱;撑条;支索stay bar(or rod) 撑杆stay plate 撑板stem 艏;艏柱;艏材stem post 艏柱stern 船尾,艉部stern counter 船尾突出体stern shaft; propeller shaft 艉轴stern poop 艉楼stern post 尾柱stiffener 防挠材;扶强材;加固物stool 托架,座,凳strake 列板strength calculation 强度计算strength deck 强力甲板stringer 纵桁stringer plate 甲板边板structural member 构件structural strength 结构强度strum box (舱底水)过滤箱strut 撑材,支柱,轴架stuffing box 填料箱superstructure 上层建筑tail (end) shaft 艉轴tarpaulin 防水油布,帆布,舱盖布thrust bearing(block) 推力轴承thrust shaft collars 推力环tieplate 带板,牵板,连接板topside tank 顶边舱;上边柜topside tank sloping plating 顶边舱斜板torsion 扭转torsion strength 扭转强度transom stern 方形船尾transverse 横梁,横材transverse bulkhead 横舱壁transverse frame 横肋骨,横框transverse framing system 横骨架式transverse ring 横环transverse strength 横向强度tripping bracket 防倾肘板tween deck 中间甲板tween deck frame 甲板间肋骨twisting distortion 扭转变形twisting moment 扭转力矩tunnel 轴隧,隧道,风筒tunnel escape 轴隧应急出口tunnel shaft bearing 中间轴支撑轴承ullage pipe (port) 油位测定管(孔)ullage space 空挡空间upper deck 上甲板upper (reverse) frame 内底横骨upper (lower) shelf plate 上(下)支架板upper (lower) stool 上(下)托架ventilator 通风筒vertical ballast trunk 竖向压载通道vertical girder 竖桁warping chocks 滚轮导缆钳wash bulkhead 可荡舱壁,挡水舱壁watertight bulkhead 水密舱壁watertight deck 水密门weather deck 露天甲板web beam 强横梁,桁板横梁web frame 加强肋骨,框架肋骨,桁板肋骨web plate 腹板wedge 楔木,楔子winch 起货机winch-head 绞车卷筒windlass 起锚机wing tank 翼舱,翼柜wire clip 钢缆夹wire reel 卷缆车,钢丝滚筒船舶材料及工艺常用英语A.Shipbuilding material (造船材料)T-bar T型钢Z-bar Z型钢I-B ar 工字钢channel bar 槽钢angle steel 角钢equal angle steel 等边角钢unequal angle steel 不等边角钢offset bulb plate 球扁钢flat plate 钢板round steel 圆钢half round steel 半圆钢steel pipe 钢管alloy steel 合金钢special steel 特种钢tempering steel 回火钢材low carbon steel 低碳钢high tensile steel 高强度钢copper 紫铜brass 黄铜aluminum alloy 铝合金stainless steel 不锈钢mechanical property 机械性能tensile test 拉伸试验bend test 弯曲试验impact test 冲击试验torsion test 扭转试验torsion strength 抗扭强度torsional deflection 扭转;扭转变形tensile strength 拉伸强度yield strength 屈服强度yield point 屈服点yield stress 屈服应力elastic limit 弹性极限ultimate strength 极限强度ultimate tensile stress 极限拉伸应力elasticity 弹性ductility 延展性,可塑(锻)性flexibility 挠性,柔性,易弯性toughness 韧性brittleness 脆性friability 易碎性hardness 硬度rigidity 刚性,稳定性heat treatment 热处理quench 淬火normalising 正火annealing 退火hardening 硬化,淬火tempering 回火casting 铸件,铸造forging 锻件,锻造pickling 酸洗ship timber 船用木材lignumvitae 铁梨木three-plywood 三夹板asbestos 石棉asbestos cloth 石棉布asbestos board 石棉板asbestos sheet 石棉纸asbestos cord 石棉绳asbestos paint 石棉涂料fiberglass 玻璃丝plastics 塑料resin 树脂rubber 橡皮painting 油漆cladding 镀层,表面处理coating 涂层,敷料corrosion 腐蚀,侵蚀wastage 损耗,蚀耗wear and tear 蚀损,磨损fracture 裂纹fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹hairline fracture 发式裂纹buckling 皱折deformation 变形deflection, deflexion 挠曲flexion 弯曲lamellar tearing 层间撕裂rust 铁锈scale 锈皮pitting 点蚀,锈斑indent 凹痕,凹陷groove 槽沟detachment 脱开,脱焊rupture 断裂,破裂cropping 割掉renewal 换新descale 除锈grind 磨平be veed out 刨除alignment 对准,校直snip 剪断,剪片taper 削斜,斜度B.Shipbuilding workmanship (造船工艺)working drawing 施工图end elevation 后面图front elevation 正面图side elevation 侧面图plane 平面图lines plan 型线图plan of waterlines 水线图general arrangement plan 总布置图construction plan 结构图damage plan 损坏示意图shell expansion plan 外板展开图docking plan 进坞图framing plan 船体构架图inboard profile plan 纵剖面图midship section plan 舯剖面图loaded waterline plane 满载水线图half breadth plan 半宽水线图stowage plan 配载图laying off lofting 放样mold loft floor 放样台mold loft 放样间template 样板mold loft batten, template batten 木样条evolute 展开线allowance 余量assembly 装配subassembly 分段装配subdivision length 分段长度shipbuilding tolerance 造船公差building berth 船台building dock 干坞slip dock 湿坞marine slipway, railway dry dock 船排marine slipway cradle 船排支架building block, stocks 枕木launch 下水launching ways 下水滑道launching grade 下水坡度launching cradle 下水架end launching 纵向下水side way launching 横向下水hydraulic press 水压机flanging machine 折边机plate bending machine 弯板机angle cutter 角钢切断机planing machine 刨边机shearing machine 剪床guillotine shear 龙门剪床oxy-acetylene welding 氧-乙炔焊co2 gas welding 二氧化碳气体焊arc welding 电弧焊unionmelt welding 埋弧自动焊fusion welding 熔焊fillet welding 角焊flat seam 对接缝butt joint welding 对接焊intermittent welding 间断焊;断续焊staggered intermittent welding 交错断续焊缝lap weld 搭接焊slot weld 槽焊;长孔焊plug weld 塞焊;圆孔焊run of welding 焊道welding torch 焊炬welding rod 焊条flux 焊药filler metal; deposited metal 熔敷金属welding stress 焊接应力welding procedure 焊接方法welding throat 焊喉cutting torch 割炬acetylene generator 乙炔发生器slag 熔渣undercut (焊接)咬边;根切hydraulic test 水压试验pressure test 压力试验flooding test 灌水试验hose test 冲水试验oil tight test 油密试验purchase trial 交船试船体检验常用英语。
数控专业英语
数控专业英语数控专业英语340个数控专业是一个与机器打交道的专业,当然也少不了英语的学习,以下是本店铺整理的数控专业英语,欢迎参考阅读!1、ROM n.只读存储器2、rotate v.旋转3、rotation n.旋转4、rotor n.转子5、rough adj.粗糙的6、RPM n.转/分7、RSTR(restart) v.重启动8、run v.运行9、sample n.样本,示例10、save v.存储11、save as 另存为12、scale n.尺度,标度13、scaling n.缩放比例14、schedule n.时间表,清单15、screen n.屏幕16、screw n.丝杠,螺杆17、search v.搜索18、second n.秒19、segment n.字段20、select v.选择21、selection n.选择22、self-diagnostic 自诊断23、sensor n.传感器24、sequence n.顺序25、sequence number 顺序号26、series n.系列,adj.串行的27、series spindle n.数字主轴28、servo n.伺服29、set v.设置30、setting n.设置31、shaft n.轴32、shape n.形状33、shift v.移位34、SIEMENSE(德国)西门子公司35、sign n.符号,标记36、signal n.信号37、skip v,n.跳步38、slave adj.从属的39、SLC n.小型逻辑控制器40、slide n.滑台,v.滑动41、slot n.槽42、slow adj.慢43、soft key n.软键盘44、software n.软件45、space n.空格,空间46、SPC n.增量式脉冲编码器47、speed n.速度48、spindle n.主轴49、SRAM n.静态随机存储器50、SRH(search) v.搜索51、start v.启动52、statement n.语句53、stator n.定子54、status n.状态55、step n.步56、stop v.停止,n.挡铁57、store v.储存58、strobe n.选通59、stroke n.行程60、subprogram n.子程序61、sum n.总和62、surface n.表面63、SV(servo) n.伺服64、switch n.开关65、switch off v.关断66、switch on v.接通67、symbol n.符号,标记68、synchronous adj.同步的69、SYS(system) n.系统70、system n.系统71、tab n.制表键72、table n.表格73、tail n.尾座74、tandem adv.一前一后,串联75、tandem control n.纵排控制(加载预负荷的控制方式)76、tank n.箱体77、tap n,v.攻丝78、tape n.磁带,纸带79、tape reader n.纸带阅读机80、tapping n.攻丝81、teach in 示教82、technique n.技术,工艺83、temperature n.温度84、test v,n.测试85、thread n.螺纹86、time n.时间,次数87、tolerance n.公差88、tool n.刀具,工具89、tool pot n.刀杯90、torque n.扭矩91、tower n.刀架,转塔92、trace n.轨迹,踪迹93、track n.轨迹,踪迹94、tranducer n.传感器95、transfer v.传输,传送96、transformer n.变压器97、traverse v.移动98、trigger v.触发99、turn v转动,n转,回合100、turn off v.关断101、turn on v.接通102、turning n.转动,车削103、unclamp v.松开104、unit n.单位,装置105、unload n.卸载106、unlock v.解锁107、UPS n.不间断电源108、user n.用户109、value n.值110、variable n.变量,adj.可变的111、velocity n.速度112、velocity loop n.速度环113、verify v.效验114、version n.版本115、vertical a.垂直的116、voltage n.电压117、warning n.警告118、waveform n.波形119、wear n,v.磨损120、weight n.重量,权重121、wheel n.轮子,砂轮122、window n.窗口,视窗123、workpiece n.工件124、write v.写入125、wrong n.错误,adj.错的126、year n.年127、zero n.零,零位128、zone n.区域129、increment n.增量130、incremental adj.增量的131、indeX 分度,索引132、initial adj.原始的133、initialization n.C523初始化134、initialize v.初始化135、input n.v.输入136、INS() v.插入137、v.插入138、instruction n.说明139、interface n.接口140、internal adj.内部的141、interpolate v.插补142、interpolation n.插补143、interrupt v.中断144、interruption n.中断145、intervent n.间隔,间歇146、involute n.渐开线147、ISO n.国际标准化组织148、jog n.点动149、jump v.跳转150、key n.键151、keyboard n.键盘152、label n.标记,标号153、ladder diagram 梯形图154、language n.语言155、lathe n.车床156、LCD n.液晶显示157、least adj.最小的158、length n.长度159、LIB(library) n.库160、library n.库161、life n.寿命162、light n.灯163、limit n.极限164、limit switch n.限位开关165、line n.直线166、linear adj.线性的167、linear scale n.直线式传感器168、link n,v.连接169、list n,v.列表170、load n.负荷,v.装载171、local adj.本地的172、locate v.定位,插销173、location n.定位,插销174、lock v.锁定175、logic n.逻辑176、look ahead v.预,超前177、loop n.回路,环路178、LS n.限位开关179、LSI n.大规模集成电路180、machine n.机床,v.加工181、macro n.宏182、macro program n.宏程序183、magazine n.刀库184、magnet n.磁体,磁185、magnetic a.磁的186、main program n.主程序187、maintain v.维护188、maintenance n.维护189、MAN(manual) n.手动190、management n.管理191、manual n.手动192、master adj.主要的193、maX adj.最大的,n.最大值194、maXimum adj.最大的,n.最大值195、MDI n.手动数据输入196、meaning n.意义197、measurement n.测量198、memory n.存储器199、menu n.菜单200、message n.信息201、meter n.米202、metric adj.米制的203、mill n.铣床,v.铣削204、min adj.最小的,n.最小值205、minimum adj.最小的,n.最小值206、minus v.减,adj.负的207、minute n.分钟208、mirror image n.镜像209、miscellaneous function n.辅助功能210、MMC n.人机通讯单元211、modal adj.模态的212、modal G code n.模态G代码213、mode n.方式214、model n.型号215、modify v.修改216、module n.模块217、MON(monitor) v.监控218、monitor v.监控219、month n.月份220、motion n.运动221、motor n.电机222、mouse n.鼠标223、MOV(移动) v.移动224、move v.移动225、movement n.移动226、multiply v.乘227、N number n.程序段号228、N.M n.牛顿。
英语常用基础
英语常用基础1. 词汇英语是一门首要依赖词汇的语言,以下是一些常用的基础词汇:•Greetings–Hello–Hi–Good morning/afternoon/evening–How are you?•Numbers–One–Two–Three–Four–Five•Colors–Red–Blue–Green–Yellow–Orange•Days of the week–Monday–Tuesday–Wednesday–Thursday–Friday•Months of the year–January–February–March–April–May2. 语法英语语法是学习英语的基础,以下是一些常用的语法知识:•Subject-Verb Agreement–The subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular or plural).•Example: She is a doctor.•Tenses–Present, past, and future tenses are commonly used in English.•Example: He plays football every Sunday.•Articles–Articles are the words ‘a’, ‘an’, and ‘the’.•Example: The cat is black.•Plurals–For most nouns, the plural is formed by adding ‘s’ or ‘es’.•Example: There are three dogs in the yard.3. 句型掌握一些常用的句型可以帮助我们更流畅地表达自己,以下是一些常用的英语句型:•Subject-Verb-Object–Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) is a common sentence structure in English.•Example: Mary (subject) eats (verb) an apple (object).•Question Formation–Questions in English are formed by inverting the subject and auxiliary verb.•Example: Do you like pizza?•Comparisons–Comparisons are often made using ‘more’ or ‘less’.•Example: She is more intelligent than him.•Conditionals–Conditional sentences express hypothetical situations.•Example: If it rains, I will bring an umbrella.4. 常用短语英语中有许多常用的短语,掌握这些短语可以帮助我们更自然地表达想法,以下是一些常用的英语短语:•Common Phrases–Thank you–Excuse me–I’m sorry–Can you help me?•At the Restaurant–I’d like to order a coffee, please.–The bill, please.–Do you have a vegetarian option?•Directions–Where is the nearest bank?–How do I get to the train station?–Turn left/right at the traffic lights.5. 阅读习惯阅读是提升英语水平的有效方法,以下是一些培养英语阅读习惯的建议:•Read Regularly–Make it a habit to read in English every day, even if it’s just a few sentences.•Use Variety–Read different types of materials such as newspapers, magazines, books, and online articles.•Take Notes–Jot down unfamiliar words or phrases and look them up later.•Practice Skimming and Scanning–Skim for the main idea and scan for specific information to improve reading speed and comprehension.总结以上是关于英语常用基础的介绍,词汇、语法、句型、常用短语以及阅读习惯都是学习英语的重要组成部分。
化学专业英语化合物的命名
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Naming compounds
1. Metal oxide Metal oxide = Cation + oxide
for example:
FeO
Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Pb3O4 Na2O2
Iron(II) oxide (Ferrous oxide) Iron(III) oxide (Ferric oxide) Ferroferric oxide Trilead tetroxide Sodium peroxide
(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate )
Anion’s name = Central Element’s root -ate
for example:
ClO3- Chlorate PO43- Phosphate SO42- Sulfate
IO3- Iodate NO3- Nitrate CO32- Carbonate
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(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate )
Anion’s name = Per-central Element’s root -ate
for example:
ClO4IO4MnO4-
Perchlorate Periodate Permanganate
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(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite )
Anion’s name = Central element’s root -ite
for example: ClO2- Chlorite IO2- Iodite PO33- Phosphite NO2- Nitrite SO32- Sulfite
英语所有知识点总结
英语所有知识点总结1. Parts of Speech:- Noun: Names a person, place, thing, or idea.- Pronoun: Takes the place of a noun.- Verb: Expresses action or a state of being.- Adjective: Modifies a noun or pronoun.- Adverb: Modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb.- Conjunction: Connects words, phrases, or clauses.- Preposition: Shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.- Interjection: Expresses strong emotion.2. Sentence Structure:- Subject: Performs the action or is described in the sentence.- Predicate: The action or state of being performed by the subject.- Object: Receives the action of the verb.- Clause: A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate.3. Tenses:- Present: Actions happening now or continuous actions.- Past: Actions that occurred in the past.- Future: Actions that will happen in the future.- Present Continuous: Actions happening right now.- Present Perfect: Actions that have been completed.- Past Continuous: Actions that were ongoing in the past.- Past Perfect: Actions that were completed before a certain point in the past.- Future Continuous: Actions that will be ongoing in the future.- Future Perfect: Actions that will be completed at some point in the future.4. Articles:- "A" and "an" are used for nonspecific things.- "The" is used for specific things.5. Subject-Verb Agreement:- Verbs must agree with their subjects in number and person.6. Modifiers:- Adjectives and adverbs modify nouns and verbs.7. Comparative and Superlative Forms:- Comparative form is used for comparing two things.- Superlative form is used for comparing three or more things.8. Passive Voice:- The subject of the sentence is acted upon by the verb.9. Punctuation:- Period: Used to end a sentence.- Comma: Used to separate items in a list and to separate clauses.- Colon: Used to introduce a list or an explanation.- Semicolon: Used to join two independent clauses.- Question mark: Used to end a question.- Exclamation mark: Used to show strong emotion.- Quotation marks: Used to enclose direct speech and to indicate titles of shorter works. - Apostrophe: Used for contractions and to show possession.10. Spelling and Vocabulary:- Understanding the meaning and usage of words.11. Reading Comprehension:- Understanding and interpreting a written passage.12. Writing Skills:- Organizing ideas into logical and coherent paragraphs.- Expressing ideas clearly and effectively.13. Listening and Speaking:- Understanding spoken language and communicating effectively in conversations.14. Word Formation:- Understanding the construction and formation of words, including prefixes, suffixes, and root words.15. Idioms and Phrasal Verbs:- Understanding the meaning and usage of idiomatic expressions and verb phrases.16. Grammar Rules:- Understanding and following the rules of English grammar, including sentence structure, tense usage, and agreement.17. Literary Devices:- Recognizing and understanding literary devices such as metaphor, simile, personification, and symbolism.18. Contextual Understanding:- Understanding language in different contexts, including formal and informal language, and the nuances of meaning in different situations.This summary covers a wide range of knowledge points in English language and grammar, including parts of speech, sentence structure, tenses, articles, subject-verb agreement, modifiers, comparative and superlative forms, passive voice, punctuation, spelling and vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing skills, listening and speaking, word formation, idioms and phrasal verbs, grammar rules, literary devices, and contextual understanding. Each of these points is essential for a comprehensive understanding and proficient use of the English language.。
江苏自考--英语二词汇表
organizational [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃənəl, -ni'z-] a.组织(上)的goal [ɡəul] n.1.目的,目标;2.得分进球,球门objective [əb'dʒektiv, ɔb-] n.目标,目的;a.1.客观的,真实的;2如实的,无偏见的accomplish [ə'kʌmpliʃ, ə'kɔm-] vt.完成(任务等)predict [pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言;预示accompany [ə'kʌmpəni] vt.1.伴随,陪同; 2.为……伴奏implement ['implimənt, 'impliment] vt.实现;完成(任务等);履行(协定、诺言等)constraint [kən'streint] n.1.强制;2强制因素,制约条件precedent [pri'si:dənt, 'presi-] n.先例,前例simplify ['simplifai] vt.简化tendency ['tendənsi] n.趋势,倾向managerial [,mæni'dʒiəriəl] a.1.经理的,管理人的;2管理上的,经营上的maker ['meikə] n.制造者;制造商achievement [ə'tʃi:vmənt] n.1.完成,达到;2成就,成绩attain [ə'tein] vt.达到;完成optimal ['ɔptiməl] a.最适宜的;最理想的suboptimization [sʌb,ɔptimai-'zeiʃən, -mi'z-] n.局部最优化(指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现)trade-off n.1.(对不能同时兼顾的因素)权衡;2物物交换argue ['ɑɡju:] vt./vi.争辨,争论,辩论;vt.1.说服;2用辩论证明budget ['bʌdʒit] n.预算;vt.1.把……编入预算;2安排,预定scheme [ski:m] n.计划;方案;vt./vi.计划,策划define [di'fain] vt.1.解释,给……下定义;2限定,规定multiple ['mʌltipl] a.多样的,复合的;n.倍数profitability [,prɑfɪtə'bɪlətɪ] n.赚钱,获利correctness [kə'rektnis] n.正确,正确性unintended [,ʌnin'tendid] a.非计划中的,非故意的ongoing ['ɔn,ɡəuiŋ, 'ɔ:n-] a.进行中的,前进的entity ['entəti] n.1.存在,实体;2统一性skilled [skild] a.熟练的;有技能的in the way 挡路;碍事make a guess at 猜测and the like 等等,诸如此类seek to 追求,争取inpart 部分地,在某种程度上point of view 观点interview ['intəvju:] vt./n.1.面谈,采访;2面试,口试criticism ['kriti,sizəm] n.批评;评论candidate ['kændideit, -dət] n.1.候选人,候补者;2应试者vague [veiɡ] a.含糊的;不明确的notion ['nəuʃən] 1. 概念;2.想法,看法prospect ['prɔspekt] n.1.展望,景象;2[常pl.]前景,前程community [kə'mju:niti] n.社区;共同体unattractive [,ʌnə'træktiv] a.无吸引力的;不引人注意的indifference [in'difərəns] n.冷漠;不感兴趣(to)interviewer ['intəvju:ə] n.接见者;面谈者personality [,pə:sə'næləti] n. 个性;人格;品格prospective [prəu'spektiv] a.预期的;未来的speechless ['spi:tʃlis] a.1.不会说话的2不说话的clarification ['klærifi'keiʃən] n.澄清,阐明correspondence [,kɔ:ris'pɔndəns] n.1.符合,一致;2通信photocopy ['fəutə,kɔpi] vt./n.1.复印,影印;2照相复制本resume [ri'zju:m, -'zu:m] n.1.摘要,梗概;2个人简历inefficiency [,ini'fiʃənsi] n.无效;效能差neat [ni:t] a.整洁的;简洁的;整齐的conservative [kən'sə:vətiv] a.1.保存的,防腐的;2守的,守旧的punk [pʌŋk] n.1.(俚)阿飞;2.朋克(60年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派);a.颓废派的miniskirt ['miniskə:t] n.超短裙panel ['pænl] n.专门小组intimidate [in'timideit] vt.恐吓,恫吓clutch [klʌtʃ] vt./vi.抓住,握紧grip [ɡrip] vt./n.1.紧握,紧夹2掌握,控制painful ['peinfl] a.1.痛苦的;2费力的rephrase [ri:'freiz] vt.重新措辞,改用别的话表示apply for 申请day to day(=day-to-day)work 日常工作take the trouble to 不辞劳苦,费力put oneself in somebody's place 设身处地to one's advantage 对某人有利ask for 1.请求,向……要;2寻找in hand 手头上有make sure 1.查明,弄确实;2确信at a disadvantage 处于不利地位turn down 1.拒绝;2调小或调低;3.翻下astronomer [ə'strɔnəmə] n.天文学家escape [i'skeip] vi./vt.逃跑;避免;n.1.逃跑;2逃路,出口exert [iɡ'zə:t] vt.尽(力);发挥(威力等);施加(压力等);产生(影响等);行使(职权等)explode [ik'spləud] vt.使爆炸;vi.爆炸,突发density ['densəti] n.1.密集度稠密度2[物][化]密度collapse [kə'læps] vt./vi./n(使)倒塌,(使)崩溃;(使)瓦解supernova [,sju:pə'nəuvə] n.[天]超新星daytime ['deitaim] n.白天,日间dwarf [dwɔ:f] n.1.矮子;2[天]矮星(= ~star,如太阳)shrink [ʃriŋk] vt./vi./n.收缩;缩小;vi./n.退缩,畏缩gravity ['ɡræviti] n.1.严肃,认真;2严重性,重要性;3[物]重力,地球引力marble ['mɑ:bl] n.1. (游戏用的玻璃、石头等做的)弹子;2大理石;3大理石的,大理石般的boundary ['baundəri] n.分界线,边界observer [əb'zə:və, ɔb-] n.1.遵守者,奉行者;2观察者,监视者interchangeable [,intə'tʃeindʒəbl] a.可交换的;可互换的constant ['kɔnstənt] a.1.永恒的,经久不变的;2经常的,不断的;n.[数] 常数measurement ['meʒəmənt] n.衡量,测量implication [,impli'keiʃən] n.1.含意,暗示;2.牵连,涉及,卷入basis ['beisis] n.1.基础,根据;2.主要成份;3.军事基地launch [lɔ:ntʃ, lɑ:ntʃ] vt.1.发射,投射;2.使(船)下水;3.发动,发起(运动等);n.发射(船)下水galaxy ['ɡæləksi] n.1.[天]星系,[G-]银河系,银河;2一群出色(或著名)的人物observatory [əb'zə:vitəri, ɔb-] n.1.天文台;2了望台convincing [kən'vinsiŋ] a.有说服力的,使人信服的binary ['bainəri] a.1.二,双,复;2[数]二进制的;n.1.二,双(体),复(体);twin [twin] a.1.双胞胎的;2个相似部分组成的;n.1.双胞胎之一,[pl.] 双胞胎;2两个相象的人或物;3[Twins][天]双子座companion [kəm'pænjən] n.1.同伴同事2[天]伴星speculation [,spekju'leiʃən] n.1.推测,猜测2投机swallow ['swɔləu] vt.吞咽mankind [,mæn'kaind] n.人类operate ['ɔpəreit] vi.1.运转,起作用;2.动手术(on,upon);vt.1.操作,操纵,经营;2.对……动手术research into 研究speculation about 关于……猜测swallow up 吞没,耗尽make use of 利用planet ['plænit] n.行星revolve [ri'vɔlv, -'vɔ:lv] vi.旋转;绕转solar ['səulə] a.太阳的,日光的;利用太阳光的largely ['lɑ:dʒli] ad.1.大量地;2.主要地glitter ['ɡlitə] vi.闪闪发光,闪烁;n.闪光cloudless ['klaudlis] a.无云的,晴朗的astronaut ['æstrənɔ:t] n.宇航员thrilling ['θriliŋ] a.1.令人激动的2.颤动的,震颤的outer ['autə] a.外部的whereas [hwεə'æz] conj.而,却;反之lesser ['lesə] a.较小的;更少的;次要的concerned [kən'sə:nd] a.1.有关的;2.关切的,担心的microscopic [,maikrə'skɔpik] 1.显微镜的;2.微观的;3.微小的,细微的whilst [hwailst] conj.1.当……时;2.然而;3.虽然,尽管plateau ['plætəu, plæ't-] n.高原tropical ['trɔpikəl] a.1.热带的;2.炎热的coloured ['kʌləd] a.有色的religion [ri'lidʒən] n.宗教;宗教信仰circumstance ['sə:kəmstəns] n.[pl.]情况,环境;境遇a great many 很多above all 首先,首要as a rule 通常;一般说来euthanasia [,ju:θə'neizjə] n.1.无痛楚的死亡;2.安乐死weaken ['wi:kən] vt.削弱,减弱;vi.变弱Dutchman ['dʌtʃmən] n.荷兰人deteriorate [di'tiəriəreit] vt./vi.(使)恶化lethal ['li:θəl] a.致死的injection [in'dʒekʃən] n.1.注射;2注射剂,针剂nationwide ['neiʃənwaid] a.全国性;ad.在全国范围内debate [di'beit] vt./n.争论,辩论;vi.对……进行争论,辩论(about,on)legal ['li:ɡəl] a.1.法律上的;2.合法的Dutch [dʌtʃ] a.荷兰人的;荷兰语的;n.1.[the Dutch][总称]荷兰人;2.荷兰语Parliament ['pɑ:ləmənt] n.1.议会,国会;2.[P-](英国或加拿大等的)议会,国会Prosecute ['prɔsikju:t] vt.对……起诉,告发Request [ri'kwest] vt./n.请求,要求criterion [krai'tiəriən] n.(批评,判断的)标准,准则crowd [kraud] n.群,人群;vi.聚集,群集ensure [in'ʃuə] vt.保证,担保healthcare ['helθkεə] n.保健oppose [ə'pəuz] vt.1.反对,反抗;2.使相对,使对抗(to)tradition [trə'diʃən] n.传统;惯例hospice ['hɔspis] n.(晚期病人)收容所council ['kaunsəl] n.理事会,委员会founder ['faundə] n.创始者;缔造者consideration [kən,sidə'reiʃən] n.1.考虑;2.体谅,照顾elderly ['eldəli] a较老的,人过中年的;n.近老年人,到了晚年的人disabled [dis'eibld] a.伤残的;使失去战斗力的burden ['bə:dən] n.1.担子,负担;2.责任,义务;vt.使负重担;麻烦,劳累opt [ɔpt] vi.抉择,选择(for),在……之间选择(between)shorten ['ʃɔ:tən] vt./vi.缩短,缩小;减少vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl] a.1.易受伤的,弱小的;2.易受……攻击的,易受……伤害的(to)prohibition [,prəuhi'biʃən] n.禁止;禁令individual [,indi'vidjuəl, -dʒəl] n.个人,个体,独立单位;a.1.个人的;2.个别的paternalistic [pə,tə:nəl'istik] a.家长式统治的;家长作风的moving ['mu:viŋ] a.1.活动的,移动的;2.动人的,令人感动的sensitive ['sensitiv] a.1.敏感的;2.灵敏的,感光的be affected with 患有……疾病debate on 关于……进行辩论make request for 要求……be opposed to 反对open up1.打开;2.开办,开辟,开发;3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话take……into account 考虑到need for 对……的需要opt out of 决定不参加……,决定(从……)中退出have……at heart 对某事十分关心conspiracy [kən'spirəsi] n.1.阴谋,密谋;2.阴谋集团,阴谋帮派old-boy ['əuld'bɔi] n.1.老同学;2.(招呼用)老朋友,老弟,老兄network ['netwə:k] 1.[纺]网眼织物;2.网状物,网络escalator ['eskəleitə] n.自动扶梯privilege ['privilidʒ] n.特权;vt.给予……特权profession [prəu'feʃən] n. (尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的)职业graduate ['ɡrædʒuət, -eit, 'ɡrædjueit, -dʒu-] vi.大学毕业,[美]毕业;vt.[主美]准予……毕业;a.1.毕业的;2.研究生的;n.大学毕业生,[美]毕业生unfair [,ʌn'fεə] a.不公平的,不公正的employment [im'plɔimənt] n.1.使用;2.雇佣;3.职业,工作publish ['pʌbliʃ] vt.1.出版,刊印;2.公布,发表senior ['si:njə] a.1.年长的,年纪较大的;2.地位较高的,资历较深的;3.[英](大学)高年级的,[美]大学四年级的;n.1.年长者;2资历深者,上级appoint [ə'pɔint] vt.1.任命,委任(as);2.私营的,私立的;3秘密的,私下的headmaster ['hed'mɑ:stə, -mæstə] n.(中学或小学的)校长leading ['li:diŋ] a.1.领导的,指引的;2.最重要的,主要的bias ['baiəs] n.偏见;v.[常用被动语态]有偏见(常与against,towards 连用)entry ['entri] n.1.进入,入场(权),入会权;2.入口;3.登记,条目,账目merit ['merit] n.1.优点,长处;2.功绩,功劳fiercely ['fiəsli] ad.1.凶猛地,凶残地;2.猛烈地competitive [kəm'petitiv] a.竞争的;比赛的entrance ['entrəns] n.1.进入;2.入口,门口;3.入场,入会,入学additional [ə'diʃənəl] a.附加的,追加的;另外的abolish [ə'bɔliʃ] vt.废除(法律,习惯等);取消applicant ['æplikənt] n.申请人,请求者performance [pə'fɔ:məns] n.1.执行,完成;2.表现,工作性能;3.演出,演奏accessible [ək'sesəbl] a.1.易接近的,能进去的;2.易受影响的(to);3可理解的(to)elite [ei'li:t, i'li:t] n.[集合名词]精英,杰出人物;a.杰出的,精英的academic [,ækə'demik] a.1.(高等)专科院校的,研究院的,学会的;2.学术的excellence ['eksələns] n.优秀,杰出recruit [ri'kru:t] vt./vi.1.征募(新兵),吸收(新成员);2.聘用,补充;n.新兵;新成员equivalent [i'kwivələnt] a.1.相等的,相同的(to);2.等价的,等量的,等效的;n.1.等价(物),等量(物);2.对应词(或对应语)ivy ['aivi] n.常青replicate ['replikit, 'replikeit] vt.重复;复制elitist [ei'li:tist, i'-] n.1.杰出人物;2.杰出人物统治论者;adj.1.杰出人物的;2.杰出人物统治论的remedial [ri'mi:diəl, -djəl] a.1.治疗的,治疗上用的;2.补救的prime [praim] a.1.最初的,基本的;2.首要的,主要的;3.第一流的,最好的vision ['viʒən] n.1.想象力,幻觉;2.视力,视觉;3.眼光classless [/'klɑ:slis/] a.1.无阶级的;2.不属于任何阶级的amount to 1.达到总计;2.相当于,等于on average 平均blame……for 为……责备某人by nature 生来,天生,就其本性而言be worth doing 值得做……slavery ['sleivəri] n.1.奴隶制度,奴役;2.奴隶身份domestic [dəu'mestik] adj.1.家庭的,家务的;2.国内的,本国的;n.家仆,佣人Briton ['britən] n.大不列颠人;英国人statistics [stə'tistiks] n.1.统计数字,统计资料;2.[用作单]统计学diplomat ['dipləmæt] a.外交家;外交官abroad [ə'brɔ:d] ad.到国外;在国外exploit ['eksplɔit, ik's-] vt.1.开发,开采;2.利用;3.剥削abuse [ə'bju:z, ə'bju:s] vt./n.1.滥用,妄用;2.虐待,凌辱campaign [kæm'pein] n.1.战役;2.运动,参选活动;v.参加运动,参加竞选活动sexually ['sekʃuəli] ad.在性方面passport ['pɑ:spɔ:t, 'pæs-] n.护照Filipino [fili'pi:nəu] n.1.菲律宾人;2菲律宾语;a.菲律宾人的;菲律宾的maid [meid] n.1.少女;2侍女,女仆execute ['eksikju:t] vt.1.实行,执行,完成,贯彻;2.将……处死convict [kən'vikt] vt.1.证明……有罪(of);2.宣判;n.罪犯despite [di'spait] prep.尽管,任凭guilt [ɡilt] n.1.有罪;2.内疚deserving [di'zə:viŋ] a.应得的,值得的(of)Saudi ['sɔ:di; sɑ:'u:di; 'saudi] n.沙特阿拉伯人;a.沙特阿拉伯的,沙特阿拉伯人的,沙特阿拉伯语的Breadwinner ['bred,winə] n.养家糊口的人shelf [ʃelf] n.(壁橱,书橱内)搁板;架子minimum ['miniməm] n.最小量;最低限度;a.最小的;最低的;最少的employee [,emplɔi'i:, em'plɔii:] n.雇员,雇工leaflet ['li:flit] n.1.小叶,嫩叶;2.传单,活页incidence ['insidəns] n.1.影响程度,影响范围;2. 发生率immigrant ['imiɡrənt] a.(从国外)移民的,侨民的;n.移民,侨民status ['steitəs, 'stæ-] n.1.情形,状况;2.地位,身份kingdom ['kiŋdəm] n.1.王国;2.领域concession [kən'seʃən] n.1.让步;2.特许权;3.租界,租界地immigration [,imi'ɡreiʃən] n.移居;外来的移民foreigner ['fɔrinə] n.外国人deport [di'pɔ:t] vt.驱逐出境bring over 把……带来;使转变convict…of 证明……有罪,宣判……有罪be deserving of 值得;应得be supposed to 应该gang [ɡæŋ] n.1.一队,一族;2.(囚犯,歹徒等)一群,一帮eyewitness ['ai,witnis] n.目击者;见证人unison ['ju:nizən] n.一致;协调interstate ['intəsteit, intə's-] a.[主美]州际的BBC 英国广播公司Correspondent [,kɔ:ri'spɔndənt] n .1.对应物;2.新闻通讯员,记者,通信者shackle ['ʃækl] n.1.[常pl.]镣铐;2.[pl.]束缚,枷锁ditch [ditʃ] n.沟,沟渠,vt./vi.开渠,筑渠weed [wi:d] n.1.杂草,野草;2.水生植物;vt.除草,拔草deny [di'nai] vt.1.否定,否认;2.拒绝接受,拒绝给予re-introduction [,riɪntrə'dʌkʃən] n.重新采用,重新引入gap [ɡæp] n.裂口,裂缝toilet ['tɔilit] n.盥洗室;厕所circus ['sə:kəs] n.1.马戏团,杂技团;2.马戏场,杂技场degrade ['di'ɡreid] vt.1.降级,贬低;2.堕落;3.退化plantation [plæn'teiʃən] n.1.种植园,大农场;2.植树造林spokesman ['spəuksmən] n.发言人;代言人racist ['reisist] n.种族主义者;a.种族主义的;种族歧视的racial ['reiʃəl] a.种族的inhumane [,imhju:'mein] a.不人道的,残忍的ineffective [,ini'fektiv] a .无效的,不起作用的civil ['sivəl] n.1.国民的,民用的;2.国内的,民间的union ['ju:niən] n.1.工会,协会;2结合,联合liberty ['libəti] n.1.自由,自由权;2.冒昧,失礼;3.[常pl.]特许权,特权punishment ['pʌniʃmənt] n.1.处罚,罚,刑罚;2.折磨,损害disaffection [,disə'fekʃən] n.不满argument ['ɑ:ɡjumənt] n.1.争论,辩论;2.论据,理由watch over 看守,照管,监视in unison 完全一致地call up 1.打电话;2使想起,使忆起blues [blu:z] n.1.[用作单或复]布鲁斯(源于美国南部黑人之中抑郁伤感的曲调);2.慢四步舞rock'n'roll ['rɔkən'rəul] n.摇滚乐,摇滚舞folk [fəuk] n.1.人们;2.[口]家属,亲属;a.民间的musician [mju:'ziʃən] n.音乐家;作曲家transformation [,trænsfə'meiʃən, ,trænz-, trɑ:n-] n.1.变化,转化;2改造,改革rhythmic ['riðmik, 'riθ-] a.有韵律的;有节奏的musically ['mju:zikəli] ad.在音乐方面;好听地;悦耳地distinct [dis'tiŋkt] a.1.与其他不同的,独特的;2.明显的consciousness ['kɔnʃəsnis] n.意识,知觉;觉悟youthful ['ju:θful] a.1.年轻的;2.朝气蓬勃的anti-war ['ænti'wɔ:] a.反战的sentiment ['sentimənt] n.1.感情,情绪;2.感伤spontaneous [spɔn'teiniəs] a.1.自发的,本能的,自动的;2.出自自然的originate [ə'ridʒəneit] vi./vt.发源;发生,发起imitator ['imiteitə(r)] n.模仿者Negro ['ni:grəu] n.黑人;a.黑人的Eclecticism [e'klektisizəm] n.折衷主义synthesis ['sinθisis] n.结合,合成jazz [dʒæz] n.爵士乐readily ['redili] ad.1.乐意地;2很快地,容易地limitless ['limitlis] a.无限制的,无限的instrument ['instrumənt, 'instrə-, -ment] n.1.仪器;2.乐器electronic [,ilek'trɔnik] a.电子的amplifier ['æmplifaiə] n.放大器guitar [ɡi'tɑ:] n.六弦琴,吉他electronics [,ilek'trɔniks] [复]n.[用作单]电子学studio ['stju:diəu, 'stu:-] n.1.(艺术家的)工作室;2.(无线电,电视)播音室,演播室;3.电影制片厂penetrating ['penitreitiŋ] 1.穿透的,贯穿的;2.深刻的,透彻的thereby [,ðεə'bai, 'ðεəbai] ad.由此,从而passive ['pæsiv] a.1.被动的;2.消极的participant [pɑ:'tisipənt] n.参加者;a.参与的multimedia [,mʌlti'mi:diə] a.1.多种手段的;2.多媒体的;同时使用形、光、声效果的;n.多媒体,多媒体的使用ballroom ['bɔ:lru:m] n.舞厅lighting ['laitiŋ] n.照明,照明设备take place 发生take over 1.接管,接任;2.把……从一处运到另一处take on 1.具有;2.担任(工作等);3.雇佣composer [kəm'pəuzə] n.作曲家inspire [in'spaiə] vt.1.鼓舞;2.使产生灵感fruitful ['fru:tful] a.有成果的,有收获的output ['autput, ,aut'put] n.1.产量;2.输出theme [θi:m] n.1.题目,主题;2.主旋律invariably [in'vɛəriəbli] ad.不变地improvise ['imprəvaiz] vt.1.即兴创作;2.临时准备,临时凑成symphony ['simfəni] n.1.交响曲,交响乐;2.交响乐队,交响音乐会handle ['hændl] n.柄,把手;vt.1.拿,弄;2.运用,操纵3.经营,管理constructive [kən'strʌktiv] a.建设的,建设性的creative [kri'eitiv] a.创造性的notebook ['nəutbuk] n.笔记本preliminary [pri'liminəri] a.预备的;初步的;n.初试;预赛painstaking ['peinz,teikiŋ]] a.苦干的;费力的traditionalist [trə'diʃənəlist] n.传统主义者;因循守旧者thematic [θi'mætik, θi:-] a.1.题目的,主题的;2.主旋律的conception [kən'sepʃən] n.概念,观念well-established ['weli'stæbliʃt]a.1.固定下来的;2.得到确认的temper ['tempə] vt.1.[冶]使回火,锻炼;2.调合well(-)tempered ['wel'tempəd] 1.脾气好的;2.(键盘乐器)调到平均律的clavichord ['klævikɔ:d] n.[音]击弦古钢琴mold [məuld] n.模子;模型;vt.用模子做,浇铸sake [seik] n.缘故completeness [kəm'pli:tnis] n.1.完整,圆满;2.完成,结束summarize ['sʌməraiz] vt./vi.概述,总结diversified [dai'və:sifaid, di-] a.多样化的conventional [kən'venʃənəl] a.1.惯例的,常规的;2.(艺术等)因袭的experimental [ek,speri'mentəl, ek's-] a.实验的;经验的harmony ['hɑ:məni] n.1.协调,和谐;2.融洽,一致sonority ['səu'nɔ:rəti, -'nɔ-] n.响亮,洪亮evident ['evidənt] a.明显的,明白的in other words 换句话说in a sense 在某种意义上at a stretch 连续不断地serve as 适合belong in 应归入(类别、范畴等)in advance 1.在前面;2.预先It goes without saying 不言而喻,理所当然for the sake of 为了……之好处;为了……的目的efficiency [i'fiʃənsi] n.1.效率;2.功效,效能,实力robotics [rəu'bɔtiks] n.[用作单]机器人学,机器人技术robot ['rəubɔt, -bət, 'rɔbət] n.机器人;自动控制装置increasingly [in'kri:siŋli] ad.不断增加地prevalent ['prevələnt] a.流行的,普通的automotive [,ɔ:təu'məutiv] a.1.自动的,机动的;2.汽车的weld [weld] vt./n.焊接spray [sprei] n.1.浪花,水花;2.喷雾,喷雾状物;vt.喷;向……喷射;喷涂;vi.喷;溅散cast [kɑ:s, kæst] vt.1.投,扔,抛,掷;2.投射(光、影,视线等)(on,at);3.浇铸,铸造;n.1.投,掷;2.模具;3.演员(阵容)frame [freim] n.构架,框架install [in'stɔ:l] vt.安装appliance [ə'plaiəns] n.1.应用,适用;2.用具,器械calculator ['kælkjuleitə] n.1.计算者;2.计算器radioactive [,reidiəu'æktiv] a.[原]放射性的;放射引起的personnel [,pə:sə'nel] n.1.[集合名词]全体人员,全体职员;2.人事(部门)expose [ik'spəuz] vt.1.使暴露,使面临;2.揭露,揭发radiation [,reidi'eiʃən] n.1.放射,发光;2.放射物,辐射线,辐射能reduction [ri'dʌkʃən] n.1.减少,减小;2.降级,降职;3.归纳,归并automatic [,ɔ:tə'mætik] a.1.自动的;2.无意识的,机械的reprogramme ['ri:'prəugræm] v.再次(重新)设定程序completion [kəm'pli:ʃən] n.完成,结束;完满specific [spi'sifik] a.1.特有的,特定的;2.具体的,明确的switch [switʃ] n.1.开关,转换器;2.(思路、话题等的)转换;vt.1.转换,改变(思路、话题等);2.接通……电流(on),切断……电流(off);vi.转换,变换critical ['kritikəl] a.1.批评(性)的,批判(性)的;2.对……表示谴责的,对……感到不满的(of);3.紧要的,关键性的,危急的digital ['didʒitəl] a.1.手指的,指状的;2.数字的,计数的camera ['kæmərə] n.照相机,摄影机light-sensitive [,lait'sensitiv] a.光敏的intensity [in'tensəti] n.强烈,剧烈grayscale ['grei,skeil] 灰度(使不同黑白比例混合而得从黑到白的一系列色差灰色色调)brightness ['braitnis] n.1.明亮,晴朗;2.聪敏,机灵scale [skeil] n.1.刻度,表度;2.规模;3.比例(尺);4.[pl.]天平,磅秤shade [ʃeid] n.1.荫,阴影;2.遮光物,罩;vt.遮蔽,遮光calculation [,kælkju:leiʃən] n.1.计算,计算结果;2.仔细考虑defective [di'fektiv] a.有缺点的;有缺陷的assemble [ə'sembl] vt.1.集合;2.装配;vi.集合attendant [ə'tendənt] n.1.侍者,服务员;2.出席者fireman ['faiəmən] n.消防队员housekeeper ['haus,ki:pə] n.管理家务的主妇;女管家expose to 暴露;面临;曝露in that 在于,原因是in between 在中间;每间隔;在……期间in question 正被谈论的plenty of 大量的;丰富的earthquake ['ə:θkweik] n.地震warning ['wɔ:niŋ] n.警告;警报;a.警告的forecast ['fɔ:kɑ:st] vt.1.预测,预报;2.预示giant ['dʒaiənt] n.1.巨大;2.巨物,巨大的动物;a.巨大的shift [ʃift] vt./vi.1.替换;转移;2.轮班;n.1.转换,转移;2.轮班fault [fɔ:lt] n.1.缺点,毛病;2.错误,过失;3.[地]断层seismic ['saizmik, 'sais-] a.地震的precede [pri:'si:d, pri-] vt.先于……,比……优先;vi.在前面,居前,领先radon ['reidɔn] n.氡decay [di'kei] vi.1.腐朽,腐烂;2.衰败;3.[原]衰变;vt.使腐朽,使腐烂;n.1.腐朽,腐烂;2.衰败radium ['reidiəm] n.镭underground ['ʌndəɡraund] a.1.地下的;2.秘密的,隐蔽的;ad.1.在地下;2秘密地,隐蔽地speculate ['spekjuleit] vi.思索;推测(on/upon,about);vt.1.投机;2.思索,推测subside[səb'said] vi.1.沉淀;2.沉降,下沉;3.平静下来,平息,减退datum ['deitəm] 1.资料,材料,2.数据reliability [ri,laiə'biləti] n.可靠性partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] a.1.偏袒的,偏心的,对……偏袒(to);2.部分的,不完全的up-to-date ['ʌptə'deit] a.1.最新的,现代化的;2.直至目前的analyze ['ænəlaiz] vt.分析eastern ['i:stən] a.1.东方的,东部的;2.向东方的,来自东方的work on 1.从事……;2.对……有影响set up 1.设立,建立;2.建立,提出on the alert 警戒,处于戒备状态leadership ['li:dəʃip] n.1.领导;2.[总称]领导人员research [ri'sə:tʃ, 'ri:s-] n.研究,调查;vi.调查,研究attach [ə'tætʃ] vt.(to)1.固定住,系;2.附加,隶属;3.把(重点等)放在;4.使喜爱,使依恋possession [pə'zeʃən] n.1.有,拥有;2.[常pl.]占有物;财产satisfaction [,sætis'fækʃən] n.满意,满足relaxation [,ri:læk'seiʃən] n.1.松弛,放松;2.缓和,减轻;3.休养desirable [di'zaiərəbl] a.称心的,合意的,理想的occupation [,ɔkju'peiʃən] n.1.占领;2.占有;ɔ.职业portray [pɔ:'trei, pəu-] vt.描绘;描写;描述urban ['ə:bən] a.城市的,都市的stressful ['stresful] a.紧张的;压力重的loom [lu:m] vi.隐隐呈现;逼近renewal [ri'nju:əl] n.1.更新;2重新开始underlie [,ʌndə'lai] vt.支撑;构成(理论,政策,行为等)的基础acquire [ə'kwaiə] vt.获得,得到recognition [,rekəg'niʃən] n.1.认出;2.承认,公认impart [im'pɑ:t] vt.把……分给;给予(to)positive ['pɔzətiv, -zi-] a.1.明确的,确实的;2.积极的,肯定的;3.正的,阳性的motivate ['məutiveit] vt.作为…的动机,激发relevant ['reləvənt] a.1.贴切的,中肯的;2.与……有关的(to)communicator [kə'mju:nikeitə] n.传播者,传播工作者participation [pɑ:tisi'peiʃən] n.参加,参与attainment [ə'teinmənt] n.1.达到,到达;2.[常pl.]成就,造诣be concerned with 1.关于,涉及;2.忙于……;3.关心,关切attach importance to 认为……很重要take to 1.开始从事;2.养成……的习惯3.培养对……的爱好put……to use 使用;利用be relevant to 与……有关on the part of 就……而言set……as objective 把……作为目标elusive [i'lju:siv,-səri] a.1.躲避的;2.难以捉摸的,难以理解的tricky ['triki] a.1.狡猾的,耍花招的;2.难以处理的slip [slip] vi.1.滑动,滑过;2.溜,溜走;vt.使滑动;使滑过quicksand ['kwiksænd] n.流沙oversupply [,əuvəsə'plai, 'əuvəsə,plai] vt./n.过多供应wayside ['weisaid] n.路边;2.路边的flexible ['fleksibl] a.1.柔韧的,柔顺的;2.可变通的,灵活的readjustment [,ri:ə'dʒʌstmənt] n.再整理,再调整project ['prɔdʒekt, 'prəu, prə'dʒekt] n.1.设计,规划;2.项目;vt.1.方案,计划;2.投射,映射3.使突出appointment [ə'pɔintmənt] n.1.任命;2.约会weekly ['wi:kli] a.每周的;一周一次的;ad.每周;每周一次;n.周刊,周报adjustment [ə'dʒʌstmənt] n.调整realistic [,riə'listik, ,ri:-] a.1.现实的,实际的;2.逼真的;3.现实主义的,现实主义者的underestimate [,ʌndə'estimeit] vt.低估;看轻overestimate [,əuvər'estimeit, -'estimət] vt.过高估计;过高评价emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] n.紧急情况;突发事件routine [ru:'ti:n] n.日常工作;例行手续,常规;2.日常的;例行的;常规的crash [kræʃ] a.紧急的,速成的inflexible [in'fleksəbl] a.1.不可弯曲的,僵硬的;2.不可改变的,固执的adjust [ə'dʒʌst] vt.1.调整,调节;2.校准deem [di:m] vt.认为,相信assignment [ə'sainmənt] n.1.分配,委派;2.任务,(课外)作业freshman ['freʃmən] n.1新手,生手;2.大学一年级学生kid [kid] vt./vi./n.1.戏弄,开玩笑;2.欺骗,哄骗faithfully ['feiθfuli] adv忠诚地;如实地temptation [temp'teiʃən] n.引诱,诱惑look ahead to 向前看;展望未来allocate……for 分配给……;配给fall by the wayside 半途而废,中途退出hang up 1.把……挂起来;2.挂断(电话);3.延迟,拖延throw off 扔掉;摆脱work out 做出;制定出up to date 1.最新的,新式的;2.切合目前情况的(on)kid……into doing 欺骗……去做……stick with 坚持;继续jet [dʒet] n.1.喷射;2.喷嘴;3.喷气式飞机,喷气式发动机lag [læɡ] vi.走得慢,落后;n.落后,滞后flight [flait] n.1.飞行,飞翔;2.航班,班机3.逃跑,溃退physiological [,fiziə'lɔdʒikəl] a.生理的,生理学的regulatory ['reɡjulətəri] a.1.规章的;2.调节的mechanism ['mekənizəm] n.1.[机]机构,机制;2.(自然现象等)作用过程hormonal [hɔ:'məunəl] a.荷尔蒙的,激素的secretary['sekrətəri]n.1.秘书;2.书记;3(英,美等国的)部长,大臣negotiation [ni,ɡəuʃi'eiʃən, -si-] n.谈判,协商proceeding [prəu'si:diŋ] n.1.程序,进程;2.[pl.]项目,活动,会议文集instantaneously [,instən'teinjəsli] ad.瞬间地;即刻地transport [træns'pɔ:t; trænz-træns'pɔ:t,] vt.运输;n.运输overcome [,əuvə'kʌm] vt.战胜;克服regulate ['reɡjuleit] vt./n.1.管理;2.调节timing ['taimiŋ] n.1.时间的选择;2.计时,定时periodicity [,piəriə'disiti] n.周期性,间发性internal [in'tə:nəl] a.1.内部的,内在的;2.国内的suprachiasmatic ['sju:prəkaiəz'm1tik] a.超(染色体)交叉的rhythm ['riðəm, 'riθəm] n.1.韵律,格律;2.节奏timer ['taimə] n.计时员,定时器external [ik'stə:nəl] a.外在的,在外的alarm [ə'lɑ:m] n.1.警报;2.惊恐;vt.1.向……报警,使警觉;2.使……惊恐,打扰reset [,ri:'set, 'ri:set] vt./n.重新安排,重调palm [pɑ:m] n.手掌sweat [swet] n.汗;vi.出汗;vt.使出汗discrepancy [dis'krepənsi] n.差异;不一致bodily ['bɔdili] a.身体的,肉体的cortisol ['kɔ:ti,sɔ:l] n.[生]皮质(甾)醇excretion [ek'skri:ʃən] n.排泄;分泌destination [,desti'neiʃən] n.目的地,终点feasible ['fi:zəbl] a.可行的,可能的pharmacological [,fɑ:məkə'lɔdʒikəl] a.药物学的,药理学的assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən] n.1.假定,设想;2.承担,采取mid-afternoon [mid 'aftə'nu:n] a.下午三点左右的neutral ['nju:trəl] a.1.中立的;2.中性的wakefulness ['weikfulnis] n.觉醒,不眠promote [prəu'məut] vt.1.促进,发扬;2.提升,升级;3.发起,创办synchronize ['siŋkrənaiz] vi.同时发生,同步;vt.使在时间上一致;使同步effect on 对……的作用blame……on 把……归咎于to advantage 有利地,有效地as fresh as paint 精神饱满now that (连词)既然,由于leave……alone 1.不管,不理;2.听其自然out of step 步伐不一致;不协调in time 1.及时;2.终于span [/spæn/] n.1.指距,一柞宽;2.跨距;3.一段时间fluctuate ['flʌktjueit] vi.1.波动,起伏;2.动摇,不定;vt.使波动,使起伏fluctuation [,flʌktju'eiʃən] n.波动,起伏tick [tik] n.(钟表的)滴答声;vi.(钟表的)滴答响fade [feid, fad] vi.1.凋谢,枯萎;2.(颜色)褪去;3.(声音等)衰弱下去;vt.使褪色illusion [i'lju:ʒən] n.错觉;幻觉duration [djuə'reiʃən] n.持续;持续时间infrequent [in'fri:kwənt] a.很少发生的illustration [,ilə'streiʃən] n.1.说明;2.例证,插图moderate ['mɔdərət, 'mɔdəreit] a.1.中等的,适度的;2.温和的,有节制的distraction [dis'trækʃən] n.1.精神涣散,精神不集中;2.消遣,娱乐distractor [dis'træktə] n.分散注意力的东西focal ['fəukəl] a.焦点的;vt.1.治疗;2.补救(法);vt.1.治疗;2.补救,纠正fearful ['fiəful] a.1.可怕的,吓人的;2害怕的,胆怯的productivity [,prɔdʌk'tivəti, ,prəu-] n.1.生产率;2.丰饶,多产finance [fai'næns] n.1.财政,金融;2.经费,资金retention [ri'tenʃən] n.保持;保留distract [dis'trækt] vt.分散(注意,心思等);使人分心adversely [æd'və:sli] ad.1.相反地;2.不利地,有害地appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit] vt.1.欣赏,鉴赏;2.正确评价,鉴别;3感激,感谢contrary ['kɔntrəri] a.相反的,相对的,与……相反(to)mislead [,mis'li:d] vt.把……带错路,使……错或做错motivation [,məuti'veiʃən] n.动机;动力inefficient [,ini'fiʃənt] a.无效的;效率低的exceptional [ik'sepʃənəl] a.1.例外的;2.异常的,特殊的hinder ['hində] vt.阻止;妨碍typical ['tipikəl] a.典型的,代表性的to date 到目前为止attend to 专心;注意;照顾make the grade 取得成功,达到理想标准fall apart 四分五裂;崩溃be true of 符合于……,对……适用classify [/'klæsifai/] vt.1.把……分类,把……分等级;2.把……列为(as)aged ['eidʒid] a.年老的,老的northwestern [,nɔ:θ'westən] a.1.在西北的,向西北的;2.来自西北的approximate [ə'prɔksimit,ə'prɔksimeit] a.近似的,大约的;vt.1.近似,接近;2.使接近;vi.接近(to)paradox ['pærədɔks] 1.似非而可能是的论点;2.自相矛盾的话proportion [prəu'pɔ:ʃən] n.比率,比例;vt.使成比例,使相称dependency [ di'pendənsi] n.从属;依赖(on)advantageous [,ædvən'teidʒəs] a.有利的,有助的liability [,laiə'biləti] n.1.责任,义务;2.[pl.]债务,负债;3.不利条件,妨碍的人(或物)inactive [in'æktiv] a.不活动的;不活跃的appreciation [ə,pri:ʃi'eiʃən] n.1.欣赏,鉴赏;2.正确评价;3.感激,感谢salient ['seiljənt, -liənt] a.1.突出的,凸起的;2.显著的resettlement [ri'setlmənt;] n.重新定居,重新安置acknowledge [ək'nɔlidʒ] vt.1.承认;2.表示感谢fore [fɔ:] ad.在前面;a.1.先时的,先前的;2.在前部的;n.前部gathering ['ɡæðəriŋ] n.1.聚集;2.集会birthrate ['bə:θreit] n.出生率elsewhere [,els'hwεə] ad.在别处;向别处demography [di:'mɔɡrəfi] n.人口统计学alter ['ɔ:ltə] vt./vi.改变,改动experiential [ik,spiəri'enʃəl] a.经验的;凭经验的continued [kən'tinju:d] a.继续的,连续的lengthen ['leŋθən] vt.使延长;vi.变长,延伸wealthy ['welθi] a.富裕的;丰富的neglect [ni'ɡlekt] vt.1.忽视,忽略;2.疏忽;n.忽略;疏忽expectation [,ekspek'teiʃən] n.1.期待;2.估计寿命slippery ['slipəri] a.1.滑的;2.圆滑的demographer [di:'mɔɡrəfə] n.人口学家revision [ri'viʒən] n.修订,修改upwards ['ʌpwədz] ad.向上;趋向上升approximate to 与……接近to the fore 1.在前面,到前面;2.在显著地位resistance to 对……的阻力esteem [i'sti:m] vt./n.尊敬,尊重cope [kəup] vi.对付,妥善处理(with)parenting ['pεərəntiŋ] n.父母对孩子的养育tone [təun] n.1.音调,音色;2.腔调,语气;3.[语]声调,语调infant 'infənt] n.婴儿,幼儿;a.婴儿的,幼儿的lovable ['lʌvəbl] a.可爱的,讨人喜欢的manageable ['mænidʒəbl] a.易管理的unlovable [,ʌn'lʌvəbl] a.不可爱的;不讨人喜爱的worthless ['wə:θlis] a.1.无价值的,无用的;2.不足道的,不可取的ultimately ['ʌltimətli] ad.最后,最终地self-defeating [,selfdi'fi:tiŋ] a.1.自我挫败的;2.有违被衰的crisis ['kraisis] n.1危机;2.决定性时刻withdraw [wið'drɔ:, wiθ-] vt.1.收回,提取;2.撤退,撤销;vi.1.撤退,退出;2.退缩,逃避现实inconsiderate [,inkən'sidərət] a.不替别人考虑的;不体谅人outcome ['autkʌm] n.1.结果,结局;2.出路,出口reinforcement [,ri:in'fɔ:smənt] n.增强,加固;强化tangible ['tændʒəbl] a.1.可触摸的,可感知的;2.确实的,真实的attribute [ə'tribju:t, 'ætribju:t] n.1.属性,特征;2.[语]定语;vt.把……归因于(to)fold [fəuld] vt./vi.折叠;对折;n.褶(痕)appropriate [ə'prəuprieit, ə'prəupriət] a.适合的,恰当的,相宜的cope with 对付;处理no other……than 1.除……外没有,只有;2.正是,就是take advantage of 1.利用;2.占……便宜act out 1.将……表演出来;2.(用行动)表示出来election [i'lekʃən] n.选举;选举权presidential [,prezi'denʃəl] a.总统(或校长)的,总统(或校长等)职务的winner ['winə] n.获胜者,优胜者;成功者republican [ri'pʌblikən] a.1.共和国的;2.[R-](美国)共和党的;n.1.共和主义者;2.[R-]共和党党员democratic [,demə'krætik,-kəl] a.民主的,民主主义的nominee [,nɔmi'ni:] n.被提名者;被任命者vote [vəut] n.1.选举,投票;2.票,选票;vi.投票,选举certainty ['sə:tənti] n.一定;必定nomination [,nɔmi'neiʃən] n.提名;任命loyalty ['lɔiəlti] n.忠诚;忠心decline [di'klain] vi.1.下倾,下降;2.衰退,衰落;3.谢绝,拒绝;vt.拒绝,谢绝;n.1.下倾,下降;2.衰退,衰落democrat ['deməkræt] n.1.民主主义者,民主人士;2.[D-]民主党党员voter ['vəutə] n.选举人,投票人strategically [strə'ti:dʒikəli] ad.战略上地,颇具策略地pursue [pə'sju:, -'su:] vt.1.追赶;2.追求,寻求;3.进行,从事impact ['impækt, im'pækt] n.1.冲击,碰拦;2.效果,影响;vt.装紧,压紧headquarters [,hed'kwɔ:təz] [复]n.1.司令部,指挥部;2.(机构,企业)总部,总店。
英语基础入门知识大全
英语基础入门知识大全1. 英语的重要性英语是一门世界性的语言,在当今社会中具有非常重要的地位。
不仅在国际交流中被广泛使用,也是许多高校的必修课程。
学好英语对于个人的职业发展和国际交流都有巨大的帮助。
2. 英语的历史英语起源于古代日耳曼部落语言,后经历了英国的统治与征服,逐渐形成了现代英语。
在历史长河中,英语经历了从古英语到中世纪英语再到近代英语的演变过程。
3. 英语的特点英语是一门辨识度极高的语言,拥有广泛的词汇量和语法结构。
此外,英语的语音、语调等也是其独特之处。
4. 英语的学习方法•听: 听力训练是学好英语的第一步,可以通过听英语歌曲、看英语电影等方式进行听力练习。
•说: 提高口语表达能力,可以和外国友人交流,参加英语角等活动。
•读: 阅读是扩大词汇量和语感的有效途径,可以阅读英文文章、小说等。
•写: 提高写作技巧,可以多写作文、日记等,锻炼语法和表达能力。
5. 英语的基础知识•词汇: 英语基础入门知识中包括基本的单词、短语、常见表达等。
•语法: 包括主谓一致、时态、语态等语法知识。
•句型: 包括各种常用句型,如陈述句、疑问句、祈使句等。
•对话: 学会日常生活中常用的对话,如问路、购物等。
6. 英语的学习环境•学校: 学校是学习英语的重要环境,可以通过课堂学习和老师指导提升英语水平。
•自学: 通过课外自学,如背单词、看英语资料等,也可以提高英语水平。
•社交: 与英语母语者或其他学习者交流,可以加深对英语的理解和运用。
7. 英语的应用领域英语不仅在学术领域和国际交流中被广泛使用,在科技、商务、旅游等领域也有着重要作用。
掌握英语可以为个人的发展提供更广阔的平台。
8. 英语的发展趋势随着全球化的发展,英语作为国际语言的地位将愈发重要。
未来,学好英语将成为每个人的必备技能之一,为个人带来更多机遇。
以上是关于英语基础入门知识的一些介绍,希望对英语初学者有所帮助。
学好英语是一个长期的过程,坚持学习,不断提升自己的英语水平,相信你会取得进步的!。
塑料模具专业英语32页PPT
Unit One Mold Constructions
Unit One Mold Constructions 模具结构
2.Basic Mold Construction (1)Operating Principle Basically the injection mold consists of two halves. One
mold half contains the sprue bushing and runner system, the other half houses the ejection system. The molded part is located at the parting line(ref. To DIN 16700).
For ease of construction and to lower manufacturing cost, injection molds are becoming standardized. Some firms offer ready -made bases of square or round design as standard or stripper plate molds for immediate use. Only the inserts then have to be fitted into the bases.
Unit One Mold Constructions
1 Passage One Plastics Forming and Molds 第一段 塑料成型与模具 1.General [ ‘dʒenərəl ] 一般,大体 ,概要
服务行业英语培训PPT课件
—完全没听懂,不知所云的 “抱歉我不会英语,请稍等,我叫其他人来”
“sorry I can’t speak English,please wait a moment. I’ll call someone else”
26 客房区域
Guest Room Area
33 悦活金麦岭 Lohas Goden Wheat Ridge
27 诚信楼
Building Of Commitment
34 亚龙湾SPA
Yalong Bay SPA
28 专业楼
Building Of Professionalism
35 停车场
Parking Lot
Sunshine Conference Room
24 中茶苑
China Tea Garden
第12页/共36页
二、方位指引( Azimuth guidance)
书院楼宇名称中英文对照
编号 中文名称
英名称
编号 中文名称
英文名称
25 美特运动中心 COFCO-MC Sports Center
32 忠良博物馆 COFCO Museum
Tunhe Classroom
12 中粮地
COFCO Property Hall
第11页/共36页
二、方位指引( Azimuth guidance)
书院楼宇名称中英文对照
编号 中文名称
英文名称
编号 中文名称
英文名称
13 凯莱宫
Gloria Palace
英语必备的基础知识
英语必备的基础知识英语是一门全球通行的重要语言,在当今社会中具有重要的地位。
掌握英语基础知识是学习英语的第一步。
本文将介绍英语学习过程中不可或缺的基础知识,帮助读者打下坚实的语言学习基础。
一、英语的字母表英语字母表共包含26个字母,分别为A-Z。
熟练掌握英文字母的读音和书写是学习英语的基础。
除了单独的字母外,英语中还有元音字母和辅音字母的概念,需要了解其发音规则。
二、英语的基本语法英语语法是英语学习的关键,包括句子结构、主谓宾语的搭配、时态等。
其中,动词的时态、语态、语气等概念需要掌握清楚,以确保句子表达的准确性和流畅性。
三、英语的常用词汇词汇是语言表达的基本单位,掌握常用的英语词汇对于日常交流和学习都至关重要。
积累词汇量、了解词义和词性是提高英语表达能力的关键步骤。
四、英语的基本句型英语句型种类繁多,常见有陈述句、疑问句、感叹句等。
了解不同句型的构成和使用规则,有助于扩展表达能力,提高语言交流效果。
五、英语的常见语言现象在学习英语过程中,会遇到一些常见的语言现象,如缩略语、短语动词、习惯用语等。
了解这些语言现象可以更好地理解和运用英语,丰富语言表达方式。
六、英语学习的方法与技巧除了掌握英语的基础知识外,还需要了解有效的学习方法与技巧。
例如,多听、多说、多读、多写是提高英语水平的常用方法,同时注意语言输入和输出的平衡。
结语掌握英语的基础知识是学习英语的基础,对于日常生活和工作都具有重要意义。
通过不断学习和实践,逐步提升英语水平,让英语成为我们的得力工具和交流桥梁。
以上是英语必备的基础知识的介绍,希望对英语学习者有所帮助。
学习英语虽然需要时间和耐心,但只要坚持不懈,一定能取得进步。
加油!。
英语基础知识英文
英语基础知识英文英语是一种世界上最为广泛使用的语言之一,具有重要的国际地位。
同时,掌握英语基础知识对于提高英语水平、进行国际交流以及阅读英文文献都具有重要意义。
在本文中,我们将介绍英语基础知识的一些重要术语和概念,并使用英语进行描述。
1. Alphabet(字母表)The English alphabet consists of 26 letters, including 5 vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and 21 consonants. Each letter has its own sound and can be used to form words.2. Parts of Speech(词类)There are 8 parts of speech in English: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Each part of speech plays a specific role ina sentence.3. Verb Tenses(动词时态)Verbs in English have different tenses to indicate the time of an action. The main tenses include present, past, and future, with variations such as present perfect, past perfect, and future continuous.4. Sentence Structure(句子结构)English sentences typically follow the subject-verb-object (SVO) structure, where the subject performs the action on the object. However, sentences can also be structured in other ways for emphasis or clarity.5. Punctuation(标点符号)Punctuation marks such as period (.), comma (,), question mark (?), exclamation mark (!), and quotation marks (。
汽车专业英语及常用口语
1、车辆vehicle2、底盘chassis货车truck微型货车mini truck轻型货车light truck6、中型货车medium truck重型货车heavy duty truck 越野汽车off-road truck 自卸汽车dump truck专用汽车special purpose vehicle客车passenger car车长vehicle length车宽vehicle width车高vehicle height轴距wheel base轮距tread前悬front overhang后悬rear overhang柴油机diesel汽油机gasoline fueled engine20、活塞piston21、喷油嘴nozzle22、火花塞spark23、曲轴crank shaft 24、分电器distributor25、发电机alternator26、飞轮壳flywheel housing 27、起动机starter28、散热器radiator29、凸轮轴camshaft30、进气门Intake valve 31、排气门exhaust valve32、气缸盖cylinder head33、水泵water pump34、风扇皮带轮fan pulley35、活塞环piston ring36、机油泵oil pump37、离合器clutch38、离合器操纵机构clutch operation39、飞轮flywheel40、从动盘磨擦衬片clutch plate liningdriven plate lining (GB)41、离合器盖clutch cover (GB)42、压盘pressure plate43、分离杆release lever44、分离套筒release sleeve45、从动盘clutch plate46、分离弹簧release spring47、分离轴承release thrust bearing 48、离合器踏板clutch pedal pad49、分离推杆release rod (operating rod) 50、分离推杆叉push-rod fork51、分离套筒总成sleeve assembly52、分离叉withdrawal fork (operating fork)53、分离叉球头支座operating fork ball-end 54、分离叉回位弹簧operating fork returnspring55、离合器操纵机构主缸clutch release mastercylinder56、变速器transmission57、万向节universal joint58、万向节叉yoke59、突缘叉flange yoke60、十字轴总成cross assembly61、传动轴drive shaft62、中间支承shaft support63、油箱tank64、滤清器filter65、汽油滤清器gasoline filter66、油箱盖fuel tank cap67、后桥rear axle68、主减速器reduction finaldrive 69、差速器differential70、桥壳axle housing 71、半轴axle shaft72、驾驶室cab73、双排座驾驶室crew cab74、带卧铺驾驶室sleeper cab75、连接板connecting panel 76、盖lid77、罩cover78、支架support(bracket . brace)79、骨架member(rail beam)80、密封条weatherstrip81、衬垫pad(packing .gasket)82、装饰件trimming(finisher. molding)83、纵梁side rail(side member)84、横梁cross rail85、轮罩wheel housing86、挡泥板mudguard87、风窗玻璃windshield glass88、侧窗玻璃side window glass89、门窗玻璃door window glass90、后窗玻璃rear window glass91、仪表板instrument panel(facia)92、杂物箱glove box93、翻转机构tilting mechanical hardware94、门铰链hinge95、玻璃升降器window regulator96、后视镜rear view mirror97、刮水器wiper98、风窗洗涤器washer99、遮阳板sun visor 100、空调装置air conditioner(airconditioning equipment)101、暖风装置heater102、扶手hahdrail(hand grill.banisters)103、拉手assist grip(handle)104、安全带seat belt105、标牌label106、纵梁main sill107、横梁cross sill108、货箱栏板gate109、边板side gate110、缓冲垫cushion rubber111、车轮wheel112、轮胎tyre113、轮辋rim114、排气消声器silencer115、凸缘flange116、排气管outtake 117、钢板弹簧leaf spring118、减振器shock absorber 119、吊耳shackle120、钢板弹簧衬套leaf spring bushing121、钢板弹簧销leaf spring pin 122、U型螺栓U bolt123、橡胶衬套rubber bushing124、缓冲块buffer stopper125、驻车制动系parking braking system126、气压制动系air braking system127、液压制动系hydraulic braking system128、制动器brake129、制动管路braking line131、真空泵vacuum pump132、真空筒vacuum tank133、空压机air compressor134、储气筒air storange reservoir135、单向阀single check valve136、制动踏板braking pedal137、踏板护套pedal pad138、回位弹簧return spring139、制动主缸brake master cylinder 140、真空助力器vacuum booster 141、真空增压器vacum mintensifier 142、制动鼓brake drum143、制动底板brake bottom plate 144、制动衬片friction lining 145、制动蹄brake shoe146、转向万向节steering universal joint 147、转向传动轴steering inner articulated148、转向管柱steering column149、转向盘steering wheel150、摇臂轴pitman arm shaft151、转向螺母steering nut152、动力转向器power steering gear153、转向摇臂pitman arm154、转向直拉杆steering drag link155、球头销ball stud156、球头座ball cup157、转向节臂steering (knuckle) arm158、横拉杆tie rod英语口语第一课.Greetings 问候语Hello! / Hi!你好!morning !3. Good afternoon !evening!早晨(下午/晚上)好!'m Kathy King.我是凯西·金。