托福阅读句子简化题真题分析
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案托福阅读中词汇题是重要题型之一。
根据托福阅读题型不同来进行专项练习，是短期提高托福阅读能力的有效方法。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一系列的托福简化题内容汇总希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Early Cinema【Paragraph 2】These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several. (Early Cinema) Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence from the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.○Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.○Edison did not want to develop projection technologybecause it limited the number of machines he could sell.○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：Desert Formation【Paragraph 10】The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas whereconsiderable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface. (Desert Formation)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.托福阅读句子简化题答案：1托福阅读句子简化题：The Origins of Cetaceans【Paragraph 5】An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs.The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales bymoving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea.(The Origins of Cetaceans)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structureshows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up a nd down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：highlighted sentence【Paragraph 1】Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ( Applied Arts and Fine Arts)○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.托福阅读词汇题答案：1。
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析托福阅读句子简化题实例解析, 如何利用逻辑解题法解决简化题。
今天给大家带来托福阅读句子简化题实例解析,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析如何利用逻辑解题法解决简化题?一.托福阅读句子简化题难点解析在托福阅读题型中，句子简化题可算是一种让学生颇为头疼的题型了，首先这种题型涉及句子阅读与理解，需要考生有一个比较好的句子分析基础，另外，它又同*段落结构相联系，同时答案又是选出简化后的内容，所以要求学生在确定*主题以及段落大意的情况下，通过仔细阅读来确定某些特定句子的主要意思。
那么怎样做这类题才能达到较好的复习效果呢?今天我们就一起来学习一下怎么做简化题，下面我为大家介绍一种方法，即运用逻辑解题法，希望对大家有所帮助。
二.逻辑解题法简述逻辑解题法，顾名思义就是通过对句子进行分析，在了解句子结构的基础上，分析句子的主要逻辑结构，找到句子所要表达的核心内容，然后对应答案，选出内容逻辑都符合的正确选项。
句子简化题简化的是内容，但不是逻辑，所以通过逻辑解题法我们可以快速锁定正确答案范围。
逻辑解题法主要有以下三个步骤：通读原句，分析句子结构，找到句子主干及句子所表达的主要逻辑关系查看选项，排除非主干逻辑的选项根据句子内容，对应逻辑关系的具体对象，选出正确答案。
三.托福阅读句子简化题实例解析下面我们来看一个例子：例: The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.上面这句话就是一个高亮的句子，我们来看一下对应的 4 个选项：A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in variouscountries are involved in the effort. D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.按照逻辑解题法的步骤，首先我们先分析一下原句，找到主干逻辑。
新托福阅读句子简化解题方法探析
新托福阅读句子简化解题方法探析朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露在托福阅读的十大题型中，句子简化题相对来说是一个比较低调的题型，它以每篇文章一道题的概率默默而坚实地存在着。
而就该题型的难度来说，处于十大题型的中间水平；就答题技巧性而言，属于十大题型中技巧性较强的题型。
该题型需要考生从四个选项中选出一个句子能够作为段落中一个阴影句子的同义句。
朗阁福州托福培训中心的托福培训专家认为，该题型主要考察两个方面：逻辑&语义。
因此，考生可以沿着这两个方向去解题。
一、逻辑所谓逻辑层面，即同义替换句与原句必须保持在逻辑关系上的一致。
常考的逻辑关系包括因果关系，转折关系，比较关系。
A. 因果关系a. 显性因果1）因：Because; for; as; since; on account of; with2）果：So; so that; therefore; thereby; as a result; hence; thus; consequently; accordinglyb. 隐性因果1）导致（因→果）Cause; lead to; give rise to; result in2）由…而来（果→因）Result from; derive from; originate from; initiate from; stem from3）反映/体现（果→因）Reflect; demonstrate; suggest4）考虑到/依赖于（因→果）Reason; considering; in view of; thanks to; rely on; depend on; according to; resort to例题：The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected， as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage？Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○ Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○ Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○ The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○ Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is redu ced in the vast areas affected.解题步骤：1.观察阴影部分句子，发现表隐性因果的短语result from2.浏览选项，发现A和B选项含有因果关系3.分析原句：原句中“因”：？大量受到影响的土地vast areas of land？大量受到影响的人口tremendous numbers of people？很难去减慢或者颠覆沙漠化过程reverse or slow the process原句中“果”：沙漠化是一个严重serious的问题分析A选项：“因”：reverse process; affect large areas of land; affect great numbers of people；“果”：沙漠化是一个significant的问题。
【实例解析】提速托福阅读关键 合理简化文中长难句
【实例解析】提速托福阅读关键合理简化文中长难句在托福阅读的考试中，有着“十大经典题型”是很多备考学生所津津乐道的备考内容。
其中托福阅读试题中的句子简化题便是一个，这种托福阅读题如果不会正确的方法可能会耽误不少时间，下面就来详细介绍一下这个问题。
句子简化的托福阅读试题可分为两种类型，那解答这种托福阅读题的方法也相应不同：第一种是有逻辑关系的句子。
那就需要分辨是哪一种逻辑关系，常见的逻辑关系有三种：转折、因果和比较;第二步就是要确定逻辑关系的双方：假如是因果关系就需要确定原因和结果分别是什么。
错误选项往往会因果倒置;假如是转折关系就需要确定作者更强调哪一部分信息。
错误选项往往把次要信息放在主要的位置上(如but后面);如果是比较关系的话，就需要确定比较的双方，比较的内容和比较的结果。
错误选项往往把比较结果弄反。
有些托福阅读题型句子逻辑和答案逻辑是相对应的，优先用逻辑解题比较简单，可以迅速正确解题，如例1。
Example 1 TPO5-2 The Origin of the Pacific Island PeopleContrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.先看原句，contrary to表示一个与主干部分相反的附加信息，主干部分在逗号之后，后半句说看起来合理的是这个壮举是由精心准备的殖民远征实现的，他们满载食物和动植物。
教你搞定托福阅读句子简化题
教你搞定托福阅读句子简化题（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!教你搞定托福阅读句子简化题托福阅读中的句子简化题怎么做？你找对方法了吗？下面本店铺给大家带来教你搞定托福阅读句子简化题，望喜欢！搞定托福阅读句子简化题那些小秘密人在出生的时候，最先拥有的感观能力是“听”，但随着长大，真的懂得“听”的人却很少。
托福阅读TPO27句子简化题分析——题1
Crafts in the Ancient Near EastParagraph 1Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of that millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements. A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements. While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute. But Uruk’s dominant size in the entire region, far surpassing that of other settlements, indicates that it was a regional center and a true city. Indeed, it was the first city in human history.Q1 Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Although scholars cannot accurately determine the size of the Uruk population,they know the citizens were not dependent on agriculture.B.Scholars do not have enough evidence to determine whether the agricultural areasjust outside of Uruk were large enough to feed the city’s populationC.Because city populations cannot feed themselves, scholars think the surroundingfarms provided food for the people in UrukD.Scholars believe that the inhabitants of Uruk were able to support themselvesfrom produce grown in field surrounding the city.确定句子核心信息While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute.分析：本句是由while引导的让步状语从句（注：while出现在句中引导对比对照关系的状语从句；如出现在句首则引导让步关系的状语从句，）+主句scholars assume that…the city组成一个虽然…但是…的大结构。
托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲
托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲常有同学觉得托福阅读中的句子简化题难做，几个选项看着都差不多实在区分不出其中的差别。
今天给大家带来了托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲,希望能够帮助到大家在托福考试中拿高分，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
【题型思路】托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲托福阅读句子简化题解题思路实例分析例1 [结果]These plants are termed opportunists because [原因]they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.A. Because [原因]their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, [结果]dandelions are classified as opportunists.B. [结果]Dandelions are called opportunists because [原因]they contribute to the natural processes of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy.C. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they can compete with the seeds of other plants.D. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by natural processes.你发现原句中有个because，就知道这句话是在解释，必定有因有果。
托福阅读-句子简化题
练习题三
要点一
总结词
识别句子中的修饰成分
要点二
详细描述
练习题三要求考生识别句子中的修饰成分，如形容词、副 词、介词短语等，并理解其在句子中的作用。通过练习， 考生可以增强对句子细节的把握能力，提高对复杂句子的 理解水平。
05备考建议与总结提高阅读速度与理解能力
大量阅读
01
通过阅读英文原著、新闻、学术论文等，提高阅读速度和理解
03
句子简化题实例解析
题目展示与解析
题目
The company has a strong commitment to environmental protection, and it has taken several measures to reduce its carbon footprint.
总结词
理解句子结构
VS
详细描述
通过练习题一，考生可以加深对句子结构 的理解，掌握如何识别主语、谓语、宾语 以及从句等关键成分，从而更好地理解句 子的意义。
练习题二
总结词
提炼句子主干
详细描述
练习题二要求考生提炼句子的主干，即主谓 宾结构，从而把握句子的核心信息。通过练 习，考生可以提高快速筛选关键信息的能力， 有助于在考试中快速理解文章内容。
修饰成分分析
修饰成分分析
在提取主干后，需要分析句子的修饰成分，如定语、状语等，这些成分对句子的意义和逻辑关系起到补充和修饰 的作用。
示例
原句“The scientist conducted an experiment to determine the effects of radiation on plants.” 的修饰 成分是“to determine the effects of radiation on plants”（为了确定辐射对植物的影响），补充说明了实验 的目的。
托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析
托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析句子简化题做法介绍托福阅读句子简化题怎么做?托福阅读的句子简化题要求考生快速地把文章段落中打上阴影的一个长难句简化成一个意思不变的同义句。
解答句子简化题其实有一个规律，那就是：原句的核心信息在正确选项中一定被同义改写了，但是句子中的重要的逻辑关系是不会变的。
知道这个规律，解开这道题就变得简单了。
托福阅读句子简化题解题技巧实例讲解下面，我们来看官方真题Official3Desertification这篇文章的句子简化题：The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people.B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land.C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort.D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.很多托福考生在做句子简化题时，习惯性地把待简化的句子翻译成中文，那样做其实不仅慢，而且很容易乱。
【实例分析】托福阅读句子简化题-Electricity from Wind
【实例分析】托福阅读句子简化题-Electricity from Wind句子简化题又叫做释义题，即recognizingparaphrases，是新托福阅读当中比较浪费考生时间的一种题型。
该题要求用另一种表达方式表达与原句相同的意思。
只要是句子简化题，其所有的题目指令都是一样的，因此考试可以忽略阅读此指令，直接去看原文句子。
那么，应对这样类型的题目我们又该使用怎样的呢?我们为大家带来了一系列的实例解析，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Electricity from WindLarge wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratorybirds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especiallyhawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines thatare ideal for wind turbines. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines haspitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection againstenvironmentalists who promote renewable wind energy. Researchers are evaluatinghow serious this problem is and hope to find ways to eliminate or sharply reducethis problem. Some analysts also contend that the number of birds killed by windturbines is dwarfed by birds killed by other human-related sources and bythe potential loss of entire bird species from possible global warming. Recordeddeaths of birds of prey and other birds in wind farms in the United Statescurrently amount to no more than 300 per year. By contrast, in the United States an estimated 97 million birds are killed each year when they collide with buildings made of plate glass, 57 million are killed on highways each year; at least 3.8 million die annually from pollution and poisoning; and millions of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power produced by nuclear and coal power plants. (Electricity from Wind)Q：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A：○Hawks, falcons, and eagles prefer to hunt along ridge lines, where wind turbines can kill large numbers of migratory birds.○Wind turbines occasionally cause migratory birds to change their flightpatterns and therefore may interfere withthe areas where birds of prey prefer to hunt.○Some of the best locations for large wind farms are places that may cause problems for migrating birds and birds of prey.○Large wind farms in certain areas kill hawks, falcons, and eagles and thusmight create a more ideal path for the flight of migratory birds.。
托福阅读句子简化题深度解析
托福阅读句子简化题深度解析句子简化题是托福阅读中不可忽视的一类题型，它考察学生对长难句的理解和同义替换能力的掌握，而这些技能在学生未来的海外求学生涯中都极为重要。
下面我们就以真题为例，给大家深入解析一下句子简化题的应对策略，希望有助于各位的托福阅读备考。
托福阅读句子简化题深度解析对于句子简化题，有一些题目如果句子不长，我们做题的基本原则就是：同义替换。
找到原句中的关键的词在选项当中进行同义替换。
例如In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart fromthe rest of the animal kingdom.Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.先来看题干：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.该题要求从选项中选择一个能够表达原文阴影句子核心信息的句子。
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读句子简化题实例解析摘要：上回说我们说到了线索词，老师说大家对线索词一定要非常敏感。
为什么呢？因为里面有解题的各种技巧和法宝。
我们今天就结合句子解析题来看看。
句子简化题因果关系The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.a.Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large area of land and great number of people.b.Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.c.The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.d.Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.大家注意，这个句子中出现了一个result from,说明有因果关系出现。
托福阅读句子简化题例子解析
托福阅读句子简化题例子解析面对托福阅读部分来说，对于考试的题型，无论是题型特点还是解题技巧，我们都是需要我们掌握的，今天我们就通过实例来进行详细的解析，帮助大家更好地来备考。
托福阅读句子简化题例子解析句子简化题是托福阅读必考题目，每篇一题，主要考察考生对复杂句子的主干信息的把握。
所谓主干信息，要分清主句和从句，尤其是主句的语法主干：即主语谓语和宾语。
除此以外，还有注意常考的几种信息类型，如反面或负面信息，表示比较或对比的信息等等。
做到这些还不够。
此题的正确选项特点是：对原句的主干信息进行同义替换，即用词汇或语法手段替换原句的主干信息。
因此，如果你发现有的选项包括和原句长相非常相似的词汇，千万当心!来看下面的例子：Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by somearbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.原句的主要信息点包括：因果关系since, 否定信息not, 强调信息only。
托福阅读真题分析
托福阅读真题分析托福阅读真题分析从较长的时间跨度来看，新题肯定比老题难，因为考生的整体水平在提高，要拉开差距就要提高难度。
但是，难度的提高也不是那么惹眼，而是缓慢的进行。
例如这次新题，虽然三篇都是自然科学类文章，通常来说，自然科学类文章相对于人文历史类，生词量、长难句和语言的抽象性都应该少一些，但却并非如此。
2.1 词汇量增大，且增加对词组的考查第一篇文章Life on Mars(火星上的生命)，推测火星上存在的一种原始生命形式碳酸盐球体(carbonate globules)，以及最后一段对该碳酸盐球体的结构分析中出现的若干词汇：半透膜(semipermeable membranes)、身体内腔(internal cavities)、氨基酸(amino acids)等。
第三篇文章Aquatic Desert Animals(沙漠中的水生动物)，生词量也很大，如unshed skin(未脱去的皮肤)，concoon(茧子)，bladder(膀胱)，outpacing development(超过身体发育的.速度)，metamorphosis(变态)，agitate the water(搅动水源)，cysts(囊状包裹物)，dehydrated(脱水的)，promptly(迅速地)，等等，在此不一一展开。
2.2 要求结合语境，准确理解单词意思【考句1】T emporary bodies of water, including flat-bottomed basins known as playas, can host strictly aquatic species.In describing some species as “strictly” aquatic, the author means that these species○ exist in aquatic environments only○ require specific kinds of aquaticenvironments○ spend part but not all of their lives inwater○ normally require aquatic envi ronments【解析】来自第三篇文章Aquatic Desert Animals第五段词汇题，这段讲述的是沙漠里另一种水生动物仙虾(fairy shrimp)，不同于上段的锄足蟾(spadefoot toad)，仙虾是严格意义上的水生动物，一生都待在水里，所以这里的“strictly(严格意义上地)”，究竟应该选A还是D?非常棘手!2.3 长难句增多，难度系数增加，且前后句咬合紧密，需整体理解【考句2】Amphibians beat the odds, not with extremely adaptive structures or organic processes but with a life history in which their activity and reproduction occur during brief period of favorable conditions.【解析】第三篇文章Aquatic Desert Animals句子简化题所在句。
托福阅读句子简化题真题分析
托福阅读句子简化题真题分析在学会确定句子简化题（简称“句简题”）的核心信息后，我们来做一道来自TPO 31的句简题。
题目如下：Graves drew two conclusions from these observations. First, at least some of the observed differences between the enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations were not random but were the result of evolutionary adaptation. Second, it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically diverge from each other. Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.Q12 Which of the sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated.B.Graves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of other studies involving allopatric speciation.C.Graves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginning.D.Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes register neutral or adaptive mutations.1. 首先确定句子核心信息Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, 【divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.】词汇：A glimpse of 看见，瞥见Mutation 突变，变种Divergence 变化，变异Allopatric speciation 异地物种形成2. 理解大意该句是由because引导的原因状语从句和方括号内的主句组成的嵌套句，从句的主谓宾已用绿色字体标出，大意为：因为G的研究让人们看到了突变的逐渐累积过程的开始，所以这里的变异可能是正在进行中的异地物种形成的证据。
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托福阅读句子简化题真题分析
在学会确定句子简化题（简称“句简题”）的核心信息后，我们来做一道来做好人力资源，企业无忧
自TPO 31的句简题。
题目如下：
Graves drew two conclusions from these observations. First, at least some of the observed differences between the enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations were not random but were the result of evolutionary adaptation. Second, it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically diverge from each other. Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.
Q12 Which of the sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A.Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated.
B.Graves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of other studies involving allopatric speciation.
C.Graves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginning.
D.Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes register neutral or adaptive mutations.
1. 首先确定句子核心信息
Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, 【divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.】
词汇：
A glimpse of 看见，瞥见
Mutation 突变，变种
Divergence 变化，变异
Allopatric speciation 异地物种形成
2. 理解大意
该句是由because引导的原因状语从句和方括号内的主句组成的嵌套句，从句的主谓宾已用绿色字体标出，大意为：因为G的研究让人们看到了突变的逐渐
累积过程的开始，所以这里的变异可能是正在进行中的异地物种形成的证据。
也即是说：G的研究为异地物种形成提供了证据。
3. 核对选项
A．Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated.
A选项主句信息缺失
B．G raves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of other studies involving allopatric speciation.
B选项提到“不同”，而原句未提及
C．G raves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginning.
C选项说到G关于鱼的研究为异地物种形成的开始提供了证据，与之前分析的大意一致
D．Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes register neutral or adaptive mutations.
D选项主句信息缺失
所以该题正确答案为C。