Economics_systems 美国高中课程 ch22010

Check
the index for the numerous pg. numbers that discuss these two topics.

You must pick one.

Fun Facts:


By the late 90’s, the top 25 manufacturers in the U.S. were coming out with an average of 13 new products every day. Retail stores offer 30,000 different products


Society answers these questions. Society decides how to distribute their goods and services. First step is to decide how to distribute income.


Leabharlann Baidu
The income people receive for supplying factors of production. (land, labor, capital) Ex)









Economic system that relies on habit, custom, or ritual. Very little room for change Revolves around family Work tends to follow gender lines Occur in communities that are smaller. Agriculture & hunting Laws, religious beliefs control decision making. Can’t deal well w/ environmental disasters Resists change Slow to adapt to technology Lack modern convenience / low standard of living.

This is why economic systems. Each society does it their own way based on their values & goals.
ACTIVITY

Answer the following:

Should the government try to influence the types of crops farmers grow or the kinds of animals they raise? Should producers be allowed to produce any kind of food they choose? Should fat content or the use of chemical additives be regulated? Should food be made available to people who can’t afford to buy it – and if so, how?
WHO CONSUMES GOODS & SERVICES?

How does everything get divided up?


Luxury car vs. bus pass Fancy restaurant vs. McDonalds Superbowl Tickets vs. Brewers Tickets
WHAT GOODS & SERVICES SHOULD BE PRODUCED?

Goal:


To satisfy the needs & wants of people Obvious Needs:

Food, shelter National defense, education, public health


Ex) create electricity w/ oil, solar power, or nuclear power? Should teachers have classes of 20 or 50 students?
ASSIGNMENT
Capital vs. Labor What is more important? Write a 1 page response to this question. Research and find examples in your book if necessary to back your opinion.
TRADITIONAL ECONOMY




Decisions made based on voluntary exchange in the markets. (supply & demand) Decisions made based on trade or exchange. Also called free markets or capitalism. The choices we make answers the 3 economic questions.

Mixed Economies




Economic Efficiency (Goal #1)

Maximizing their resources

Economic Freedom (Goal #2)

Opportunity to make your own choices
ECONOMIC GOALS
Government programs that protect people experiencing unfavorable economic conditions.

Safety Net:

MORE GOALS

Economic Equity (Goal #4)


Deciding the best way to hand out money (income) Equal pay – equal work?

FACTOR PAYMENTS

Land owners receive rent. Workers receive wages People who lend $$ to people or businesses to buy their capital receive interest.
QUESTIONS

How do we determine how much to pay people for their factors of production? How much is land worth? What should the interest rates be? Answer:


Economic Security & Predictability (Goal #3)

Getting rid of the uncertain Confident that our money is safe Assures us that resources will be available when we need them.
MARKET ECONOMY
COMMAND / MIXED ECONOMIES

Centrally Planned Economy


Central government makes all decisions. Central authority
Combines tradition w/ free market Limited government involvement Or A combination of Command and Market.

Other Needs:

**Each production decision that is made comes with an opportunity cost.**
HOW SHOULD GOODS & SERVICES BE PRODUCED?

We are faced w/ many options for development.

WHO CONSUMES GOODS & SERVICES?
50 years ago, they offered 3000.


American Farms produce 315 million metric tons of wheat, rice and corn American Farms maintain 180 million head of livestock.
Goals Values Resources

3 KEY ECONOMIC QUESTIONS



What goods & services should be produced? How should these goods & services be produced? Who consumes these goods & services?

Looking at the above questions and your responses – now answer these 3 questions: In our society how are these questions actually answered? Who gets to make the decisions regarding what to produce, how to produce, and who consumes it? You may need to do some research regarding the United States and their regulatory practices on producers and farmers. One area to look at is how our government gives out subsidies to farms.
Economic Systems
ECONOMICS
ECONOMIC SYSTEM

The method used by a society to produce and distribute goods and services.

A society chooses its economic system based on:

Economic Growth & Innovation (Goal #5)


Standard of Living – level of economic prosperity A nation wants to constantly improve its standard of living.