上海牛津版八年级下册语法知识点总结综合---宾从,定从,倒装,句子成分

➢简单句---五种基本句型

1）主语+ 不及物动词【主谓】The dog died.

2) 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语【主谓宾】I teach English.

3）主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语【主谓宾宾】She sent me a present. 4）主语+ 及物动词+宾语+ 宾语补足语【主谓宾宾补】

5）主语+ 系动词+表语【主系表】

➢并列句---由并列连词【fanboys】连接的句子。

fanboys: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

1. 注意就远原则、就近原则

2. 注意逻辑语义关系。

➢主从复合句

从句的语序：陈述语序--- 引导词后紧跟从句的主语。

【注意特例】：特殊疑问词本身做主语的时候，改为宾从的时候，语序不变。

what’s wrong / the matter/the problem (with…)

which is the way to…

what is the most beautiful ….

what is happening over there…

who is standing there…

3) 时态

主现从不限，主过从必过，真理永一现。

注意：在改写宾从的时候，1）如果主句是一般过去式，从句要用相应的过去时态。2）注意人称变化；3）注意时间状语的变化

3.定从考点梳理

注意：只能用that 的情况

1. 先行词是all, few, little, much, something, anything, everything 等不定代词

2. 先行词由only , very 修饰

3. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰

4.先行词中既有人又有物

非限制性定语从句：

特点：先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开

which引导：先行词既可以是一个单词，也可以是一整个句子

as 引导：可参考常见搭配：

as sb expected

as is mentioned before

as is well-known

4. 状语从句重点连接词

时间状语从句

since---自从；与现在完成时连用

as soon as –一…就

not … until…直到….才…

原因状语从句since；as

目的状语从句so that

让步状语从句：though/although/even if/ even though, 不与but 连用

条件状语从句：if, unless, as/so long as

方式状语从句：as(按照)，as if/as though

Part Three 倒装句--- NAOSHI原则

NAOSHI----N--- negative words 【当句首出现否定意义成分，需要进行部分倒装】

●NAOSHI----A (as / though 引导的让步状语从句)

分词/名词(无冠词)/短语+ as/though + 主语+ 谓语

Although/Though I was very tired, I tried to help them.

= Tired as/ though I was, tried to help them.

Though she is a girl, she behaves like a boy.

= Girl as/though she is, [ 此处强调部分为a + n单时；倒装时不用加a]

●NAOSHI—o : only + 状语（adv./ 介词短语/状从）+ 助动词+主语+动词（部分倒装）

Only then did he realize his mistake.

Only in this way can you learn English well.

Only when you finish your homework can you watch TV. [从句不倒装，主句倒装]

注意易错：Only you can go to school. 【only 后不接状语，不用倒装。此句only 修饰的是主语】

●NAOSHI—s==so, neither

So did I . 我也是

So I did. 确实如此

I did so. 我做过这件事。

1.So+ 助动词+主语；表示“也…” Neither/Nor + 助动词+主语: 表示“也不…”

【拓展固定结构】：So it is with… 表示前面提及的事也适合后者。

Man can’t l ive without water or air. So it is with animals.

人不能离开水和空气。动物也是如此。

NAOSHI—H：Here 等引导的地点状语（方向）、时间状语，位于句首时，要用完全倒装。

Here comes the bus.

In front of you sits Timy.

Hearing Timy’s homework, away fled the students.

常见标志词：here, there, now, then, away, off, in, out, up , down 等+ 介词短语

易错：当主语是人称代词的时候，不用完全倒装。

Away they went.

Away went the students.

Out went the man.

Out he rushed.