2021年外研版九年级英语上被动语态

被动语态

一．

欧阳光明（2021.03.07）

二．概念

表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态

主动语态表示是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

Catseatfish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。

Fishis eatenby cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。

二．被动语态的用法

(1) 动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by 短语。

Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.

(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

Some new computers were stolen last night.

(3) 突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。

三．构成形式

由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成

助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

四．主动语态变被动语态的方法

My aunt invited me to her dinner party.

↓↓↓

执行者动词承受者

→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

↓↓

承受者谓语 by+执行者

1).把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2).把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。

3).把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。

五．被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例 The baby should be taken good care of by the babysitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一

个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为

He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为

The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词

see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为

A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

六．注意事项：

1.不及物动词没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)

2.系动词没有被动语态：look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….如：The dish tastes good .

3.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well 如：This kind of skirt sells well.

4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .

如：All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need to be repaired

练习

一．出下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态

1、Novels entrance many readers.

2、When will you paint your house?

3、The check will be delivered when they are ready.

4、Many countries are experiencing drought.

5、Many countries have experienced drought.

二：将下列句子变为被动语态

1. We watched the children sing that morning.

2. The wind blew his hat down the street

3. They ask me to help them.

4. He found the door close.

5. They will send Cyril to prison.

6. The secretary will mail these letters tomorrow.

7. Someone ought to wash those dishes right way.

8. The factory produced 5 000cars every day.

9. They will hold the charity show in the school hall.

10. Nancy Jackson designed the CDROM.

三．选择

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A.Is; built

B.Was; bulit

C.Does; build

D.Did; build

( )2.An accident ____ on this road last week.

A.has been happened

B.was happened

C.is happened

D.happened ( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.