短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法英语中的动词有多种分类法。
根据其有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait，have,,live,teach,keep,like 等。
短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如leave, begin, start, return, arrive, reach, die, marry, bear, see, hear, receive, buy, get, enter, take off, start off, come in, come back, take place, break out, put on, put down, go in 等。
终止性动词构成的现在完成时，不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，终止性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时，start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语：eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago.2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.注意：以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait等。
短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive,reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。
一．短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法：现在完成时中用法（一）：表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作，常用ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既不过延续性动词，也不过短暂性动词。
如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暂性动词)I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延续性动词)现在完成时中用法（二）：表示始于过去某时并一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示始于过去某一时刻并一直延续到现在的时间状语连用。
如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延续性动词）Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词)I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词)所以，在现在完成时中用法（二）中，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
初中英语中常见的有：例如：1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T) 2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F)My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T)4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暂性动词的现在完成时的否定形式能够表示一种延续的状态，所以能够和表示一段的状语连用。
常用短暂性动词与延续性动词及其例句
一、现在完成时的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，通常不能与表示一段时间的短语及短语（或从句）等连用。
应将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词。
如：1、This factory opened twenty years ago.This factory has been open for twenty years.2、Miss Gao left an hour ago.Miss Gao has been away for an hour。
3、Her teacher has been a Party member for 3 years.Her teacher joined the Party 3 years ago。
4、The film began two minutes ago。
The film has been on since two minutes ago。
5、He bought the bike two years ago.He has had the bike for two years。
6、The old man died ten years ago.The old man has been dead for ten years.7、He came back 3 days ago.He has been back for 3 days。
8、I left my hometown 10 years ago.I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.9、They got married 13 year ago.They have been married for 13 years。
10、I borrowed the book a week ago。
I have kept the book for a week.How long have you kept the book?注：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
短暂性动词和延续性动词
短暂性动词和延续性动词可以从字面上理解，持续的动作就是延续动词，反之就是瞬间动词（短暂动词），这个有这种感觉还是很好理解的，你看看下面的浅谈吧延续性动词:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach ,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke瞬间性动词:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish1、终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。
如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go ,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如：have a cold是持续性动词，表示“状态”，可与表延续性的时间状语连用，不定冠词不能省略。
I′ve had a cold since my arrival（到达n.）.I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days. catch a cold是短暂性动作，表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用，不定冠词“a”可有可无，catch可用take,get代替。
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是，若cold前有形容词修饰时，则不定冠词不能省。
如：Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子：I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)I have had a cold for over a week.( )2、延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。
短暂性动词和延续性动词
巩固练习：（同义转换，每空一词）
１.Li Lei joined the Party three years ago.
Li Lei has been in the Party since three years ago.
Li Lei has been in the Party for three years. It’s three years since Li Lei joined the Party. Three years has passed since Li Lei joined the Party.
用法： １、它们可以用于完成时态，说明某个动 作的结果还存在． He has come back. The film has begun. 2、这类动词不能和表示一段时间的状语 连用，但在否定句中，非延续性动词也 可以用表示一段时间的状语来修饰． I haven’t heard from Uncle Wang for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1992.
7. My father bought a new car two years ago. for My father _____ has _____ had a new car _____ two years. My father _____ since has _____ had a new car _____ two years ago. 8.Tom borrowed this book four days ago. Tom _____ this book _____ for four has ______ kept days. since four Tom _____ ______ this book _____ has kept days ago.
短暂性动词与延续性动词用法解析
短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法及练习短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。
它不能和一段时间连用。
这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用。
例如：His father got ill. I have received his letter.但是，不可以说：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
例如：We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。
如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。
值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词how long，in the past+时间段，all these+时间段，from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。
例如：How long _______ your brother joined the army?A. hasB. hadC. is it sinceD. was there that通过审题，答案B和D很容易被排除，但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知how long为一段时间的状语，不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用，所以这题的正确答案是C。
另外，动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
短暂性动词于延续性动词在现在完成时中的应用
A.have been married
B. have married
C. married
D. has married
9. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
常见的几个短暂性动词
.begin(start),leave,go, borrow,come,return. join,die,buy,arrive. marry,bec性动词可用来表示某一动作完成， 因此可用于现在完成时。
如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group 你加入电脑小组了吗？
练习:
1. Do you know Huang Ting well
2.
yes,she and I ____ friends since we met in
Wuhan last summer.
3. A. have made B. were C. have been D. had come
4. Mr.Green ___Beijing since three years ago.
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定 式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而 可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
延续性动词的用法
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其 完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语 连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：
短暂动词与延续性动词
短暂(duǎnzàn)动词与延续性动词短暂(duǎnzàn)动词与延续性动词1.现在(xiànzài)完成时的构成：have / has + 动词(dòngcí)的过去分词2.现在(xiànzài)完成时的用法：（1）表示某一动作或状态开始(kāishǐ)于过去并持续到现在现在。
（此种用法适用于延续性动词）I have been in Nanyang for around 5 years.我在南阳(nán yánɡ)大约有五年了。
（2）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（此种用法适用非延续性动词）。
I can’t go to see the movie now, because I have lost the ticket.现在我看不成电影了，因为我把票弄丢了。
3.现在完成时的标志：just, already, yet, ever, never,recently 近来 = in recent weeks (months, years)在最近的几周（月，年）里,nowadays, for + 一段时间，before (用于句子末尾); so far = up to now = till now; since + 过去某一具体时间点，since + 过去的一段时间 + ago， since + 一般过去时从句，ever since then = ever since = since then = since (自从那时起);in / over /during + the + past(last) + 一段时间。
Eg.On January 11,1998, Dr. Kataria organized the first “World Laughter Day” celebration in Mumbai, India. It was a huge success.The date was later changed to the first Sunday in May and it has been celebrated every year since.4.现在完成时中的特殊用法：短暂动词(dòngcí)的各种时态（包括现在完成时在内）不能和时间段连用(liányòng)，当它需要与时间段连用时需转换为延续性动词。
短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解教学总结
短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
（一）持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的，如：live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write, dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。
例如：Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。
He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。
②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。
例如：Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×)（二）瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止，如：open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,leave,lend,mary,r each,receive , sell,等。
1，从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”：几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2，有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如,“buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。
所以，“我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说：I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch.C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理，“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了，不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的！汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。
延续性动词和短暂性动词
例子
学习
需要一段时间来掌握知识和技能 。
工作
通常指一段时间内从事某种职业或 任务。
等待
表示在一段时间内保持某种状态或 期望某事发生。
与短暂性动词的区别
短暂性动词表示的动作或状态持续时 间较短，如“看”、“听”、“摸” 等。
例如，“看”是一个短暂性动词，表 示瞬间完成的动作，而“学习”是一 个延续性动词，表示需要一段时间来 完成的动作。
延续性动词和短暂 性动词
contents
目录
• 延续性动词 • 短暂性动词 • 延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用场景 • 延续性动词和短暂性动词的转换 • 练习与巩固
01
CATALOGUE
延续性动词
定义
01
延续性动词表示的动作或状态持 续时间较长，如“学习”、“工 作”、“等待”等。
02
延续性动词强调动作或状态在一 段时间内的持续性，而不是瞬间 的完成。
延续性动词转换为短暂性动词
睡觉：醒来
抽烟：抽一口 写作：写完
学习：学会 游泳：游过
延续性动词转换为短暂性动词
开车：开一下
唱歌：唱一段
01
02
03
看书：看一眼
喝咖啡：喝一口
04
05
穿衣服：穿一下
短暂性动词转换为延续性动词
离开：逗留 来/去：停留在
结婚：与某人相处
短暂性动词转换为延续性动词
死亡：生活过 到达：在某地待一段时间
示例
我喜欢（看/看过）电影。在这个句子 中，正确的动词形式是“看”，因为 它是一个表示动作的延续性动词。
造句练习
造句练习
根据给定的主题或提示，使用正确的动词形式造句。
示例
短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解
初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
（一）持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的，如：live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach, eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。
例如：Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。
He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。
②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。
例如：Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×)（二）瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止，如：open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,lea ve,lend,mary,reach,receive , sell,等。
1，从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”：几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2，有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如,“buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。
所以，“我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说：I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理，“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了，不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的！汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。
延续性动词和短暂性动词
1.概念
⑴ 延续性动词： 动词表示的行为可以延续一 定的时间，sleep stay wait live
be dead
⑵ 短暂性动词：动词所表示的行为不能延 续，在很短的时间内完成，因而又叫结束 性动词。 die come leave
go to sleep get married
2. 与之相关的用法
⑴短暂性动词的完成式died for ten years.（×）
His grandfather has been dead for ten years. His grandfather died ten years ago.
谢谢！
1. How long have you get married？ →How long have you been married？ 2. Mr. Smith has left for two weeks. →Mr. Smith has been away for two weeks.
⑵ until/till （直到….”）的用法
延续性动词要用肯定句，短暂性动词要用否定句，翻译做“直到…才…”
I waited until he came back. （wait ，延续性）
I didn’t leave until he came back.（leave， 短暂 性）
翻译练习：他四十岁时才结婚
1. He didn’t get married until he was forty（. √） 2. He got married at the age of forty.（√） 3. He got married until he was forty.（×） 4. He was married until he was forty.（×）
延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用
延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用在学习现在完成时的过程中，我们经常碰到类似这样的句子：1）这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。
2）这位老人已经去世五年了。
此时，有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为：1)I have bought this bike for five years.（此句突出“买”的动作。
言下之意，到现在还没有买到。
）2)The old man has died for five years.(此句突出“死”的动作，给人的感觉是“这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎”。
)造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中，将瞬间动词与延续性动词混为一谈。
英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和瞬间动词。
那么，什么是瞬间动词呢？简而言之，瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。
这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, die等。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用.It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain 为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。
(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法
短暂性动词,延续性动词zai现在完成时中的应用短暂性动词,延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束.它不能和一段时间连用.这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.例如：His father got ill.I have received his letter.但是,不可以说：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.例如：We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是,表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外,还有since+n./从句（时间点）,since+时间段+ago,疑问词how long,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等.例如：How long _______ your brother joined the army?A.hasB.hadC.is it sinceD.was there that通过审题,答案B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知how long 为一段时间的状语,不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用,所以这题的正确答案是C.另外,动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to →live in finish/end →be over come to →be in sit down →be seated marry →be married dress →be dressed等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了.The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了.We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了.How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间?除了用上面的转化形式之外,还可以用其他的表达形式：A.It is/ has been+时间+since……（动词用过去式）,B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago.例如：It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了.He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago. It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai. Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.。
延续性动词与短暂性动词
延续性动词与短暂性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与短暂性动词。
延续性动词可以与以since, for , how long等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。
例如:He has lived here for 6 years.How long did you stay there last year?短暂性动词也称终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束.如:open ,die ,close ,begin ,finish ,come ,go,join ,borrow ,lend ,buy ,arrive , reach ,start ,marry ,end等。
短暂性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点:1.短暂性动词可与just, yet, already , ever, never等连用, 用于现在完成时。
例如: The old man hasjust died.2.短暂性动词的肯定形式是不能持续的，所以不能和以since，for ，how long等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。
例如：The old man has die d for two weeks。
(错误)How long have you borrowed the book? ( 错误)在以上两句中, die和borrow都是短暂性动词, 可用于现在完成时, 但在肯定句中不能与以since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。
因此是错误的。
3.短暂性动词的否定式可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
例如: He hasn't left here since 1986.三．短暂性动词如果用于表示一段时间的现在完成时肯定句中, 需要作相应的变化。
现将常见的短暂性动词的转化归纳如下。
1.用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词。
buy → have borrow → keep put on →wear become →be catch a cold → have a cold come to work→ work begin to teach → teachget to know→ know make friends→be friends fall ill→ be ill1).buy →have （买）I bought the bike three weeks ago.I have had the bike for three weeks.I have had the bike since three weeks ago.It is three weeks since I bought the bike.Three weeks has passed since I bought the bike.2.用be+形容词或副词替换短暂性动词。
短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法英语中的动词有多种分类法。
根据其有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait，have,,live,teach,keep,like 等。
短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如leave, begin, start, return, arrive, reach, die, marry, bear, see, hear, receive, buy, get, enter, take off, start off, come in, come back, take place, break out, put on, put down, go in 等。
终止性动词构成的现在完成时，不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，终止性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时，start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语：eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago.2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.注意：以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
延续性短暂性动词
延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如：stay, live, learn, study, work, wait, watch, sing, read等。
短暂性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move,borrow, buy, die等。
现在完成时常跟表示一段时间的时间状语，如“for +一段时间”、“since +时间点”、“during the past+一段时间”等，因此谓语必须是一种状态或表示延续性的动作，具体来说，它必须是延续性动词及其短语、短暂性动词及其短语的否定式，或表示状态的词或短语。
常用的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换buy---have get up---be up borrow---keepleave---be away from put on---be ongo to town---be in town lose---be missingcatch a cold---have a cold close---be not openopen(v.)---be open(adj.) fall ill---be illclose---be not open come back---be backjoin---be in /be a membercome to/arrive at(in)/reach/get to---be here/therebegin/start to learn/study/work/teach learn/study/work/teacheg.1、Eric has been to Beijing since 1999.其表达的是Eric来到北京这一状态从1999年持续到现在。
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初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait等。
短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive,reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。
一．短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法：现在完成时中用法（一）：表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作，常用ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既不过延续性动词，也不过短暂性动词。
如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暂性动词)I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延续性动词)现在完成时中用法（二）：表示始于过去某时并一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示始于过去某一时刻并一直延续到现在的时间状语连用。
如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延续性动词）Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词)I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词)所以，在现在完成时中用法（二）中，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
初中英语中常见的有：例如：1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T) 2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F)My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T)4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暂性动词的现在完成时的否定形式能够表示一种延续的状态，所以能够和表示一段的状语连用。
如:（1）Mrs. Smith hasn't left her hometown for twenty years.史密斯太太已有二十年没有离开家乡了。
(2) The little girl hasn't come to my home for a long time.这个小孩已有好长时间没来我家了。
（3）I haven't borrowed the books from the library for two months.我已有两个月没从这个图书馆借书了。
二．在When, while, as 引导的时间状语从句中短暂性动词与延续性动词的使用。
when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句都可表示"当……时"，但也有区别。
when可指一段时间，也可指一点时间，既可表示短暂性，一时性的动作，又可表示延续性的动作。
由when引导的状语从句其谓语动词能够是延续性动词也能够是短暂性动词。
while只能表示延续性的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂性的动作，引导的状语从句中谓语动词是延续性动词。
as所表示的动作与主句动作同时发生，具有延续的含义，一般同延续性动词连用。
as 和 while 可译为“一边……一边……”，“正当……的时候”。
例如：(1) She came into the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.(go on 为延续性动词词语)正当开会的时候，他走进了房间。
（指一段时间）（2）When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.(come是短暂性动词)她来的时候我会叫她等你的。
（指一点时间，不能用while)(3) I made many friends when (while) I lived in Beijing. (live 是延续性动词)我住在北京时交了很多朋友。
（指一段时间）（4）While ( As) Helen was reading , Jack was writing.(read是延续性动词)海伦阅读时，杰克在写东西。
（指一段时间）三。
（not）...till / until句式中短暂性动词与延续性动词的使用。
till 和until 这两个词的意思都是"直到……"，引导一个表示一端时间的状语，其后的介词宾语或从句表明这段时间的终点，用法相近，但在句首只能用until。
在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；正在否定句中，until 或till 能够和非延续性动词连用，这时, until和before 同义，not...until 和not...before 意思相同，表示"直到......才","在.......以前不"。
例如：（1）My father kept working in the office till (until) twelve o'clock last night.我父亲昨晚在办公室一直工作到十二点。
(2) I waited there till (until) noon yesterday.我昨天在那儿一直等到中午。
(3) She stood there till (until) he had passed out of sight. (stand为延续性动词)她站在那里看着，直到望不见他的身影。
(4) He didn't go into the room until I returned.(go into 为短暂性动词)直到我回来他才进入房间。
(5) Until (不用till)he had finished their homework, they didn't go home.他们直到工作完成了才回家。
(go home 是短暂性动词）（6）We can not leave school until (till) Saturday.(leave 是短暂性动词）我们到周六才可离校。
（7）I didn't finish reading that story till (until) yesterday.我直到昨天才看完那个故事。
（finish是短暂性动词）另外，有些动词。
既可用作延续性动词，也可用作非延续性动词，所以，其肯定式和否定式均与until或till 连用，但表示的意义往往不同。
例如：He ate until it was dark.他吃饭一直吃到天黑。
（eat为延续性动词)He didn't eat until it was dark. 他直到天黑才吃饭。
（eat为短暂性动词）四。
在能够用How long 提问表示一段时间的句子中，谓语动作通常使用延续性动词。
如：（1）----How ling will the meeting last? The meeting will last two hours.(2) -----How long can I keep the book? You can keep the book for two weeks.(3) -----How long has she studied English? She has studied English for three years.(4) -----How long did his mother keep on working yesterday?-----His mother kept on working for six hours yesterday?能够看出，这些句子中的谓语动词last, keep, study 都是延续性动词。
英语中短暂性动词是什么啊？延续性动词又是什么？短暂性动词，又叫瞬间动词，表示短暂、瞬间完成的动作，如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.延续性动词表示的动作不但能够延续，而且能够产生持久的影响。
常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。
延续性动词常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。
例如：1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．自从来到中国，我已经学会了l，000多个汉字。
2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自从来到这儿，我们就一直住在临清。
3．I have kept the picture for about three years．这张画我保存了大约三年。
瞬间动词构成的完成时，不能够用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，它不能表示动作的延续，所以不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如能够说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area. 但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.已解决问题英语中的相对的延续性动词与瞬间性动词有哪些？例如：borrow 相对keep延续性动词:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write ,dance, sing,smoke瞬间性动词:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish1、终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。