园林设计专业英语
园林景观专业词汇英语
2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer 2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design2.0331 造价分析cost analysis2.0332 园林形式garden style2.0333 规整式园林formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林informal garden style2.0335 几何式园林geometric garden style2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden2.0340 园林区划garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划garden block planning2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden2.0343 前庭front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭patio2.0346 厨园kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园sunken garden2.0348 窗园window garden2.0349 墙园wall garden2.0350 宅园home garden2.0351 台地园terrace garden2.0352 冬园winter garden2.0353 切花园cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园roof garden2.0355 后花园back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden 2.0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound2.0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 2.0360 黄石yellowish brown stone2.0361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone 2.0362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone2.0363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making2.0364 叠石stones laying2.0365 板石flag stone2.0366 散点石scattered stone2.0367 抱角石corner stone2.0368 屋基石foundation stone2.0369 排衙石guard stone2.0370 屏石screen stone2.0371 石岸rock bank2.0372 石阶stone steps2.0373 汀步stepping stone on water surface 2.0374 附壁石stone appended to wall2.0375 石花台stone flower bed2.0376 石凳stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall2.0378 干砌石dry stone wall2.0379 假山石楼梯rock stairway2.0380 石亭stone pavilion2.0381 石洞stone cavern2.0382 石窟grotto2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout 2.0384 拱石arch stone2.0385 拱顶石key stone2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden2.0387 水体water body2.0388 水面water surface2.0389 水池pool2.0390 水塘pond2.0391 喷泉fountain2.0392 喷水池fountain pool2.0393 涉水池wading pool2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool 2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain2.0401 岛园island garden2.0402 半岛园peninsula garden2.0403 小岛isle2.0404 瀑布waterfall2.0405 小瀑布cascade2.0406 湖lake2.0407 矶rock projecting over water2.0408 水帘洞water curtain cave2.0409 园桥garden bridge2.0410 拱桥arch bridge2.0411 石板桥stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥plank bridge2.0413 圆木桥log bridge2.0414 亭桥pavilion bridge2.0415 曲桥zigzag bridge2.0416 壁泉wall fountain2.0417 饮水喷头drinking fountain2.0418 植物配植plant arrangement2.0419 树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 2.0420 群植group planting, mass planting2.0421 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting 2.0422 丛植clump planting2.0423 组植group planting2.0424 林植forest planting2.0425 列植linear planting2.0426 对植opposite planting, coupled planting 2.0427 环植circular planting2.0428 带植belt planting2.0429 散植scattered planting, loose planting 2.0430 边缘种植edge planting2.0431 边界种植boundary planting2.0432 整形种植architectural planting2.0433 基础种植foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植corner planting2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting2.0438 障景种植screen planting2.0439 背景种植background planting2.0440 林下种植underwood planting2.0441 路边种植roadside planting2.0442 绿篱hedge2.0443 树墙espalier2.0444 庭荫树shade tree2.0445 园景树specimen tree2.0446 风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest 2.0447 行道树avenue tree, street tree2.0448 纪念林memorial forest2.0449 整型树topiary tree2.0450 花篱flower hedge’2.0451 刺篱thorny plants hedge2.0452 常绿绿篱evergreen hedge2.0453 落叶绿篱deciduous hedge2.0454 高篱high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge2.0460 边篱boundary fence2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge2.0462 纯林pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland2.0465 杂木林spinney2.0466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy2.0467 草坪lawn2.0468 整形草坪formal lawn2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn2.0470 牧场草坪meadowy land2.0471 花坛flower bed2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed2.0474 时钟花坛flower clock2.0475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed2.0476 高设花台raised flower bed2.0477 毛毡花坛carpet bed2.0478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed2.0479 铺石花坛paved bed2.0480 灌木花坛shrub bed2.0481 图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed2.0483 花结花坛knot bed2.0484 整形花坛formal flower bed2.0485 花境flower border2.0486 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed2.0489 瓶饰garden vase2.0490 灌木花境shrub border2.0491 混合花境mixed border2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design2.0493 漫步路trail, footway2.0494 小径alley, path2.0495 川草坪岛lawn island2.0496 安全岛traffic island, refuge island2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature2.0498 转弯半径turning radius2.0499 踏面landing pitch2.0500 步石stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步wading step2.0502 错铺路crazy paving path2.0503 随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random 2.0504 花纹路pattern path2.0505 林荫路mall2.0506 林荫大道boulevard2.0507 花园路parkway2.0508 林间小道path in woodland2.0509 种植池planting bed2.0510 树池保护格栅tree grate2.0511 树干保护套栏tree guard2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting2.0513 路面线纹score line2.0514 传统园林建筑traditional garden building2.0515 凉亭summer shelter2.0516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor2.0517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion2.0518 茅亭thatched pavilion2.0519 竹亭bamboo pavilion2.0520 茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk2.0521 回廊cloister2.0522 水廊corridor on water2.0523 曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery2.0525 楼廊two-storied gallery2.0526 画舫painted pleasure boat2.0527 石舫stone boat2.0528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat2.0529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab2.0530 月洞门moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆seat rail2.0533 石碑stone tablet, stele2.0534 园林露天剧场open garden theater2.0535 园林露天舞池open garden dancing place2.0536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand2.0537 眺望台prospect deck2.0538 繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse2.0539 展览温室public conservatory2.0540 月池new-moon pool2.0541 园林小品small garden ornaments2.0542 磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat2.0544 园凳garden bench2.0545 园桌garden table2.0546 园灯garden lamp2.0547 日规sundial2.0548 鸟浴bird bath2.0549 鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box2.0550 鸟笼bird cage, bird coop2.0551 悬篮hanging basket2.0552 野鸟喂食器bird feeder2.0553 额匾horizontal inscribed board2.0554 楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar2.0555 引露天烤炉open barbecue2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola2.0557 花架pergola2.0558 花格架trellis, treillage2.0559 点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway2.0560 园林施工garden layout, garden construction2.0561 种植工程planting engineering2.0562 大树移植big tree transplanting2.0563 裸根移植bare root transplanting2.0564 土球移植ball transplanting2.0565 沟植trench planting2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting2.0567 播种草坪seeding lawn2.0568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn2.0569 假山工程rockery engineering2.0570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling2.0571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced2.0572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the b ack part2.0573 上轻下重法method of lowering the center ofgravity of rocks2.0574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins2.0575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials2.0576 观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub2.0577 观叶植物foliage plant2.0578 观果植物fruit-effect plant2.0579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches 2.0580 指示植物indicating plant2.0581 主景植物accent plant2.0582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant2.0583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant2.0584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant2.0585 市花city flower2.0586 市树city tree2.0587 国花national flower2.0588 国树national tree2.0589 芳香植物fragrant plant2.0590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant2.0591 环保植物environment protecting plant2.0592 高山植物alpine plant2.0593 岩生植物rock plant2.0594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber2.0595 地被植物ground cover plant2.0596 阴生植物shade plant2.0597 装饰植物decorative plant2.0598 装缘植物edging plant2.0599 绿蓠植物hedge plant2.0600 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass2.0601 花坛植物bedding plant2.0602 球根植物bulbous plant2.0603 宿根植物perennial plant, perennial2.0604 水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte2.0605 旱生植物xerophyte2.0606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant2.0607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant2.0608 切花cut flower2.0609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant2.0610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant2.0611 针叶植物needle-leaved plant2.0612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant2.0613 斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant2.0614 松柏植物conifer2.0615 常绿植物evergreen plant2.0616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant2.0617 不耐寒植物tender plant2.0618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant2.0619 耐寒植物hardy plant2.0620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant2.0621 山石材料stone material2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone2.0623 钟乳石stalactite2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone2.0625 英德石Yingde stone2.0626 青石Qing stone2.0627 宣石Xuan stone2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone2.0629 观赏动物ornamental animal2.0630 观赏鸟类ornamental bird2.0631 观赏兽类ornamental beast2.0632 观赏昆虫类ornamental insect02.8 园林机具设备2.0633 园林机械garden machine2.0634 园林工具garden instrument, garden implement2.0635 园林设备garden equipment2.0636 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider2.0637 种植容器planting container2.0638 圆木桩log peg2.0639 喷射装置jet bubbler2.0640 滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator2.0641 环动喷灌器circle sprinkler2.0642 圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler2.0643 自控器automatic controller2.0644 管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler2.0645 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler2.0646 喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler 2.0647 喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage2.0648 草坪加肥器lawn feeder2.0649 施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler2.0650 液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner 2.0651 滴水喷头emitter, dripper2.0652 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net2.0653 苗木包装材料nursery stock package material2.0654 麻布袋burlap bag2.0655 铁丝篮wire basket2.0656 篮状种植器basket container2.0657 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican2.0658 播种盘seed tray2.0659 网孔盆mesh pot2.0660 含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot2.0661 盆栽机potting machine2.0662 换盆机repotting machine2.0663 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container2.0664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter 2.0666 松土除草机cultivator2.0667 旋转锄rotary hoe2.0668 切叶机foliage cutter2.0669 翻地犁uncovering plough2.0670 盖土机mounted spreader2.0671 前悬装土机front mounted loader2.0672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader2.0673 旋轴剪草机spindle mower2.0674 栽植机planting machine2.0675 植物覆盖plant mulching2.0676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader2.0677 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder2.0678 修枝剪pruning shear2.0679 播种器garden seeder2.0680 球根种植器bulb planter2.0681 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer2.0682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer2.0683 嫁接刀grafting knife2.0684 温室设备greenhouse equipment2.0685 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system2.0686 温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller2.0687 温室覆盖greenhouse covering2.0688 喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system2.0689 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator2.0690 温度报警钟temperature alarm2.0691 游览车park sightseeing bus2.0692 引剪草机lawn mower2.0693 动力剪草机power lawnmower2.0694 畜力剪草机horse lawnmower2.0695 手推剪草机hand lawnmower2.0696 游人调查visitors investigation2.0697 游人统计visitors statistics2.0698 游人分析garden visitors analysis2.0699 游人管理visitors management2.0700 导游图tourist map2.0701 导游解说tour descri ption and direction2.0702 劳动管理labour management2.0703 物资管理material handling, goods handling2.0704 设备管理equipment management, facility management2.0705 财务管理financial management2.0706 安全管理safety management2.0707 环境监测environmental monitor2.0708 植物养护管理plant maintenance and management2.0709 园林技术管理garden technical management2.0710 质量管理quality management2.0711 园貌维修garden feature maintenance2.0712 植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning2.0713 植物病虫防治disease and insect control2.0714 园林管理规划management plan2.0715 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions2.0716 游人规则visitors regulation2.0717 园内交通管理traffic control in park2.0718 园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance2.0719 汽车停车规则parking rules2.0720 自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules2.0721 开放时间opening time2.0722 日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management 2.0723 人类生态环境human ecological environment2.0724 自然系统natural system2.0725 自然资源natural resource2.0726 自然保护conservation of nature2.0727 自然保存natural preservation2.0728 环境保护environmental protection2.0729 环境容量environment capacity2.0730 环境适宜性environment fitness2.0731 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality2.0732 共生symbiosis2.0733 互惠共生mutualism2.0734 公害public nuisance2.0735 生态绝灭ecological extinction2.0736 生态系统ecosystem2.0737 生态圈ecosphere2.0738 生态灾难ecological disaster2.0739 环境质量environmental quality2.0740 环境压力environment stress2.0741 生命维持系统life-support system2.0742 反馈系统feedback system2.0743 自养生物autotroph2.0744 异养生物heterotroph2.0745 食物链foodchain2.0746 生物圈biosphere2.0747 濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant2.0748 主体群落major community2.0749 人工群落artificial community2.0750 绿色革命green revolution2.0751 户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource2.0752 原始环境系统wilderness environment system2.0753 近代环境系统modern environment system2.0754 乡村生活模式country life-pattern2.0755 烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution2.0756 雾害fog pollution2.0757 霜害frost injury2.0758 水污染water pollution2.0759 土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination2.0760 园林小气候garden microclimate2.0761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant2.0762 引气候调节climatic regulation2.0763 自动调节机能homeostasis2.0764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis2.0765 森林生态系统forest ecosystem2.0766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem2.0767 滞尘植物dust holding plant景观专业词汇1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) main entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle & pedestrian)2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle & pedestrian)3.商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr.4.水景water feature5.小型露天剧场mini amphi-theatre6.迎宾景观-1 welcoming feature-17.观景木台timber deck (viewing)8.竹园bamboo garden9.漫步广场walkway plaza10.露天咖啡廊out door cafe11.巨大迎宾水景-2 grand welcoming feature -212.木桥timber bridge13.洞穴grotto14.吊桥hanging bridge15.休憩台地(低处) lounging terrace(lower)16.休憩台地(高处) lounging terrace(upper)17.特色踏步feature stepping stone18.野趣小溪river wild19.儿童乐园children's playground20.旱冰道slide21.羽毛球场badminton court22.旱景dry landscape23.日艺园Japanese garden24.旱喷泉dry fountain25.观景台viewing deck26.游泳池swimming pool27.极可意Jacuzzi28.嬉水池wading pool29.儿童泳池children's pool30.蜿蜒水墙winding wall31.石景雕塑rock sculpture32.中心广场central plaza33.健身广场exercise plaza34.桥bridge35.交流广场meditating plaza36.趣味树阵tree battle formation37.停车场parking area38.特色花架trellis39.雕塑小道sculpture trail40.(高尔夫)轻击区putting green41.高尔夫球会所golf clubhouse42.每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit43.篮球场basketball court44.网球场tennis court45.阶梯坐台terracing seatwall46.广场main plaza47.森林forest garden48.石景园rockery garden49.旱溪dry stream50.凉亭Pavilion51.户外淋浴outdoor shower52.拉膜结构tensile structure53.台阶stair54.高尔夫球车停车场parking(golf car)55.健身站exercise station56.晨跑小路jogging footpath57.车道/人行道driveway/sidewalk58.人行漫步道promenade59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) water fall and dancing fountain (entry plaza)60.特色入口entry feature61.石景广场rockery plaza总论园林学Landscape architecture,garden ar-chitecture造园学Garden making, landscape garden-ing环境园艺学Environmental horticulture观赏园艺学Ornamental horticulture园林艺术garden art园林美学Garden aesthetics园林建筑学Garden architecture园林建筑Garden building园林工程Garden engineering园林植物Landscape plant观赏植物Ornamental plant盆景Miniature landscape,penjing园林Garden and park园林学史History Of garden architecture园林规划Garden planning,landscaping planning园林设计Garden design园林机具设备Gardening machine园林管理Garden management园林生态Landscape ecology绿化greening,planting环境绿化Environmental greening绿地面积Green area绿地率Ratio Of green space城市绿化覆盖率Urban Green coverage工厂绿化Factory greening,factory garden-ing 街道绿化Street greening,street planting车行道绿化Driveway greening分车带绿化Dividing Stripe greening人行道绿化Sidewalk greening群众绿化Mass Planting movement郊区绿化Suburban greening公路绿化Highway greening铁路绿化Railway greening,railway planting 堤岸种植Bank planting阳台绿化Balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening屋顶绿化Roof greening垂直绿化Vertical greening攀缘绿化Climber greening桥头绿化Bridgehead greening花园garden专类花园Specified flower garden花园村Garden village园林城市Landscape garden city蔷薇园Rose garden松柏园Conifer garden球根园Bulb garden宿根园Perennial garden假山园Rock garden,Chinese rockery狩猎场Hunting ground街心花园Street crossing center garden小游园Petty Street garden水景园Water garden铺地园Paved garden野趣园Wild plants botanical garden野生植物园Wild plants garden乡趣园Rustic garden盆景园Penjing garden,miniature land-scape动物园zoo,zoological garden墓园Cemetery garden沼泽园Bog and marsh garden水生植物园Aquatic plants garden学校园School garden室内花园Indoor garden芳香花园Fragrant garden盲人花园Garden for the blind公园park,Public park城市公园City park,urban park区公园Regional park儿童公园Children park体育公园Sports park森林公园Forest park纪念公园Memorial park烈士纪念公园Martyr memorial park综合公园Comprehensive park文化公园Cultural park文化休憩公园Cultural and recreation park中央公园Central park天然公园Natural park海滨公园Seaside park,seabeach park古迹公园Historic site park河滨公园Riverside park湖滨公园Lakeside park路边公园Roadside park,street park娱乐公园Amusement park雕塑公园Sculpture park休憩公园Recreation park疗养公园Sanatorium park国家公园National park邻里公园Neighborhood park特种公园Special park植物园Botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden,herb garden绿地green space公共绿地Public green space单位绿地Unit green area城市绿地Urban green space街道广场绿地Street and square green area居住区绿地Residential quarter green area防护绿地Green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地Suburban green space街坊绿地Residential block green belt附属绿地Attached green space生产绿地Productive plantation area苗圃nursery风景landscape,scenery自然景观Natural landscape人文景观Human landscape,scenery of humanities 草原景观Prairie landscape山岳景观Mountain landscape,alpine landscape地理景观Geographical landscape湖泊景观Lake view郊区景观Suburban landscape地质景观Geological landscape喀斯特景观Karst landscape植物景观Plants landscape,flora landscape园林史中国园林史中国古典园林Classical Chinese garden中国传统园林Traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林Ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑Imperial palace garden皇家园林Royal garden私家园林Private garden江南园林Garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林Western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le-Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园Peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinthCover 封面Content 目录Design Explanation 设计说明Master Plan 总平面Space Sequence Analysis 景观空间分析Function Analysis 功能分析Landscape Theme Analysis 景观景点主题分析图Traffic Analysis 交通分析Vertical Plan 竖向平面布置图Lighting Furniture Layout 灯光平面布置示意图Marker/Background Music/Garbage Bin 标识牌/背景音乐/垃圾桶布置图Plan 平面图Hand Drawing 手绘效果图Section 剖面图Detail 详图Central Axis 中心公共主轴Reference Picture 参考图片Planting Reference Picture 植物选样材料类:aluminum 铝asphalt 沥青alpine rock 轻质岗石boasted ashlars 粗凿ceramic 陶瓷、陶瓷制品cobble 小圆石、小鹅卵石clay 粘土crushed gravel 碎砾石crushed stone concrete 碎石混凝土crushed stone 碎石cement 石灰enamel 陶瓷、瓷釉frosted glass 磨砂玻璃grit stone/sand stone 砂岩glazed colored glass/colored glazed glass 彩釉玻璃granite 花岗石、花岗岩gravel 卵石galleting 碎石片ground pavement material 墙面地砖材料light-gauge steel section/hollow steel section薄壁型钢light slates 轻质板岩lime earth 灰土masonry 砝石结构membrane 张拉膜、膜结构membrane waterproofing 薄膜防水mosaic 马赛克quarry stone masonry/quarrystone bond 粗石体plaster 灰浆polished plate glass/polished plate 磨光平板玻璃panel 面板、嵌板rusticated ashlars 粗琢方石rough rubble 粗毛石reinforcement 钢筋设计阶段:existing condition analysis 现状分析analyses of existings 城市现状分析construction site service 施工现场服务conceptual design 概念设计circulation analysis 交通体系分析construction drawing 施工图complete level 完成面标高details 细部设计、细部大样示意图diagram 示意图、表elevation 上升、高地、海拔、正面图development design扩初设计façade/elevation正面、立面general development analysis城市总体发展分析general situation survey概况general layout plan/master plan总平面general nature environment总体自然分析grid and landmark analysis城市网格系统及地标性建筑物分析general urban and landscape concept总体城市及景观设计概念general level design总平面竖向设计general section总体剖面图layout plan布置图legend图例lighting plan灯光布置图plan drawing平面图plot plan基地图presentation drawing示意图perspective/render效果图pavement plan铺装示意图reference pictures/imaged picture参考图片reference level参考标高图片site overall arrangement场地布局space sequence relation空间序列specification指定、指明、详细说明书scheme design方案设计sketch手绘草图sectorization功能分区section剖面site planning场地设计reference picture of planting植物配置意向图reference picture of street furniture街道家具布置意向图设计描述:a thick green area密集绿化administration/administrative行政administration zone行政区位function analysis功能分析arc/camber弧形askew歪的、斜的aesthetics美学height高度abstract art抽象派artist艺术家、大师art nouveau新艺术主义acre英亩architect建筑师be integrated with与……结合起来bisect切成两份、对开bend弯曲boundary/border边界operfloor架空层budget预算estimate评估beach海滩building code建筑规范园林景观专业英语词汇规划planning草图sketch;rough map平面plan剖面section立面elevation透视perspective示意图diagram容积率coverage城市设计urban design; civic design区域规划regional planning步行轴ped axis总体规划general planning; master planning分区规划district planning近期建设规划immediate plan城市详细规划detailed planning控制性详细规划control detailed planning修建性详细规划site plan居住区规划residential district planning城市化urbanization城市生态urban ecology可持续发展sustainable development历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment开发区development area城市化水平urbanization level城市群agglomeration城镇体系urban system卫星城satellite town城市基础设施urban infrastructure居民点settlement市municipality; city生态基础设施ecological infrastructure牧场pasture市域administrative region of a city 商业区commercial district行政中心administration center商业街commercial street科技园technological region校园规划campus planning城市中心区urban center district居住单元flat历史地段history district民政区域civil district水警区waters guard district居住区规划residential district planning护林区ranger district工业区industrial district林木种子公园tree seed orchard快速公路thruway城市美学urban esthetics游憩空间esplanade系统工程systems engineering城市更新理论urban renewal theory绿地/绿化带greenbelt绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage绿地率ratio of green space工厂绿化landscaping within factory广场绿化landscaping of square居住区绿化landscaping of residential area谷底植栽场improved vegetation & wild life公共建筑绿化landscaping around public building 室内绿化indoor garden城市绿化urban virescence城市绿化系统urban green space system公共绿地public green space专用绿地specified green space防护绿地green buffer建筑空间architecture剧院show place; theater茶楼(馆)caff;tea shop专卖店monopolistic shop博物馆museum电影院cinema;movie house商场emporium; shopping mall体育馆palaestra青少年宫callan house; children’s palace 图书馆library棋牌室relaxation room健身房gymnasium书店book store客厅parlor阳台balcony浴室bathroom橱柜cabinet合院式建筑courtyard building餐厅dining-room; dining hall入口entrance厨房kitchen屋顶roof小孩房kid room儿童游乐室/玩具室dollhouse起居室living room门廊porch更衣室change room休息室pavilion私家花园private garden居民resident共享地带shared zone工人房servants hall比例scale元素element会议中心conference center园林景观view of the garden乔木arbor灌木shrub铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands庭园cartilage; Garth标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign 庭院courtyard瀑布fall步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park草本植物herbage藤本植物liane蔓本植物liana砌石natural cut stone铺地pave亭,阁pavilion榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪turf;grass园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula2.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape garden-ing2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术garden art2.0006 园林美学garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑garden building2.0009 园林工程garden engineering2.0010 园林植物landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物ornamental plant2.0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林garden and park2.0014 园林学史history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 2.0016 园林设计garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理garden management2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology2.0020 绿化greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening2.0041 花园garden2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden2.0043 花园村garden village2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden2.0046 松柏园conifer garden2.0047 球根园bulb garden2.0048 宿根园perennial garden2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园petty street garden2.0053 水景园water garden2.0054 铺地园paved garden2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape 2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园school garden2.0064 室内花园indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind2.0067 公园park, public park2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park2.0069 区公园regional park2.0070 儿童公园children park2.0071 体育公园sports park2.0072 森林公园forest park2.0073 纪念公园memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park。
风景园林景观设计专业英语.doc
园林学landscape architecture,garden architecture 园林garden and park绿化greening,planting城市绿化urban greening,urban planting城市绿地urban green space公园绿地public park公园park儿童公园children park动物园zoo植物园botanical garden墓园cemetery garden盆景园penjng garden,miniature landscape盲人公园park for the blind花园garden历史名园historical garden and park风景名胜公园famous scenic park纪念公园memorial park街旁绿地roadside green space带状公园linear park专类公园theme park岩石园rock garden社区公园community park生产绿地productive plantation area防护绿地green buffer,green area for environmental protection附属绿地attached green space居住绿地green space attached to housing estate,residential green space道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square屋顶花园roof garden立体绿化vertical planting风景林地scenic forest land城市绿地系统urban green space system城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 绿化覆盖面积green coverage绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage绿地率greening rate,ratio of green space绿带green belt楔形绿地green wedge城市绿线boundary line of urban green space园林史landscape history,garden history古典园林classical garden囿hunting park苑imperial park皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden寺庙园林monastery garden园林艺术garden art相地site investigation造景landscaping借景borrowed scencry,view borrowing园林意境poetic imagcry of garden透景线perspective line盆景miniature landscape,penjing插花flower arrangement季相seasonal appearance of plant园林规划garden planning,landscaping planning 园林布局garden layout园林设计garden design公园最大游人量maximum visitors capacity in park 地形设计topographical design园路设计garden path design种植设计planting design孤植specimen planting,isolated planting对植Opposite planting,coupled planting列植linear planting群植group planting,mass planting园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant古树名木historical tree and famous wood species 地被植物ground cover plant攀缘植物climbing plant,climber温室植物greenhouse plant花卉flowering plant行道树avenue tree,street tree草坪lawn绿篱hedge花篱flower hedge花境flower border人工植物群落man-made planting habitat园林建筑garden building园林小品small garden ornaments园廊veranda,gallery,colonnade水榭waterside pavilion舫boat house园亭garden pavilion,pavilion园台platform月洞门moon gate花架pergola,trellis园林楹联couplet written on scroll,couplet on pillar 园林匾额bian'e in garden园林工程garden engineering绿化工程plant engineering大树移植big tree transplanting假植heeling in,temporary planting基础种植foundation planting种植成活率ratio of living tree适地适树planting according to the environment 造型修剪topiary园艺horticulture假山rockwork,artificial hill置石stone arrangement,stone layout掇山piled stone hill,hill making塑山man-made rock work园林理水water system layout in garden驳岸revetment in garden喷泉fountain风景名胜区landscape and famous scenery国家重点风景名胜区national park of China风景名胜区规划landscape and famous scenery planning 风景名胜famous scenery,famous scenic site风景资源scenery resource景物view,feature景点feature spot,view spot景区scenic zone景观landscape,scenery游览线touring route环境容量environmental capacity国家公园national park。
风景园林专业英语
风景园林专业英语Landscape Architecture: The Art of Designing Green SpacesLandscape architecture is a multifaceted profession that involves the planning, design, and management of natural and built environments. It encompasses a wide range of skills,from ecological understanding to urban design, all aimed at creating functional and aesthetically pleasing outdoor spaces.One of the key aspects of landscape architecture is the integration of nature into urban settings. This can be seenin the design of parks, gardens, and greenways that not only provide recreational opportunities for city dwellers but also serve to improve air quality and promote biodiversity.In addition to urban design, landscape architects alsoplay a crucial role in the planning and development of residential areas, commercial spaces, and public institutions. They work closely with architects, engineers, and other professionals to ensure that the outdoor spaces surrounding these structures are both visually appealing and environmentally sustainable.The use of native plants, water conservation techniques, and sustainable materials are all common practices in the field. Landscape architects must also be well-versed in the principles of horticulture, soil science, and environmental psychology to create spaces that are not only beautiful butalso healthy and functional.Education in landscape architecture typically begins with a bachelor's degree in the field, followed by a period of internship and the passage of a licensing exam. Continuing education is also a critical component, as the field is constantly evolving with new technologies and design philosophies.As the world becomes more urbanized and the need for sustainable living spaces grows, the role of the landscape architect is more important than ever. They are the stewards of the environment, working to create a harmonious balance between human habitation and the natural world.。
园林设计专业英语
The practice and theory of Landscape Architecture 景观规划设计理论【1】Landscape Architecture involves the five major components:They are natural process,human factors,methodology,technology,and values,whatever the scale or emphasis of operation,these five components are consistently relevant.Social and nature factors clearly permeate every facet of a profession that is concerned with people and land. Problem solving,planning,and design methods apply at all scales.Good judgment is consistently required.风景园林设计包含五个主要方面:自然进程、社会进程、方法论、技术、价值观,无论规模尺度或运作的重点各不相同,这五个要素一贯是相关的。
社会因素和自然因素的因子充斥着这个关系到人与土地的领域的方方面面。
解决问题,规划、设计方法都会用到所有的尺度。
正确的判断判断是一贯必须的。
【2】Consider how natural factors data are relevant to both planning and design.At the regional scale,the impact of development or change in use on a landscape must be known and evaluated before a policy to allow such action is set.An inventory of the natural factors,including geology,soils,hydrology,topography,climate,vegetation and wildlife,and the ecological relationships between them is fundamental to and understanding of the ecosystem to which change is contemplated.Equally important is an analysis of visual quality .Land use policy can thus be made on the basis of the known vulnerability of resistance of the landscape.In other circumstances the natural processes which add up to a givenlandscape at a give moment in its evolution may,as at Grand Canyon and other unique places,be considered a resource to be preserved,protected,and managed as a public trust.On a smaller scale,soil and geological conditions may be critical in the determination of the cost and the form of building foundations: where it is most suitable to build and where it is not.Sun,wind,and rain are important factors of design where the development of comfort zones for human activity or the growth of plants is a primary objective.Thus,in many ways natural factors influence land use,site planning,and detailer design.自然因素的考虑与规划和设计都有关系。
风景园林(景观设计)专业英语(第二版) 01 Frederick Law Olmsted
Father of the landscape architecture
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CONTENTS
• 1.Introduction
(Early life & education & Career & Major publications)
• 2.Ideas • 3.Major DeБайду номын сангаасign Works
New York
North Carolina Quebec, Canada
Brooklyn Buffalo New York City Niagara Falls Asheville Montreal
Park Stanford University US Capitol Planned Community Colombian Exposition Planned Community Moraine Farm Fen way Jamaica Arnold Arboretum Muddy River Franklin Park Prospect Park Park System Central Park State Reservation The Biltmore Estate Mount Royal Park
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State California District Of Columbia Georgia Illinois
Massachusetts
City Palo Alto Washington Atlanta Chicago Riverside Beverly Boston
园林景观设计专业常用英语词汇
园林景观设计专业常用英语词汇2012-11-8 15:30 |系统分类: 工程日志|专业分类: 园林景观|热度:1002 园林学02.1 总论2.0001 园林学 landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 2.0002 造园学 garden making, landscape garden-ing2.0003 环境园艺学 environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学 ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术 garden art2.0006 园林美学 garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学 garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑 garden building2.0009 园林工程 garden engineering2.0010 园林植物 landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物 ornamental plant2.0012 盆景 miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林garden and park2.0014 园林学史 history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning2.0016 园林设计 garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理 garden management2.0019 园林生态 landscape ecology2.0020 绿化 greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化 environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积 green area2.0023 绿地率 ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing 2.0026 街道绿化 street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化 mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化 suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化 highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化 railway greening, railway planting 2.0034 堤岸种植 bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化 balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化 window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化 roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化 vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化 climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化 bridgehead greening2.0041 花园 garden2.0042 专类花园 specified flower garden2.0043 花园村 garden village2.0044 园林城市 landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园 rose garden2.0046 松柏园 conifer garden2.0047 球根园 bulb garden2.0048 宿根园 perennial garden2.0049 假山园 rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园 street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园 petty street garden2.0053 水景园 water garden2.0054 铺地园 paved garden2.0055 野趣园 wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园 rustic garden2.0058 盆景园 penjing garden, miniature land-scape 2.0059 动物园 zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园 cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园 bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园 school garden2.0064 室内花园 indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园 fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园 garden for the blind2.0067 公园 park, public park2.0068 城市公园 city park, urban park2.0069 区公园 regional park2.0070 儿童公园 children park2.0071 体育公园 sports park2.0072 森林公园 forest park2.0073 纪念公园 memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园 comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园 cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park2.0078 中央公园 central park2.0079 天然公园 natural park2.0080 海滨公园 seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园 historic site park2.0082 河滨公园 riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园 lakeside park2.0084 路边公园 roadside park, street park2.0085 娱乐公园 amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园 sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园 recreation park2.0088 疗养公园 sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园 national park2.0090 邻里公园 neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园 special park2.0092 植物园 botanical garden2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 2.0097 绿地green space2.0098 公共绿地 public green space2.0099 单位绿地 unit green area2.0100 城市绿地 urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地 residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地 green area for environmental protection 2.0104 郊区绿地 suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地 residential block green belt2.0106 附属绿地 attached green space2.0107 生产绿地 productive plantation area2.0108 苗圃 nursery2.0109 风景 landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观 natural landscape2.0111 人文景观 human landscape, scenery of humanities 2.0112 草原景观 prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观 mountain landscape, alpine landscape 2.0114 地理景观 geographical landscape2.0115 湖泊景观 lake view2.0116 郊区景观 suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观 geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观 karst landscape2.0119 植物景观 plants landscape, flora landscape02.2 园林史02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden 2.0124 帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden2.0125 皇家园林 royal garden2.0126 私家园林 private garden2.0127 江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林 western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林 English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林 Italian style garden2.0132 西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden2.0133 法兰西式园林 French style garden2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden2.0137 巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园 manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园 peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊 xystus2.0141 迷阵 maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫 E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官 Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden2.0155 悬园 Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park2.0158 枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景 view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景 distant view2.0161 近景 nearby view2.0162 障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景 borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景 opposite scenery, view in opposite place 2.0165 缩景 miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 2.0166 漏景 leaking through scenery2.0167 框景 enframed scenery2.0168 尾景 terminal feature2.0169 主景 main feature2.0170 副景 secondary feature2.0171 配景 objective view2.0172 夹景 vista line, vista2.0173 前景 front view2.0174 背景 background2.0175 景序 order of sceneries2.0176 景点 feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观 upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观 downward landscape2.0179 季相景观 seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观 meteorological diversity scenery2.0181 视野 visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间 garden space2.0184 开敞空间 wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间 enclosure space2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery 2.0187 苍古 antiquity2.0188 空灵 spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观 in-motion viewing2.0190 静观in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉 visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡 symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance2.0195 左右对称 bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称 radial symmetry2.0197 透景线 perspective line2.0198 轴线 axis, axial line2.0199 主轴main axis2.0200 副轴 auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴 hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线 skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术 art of garden colors2.0204 单色谐调 monochromatic harmony2.0205 复色谐调 compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出 contrast colors accent2.0207 近似色谐调 approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色 warm color2.0209 冷色 cool color2.0210 色感 color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划 urban green space system planning 2.0212 绿地系统 green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额 public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标 public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局 green space layout2.0216 吸引圈 attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离 attractive distance2.0218 有效半径 effective radius2.0219 绿地资源 green space resource2.0220 绿地效果 green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序 planning procedure of the green space 2.0222 空间规划 space planning2.0223 形象规划 image plan2.0224 实施规划 implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间 necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间 leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度 usage frequency2.0228 树种规划 planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型 type of green space2.0230 环状绿型 annular green space2.0231 块状绿地 green plot2.0232 点状绿地 green spot2.0233 放射状绿地 radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地 wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地 buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地 noiseproof green space2.0237 科学景观论 scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地 reserve garden2.0239 公园规划 park planning2.0240 园林总体规划 garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划 site planning2.0242 园林分区 garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区 tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区 children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场 children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区 sports activities area2.0247 野餐区 picnic place2.0248 散步区 pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area2.0252 草坪区 lawn space2.0253 绿荫区 shade tree section2.0254 历史古迹区 historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区 youngsters activities area2.0256 诱鸟区 bird sanctuary area2.0257 钓鱼区 fishing center2.0258 野营区 camp site2.0259 游人中心 visitors center2.0260 服务中心 service center2.0261 探险游乐场 adventure ground2.0262 文化活动区 cultural activities area2.0263 道路系统 approach system, road system2.0264 环形道路系统 circular road system2.0265 方格形道路系统 latticed road system2.0266 放射形道路系统 radiate road system2.0267 自然式道路系统 informal road system2.0268 规整式道路系统 formal road system2.0269 混合式道路系统 mixed style road system2.0270 园林规划图 garden planning map2.0271 园林规划说明书 garden planning direction2.0272 城市公园系统 urban park system2.0273 公园分布 distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型 park type, park category2.0275 公园间距 distance between parks2.0276 公园形式 park styles2.0277 游览区 excursion area, open-to-public area2.0278 非游览区 no-admittance area2.0279 办公区 administrative area2.0280 服务区 service center2.0281 动休息区 dynamic rest space2.0282 静休息区 static rest space2.0283 娱乐演出区 entertaining performance place 2.0284 主要入口 main entrance2.0285 次要入口 secondary entrance2.0286 人流量 visitors flowrate2.0287 车流量 vehicle flowrate2.0288 公园道路 park road2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio2.0290 游人容纳量 visitors capacity2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation 2.0292 风景学 scenicology2.0293 风景规划 landscape plan2.0294 风景设计 landscape design2.0295 游览路线 touring route2.0296 旅游资源 tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理 tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质 tourism geology2.0299 历史名城 famous historical city2.0300 文化名城 famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址 ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆 natural open museum2.0303 风景地貌 natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区 scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜 famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区 alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区 seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区 forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区 valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区 river landscape district2.0315 湖泊风景区 lake round scenic spot2.0316 温泉风景区 hot spring scenic spot2.0317 瀑布风景区 waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区 region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 2.0319 封山育林区 region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区 crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区 nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区 protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物 natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区 biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师 landscape architect, garden designer 2.0326 园址测量图 garden site survey map2.0327 地形图 topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计 planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design2.0331 造价分析 cost analysis2.0332 园林形式 garden style2.0333 规整式园林 formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林 informal garden style2.0335 几何式园林 geometric garden style2.0336 自然式园林 natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林 mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林 modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林 R.B. Marx abstract garden2.0340 园林区划 garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划 garden block planning2.0342 庭院花园 courtyard garden2.0343 前庭 front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭 back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭 patio2.0346 厨园 kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园 sunken garden2.0348 窗园 window garden2.0349 墙园 wall garden2.0350 宅园 home garden2.0351 台地园 terrace garden2.0352 冬园 winter garden2.0353 切花园 cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园 roof garden2.0355 后花园 back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造 topographical reform of garden2.0357 土山 earth piled hill, artificial mound 2.0358 假山 rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石 Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 2.0360 黄石 yellowish brown stone2.0361 人造假山石 artificial stone, man-made stone2.0362 孤赏石 monolith, standing stone2.0363 掇山 piled stone hill, hill making2.0364 叠石 stones laying2.0365 板石 flag stone2.0366 散点石 scattered stone2.0367 抱角石 corner stone2.0368 屋基石 foundation stone2.0369 排衙石 guard stone2.0370 屏石 screen stone2.0371 石岸 rock bank2.0372 石阶 stone steps2.0373 汀步 stepping stone on water surface2.0374 附壁石 stone appended to wall2.0375 石花台 stone flower bed2.0376 石凳 stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙 rock retaining wall2.0378 干砌石 dry stone wall2.0379 假山石楼梯 rock stairway2.0380 石亭 stone pavilion2.0381 石洞 stone cavern2.0382 石窟 grotto2.0383 置石 stone arrangement, stone layout 2.0384 拱石 arch stone2.0385 拱顶石 key stone2.0386 园林水景 water scenes of garden2.0387 水体 water body2.0388 水面 water surface2.0389 水池 pool2.0390 水塘 pond2.0391 喷泉 fountain2.0392 喷水池 fountain pool2.0393 涉水池 wading pool2.0394 倒影池 mirror pool, reflecting pool2.0395 睡莲池 water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置 piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘 fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘 high water table pond2.0399 池边坐人矮墙 seat wall surrounded pool2.0400 隐头喷泉 secret fountain2.0401 岛园 Island garden2.0402 半岛园 peninsula garden2.0403 小岛 isle2.0404 瀑布 waterfall2.0405 小瀑布 cascade2.0406 湖 lake2.0407 矶 rock projecting over water2.0408 水帘洞 water curtain cave2.0409 园桥 garden bridge2.0410 拱桥 arch bridge2.0411 石板桥 stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥 plank bridge2.0413 圆木桥 log bridge2.0414 亭桥 pavilion bridge2.0415 曲桥 zigzag bridge2.0416 壁泉 wall fountain2.0417 饮水喷头 drinking fountain2.0418 植物配植 plant arrangement2.0419 树木配植 arrangement of trees and shrubs2.0420 群植 group planting, mass planting2.0421 孤植 specimen planting, isolated planting 2.0422 丛植 clump planting2.0423 组植 group planting2.0424 林植 forest planting2.0425 列植 linear planting2.0426 对植 opposite planting, coupled planting 2.0427 环植 circular planting2.0428 带植 belt planting2.0429 散植 scattered planting, loose planting 2.0430 边缘种植 edge planting2.0431 边界种植 boundary planting2.0432 整形种植 architectural planting2.0433 基础种植 foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植 corner planting2.0435 景框种植 planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植 guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植 fence planting2.0438 障景种植 screen planting2.0439 背景种植 background planting2.0440 林下种植 underwood planting2.0441 路边种植 roadside planting2.0442 绿篱 hedge2.0443 树墙 espalier2.0444 庭荫树 shade tree2.0445 园景树 specimen tree2.0446 风景林 amenity forest, ornamental forest 2.0447 行道树 avenue tree, street tree2.0448 纪念林 memorial forest2.0449 整型树 topiary tree2.0450 花篱 flower hedge'2.0451 刺篱 thorny plants hedge2.0452 常绿绿篱 evergreen hedge2.0453 落叶绿篱 deciduous hedge2.0454 高篱 high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱 hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱 pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱 labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱 clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱 natural flowering hedge2.0460 边篱 boundary fence2.0461 园篱 garden fence, garden hedge2.0462 纯林 pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland2.0465 杂木林 spinney2.0466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy2.0467 草坪lawn2.0468 整形草坪formal lawn2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn2.0470 牧场草坪meadowy land2.0471 花坛flower bed2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛 ribbon flower bed2.0474 时钟花坛flower clock2.0475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed 2.0476 高设花台raised flower bed2.0477 毛毡花坛carpet bed2.0478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed2.0479 铺石花坛paved bed2.0480 灌木花坛 shrub bed2.0481 图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed2.0483 花结花坛knot bed2.0484 整形花坛formal flower bed2.0485 花境flower border2.0486 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed2.0489 瓶饰 garden vase2.0490 灌木花境 shrub border2.0491 混合花境 mixed border2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design 2.0493 漫步路 trail, footway2.0494 小径 alley, path2.0495 川草坪岛 lawn island2.0496 安全岛 traffic island, refuge island2.0497 转弯曲度 turning curvature2.0498 转弯半径 turning radius2.0499 踏面 landing pitch2.0500 步石 stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步 wading step2.0502 错铺路 crazy paving path2.0503 随意组合方石板路 flag stone path paved at random 2.0504 花纹路 pattern path2.0505 林荫路 mall2.0506 林荫大道 boulevard2.0507 花园路 parkway2.0508 林间小道 path in woodland2.0509 种植池 planting bed2.0510 树池保护格栅 tree grate2.0511 树干保护套栏 tree guard2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙 seatwall-surrounded planting 2.0513 路面线纹 score line2.0514 传统园林建筑 traditional garden building 2.0515 凉亭summer shelter2.0516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor2.0517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion2.0518 茅亭thatched pavilion 2.0519 竹亭bamboo pavilion2.0520茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk2.0521回廊cloister2.0522 水廊corridor on water 2.0523 曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery2.0525 楼廊two-storied gallery2.0526 画舫painted pleasure boat 2.0527 石舫stone boat2.0528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat2.0529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab2.0530 月洞门moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆 handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆 seat rail2.0533 石碑 stone tablet, stele2.0534 园林露天剧场 open garden theater2.0535 园林露天舞池 open garden dancing place 2.0536 露天音乐台 outdoor music stand2.0537 眺望台 prospect deck2.0538 繁殖温室 plant propagation greenhouse 2.0539 展览温室 public conservatory2.0540 月池new-moon pool2.0541 园林小品 small garden ornaments2.0542 磁砖壁画 painted tile mural tablet2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat2.0544 园凳garden bench2.0545 园桌garden table2.0546 园灯garden lamp2.0547 日规sundial2.0548 鸟浴bird bath2.0549 鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box2.0550 鸟笼bird cage, bird coop2.0551 悬篮hanging basket2.0552 野鸟喂食器 bird feeder2.0553 额匾horizontal inscribed board2.0554 楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar2.0555 引露天烤炉 open barbecue2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola2.0557 花架pergola2.0558 花格架trellis, treillage2.0559 点景牌楼 naming pailou, decorated archway2.0560 园林施工 garden layout, garden construction2.0561 种植工程 planting engineering2.0562 大树移植 big tree transplanting2.0563 裸根移植 bare root transplanting2.0564 土球移植 ball transplanting2.0565 沟植trench planting2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting2.0567 播种草坪 seeding lawn2.0568 铺草皮块草坪 sodding lawn2.0569 假山工程 rockery engineering2.0570 掇山五法 five methods" of rock piling2.0571 等分平衡法 method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced2.0572 前轻后重法 method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part2.0573 上轻下重法 method of lowering the center ofgravity of rocks 2.0574 纹理统一法 method of unifying the rock veins2.0575 石料统一法 method of unifying the rock mate-rials2.0576 观赏树木 ornamental tree and shrub2.0577 观叶植物 foliage plant2.0578 观果植物 fruit-effect plant2.0579 观枝干植物 plants with ornamental trunks and branches 2.0580 指示植物 indicating plant2.0581 主景植物 accent plant2.0582 耐湿植物 damp tolerant plant2.0583 抗风植物 wind-resistant plant2.0584 耐盐碱植物 saline-alkali tolerant plant2.0585 市花city flower2.0586 市树city tree2.0587 国花national flower2.0588 国树national tree2.0589 芳香植物 fragrant plant2.0590 抗污染植物 pollution resistant plant2.0591 环保植物 environment protecting plant 2.0592 高山植物 alpine plant2.0593 岩生植物 rock plant2.0594 攀缘植物 climbing plant, climber2.0595 地被植物 ground cover plant2.0596 阴生植物 shade plant2.0597 装饰植物 decorative plant2.0598 装缘植物 edging plant2.0599 绿蓠植物 hedge plant2.0600 草坪植物 lawn plant, lawn grass2.0601 花坛植物 bedding plant2.0602 球根植物 bulbous plant2.0603 宿根植物 perennial plant, perennial 2.0604 水生植物 aquatic plant, hydrophyte 2.0605 旱生植物 xerophyte2.0606 沼泽植物 bog plant, swamp plant2.0607 室内装饰植物 indoor decorative plant, house plant 2.0608 切花 cut flower2.0609 垂枝植物 pendulous plant, weeping plant2.0610 缠绕植物 twiner, twinning plant2.0611 针叶植物 needle-leaved plant2.0612 阔叶植物 broad-leaved plant2.0613 斑叶植物 variegate-leaved plant2.0614 松柏植物 conifer2.0615 常绿植物 evergreen plant2.0616 半常绿植物 semi-evergreen plant2.0617 不耐寒植物 tender plant2.0618 半耐寒植物 half-hardy plant2.0619 耐寒植物 hardy plant2.0620 耐旱植物 drought enduring plant2.0621 山石材料 stone material2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone2.0623 钟乳石stalactite2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone2.0625 英德石Yingde stone2.0626青石Qing stone2.0627 宣石Xuan stone2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone2.0629 观赏动物 ornamental animal2.0630 观赏鸟类 ornamental bird2.0631 观赏兽类 ornamental beast2.0632 观赏昆虫类 ornamental insect02.8 园林机具设备2.0633 园林机械 garden machine2.0634 园林工具 garden instrument, garden implement 2.0635 园林设备 garden equipment2.0636 花坛分界隔板 plastic bed divider2.0637 种植容器 planting container2.0638 圆木桩log peg2.0639 喷射装置 jet bubbler2.0640 滴灌 trickle irrigator, drip irrigator 2.0641 环动喷灌器 circle sprinkler2.0642 圆筒喷灌器 rotor sprinkler2.0643 自控器 automatic controller2.0644 管端喷灌器 hose end sprinkler2.0645 固定喷灌器 stationary sprinkler2.0646 喷雾喷灌器 mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler2.0647 喷灌覆盖面 sprinkler coverage2.0648 草坪加肥器 lawn feeder2.0649 施肥喷灌器 combined feeder and sprinkler2.0650 液肥混合调配器 liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner 2.0651 滴水喷头 emitter, dripper2.0652 水土保持塑料网 erosion control plastic net2.0653苗木包装材料 nursery stock package material2.0654 麻布袋burlap bag2.0655 铁丝篮wire basket2.0656 篮状种植器 basket container2.0657 塑料苗木桶 plastic nurserican2.0658 播种盘seed tray2.0659 网孔盆mesh pot2.0660 含肥泥炭盆 fertile peat pot2.0661 盆栽机potting machine2.0662 换盆机repotting machine2.0663 再生纸种植器 reclaimed paper container2.0664 纤维育苗器 wood fiber plant grower2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼 peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter 2.0666 松土除草机 cultivator2.0667 旋转锄 rotary hoe2.0668 切叶机 foliage cutter2.0669 翻地犁 uncovering plough2.0670 盖土机 mounted spreader2.0671 前悬装土机 front mounted loader2.0672 后缀装土机 rear mounted loader2.0673 旋轴剪草机 spindle mower2.0674 栽植机 planting machine2.0675 植物覆盖 plant mulching2.0676 覆盖物分散机 mulch spreader2.0677 种子液肥喷洒机 hydro seeder2.0678 修枝剪 pruning shear2.0679 播种器 garden seeder2.0680 球根种植器 bulb planter2.0681 土壤酸度探测器 pH-value computer2.0682 巴效分析器 fertilizer analyzer2.0683 嫁接刀grafting knife2.0684 温室设备 greenhouse equipment2.0685 盆栽灌水系统 pot watering system2.0686 温室气候控制器 greenhouse climate controller 2.0687 温室覆盖 greenhouse covering2.0688 喷雾自控系统 automatic mist control system2.0689 二氧化碳发生器 C02 generator2.0690 温度报警钟 temperature alarm2.0691 游览车park sightseeing bus2.0692 引剪草机 lawn mower2.0693 动力剪草机 power lawnmower2.0694 畜力剪草机 horse lawnmower2.0695 手推剪草机 hand lawnmower2.0696 游人调查visitors investigation2.0697 游人统计visitors statistics2.0698 游人分析garden visitors analysis2.0699 游人管理visitors management2.0700 导游图tourist map2.0701 导游解说tour description and direction2.0702 劳动管理labour management2.0703 物资管理material handling, goods handling2.0704 设备管理 equipment management, facility management 2.0705 财务管理 financial management2.0706 安全管理 safety management2.0707 环境监测 environmental monitor2.0708 植物养护管理 plant maintenance and management2.0709 园林技术管理 garden technical management2.0710 质量管理 quality management2.0711 园貌维修 garden feature maintenance2.0712 植物整形修剪 plant trimming and pruning2.0713 植物病虫防治 disease and insect control2.0714 园林管理规划 management plan2.0715 游人意见处理 treatment of visitors opinions2.0716 游人规则 visitors regulation2.0717 园内交通管理 traffic control in park2.0718 园外交通管理 traffic control out of park entrance2.0719 汽车停车规则 parking rules2.0720 自行车停放规则 bicycle parking rules2.0721 开放时间 opening time2.0722 日常清洁卫生管理 daily sanitation and hygiene management2.0723 人类生态环境 human ecological environment 2.0724 自然系统 natural system2.0725 自然资源 natural resource2.0726 自然保护 conservation of nature2.0727 自然保存 natural preservation2.0728 环境保护 environmental protection2.0729 环境容量 environment capacity2.0730 环境适宜性 environment fitness2.0731 环境空气质量标准 ambient air quality2.0732 共生symbiosis2.0733 互惠共生 mutualism2.0734 公害public nuisance2.0735 生态绝灭 ecological extinction2.0736 生态系统 ecosystem2.0737 生态圈ecosphere2.0738 生态灾难 ecological disaster2.0739 环境质量 environmental quality2.0740 环境压力 environment stress2.0741 生命维持系统 life-support system2.0742 反馈系统 feedback system2.0743 自养生物 autotroph2.0744 异养生物 heterotroph2.0745 食物链foodchain2.0746 生物圈biosphere2.0747 濒危植物 endangered plant, threatened plant2.0748 主体群落 major community2.0749 人工群落 artificial community2.0750 绿色革命 green revolution2.0751 户外娱乐资源 outdoor recreation resource2.0752 原始环境系统 wilderness environment system2.0753 近代环境系统 modern environment system2.0754 乡村生活模式 country life-pattern2.0755 烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution 2.0756 雾害fog pollution2.0757 霜害frost injury2.0758 水污染water pollution2.0759 土壤污染 soil pollution, soil contamination 2.0760 园林小气候 garden microclimate2.0761 环境保护植物 environmental conservation plant 2.0762 引气候调节 climatic regulation2.0763 自动调节机能 homeostasis2.0764 生态平衡 ecological homeostasis2.0765 森林生态系统 forest ecosystem2.0766 草原生态系统 prairie ecosystem2.0767 滞尘植物 dust holding plantCover封面Content目录Design Explanation设计说明Master Plan总平面Space Sequence Analysis景观空间分析Function Analysis功能分析Landscape Theme Analysis景观景点主题分析图Traffic Analysis交通分析Vertical Plan竖向平面布置图Lighting Furniture Layout灯光平面布置示意图Marker/Background Music/Garbage Bin标识牌/背景音乐/垃圾桶布置图Plan平面图Hand Drawing手绘效果图Section剖面图Detail详图Central Axis中心公共主轴Reference Picture参考图片Planting Reference Picture植物选样材料类:aluminum铝asphalt沥青alpine rock轻质岗石boasted ashlars粗凿ceramic陶瓷、陶瓷制品cobble小圆石、小鹅卵石clay粘土crushed gravel碎砾石crushed stone concrete碎石混凝土crushed stone碎石cement石灰enamel陶瓷、瓷釉frosted glass磨砂玻璃grit stone/sand stone砂岩glazed colored glass/colored glazed glass彩釉玻璃granite花岗石、花岗岩gravel卵石galleting碎石片ground pavement material墙面地砖材料light-gauge steel section/hollow steel section薄壁型钢light slates轻质板岩lime earth灰土masonry砝石结构membrane张拉膜、膜结构membrane waterproofing薄膜防水mosaic马赛克quarry stone masonry/quarrystone bond粗石体plaster灰浆polished plate glass/polished plate磨光平板玻璃panel面板、嵌板rusticated ashlars粗琢方石rough rubble粗毛石reinforcement钢筋设计阶段:existing condition analysis现状分析analyses of existings城市现状分析construction site service施工现场服务conceptual design概念设计circulation analysis交通体系分析construction drawing施工图complete level完成面标高details细部设计、细部大样示意图diagram示意图、表elevation上升、高地、海拔、正面图development design扩初设计façade/elevation正面、立面general development analysis城市总体发展分析general situation survey概况general layout plan/master plan总平面general nature environment总体自然分析grid and landmark analysis城市网格系统及地标性建筑物分析general urban and landscape concept总体城市及景观设计概念general level design总平面竖向设计general section总体剖面图layout plan布置图legend图例lighting plan灯光布置图plan drawing平面图plot plan基地图presentation drawing示意图perspective/render效果图pavement plan铺装示意图reference pictures/imaged picture参考图片。
园林建筑设计 英语
园林建筑设计英语Landscape architecture design is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses the planning, design, and management of outdoor spaces. It involves the integration of natural and built elements to create functional and aesthetically pleasing environments. Landscape architects work on a variety of projects, including parks, gardens, campuses, and urban plazas, as well as residential, commercial, and industrial developments.The process of landscape architecture design typically begins with a thorough analysis of the site, including its topography, climate, vegetation, and existing infrastructure. This analysis helps to identify opportunities and constraints that will inform the design process. Designers then develop conceptual plans that outline the spatial organization, circulation patterns, and proposed use of materials and vegetation. These plans are refined through collaboration with clients, stakeholders, and other design professionals.In addition to creating visually compelling spaces, landscape architecture design also addresses environmental sustainability, resilience, and social equity. Designers often incorporate green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and bioswales, to manage stormwater and improve water quality. They may also integrate native plantings to support biodiversity and reduce maintenance requirements. Furthermore, the design of outdoor spaces can have a significant impact on public health and well-being, so landscape architects strive to create inclusive, accessible environments that promote physical activity and social interaction.The practice of landscape architecture design is informed by principles of ecology, horticulture, urban planning, and art. It requires a deep understanding of plant materials, construction techniques, and regulatory requirements. Landscape architects must also possess strong communication and problem-solving skills to collaborate with clients, contractors, and community members.In conclusion, landscape architecture design is a dynamic and rewarding profession that shapes the outdoor environments in which we live, work, and play. It combines creativity, technical expertise, and a commitment to sustainability to create spaces that enrich our lives and enhance the natural world.。
园林专业英语
园林学landscape architecture,garden architecture 园林garden and park绿化greening,planting城市绿化urban greening,urban planting城市绿地urban green space公园绿地public park公园park儿童公园children park动物园zoo植物园botanical garden墓园cemetery garden盆景园penjng garden,miniature landscape盲人公园park for the blind花园garden历史名园historical garden and park风景名胜公园famous scenic park纪念公园memorial park街旁绿地roadside green space带状公园linear park专类公园theme park岩石园rock garden社区公园community park生产绿地productive plantation area防护绿地green buffer,green area for environmental protection附属绿地attached green space居住绿地green space attached to housing estate,residential green space 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square屋顶花园roof garden立体绿化vertical planting风景林地scenic forest land城市绿地系统urban green space system城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning绿化覆盖面积green coverage绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage绿地率greening rate,ratio of green space绿带green belt楔形绿地green wedge城市绿线boundary line of urban green space园林史landscape history,garden history古典园林classical garden囿hunting park苑imperial park皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden寺庙园林monastery garden园林艺术garden art相地site investigation造景landscaping借景borrowed scencry,view borrowing园林意境poetic imagcry of garden透景线perspective line盆景miniature landscape,penjing插花flower arrangement季相seasonal appearance of plant园林规划garden planning,landscaping planning 园林布局garden layout园林设计garden design公园最大游人量maximum visitors capacity in park 地形设计topographical design园路设计garden path design种植设计planting design孤植specimen planting,isolated planting对植Opposite planting,coupled planting列植linear planting群植group planting,mass planting园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant古树名木historical tree and famous wood species 地被植物ground cover plant攀缘植物climbing plant,climber温室植物greenhouse plant花卉flowering plant行道树avenue tree,street tree草坪lawn绿篱hedge花篱flower hedge花境flower border人工植物群落man-made planting habitat园林建筑garden building园林小品small garden ornaments园廊veranda,gallery,colonnade水榭waterside pavilion舫boat house园亭garden pavilion,pavilion园台platform月洞门moon gate花架pergola,trellis园林楹联couplet written on scroll,couplet on pillar 园林匾额bian'e in garden园林工程garden engineering绿化工程plant engineering大树移植big tree transplanting假植heeling in,temporary planting基础种植foundation planting种植成活率ratio of living tree适地适树planting according to the environment造型修剪topiary园艺horticulture假山rockwork,artificial hill置石stone arrangement,stone layout掇山piled stone hill,hill making塑山man-made rock work园林理水water system layout in garden驳岸revetment in garden喷泉fountain风景名胜区landscape and famous scenery国家重点风景名胜区national park of China风景名胜区规划landscape and famous scenery planning 风景名胜famous scenery,famous scenic site风景资源scenery resource景物view,feature景点feature spot,view spot景区scenic zone景观landscape,scenery游览线touring route环境容量environmental capacity 国家公园national park。
《园林专业英语》课程大纲
《园林专业英语》课程大纲一、课程概述课程名称(中文):园林专业英语(英文):Professional English for Landscape Architecture 课程编号:14351068课程学分:3学分课程总学时:48学时课程性质:专业课二、课程内容简介专业英语是园林专业学生在进行专业课学习的同时学习的一门课程。
课程旨在指导学生阅读有关园林专业的英语书刊、文选和论文等,使其掌握一定的专业英语词汇、了解科技英语的写作格式,获取专业所需要的信息,进一步提高阅读专业英语文献的能力。
本课程主要内容为:专业阅读和翻译以及科技写作。
专业阅读完成由基础阶段向应用性阅读的过渡,内容以园林方面的科技专著为主,兼顾植物保护、城市规划、生态学等相关方面的文献选读等。
三、教学目标与要求专业英语基于大学英语和风景园林基本原理学习的基础开设,是一门具有双重目的的课程。
一方面,通过对专业文章的阅读,了解专业英语与大学英语的不同,从专业英语词汇、表达方式等方面掌握专业英语阅读的基本能力;另一方面,通过所选用的专业英语文章,了解国内外风景园林方面的基本理论和最新发展动态,从而掌握阅读英语原文资料的能力,学习相关专业理论知识、拓宽专业视野。
学生通过本课程的学习,能够掌握专业英语书刊的阅读技巧,阅读国外相关的专业文献;了解文献检索的知识和方法,以掌握国内外本专业发展前沿的最新动态;培养用英语进行学术交流和具备一定的科技英语写作的能力。
四、教学内容与学时安排绪论(2学时)1. 教学目的与要求:了解专业英语的特点,掌握一些翻译技巧以及前后缀的使用。
了解园林专业的英语称谓的变化。
2. 教学重点与难点:前后缀的使用及意义Unit 1 What is landscape architectue (4学时)1. 教学目的与要求:学习以美国为主的北美景观设计发展历史,了解现代景观设计实践中不同的研究领域。
展开景观设计师职业的英语讨论。
风景园林专业英语词汇总结
规划planning 草图sketch;rough map平面plan 剖面section 立面elevation透视perspective 示意图diagram 容积率coverage城市设计urban design; civic design 区域规划regional planning步行轴ped axis 总体规划general planning; master planning分区规划district planning 近期建设规划immediate plan城市详细规划detailed planning 控制性详细规划control detailed planning 修建性详细规划site plan 居住区规划residential district planning 城市化urbanization 城市生态urban ecology可持续发展sustainable development历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities旧城改建urban redevelopment 开发区development area城市化水平urbanization level 城市群agglomeration城镇体系urban system 卫星城satellite town城市基础设施urban infrastructure居民点settlement市municipality; city生态基础设施ecological infrastructure牧场pasture 市域administrative region of a city商业区commercial district 行政中心administration center商业街commercial street 科技园technological region校园规划campus planning 城市中心区urban center district居住单元flat 历史地段history district 民政区域civil district水警区waters guard district 居住区规划residential district planning护林区ranger district 工业区industrial district林木种子公园tree seed orchard快速公路thruway城市美学urban esthetics游憩空间esplanade系统工程systems engineering城市更新理论urban renewal theory绿地/绿化带greenbelt 绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage绿地率ratio of green space工厂绿化landscaping within factory广场绿化landscaping of square居住区绿化landscaping of residential area谷底植栽场improved vegetation & wild life公共建筑绿化landscaping around public building室内绿化indoor garden城市绿化urban virescence 城市绿化系统urban green space system公共绿地public green space 专用绿地specified green space防护绿地green buffer建筑空间architecture剧院show place; theater茶楼(馆caff;tea shop专卖店monopolistic shop博物馆museum电影院cinema;movie house商场emporium; shopping mall体育馆palaestra青少年宫callan house; children’s palace图书馆library棋牌室relaxation room健身房gymnasium书店book store客厅parlor阳台balcony浴室bathroom橱柜cabinet合院式建筑courtyard building餐厅dining-room; dining hall入口entrance厨房kitchen屋顶roof小孩房kid room儿童游乐室/玩具室dollhouse起居室living room门廊porch更衣室change room休息室pavilion私家花园private garden居民resident共享地带shared zone工人房servants hall比例scale元素element会议中心conference center园林景观view of the garden乔木arbor灌木shrub铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands庭园cartilage; Garth标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign 庭院courtyard瀑布fall 步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park草本植物herbage藤本植物liane蔓本植物liana砌石natural cut stone铺地pave亭,阁pavilion榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪turf;grass园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula常用的景观英文1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.4.水景WATER FEATURE5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE6.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-17.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN 9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE11.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-212.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE 15.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )16.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE 18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND 20.旱冰道SLIDE21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT 22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN 24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN25.观景台VIEWING DECK26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL27.极可意JACUZZI 28.嬉水池WADING POOL 29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING WALL 31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA 33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA34.桥BRIDGE 35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION 37.停车场PARING AREA38.特色花架TRELLIS 39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL40.(高尔夫)轻击区PUTTING GREEN 41.高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE42.每栋建筑入口ENTRANCE PAVING TO UNIT 43.篮球场BASKETBALL COURT44.网球场TENNIS COURT45.阶梯***/种植槽TERRACING SEATWALL/PLANTER46.广场MAIN PLAZA 47.森林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN WATERFALL48.石景园ROCKERY GARDEN 49.旱溪DRY STREAM 50.凉亭PAVILION51.户外淋浴OUTDOOR SHOWER 52.拉膜结构TENSILE STRUCTURE53.台阶STAIR 54.高尔夫球车停车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR )55.健身站EXERCISE STATION 56.晨跑小路JOGGING FOOTPATH57.车道/人行道DRIVEWAY /SIDEWALK 58.人行漫步道PROMENADE59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) WATER FALL AND DANCING FOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA )60.特色入口ENTRY FEATURE 61.石景广场ROCKERY PLAZA常用造价英语词汇估算/费用估算:estimate/cost estimate;估算类型:types of estimate;详细估算:是偏差幅度最小的估算,defined estimate;设备估算:equipment estimate;分析估算:analysis estimate;报价估算:roposal estimate;控制估算:control estimate;初期控制估算:interim control estimate/initial control estimate批准的控制估算:initial approved cost核定估算:check estimate首次核定估算:first check estimate二次核定估算:production check estimate人工时估算:man hour estimate材料费用/直接材料费用:material cost/direct material cost设备费用/设备购买费用:equipment cost/purchased cost of equipment散装材料费用/散装材料购买费用:bulk material cost/purchased cost of bulk material施工费用:construction cost施工人工费用:labor cost/construction force cost设备安装人工费用:labor cost associated with equipment散装材料施工安装人工费用:labor cost associated with bulk materials人工时估算定额:standard manhours施工人工时估算定额:standard labor manhours标准工时定额:standard hours劳动生产率:labor productivity/productivity factor/productivity ratio修正的人工时估算值:adjusted manhours人工时单价:manhours rate施工监督费用:cost of construction supervision施工间接费用:cost of contruction indirects分包合同费用/现场施工分包合同费用:subcontract cost/field subcontract cost公司本部费用:home office cost公司管理费用:overhead非工资费用:non payroll开车服务费用:cost of start-up services其他费用:other cost利润/预期利润:profit/expected profit服务酬金:service gains风险:risk风险分析:risk analysis风险备忘录:risk memorandum未可预见费:contingency基本未可预见费:average contingency最大风险未可预见费:maximum risk contingency用户变更/合同变更:cilent change/contract change认可的用户变更:approved client change待定的用户变更:pending client change项目变更:project change内部变更:internalchange批准的变更:authoried change强制性变更:mandatory change选择性变更:optional change内部费用转换:internal transfer认可的预计费用:anticipated approved cost 涨价值:escalation项目费用汇总报告:project cost summary report项目实施费用状态报告:project operation cost status report总价合同:lump sum contract 偿付合同:reimbursible contract预算:budget02.1 总论园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture造园学garden making, landscape gardening环境园艺学environmental horticulture 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture 园林艺术garden art 园林美学garden aesthetics园林建筑学garden architecture 园林建筑garden building园林工程garden engineering园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant盆景miniature landscape, penjing园林garden and park 园林学史history of garden architecture园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 园林设计garden design园林机具设备gardening machine 园林管理garden management园林生态landscape ecology 绿化greening, planting环境绿化environmental greening绿地面积green area绿地率ratio of green space城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing街道绿化street greening, street planting车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening群众绿化mass planting movement郊区绿化suburban greening公路绿化highway greening铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting堤岸种植bank planting阳台绿化balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening 屋顶绿化roof greening垂直绿化vertical greening攀缘绿化climber greening桥头绿化bridgehead greening花园garden蔷薇园rose garden专类花园specified flower garden 花园村garden village园林城市landscape garden city松柏园conifer garden 球根园bulb garden宿根园perennial garden假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery狩猎场hunting ground街心花园street crossing center garden小游园petty street garden 水景园water garden 铺地园paved garden野趣园wild plants botanical garden 野生植物园wild plants garden乡趣园rustic garden 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape动物园zoo, zoological garden墓园cemetery garden沼泽园bog and marsh garden水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园school garden室内花园indoor garden芳香花园fragrant garden盲人花园garden for the blind公园park, public park城市公园city park, urban park 区公园regional park儿童公园children park体育公园sports park 森林公园forest park纪念公园memorial park烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园cultural park文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park中央公园central park天然公园natural park海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park古迹公园historic site park河滨公园riverside park湖滨公园lakeside park路边公园roadside park, street park娱乐公园amusement park雕塑公园sculpture park休憩公园recreation park疗养公园sanatorium park国家公园national park邻里公园neighborhood park特种公园special park植物园botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 绿地green space公共绿地public green space单位绿地unit green area城市绿地urban green space街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地residential quarter green area防护绿地green area for environmental protection郊区绿地suburban green space 街坊绿地residential block green belt附属绿地attached green space 生产绿地productive plantation area苗圃nursery风景landscape, scenery自然景观natural landscape人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities草原景观prairie landscape山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape地质景观geological landscape喀斯特景观karst landscape植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史西方古典园林western classical garden意大利式园林Italian style garden英国式园林English style garden 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden 法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus迷阵maze, labyrinth典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden景view, scenery, feature远景distant view 近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景leaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature 主景main feature 副景secondary feature 配景objective view前景front view背景background 景序order of sceneries景点feature spot, view spot仰视景观upward landscape俯视景观downward landscape 季相景观seasonal phenomena气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 视野visual field秋色fall color, autumn color园林空间garden space开敞空间wide open space, wide space封闭空间enclosure space意境artistic conception, poetic imagery 苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness, airiness 动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing视错觉visual illusion园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line 主轴main axis 2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis树冠线skyline园林色彩艺术art of garden colors单色谐调monochromatic harmony复色谐调compound chromatic harmony对比色突出contrast colors accent 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony 暖色warm color 冷色cool color 色感color sense城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning绿地系统green space system公共绿地定额public green space quota公共绿地指标public green space norm 绿地布局green space layout吸引圈attractive circle 吸引距离attractive distance有效半径effective radius 绿地资源green space resource绿地效果green space effect绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space空间规划space planning 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noise proof green space2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划site planning2.0242 园林分区garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区sports activities area2.0247 野餐区picnic place2.0248 散步区pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area2.0252 草坪区lawn space绿荫区shade tree section 历史古迹区historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area诱鸟区bird sanctuary area钓鱼区fishing center 野营区camp site游人中心visitors center 服务中心service center探险游乐场adventure ground 文化活动区cultural activities area道路系统approach system, road system环形道路系统circular road system 方格形道路系统latticed road system放射形道路系统radiate road system自然式道路系统informal road system 2.0268 规整式道路系统formal road system混合式道路系统mixed style road system 园林规划图garden planning map 园林规划说明书garden planning direction城市公园系统urban park system 公园分布distribution of parks 公园类型park type, park category公园间距distance between parks 公园形式park styles游览区excursion area, open-to-public area 非游览区no-admittance area办公区administrative area服务区service center2.0281 动休息区dynamic rest space 静休息区static rest space娱乐演出区entertaining performance place 主要入口main entrance次要入口secondary entrance 人流量visitors flowrate车流量vehicle flowrate 公园道路park road 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量visitors capacity风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation风景学scenicology风景规划landscape plan风景设计landscape design游览路线touring route 旅游资源tourism resource2旅游地理tourism geography旅游地质tourism geology2 历史名城famous historical city文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic天然博物馆natural open museum风景地貌natural geomorphology造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot森林风景区forest scenic spot 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot 2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot 江河风景区river landscape district湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design造价分析cost analysis园林形式garden style 规整式园林formal garden style非规整园林informal garden style几何式园林geometric garden style自然式园林natural garden style 混合式园林mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden园林区划garden area division 园林分区规划garden block planning庭院花园courtyard garden前庭front yard, forecourt后庭back yard, rear yard 中庭patio 厨园kitchen yard沉[床]园sunken garden 窗园window garden 墙园wall garden宅园home garden 台地园terrace garden后花园back yard garden冬园winter garden 切花园cut flower garden 屋顶花园roof garden园林地形改造topographical reform of garden土山earth piled hill, artificial mound假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 黄石yellowish brown stone 人造假山石artificial stone,man-made stone孤赏石monolith, standing stone 掇山piled stone hill, hill making叠石stones laying 板石flag stone2.0366 散点石scattered stone抱角石corner stone 屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石阶stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface附壁石stone appended to wall石花台stone flower bed石凳stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall干砌石dry stone wall假山石楼梯rock stairway石亭stone pavilion 石洞stone cavern石窟grotto2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout2.0384 拱石arch stone2.0385 拱顶石key stone2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden2.0387 水体water body2.0388 水面water surface2.0389 水池pool2.0390 水塘pond 喷泉fountain2.0392 喷水池fountain pool2.0393 涉水池wading pool2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain2.0401 岛园island garden半岛园peninsula garden小岛isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade 湖lake 矶rock projecting over water水帘洞water curtain cave园桥garden bridge拱桥arch bridge石板桥stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥plank bridge圆木桥log bridge亭桥pavilion bridge曲桥zigzag bridge 壁泉wall fountain饮水喷头drinking fountain植物配植plant arrangement树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs群植group planting, mass planting孤植specimen planting, isolated planting丛植clump planting2.0423 组植group planting林植forest planting列植linear planting对植opposite planting, coupled planting 环植circular planting带植belt planting 散植scattered planting, loose planting边缘种植edge planting边界种植boundary planting整形种植architectural planting2.0433 基础种植foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植corner planting2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting2.0438 障景种植screen planting2.0439 背景种植background planting.0440 林下种植underwood planting2.0441 路边种植roadside planting2.0442 绿篱hedge2.0443 树墙espalie 庭荫树shade tree园景树specimen tree.风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest行道树avenue tree, street tree 纪念林memorial forest整型树topiary tree花篱flower hedge’刺篱thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱evergreen hedge落叶绿篱deciduous hedge高篱high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge2.0460 边篱boundary fence2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge2.0462 纯林pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney 树冠覆盖面tree canopy 草坪lawn 整形草坪formal lawn 2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn 牧场草坪meadowy land 花坛flower bed 2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed高设花台raised flower bed 毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed2.0483 花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed花境flower border 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed瓶饰garden vase 灌木花境shrub border混合花境mixed border园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design漫步路trail, footway 小径alley, path川草坪岛lawn island 安全岛traffic island, refuge island2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature 转弯半径turning radius踏面landing pitch步石stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步wading step错铺路crazy paving path随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random 花纹路pattern path2.0505 林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway 林间小道path in woodland种植池planting bed树池保护格栅tree grate 树干保护套栏tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting路面线纹score line传统园林建筑traditional garden building凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor, tent arbor 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion茅亭thatched pavilion 竹亭bamboo pavilion茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk 回廊cloister水廊corridor on water曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery楼廊two-storied gallery 画舫painted pleasure boat石舫stone boat不击舟immovable pleasure boat诗条石poem-engraved stone slab 月洞门moon gate扶手栏杆handrail坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑stone tablet, stele园林露天剧场open garden theater园林露天舞池open garden dancing place2.0536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand2.0537 眺望台prospect deck繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse 展览温室public conservatory2.0540 月池new-moon pool2.0541 园林小品small garden ornaments磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat园凳garden bench 园桌garden table 园灯garden lamp日规sundial 鸟浴bird bath.鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box鸟笼bird cage, bird coop 悬篮hanging basket 野鸟喂食器bird feeder额匾horizontal inscribed board楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar2.0555 引露天烤炉open barbecue2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola 花格架trellis, treillage点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway园林施工garden layout, garden construction种植工程planting engineering大树移植big tree transplanting裸根移植bare root transplanting土球移植ball transplanting2.0565 沟植trench planting2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting播种草坪seeding lawn2.0568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn2.0569 假山工程rockery engineering2.0570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling2.0571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced2.0572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 上轻下重法method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks2.0574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins2.0575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials2.0576 观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub2.0577 观叶植物foliage plant2.0578 观果植物fruit-effect plant2.0579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches2.0580 指示植物indicating plant2.0581 主景植物accent plant2.0582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant2.0583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant2.0584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plan 市花city flower2.0586 市树city tree国花national flower2.0588 国树national tree2.0589 芳香植物fragrant plant2.0590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant2.0591 环保植物environment protecting plant2.0592 高山植物alpine plant2.0593 岩生植物rock plant2.0594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber 地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant装饰植物decorative plant2.0598装缘植物edging plant2.0599 绿蓠植物hedge plant 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass2.0601 花坛植物bedding plant 球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant, perennial水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte2.0605 旱生植物xerophyte2.0606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant2.0607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant2.0608 切花cut flower2.0609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant2.0610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant针叶植物needle-leaved plant2.0612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant2.0614 松柏植物conifer2.0615 常绿植物evergreen plant2.0616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant2.0617 不耐寒植物tender plant2.0618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant2.0619 耐寒植物hardy plant2.0620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant2.0621 山石材料stone material2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone2.0623 钟乳石stalactite2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone2.0625 英德石Yingde stone2.0626 青石Qing stone2.0627 宣石Xuan stone2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone2.0629 观赏动物ornamental animal2.0630 观赏鸟类ornamental bird2.0631 观赏兽类ornamental beast2.0632 观赏昆虫类ornamental insect园林机械garden machine园林工具garden instrument, garden implement园林设备garden equipment 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider种植容器planting container 圆木桩log peg 喷射装置jet bubbler滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator环动喷灌器circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler 自控器automatic controller管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage 草坪加肥器lawn feeder施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner滴水喷头emitter, dripper 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net苗木包装材料nursery stock package material麻布袋burlap bag 铁丝篮wire basket篮状种植器basket container 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican播种盘seed tray网孔盆mesh pot含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot盆栽机potting machine换盆机repotting machine 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container2.0664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter2.0666 松土除草机cultivator 旋转锄rotary hoe2.0668 切叶机foliage cutter 翻地犁uncovering plough2.0670 盖土机mounted spreader 前悬装土机front mounted loader2.0672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader 旋轴剪草机spindle mower2.0674 栽植机planting machine 植物覆盖plant mulching2.0676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder2.0678 修枝剪pruning shear播种器garden seeder2.0680 球根种植器bulb planter 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer2.0682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer 嫁接刀grafting knife2.0684 温室设备greenhouse equipment 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller温室覆盖greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system二氧化碳发生器C02 generator温度报警钟temperature alarm游览车park sightseeing bus引剪草机lawn mower动力剪草机power lawnmower畜力剪草机horse lawnmower手推剪草机hand lawnmower游人调查visitors investigation 游人统计visitors statistics游人分析garden visitors analysis 游人管理visitors management导游图tourist map 导游解说tour descri ption and direction劳动管理labour management 物资管理material handling, goods handling设备管理equipment management, facility management财务管理financial management 安全管理safety management环境监测environmental monitor植物养护管理plant maintenance and management质量管理quality management园貌维修garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治disease and insect control 园林管理规划management plan 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions 游人规则visitors regulation园内交通管理traffic control in park园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance汽车停车规则parking rules 自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules开放时间opening time日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management2.0723 人类生态环境human ecological environment2.0724 自然系统natural system自然资源natural resource2.0726 自然保护conservation of nature自然保存natural preservation2.0728 环境保护environmental protection环境容量environment capacity环境适宜性environment fitness 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality2.0732 共生symbiosis 互惠共生mutualism2.0734 公害public nuisance 生态绝灭ecological extinction2.0736 生态系统ecosystem 生态圈ecosphere2.0738 生态灾难ecological disaster 环境质量environmental quality2.0740 环境压力environment stress生命维持系统life-support system反馈系统feedback system 自养生物autotroph 异养生物heterotroph食物链foodchain 生物圈biosphere主体群落major community濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant2.0749人工群落artificial community 绿色革命green revolution户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource原始环境系统wilderness environment system近代环境系统modern environment system乡村生活模式country life-pattern烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution雾害fog pollution 霜害frost injury 水污染water pollution土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination园林小气候garden microclimate2.0761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant引气候调节climatic regulation 自动调节机能homeostasis2.0764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis 森林生态系统forest ecosystem2.0766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem滞尘植物dust holding plantAccessibility 可达性Accessible route 易达的路线advance notice 事先通知aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerobic digesters 需氧消化池aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏aesthetic controls 审美控制aggregate base 混合基础AIA 美国建筑师协会Anaerobic digesters 厌氧分解池APA 美国规划师协会arterial streets 主干道as-built records 施工记录ASLA 美国景观建筑师协会axioms 原理athletic facility 运动设施average walking distance 平均步行距离backfill 回填backhoe 挖沟机bar charts 横道图barrier design 障碍设计beams 大梁bearing capacity 承载力benchmarks 水准点billing 帐簿biodiversity 生物多样性bioengineering 生物工程biomass 生物量bioretention ponds 生物滞留池boardwalks 栈桥bonding company 担保公司bonuses 奖金boundary definition 边界确定boundary survey 边界测量brown fields 褐色土地bulldozers 推土机business development 商业开发business parks 商业园区cadastral survey 地籍测量camping 野营candlepower 烛光度cantilevered wall 悬臂墙cascading waterfalls瀑布叠水certificates of payment 付款证明书certifications of compliance 应允证明书cesspools 化粪池,污水坑,污水渗井,粪坑change orders 变更单changes, unauthorized 未经同意的变更channels, stormwater 雨水沟渠,槽,渠道circulation control 循环控制circulation patterns 环流模式clay lenses 粘土防渗层clay soil 粘土clean-up 清扫,清理,清除,提纯,净化clearing and grubbing 清理和除根client 业主climate zones 气候带closeout 竣工cluster treatment systems 集中式污水处理系统co-ordinates 坐标cold 寒带collected rainwater 收集起来的雨水collector streets 次干道colloidal soil 胶质土壤commercial center design 商业中心设计communication 电信community commercial 社区商业community facility standards 社区设施标准community parks and recreation planning data 社区公园和文娱体育规划资料connected imperviousness 连续的非渗透地面community scale 社区尺度community standards 社区标准compaction 压实competition pools 竞赛用游泳池composting toilets 堆肥厕所conceptualization 概念化concrete crib wall 混凝土格笼墙cones of vision 视锥conservation standards 保护标准constructed wetlands 人工湿地construction 施工brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏construction document 施工文件construction layout 施工布局construction observation 施工监理construction permits 施工许可construction sequence 施工顺序construction survey 施工测量。
景观设计园林规划设计专业英语1
景观设计园林规划设计专业英语1园林规划设计专业英语-22.4 园林艺术类159 景view, scenery, feature 160 远景distant view 161 近景nearby view162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view 163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place 165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 166 漏景leaking through scenery 167 框景enframed scenery 168 尾景terminal feature 169 主景main feature170 副景secondary feature 171 配景objective view 172 夹景vista line, vista 173 前景front view 174 背景background 175 景序order of sceneries176 景点feature spot, view spot 177 仰视景观upward landscape 178 俯视景观downward landscape 179 季相景观seasonal phenomena180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 181 视野visual field182 秋色fall color, autumn color 183 园林空间garden space184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space 185 封闭空间enclosure space186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery 187 苍古antiquity 188 空灵spaciousness, airiness 189 动观in-motion viewing 190 静观in-position viewing 191 视错觉visual illusion192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden 193 对称平衡symmetrical balance 194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance195 左右对称bilateral symmetry 196 辐射对称radial symmetry 197 透景线perspective line 198 轴线axis, axial line 199 主轴main axis200 副轴auxiliary axis201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis 202 树冠线skyline203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors 204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony 206 对比色突出contrast colors accent207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony 208 暖色warm color 209 冷色cool color 210 色感color sense211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 212 绿地系统green space system213 公共绿地定额public green space quota 214 公共绿地指标public green space norm 215 绿地布局green space layout 216 吸引圈attractive circle217 吸引距离attractive distance 218 有效半径effective radius 219 绿地资源green space resource 220 绿地效果green space effect221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space 222 空间规划space planning 223 形象规划image plan224 实施规划implementary plan225 必要生活空间necessary living space 226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space 227 利用频度usage frequency228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs 229 绿地类型type of green space 230 环状绿型annular green space 231 块状绿地green plot 232 点状绿地green spot233 放射状绿地radiate green space 234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space 235 缓冲绿地buffer green space236 防音绿地noiseproof green space237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory 238 园林保留地reserve garden239 公园规划park planning240 园林总体规划garden master planning 241 总平面规划site planning 242 园林分区garden zoning243 安静休息区tranquil rest area244 儿童活动区children playing space245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot 246 体育运动区sports activities area 247 野餐区picnic place248 散步区pedestrian space249 群众集会区mass meeting square 250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 252 草坪区lawn space253 绿荫区shade tree section254 历史古迹区historical relics area255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area 256 诱鸟区bird sanctuary area 257 钓鱼区fishing center 258 野营区camp site 259 游人中心visitors center 260 服务中心service center261 探险游乐场adventure ground262 文化活动区cultural activities area 263 道路系统approach system, road system 264 环形道路系统circular road system 265 方格形道路系统latticed road system 266 放射形道路系统radiate road system 267 自然式道路系统informal road system 268 规整式道路系统formal road system269 混合式道路系统mixed style road system 270 园林规划图garden planning map271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction 272 城市公园系统urban park system 273 公园分布distribution of parks 274 公园类型park type, park category 275 公园间距distance between parks 276 公园形式park styles277 游览区excursion area, open-to-public area 278 非游览区no-admittance area 279 办公区administrative area 280 服务区service center281 动休息区dynamic rest space 282 静休息区static rest space 283 娱乐演出区entertaining performance place 284 主要入口main entrance285 次要入口secondary entrance 286 人流量visitors flowrate 287 车流量vehicle flowrate 288 公园道路park road289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio 290 游人容纳量visitors capacity291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation 292 风景学scenicology293 风景规划landscape plan 294 风景设计landscape design 295 游览路线touring route 296 旅游资源tourism resource 297 旅游地理tourism geography 298 旅游地质tourism geology 299 历史名城famous historical city 300 文化名城famous cultural city 301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic 302 天然博物馆natural open museum 303 风景地貌natural geomorphology 304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration 305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site 307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area 308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs 309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot 310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot 311 森林风景区forest scenic spot 312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot 313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot314 江河风景区river landscape district 315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot 316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot 317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation 320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot 321 自然保护区nature protection area 322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research 323 天然纪念物natural monument324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计专业英文对照325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer 326 园址测量图garden site survey map 327 地形图topographic map, contour map 328 种植设计planting design329 地形改造设计topographical reform design 330 种植大样图detail planting design 331 造价分析cost analysis 332 园林形式garden style333 规整式园林formal garden style 334 非规整园林informal garden style 335 几何式园林geometric garden style 336 自然式园林natural garden style 337 混合式园林mixed garden style 338 近代巴洛克式园林modern baroque style 339 马克斯抽象园林r.b. marx abstract garden 340 园林区划garden area division 341 园林分区规划garden block planning 342 庭院花园courtyard garden 343 前庭front yard, forecourt 344 后庭back yard, rear yard 345 中庭patio346 厨园kitchen yard347 沉[床]园sunken garden 348 窗园window garden 349 墙园wall garden 350 宅园home garden351 台地园terrace garden 352 冬园winter garden353 切花园cut flower garden 354 屋顶花园roof garden 355 后花园back yard garden356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden 357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound 358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork 359 太湖石taihu lake stone, water modelled stone 360 黄石yellowish brown stone361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone 362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone 363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making 364 叠石stones laying 365 板石flag stone366 散点石scattered stone。
园林专业英语整理(曹)
《园林基本术语标准》2 通用术语2.0.1 园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture2.0.2 园林garden and park2.0.3 绿化greening, planting2.0.4 城市绿化urban greening, urban planting2.0.5 城市绿地urban green space3 城市绿地系统3.1城市绿地3.1.1 公园绿地public park3.1.2 公园park3.1.3 儿童公园children park3.1.4 动物园zoo3.1.5 植物园botanical garden3.1.6 墓园cemetery garden3.1.7 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape3.1.8 盲人公园park for the blind3.1.9 花园garden3.1.10 历史名园historical garden and park3.1.11 风景名胜公园famous scenic park3.1.12 纪念公园memorial park3.1.13 街旁绿地roadside green space3.1.14 带状公园linear park3.1.15 专类公园theme park3.1.16 岩石园rock garden3.1.17 社区公园community park3.1.18 生产绿地productive plantation area3.1.19 防护绿地green buffer, green area for environmental protection3.1.20 附属绿地attached green space3.1.21 居住绿地green space attached to housing estate, residential green space 3.1.22 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square3.1.23 屋顶花园roof garden3.1.24 立体绿化vertical planting3.1.25 风景林地scenic forest land3.2城市绿地系统规划3.2.1 城市绿地系统urban green space system3.2.2 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning3.2.3 绿地覆盖面积green coverage3.2.4 绿地覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage3.2.5 绿地率greening rate, ratio of green space3.2.6 绿带green belt3.2.7 楔形绿地green wedge3.2.8 城市绿线boundary line of urban green space4 园林规划与设计4.1.1 园林史landscape history, garden history4.1.2 古典园林classical garden4.1.3 囿hunting park4.1.4 苑imperial park4.1.5 皇家园林royal garden4.1.6 私家园林private garden4.1.7 寺庙园林monastery garden4.2园林艺术4.2.1 园林艺术garden art4.2.2 相地site investigation4.2.3 造景landscaping4.2.4 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing4.2.5 园林意境poetic imagery of garden4.2.6 透景线perspective line4.2.7 盆景miniature landscape, penjing4.2.8 插花flower arrangement4.2.9 季相seasonal appearance of plant4.3规划设计4.3.1 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 4.3.2 园林布局garden layout4.3.3 园林设计garden design4.3.4 公园最大游人量maximum visitors capacity in park 4.3.5 地形设计topographical design4.3.6 园路设计garden path design4.3.7 种植设计planting design4.3.8 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting4.3.9 对植opposite planting, coupled planting4.3.10 列植linear planting4.3.11 群植group planting, mass planting4.4园林植物4.4.1 园林植物landscape plant4.4.2 观赏植物ornamental plant4.4.3 古树名木historical tree and famous wood species 4.4.4 地被植物ground cover plant4.4.5 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber4.4.6 温室植物greenhouse plant4.4.7 花卉flowering plant4.4.8 行道树avenue tree, street tree4.4.9 草坪lawn4.4.10 绿篱hedge4.4.11 花篱flower hedge4.4.12 花境flower border4.4.13 人工植物群落man-made planting habitat4.5.1 园林建筑garden building4.5.2 园林小品small garden ornaments4.5.3 园廊veranda, gallery, colonnade4.5.4 水榭waterside pavilion4.5.5 舫boat house4.5.6 园亭garden pavilion, pavilion4.5.7 圆台platform4.5.8 月洞门moon gate4.5.9 花架pergola, trellis4.5.10 园林楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar4.5.11 园林匾额bian’e in garden5 园林工程5.0.1 园林工程garden engineering5.0.2 绿化工程plant engineering5.0.3 大树移植big tree transplanting5.0.4 假植heeling in, temporary planting5.0.5 基础种植foundation planting5.0.6 种植成活率ratio of living tree5.0.7 适地适树planting according to the environment5.0.8 造型修剪topiary5.0.9 园艺horticulture5.0.10 假山rockwork, artificial hill5.0.11 置石stone arrangement, stone layout5.0.12 掇山piled stone hill, hill making5.0.13 塑山man-made rockwork5.0.14 园林理水water system layout in garden5.0.15 驳岸revetment in garden5.0.16 喷泉fountain6 风景名胜区6.0.1 风景名胜区landscape and famous scenery6.0.2 国家重点风景名胜区national park of China6.0.3 风景名胜区规划landscape and famous scenery planning 6.0.4 风景名胜famous scenery ,famous scenic site6.0.5 风景资源scenery resource6.0.6 景物view, feature6.0.7 景点feature spot, view spot6.0.8 景区scenic zone6.0.9 景观landscape, scenery6.0.10 游览线touring route6.0.11 环境容量environmental capacity6.0.12 国家公园national park园林学标准英语大全02 园林学02.1 总论2.0001园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture 2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape gardening2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture2.0005 园林艺术garden art2.0006 园林美学garden aesthetics2.0007 园林建筑学garden architecture2.0008 园林建筑garden building2.0009 园林工程garden engineering2.0010 园林植物landscape plant2.0011 观赏植物ornamental plant2.0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing2.0013 园林garden and park2.0014 园林学史history of garden architecture2.0015 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 2.0016 园林设计garden design2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine2.0018 园林管理garden management2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology2.0020 绿化greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening2.0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing 2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening2.0041 花园garden2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden2.0043 花园村garden village2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden2.0046 松柏园conifer garden2.0047 球根园bulb garden2.0048 宿根园perennial garden2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园petty street garden2.0053 水景园water garden2.0054 铺地园paved garden2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature land-scape 2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden2.0063 学校园school garden2.0064 室内花园indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind2.0067 公园park, public park2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park2.0069 区公园regional park2.0070 儿童公园children park2.0071 体育公园sports park2.0072 森林公园forest park2.0073 纪念公园memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 2.0078 中央公园central park2.0079 天然公园natural park2.0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园historic site park2.0082 河滨公园riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园lakeside park2.0084 路边公园roadside park, street park2.0085 娱乐公园amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园recreation park2.0088 疗养公园sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园national park2.0090 邻里公园neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园special park2.0092 植物园botanical garden2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 2.0097 绿地green space2.0098 公共绿地public green space2.0099 单位绿地unit green area2.0100 城市绿地urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection 2.0104 郊区绿地suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt2.0106 附属绿地attached green space2.0107 生产绿地productive plantation area2.0108 苗圃nursery2.0109 风景landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观natural landscape2.0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities 2.0112 草原景观prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape 2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape2.0115 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape2.0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape02.2 园林史02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden2.0125 皇家园林royal garden2.0126 私家园林private garden2.0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden2.0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden2.0133 法兰西式园林French style garden2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden2.0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus2.0141 迷阵maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden2.0155 悬园Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park2.0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景distant view2.0161 近景nearby view2.0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place 2.0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery 2.0166 漏景leaking through scenery2.0167 框景enframed scenery2.0168 尾景terminal feature2.0169 主景main feature2.0170 副景secondary feature2.0171 配景objective view2.0172 夹景vista line, vista2.0173 前景front view2.0174 背景background2.0175 景序order of sceneries2.0176 景点feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观downward landscape2.0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 2.0181 视野visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间garden space2.0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间enclosure space2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery2.0187 苍古antiquity2.0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观in-motion viewing2.0190 静观in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance2.0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry2.0197 透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line2.0199 主轴main axis2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors2.0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony2.0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出contrast colors accent2.0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色warm color2.0209 冷色cool color2.0210 色感color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 2.0212 绿地系统green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局green space layout2.0216 吸引圈attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离attractive distance2.0218 有效半径effective radius2.0219 绿地资源green space resource2.0220 绿地效果green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space 2.0222 空间规划space planning2.0223 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noiseproof green space2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划site planning2.0242 园林分区garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区sports activities area2.0247 野餐区picnic place2.0248 散步区pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 2.0252 草坪区lawn space2.0253 绿荫区shade tree section2.0254 历史古迹区historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area2.0256 诱鸟区bird sanctuary area2.0257 钓鱼区fishing center2.0258 野营区camp site2.0259 游人中心visitors center2.0260 服务中心service center2.0261 探险游乐场adventure ground2.0262 文化活动区cultural activities area2.0263 道路系统approach system, road system2.0264 环形道路系统circular road system2.0265 方格形道路系统latticed road system2.0266 放射形道路系统radiate road system2.0267 自然式道路系统informal road system2.0268 规整式道路系统formal road system2.0269 混合式道路系统mixed style road system2.0270 园林规划图garden planning map2.0271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction2.0272 城市公园系统urban park system2.0273 公园分布distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型park type, park category2.0275 公园间距distance between parks2.0276 公园形式park styles2.0277 游览区excursion area, open-to-public area2.0278 非游览区no-admittance area2.0279 办公区administrative area2.0280 服务区service center2.0281 动休息区dynamic rest space2.0282 静休息区static rest space2.0283 娱乐演出区entertaining performance place2.0284 主要入口main entrance2.0285 次要入口secondary entrance2.0286 人流量visitors flowrate2.0287 车流量vehicle flowrate2.0288 公园道路park road2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio2.0290 游人容纳量visitors capacity2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation2.0292 风景学scenicology2.0293 风景规划landscape plan2.0294 风景设计landscape design2.0295 游览路线touring route2.0296 旅游资源tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质tourism geology2.0299 历史名城famous historical city2.0300 文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆natural open museum2.0303 风景地貌natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区river landscape district2.0315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot2.0316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot2.0317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting 2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area。
园林专业英语术语
园林术语园garden园丁gardener园廊veranda园林park and garden园林驳岸revetment in garden园林布局garden layout园林陈设garden furniture园林底图garden base map园林地形garden topography园林地形改造topographic treatment of garden园林雕塑garden sculpture园林工程garden engineering园林构图composition of garden园林管理landscape management园林规划park and garden planning园林化gardenization园林建设park and garden construction园林建筑garden structure园林空间garden room园林理水water treatment of garden园林绿地garden green area园林绿地布局garden green area layout园林绿化landscaping园林美学garden aesthetics园林苗圃garden nursery园林铺路garden pavement园林色彩garden color园林色彩构图garden color composition园林色彩调和garden color harmony园林色彩效果garden color effect园林色彩学garden color chromatics园林设计park and garden design园林设计师landscape architect园林树木landscape woody plant, landscape tree and shrub 园林四季色彩seasonal colors in gardening园林小气候garden microclimate园林学landscape architecture园林养护park maintenance园林艺术garden art园林艺境poetic imagery of garden园林栅栏garden fence园林植物garden plant园林植物配置planting arrangement园林植物育种landscape plant breeding园林种植设计garden planting design园林总平面图garden general layout园林总体规划garden overall plan园路pave园路工程garden pavement engineering园门garden entrance园墙garden wall园桥garden bridge园亭garden pavilion园屋garden house园艺horticulture园用筛garden sieve古代园林ancient garden, historical garden 古典建筑classic architecture古典式classic style古典党派classical school古树age-old tree古树名木old tree and famous wood现代园林modern garden花卉flowers and plants花卉布置flowers arrangement花卉干旱处理floral draught treatment花卉冷藏处理floral cold treatment花卉品种分类系统systematic floricattase花卉色谱flower color chart花卉业florist industry花卉园艺系floriculture花卉展览flower show花卉装饰flower decoration花架flower trellis, pagoda花镜flower border花? splice花篮flower basket花候flowercence, flowering season 花卉布置flower arrangement花被卷造式aestivations花部退化状态antholysis花色flower color花束bouquet花坛flower bed花坛植物bedding plant花萼scape花心eye of flower花形成Flower formation花型flower form花型同性homogeny花型异性heterogamy花序inflorescence花序轴rhachic花芽flower bud花芽分化flower bud differentiation花芽接fruit bud grafting花芽始?状态ripeness of flower花芽形成flower bud formation花样pattern花药anther花药培养anther culture花冠裂片corolla lobe花寇筒corolla tube花萼calix (pl. calices), calyx (pl. calyces) 花萼瓣化性calycantheng花萼裂片calyx-lobe花萼筒calyx tube花而不实no seed after blossom花粉pollen花粉败育pollen abortion花粉不育性pollen sexility花粉培养pollen culture花梗pedicel花冠corolla花灌木flowering shrub花喉gorqe花环floral hoop, garden花药?化anther ophylly花药异常anther omania花颖floriglume花园garden花原端floral apex花原?Flower primordium花运动flower movement花枝flower branch花柱style露地花卉outdoor flower宿根花卉perennial flowers球根花卉bulb flowers岩生花卉rock flowers水生花卉aquatic flowers草坪植物lawn plant地被植物grand cover plant温室花卉greenhouse flower亚灌木花卉sufruticosa flower木本花卉woody flowers兰科花卉orchid flower花格子架trellis花格墙lattice wall花篱flower hedge花轮flower whorl花轮减少oligotaxy花轮增多pleiotaxy花木flowering trees and shrubs花泥flower foam花盘clisc, disk花盆flower pot花棚架pergola花瓶vase花圃flower nursery花期antheris (单花); blooming date; blooming period; blossom;efflorescence; flowering period花期不遇flowering a synchronism花期隔离anthesis isolation花期控制anthesis control花器flower organ花器发育flower organ development花被perianth花被瓣perianth lobe, perianth segment蕨类植物fern, pteridophyte仙人掌植物cactus plants多桨植物fleshy plants盆花potted flower盆景bonsai, miniarcape, miniature landscape, penjing 盆栽pot culture盆栽苗potted seedling盆栽植物potted plant树桩盆景potted miniature tree, miniature potted-tree山水盆景potted miniature landscape观赏sightseeing观赏动物fancy animal观赏花卉ornamental flower观赏价值aesthetic value, ornamental value观赏树木ornamental trees and shrubs观赏树种ornamental tree’s species观赏园艺ornamental horticulture装饰植物decorative plants观赏植物ornamental plant观叶树foliage tree观叶植物foliage plant, leaf plant观赏竹类ornamental bamboos植物公园botanical park植物景观vegetative landscape植物空间vegetation space植物园botanical garden植穴plant hole, plant pit植株plant individual装饰decoration, ornament饰面板,装饰板decorative board, decorative panel装饰材料decorative material装饰漆decorative coating装饰图案ornamental design装饰艺术decorative paper装饰纸decorative paper饰面facing室内花园indoor garden, house garden室内花卉indoor flower室内气候indoor weather室内植物indoor plant, house plant室内装饰interior decoration室内装饰板interior finish board室内嫁接indoor grafting室外嫁接field grafting室温room temperature暗明暗图案olo-pattern暗明图案ol-pattern沉园sunken garden沉堰ground-weis沉积景观sedimentary landscape沉床花坛sunken flower bed背景栽植background planting背景适应background adaptation本底谱background spectrum避署胜地summer resort边界栽植boundary planting裱mount补植rein forerment planting补植树enriched tree, gap-cover不规则式informal style, irregular style 不规则式园林irregular garden草被rod cover草皮turf草皮犁turfing plow草皮地水道grass waterway草皮栽植turf planting草坪lawn草坪更新lawn renovation草坪洒水器lawn sprinkler草坪修剪机lawn pruning machine草坪栽培turf-culture草坪植物lawn plant草图rough draft, sketch城市大气urban atmosphere城市分区city zoning城市风urban wind城市风景civic landscape城市公园urban park城市规划city planning城市规划区city planning area城市花园city garden城市化urbanization城市环境urban environment城市建设urban construction城市空地urban open space城市林业city forestry, urban forestry城市绿地定额urban green norm城市绿地定额指标urban green norm indication城市绿地系统urban green system城市绿地系统规划urban green system planning城市绿化urban afforesting and green城市绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage城市热岛效应urban heat-island effect城市森林urban forestry城市生态学urban ecology城市园林布局city garden distribution城市园林绿地规划planning of open space城市园林绿地系统system of open space池pond, pool池塘园pool garden重瓣polyphyll重瓣花double flower, multiplication flower 重瓣品种double variety重被花dichlamydeous flower重新配置reallocation, reallotment初花期initial-flowering period窗洞(口)window opening窗格状fenertriform, windowlike窗台windowsill窗扇casement窗框,窗樘frame, sash窗?slille垂直绿化vertical greening垂直投影vertical projection导游圈tourist map树池tree basal pond树丝grove树冠投影图crown mapping树冠投影crown projection树形sharp of tree, tree form树冠形crown form树木修补tree surgery树木养护tree maintenance树木移植tree transplant树木园arboretum树木造型topiary树木造型艺术topiary art树木支柱tree-prop树相树姿tree feature树种选择choice of tree species树桩盆景potted miniature tree, miniature potted-tree 专类花园specified flower garden专用绿地exclusive green space原产地provenance, seed source风障windscreen, windbreak冷床cold frame冷床播种seeding in cold frame冷床催芽cold frame forced germination冷床育苗seeding in cold frame温床frame, hotbed温床播种frame seeding温床催根forced rooting in frame温床育苗growing seedling in hotbed插花flower arrangement花相floral aspect(form)列植line-planting荫棚花卉shed flower食用花卉food flower, edible flower香料花卉drug flower, medical flower药用花卉fragrance flower, perfume flower热带花卉tropical flower温带花卉temperate flower寒带花卉arctic flower, frigid flower, boreal flower 高山花卉alpine flower促成栽培forcing culture促成温室forcing house抑制栽培inhibitory culture无土栽培soilless culture观赏价值aesthetic value, ornamental value观赏树木ornamental trees and shrubs观赏树种ornamental tree species观赏温室ornamental greenhouse观赏园艺ornamental horticulture观赏植物ornamental plant观赏植物采后处理postharvest processing of ornamental plants 观赏竹类ornamental bamboo观叶树foliage tree观叶植物foliage plant, leaf plant?花卉花卉bedding flower盆栽花卉potted flower花卉种质flower germ plasm种植密度planting density种植配置planting composition种植设计planting design切花cut flower切花保鲜keeping freshness of cutting flower切花保鲜剂floral preservation切花贮藏cut flower storage切接cut grafting切枝杂交cutting cross食虫植物insectivorous plant观赏动物fancy animal观赏花卉ornamental flower轴测axial measurement透视perspective透视图perspective drawing透视轴perspective axis投影projection投影图projection drawing投影面积projection area阴影shadow阴影法shadow method阴影线hachure line, hachures平面图plan立面图elevation平面plane剖面profile, section剖面图section, sectional drawing剖视图cutaway view, sectional view立体花坛three-dimensional flower bed对植,对称种植oppositi-planting, symmetrical planting三角形种植triangle-planting孤植,独植,单植isolated planting丛植,丛栽bunch planting聚植,集植,组植crowd planting群植,群状栽植block planting, group planting树群tree group林植patch planting散点植scattered planting修剪cutting back, pruning整形dressing, shaping整形修剪pruning, shearing体憩区recreation area整地ground preparation, site preparation, soil preparation 总体布置general arrangement总体规划general plan, master plant总体(规划)设计overall design总投资gross investment总图general drawing总控制点total inhibition point(T.I.P)纵断面longitudinal profile, longitudinal section纵断面测量profile survey纵断面设计profile design纵断面图,纵剖面图profile纵视图longitudinal view通廊altey园林建筑,庭园建筑garden architecture庭园绿化grounds greening庭园绿化树种grounds greening species庭园(house)garden, flower garden别墅villa文化公园cultural park文化景观cultural landscape体育公园sports park纪念公园memorial park纪念林memorial forest儿童公园children park儿童游戏场children’s playground游乐场(园)amusement ground, pleasure ground游憩地点recreation site游憩地区recreation area游憩设施recreation facility游园take part in a garden party, gala party 游人sight-seer游客traveler, sight-seer游览tour, go sight-seeing游记account of o ne’s travels游船pleasure-boat, yacht油画oil painting户外游憩outdoor recreation户外游憩资源outdoor recreation resource户外游戏场amusement park户外空间outdoor space国家公园national park森林公园forest park造园设计landscape design天然公园landscape park景观单元landscape unit田园城市,花园城市garden city园林郊区garden suburb节奏rhythm街道绿地street green area街道绿化street planting街坊花园neighborhood garden制图charting, map-making, drafting制表tabulating景观保护区landscape reservation景观变化aspect ion, scenery variation景观分析landscape analysis景观价值amenity value景观开发landscape development景观控制点landscape control point景观型landscape type景色landscape, scene, view景深depth of field景深方向depth direction构思work out the composition of a picture 构图composition(of a picture)台terrace台地园terrace garden台榭terraced building楼阁loft假门blank door假山artificial hill, decorative hill 叠石overlapped rocks玲珑剔透small and exquisite水景剧场water theatre视景线vista视景园vista garden丘园Kew garden花园广场garden square中央公园central park左右对称bilateral symmetry辐射对称radical symmetry风景landscape, scenery风景保护林scenic beauty protection forest 风景保护区landscape reservation风景步道scenic trails风景管理带landscape-management zone 风景规划landscape planning风景控制点landscape control point风景林amenity forest风景名胜区规划planning of scenic resort风景评价appreciation of scenery风景区scenic area风景设计landscape design风景型landscape type避暑胜地summer resort便门access door便道pilot track, pioneer road滨河园riverside garden涂白whitewash涂抹painting涂伤剂wound paint土方工程earth work底漆primer, priming paint面漆top coatCommon Prefixes of Forestry Termsa- 非,无,异常;allo-异;auto-自动,自行;bi-二;bio-生物;centi-一百;co-协同;con-同,相同,共;di- 二的,二倍;dis- 相反,分离;extra-额外的;hydr-, hydro-水,氢的;in-在内,进入,非;inter-……间的;intra-在……内的;kilo-千;meta-变异的,异质的;macro-大的;mega(lo)-大,强,兆,百万; micro-小的,微;mono-单一的;multi-多的;neo-新的;over- 在上面,超过,额外; para-同,并;pent(a)-五个;phyto-植物的;poly-多的;pre-前;proto-先,原,初;quadr-四个;quasi-准;re-再,返,回,重,共;self-自行;sub-亚,半,下,近;semi-半;stereo-立体super-超,超级,上;syn-, sym-一道,共同,同时;tetra-四个;tri-三;ultra-超级,外;uni-单一Basic Words of Forestry Terms乡土native本底(背景)background界面boundary种质germplasm分布distribution系数、指数factor,index(indices)参数parameter,parametric平均mean最大maximum最小minimum最佳optimal最优optimum期望expected, expectation 人为man-made人工artificial模拟analog区域area复合complex,combined,integrated 等效、等价equivalent,equivalence 侵蚀erosion估计estimated粗放extensive集约intensive大田、野外field固定fixed一般的,广义generalized,general阔叶hardwood,broadleaf识别,判读,指示identification信息information干扰interference反馈feedback中间intermediate中等medium山间intermont, intermontance内在的,内禀intrinsic内部internal外部external,exterior外推extrapolation;调查inventory,investigation,survey 不规则irregular异常illegitimate专一,专化,特定specific线性linear随机random,stochastic范围range率rate比率ratio系数coefficient类型type,form密度density成熟maturity采伐cutting度degree退化degradation种species流失loss增长increment层layer厚度thickness景观landscape平衡balance速生rapidly growing回归regression区域region相对relative 可靠reliability样本sample样地plot样点point地形relief残存、残遗relict残余、残存、剩余residual断面刨面sectional主要primary次要、次生secondary立地site林分stand空间spatial连续、继承、演替succession对称symmetry同生synchronous合成synthesized系统的systematic目标、靶target过渡transitional局部localized,partial混交mixed模型model,pattern,type,form正常、正交、正态、标本、正规normal(ized)顶极climax原始original拟合best fit定期、周期periodic永久、持续、固定、稳定permanent 主principal,major,main优先priority潜在、位势、可能potential每木per-tree单位per unit定性qualitative定量quantitative预测predict原始primitive耐性tolerance生物量biomass生长growth群落community梯度gradient纯(收入)net标准standard收入income面积area支出output长度length体积volume宽度width生产力capacity次生secondary价值、评价value评价、估价assessment 演替、序列succession库pool关联的associated相关作用correlation表table循环、周期cycle曲线curve循环circulate,circulation覆盖率coverage纯pure有效的available边缘、边际edge,margin效益、效能effect模拟simulation预测、预报prediction模型、建模、标准model,modeling 模式mode林业科学通用词汇management经营、管理、经理ratio比率index指数index(指标)factor因子constant常数type、form类型density密度degradation退化site立地loss流失stand林分layer 层sample样本(sampling) 抽样maturity 成熟rotation周期thickness厚度landscape 景观inventory 测量、调查、清查balance 平衡cutting 采伐increment 增长、增量primitive,origin 原始range 范围、地域resistance 抗性tolerance 耐性net网period 期classification ,separates,divide 分类、分离background本底The Plant Body: An OverviewThere are more than 275,000 species of plants, and no one species can be used as a "typical example" of their body plans. Plants live in fresh water, in seawater, on land, even high above a forest floor (attached to other plants), and their features are correspondingly diverse. In size alone, plants range from microscopic algae to giant redwoods. Which plants, then, should be our focus? Botanists divide the plant kingdom into two broad categories:Vascular plants: with well-developed conducting tissues through which water andsolutes are transported to different body regions.Nonvascular plants: no internal transport systems (very simple ones).Because fewer than 30,000 species (the red, brown, and green algae and the bryophytes) are nonvascular, it is clear that the vascular pattern is more typical. The most familiar vascular plants are the seed-producing plants, so called spermatophyte and generally divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms:Gymnosperms: chiefly conifers, such as pines, spruces, firs, hemlocks, larches, cypress, junipers, maidenhair trees, and redwoods.Angiosperms: flowering plant s, such as poplars, willows,birches, walnuts, elms,mulberries, oaks, roses, apple trees, cherry trees, lilacs, lilies, tulips,orchids, and bamboos.The overwhelming majority of vascular plants (235,000 species) are flowering, and they will be our focus here. All vascular plants have primary tissues originating at roots and shoot tips, and as these tissues grow and develop, the roots, stems, and leaves increase in length. Collectively, these tissues are called primary growth. Many species also show secondary growth, which results in increases in diameter(girth,周长,围长) at older root and stem regions. For example,secondary growth adds to the woody parts of a maple tree; primary growth gives rise to its new shoots each spring.There are two classes of flowering plants, referred to informally as monocots and dicots. They both have a shoot system, consisting of stems and leaves, and a root system. Both produce flowers, which serve as the reproductive system. However, one of the main differences between the two classes is that monocot seeds have one cotyledon, and dicot seeds have two. Other differences between monocots and dicots are shown as follows:Monocots Dicotsone cotyledon in seed two cotyledons in seedfloral parts usually occur in threes floral parts usually occur in fivesleaf veins usually are parallel leaf veins usually are netlikemost monocots show little or many dicots show secondary growthno secondary growthpollen grains basically have one pore pollen grains basically have three pore or furrows or furrowsAn Overview of Common Plants种子植物Spermatophyte 裸子植物Gymnosperms 被子植物Angiosperms 双子叶植物Dicotyledons 单子叶植物monocotyledons松属pine 冷杉属fir云杉属spruce 落叶松属larch铁杉属hemlock 银杏maidenhair tree, Ginkgo 雪松cedar金松golden larch 杉木Chinese fir 北美红杉sequoia, R edwood巨杉Giant sequoia, giant redwood, Big-Tree 水杉metasequoia, fossil tree红豆杉yew 三尖杉属plum-yew 榧树属torreya扁柏属cedar 刺柏属juniper 柏木属cypress侧柏属Chinese thuja, Oriental Arbor-Vitae 圆柏属juniper柳属willow, osier, salon-tree 杨属poplar, cotton wood, aspen山毛榉,水青冈beech 锥栗属,栗属chestnut 栎属oak桤木,赤杨alder 桦木属birch 鹅耳枥属hornbeam铁木属hop-hornbeam 榛属hazel (tree) 榆属elm朴树属hack-berry, nettle-tree 桑属mulberry 构树paper-mulberry榕树属fig-tree 无花果fig 胡桃属walnut山核桃hickory 枫杨wing-nut 榛属nut-tree芍药属peony(牡丹tree peony)小檗属berbery 木兰属magnolia鹅掌楸tulip-tree 悬铃木plane(tree)漆树属sumac (h )槭树属maple 蔷薇属rose 树莓(悬钩子)属,dewberry 苹果apple tree 李子plum 梨pear樱桃cherry 杏apricot 桃peach山楂haw, hawthorn 梅plum 花楸属sorb, service-tree, scorb 绣线菊属meadow sweet 金合欢wattle刺槐locust 皂荚属honey-locust 胡枝子属bush-clover臭椿tree of heaven 楝树China-tree 卫矛属spindle tree南蛇藤staff-tree 冬青属holly 黄杨属box黄栌smoke-tree 茉莉属jasmine 桉树gum椴树属basswood, lime, linden 七叶树属horse chestnut 柿树属persimmon, ebony鼠李属buckthorn 枣树common jujube 葡萄grape柽柳属tamarisk 茶树tea 石榴pomegranate珙桐dove-tree 梾木dogwood 常春藤ivy杜鹃花属azalea 丁香属lilac, clove 白蜡属ash连翘golden-bell 桂花fragrant flower 楸树catalpa, bean-tree柚pomelo, pum [m]elo 柠檬树,橙lemon tree 柑桔(橘)orange忍冬属honeysuckle 枸杞boxthorn 竹类bamboo亚麻flax 草莓strawberry 郁金香tulip百合lily 兰orchid 人参ginseng。
部分园林专业英语词汇
园林艺术garden art园林美学garden aesthetics园林建筑学garden architecture园林建筑garden building园林工程garden engineering园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant盆景miniature landscape, penjing园林garden and park园林学史history of garden architecture园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning园林设计garden design乔木arbor灌木shrub铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands庭园cartilage; Garth标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign庭院courtyard瀑布fall步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park草本植物herbage藤本植物liane蔓本植物liana砌石natural cut stone铺地pave园林景观view of the garden亭,阁pavilion 榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building 小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪turf;grass园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula2.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape gardening2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture2.0004 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture 2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine 2.0018 园林管理garden management2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology2.0020 绿化greening, planting2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening 2.0022 绿地面积green area2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening 2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement 2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening2.0032 公路绿化highway greening2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening2.0041 花园garden2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden 2.0043 花园村garden village2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden2.0046 松柏园conifer garden2.0047 球根园bulb garden2.0048 宿根园perennial garden2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery 2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden2.0052 小游园petty street garden2.0053 水景园water garden2.0054 铺地园paved garden2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden 2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden2.0060 墓园cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden 2.0063 学校园school garden2.0064 室内花园indoor garden2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind2.0067 公园park, public park2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park 2.0069 区公园regional park2.0070 儿童公园children park2.0071 体育公园sports park2.0072 森林公园forest park2.0073 纪念公园memorial park2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park 2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park2.0076 文化公园cultural park2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park2.0078 中央公园central park2.0079 天然公园natural park2.0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park2.0081 古迹公园historic site park2.0082 河滨公园riverside park2.0083 湖滨公园lakeside park2.0084 路边公园roadside park, street park 2.0085 娱乐公园amusement park2.0086 雕塑公园sculpture park2.0087 休憩公园recreation park2.0088 疗养公园sanatorium park2.0089 国家公园national park2.0090 邻里公园neighborhood park2.0091 特种公园special park2.0092 植物园botanical garden2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden 2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden2.0097 绿地green space2.0098 公共绿地public green space2.0099 单位绿地unit green area2.0100 城市绿地urban green space2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area2.0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area2.0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection2.0104 郊区绿地suburban green space2.0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt 2.0106 附属绿地attached green space2.0107 生产绿地productive plantation area 2.0108 苗圃nursery2.0109 风景landscape, scenery2.0110 自然景观natural landscape2.0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities2.0112 草原景观prairie landscape2.0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape 2.0115 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape2.0117 地质景观geological landscape2.0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape2.0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden 2.0125 皇家园林royal garden2.0126 私家园林private garden2.0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史2.0128 西方古典园林western classical garden2.0129 英国式园林English style garden2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden2.0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden 2.0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden 2.0133 法兰西式园林French style garden 2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden2.0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa2.0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden 2.0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden 2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden2.0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus2.0141 迷阵maze, labyrinth02.2.3 典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden2.0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling T ai Platform Garden2.0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan2.0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace2.0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace2.0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden2.0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2.0152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort2.0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden 2.0155 悬园Hanging Garden2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park 2.0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术2.0159 景view, scenery, feature2.0160 远景distant view2.0161 近景nearby view2.0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view2.0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing2.0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place2.0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery2.0166 漏景leaking through scenery2.0167 框景enframed scenery2.0168 尾景terminal feature2.0169 主景main feature2.0170 副景secondary feature2.0171 配景objective view2.0172 夹景vista line, vista2.0173 前景front view2.0174 背景background2.0175 景序order of sceneries2.0176 景点feature spot, view spot2.0177 仰视景观upward landscape2.0178 俯视景观downward landscape2.0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena2.0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery2.0181 视野visual field2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color2.0183 园林空间garden space2.0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space2.0185 封闭空间enclosure space2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery2.0187 苍古antiquity2.0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness2.0189 动观in-motion viewing2.0190 静观in-position viewing2.0191 视错觉visual illusion2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden2.0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance 2.0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry2.0197 透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line2.0199 主轴main axis 2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis2.0202 树冠线skyline2.0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors 2.0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony 2.0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony2.0206 对比色突出contrast colors accent 2.0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony2.0208 暖色warm color2.0209 冷色cool color2.0210 色感color sense2.0211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning2.0212 绿地系统green space system2.0213 公共绿地定额public green space quota2.0214 公共绿地指标public green space norm2.0215 绿地布局green space layout2.0216 吸引圈attractive circle2.0217 吸引距离attractive distance2.0218 有效半径effective radius2.0219 绿地资源green space resource2.0220 绿地效果green space effect2.0221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space2.0222 空间规划space planning2.0223 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space 2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noise proof green space 2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area 2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area2.0252 草坪区lawn space2.0253 绿荫区shade tree section2.0270 园林规划图garden planning map 2.0271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction2.0272 城市公园系统urban park system2.0273 公园分布distribution of parks2.0274 公园类型park type, park category2.0275 公园间距distance between parks 2.0276 公园形式park styles2.0292 风景学scenicology2.0293 风景规划landscape plan2.0294 风景设计landscape design2.0295 游览路线touring route2.0296 旅游资源tourism resource2.0297 旅游地理tourism geography2.0298 旅游地质tourism geology2.0299 历史名城famous historical city2.0300 文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic2.0302 天然博物馆natural open museum 2.0303 风景地貌natural geomorphology2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot2.0310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot2.0311 森林风景区forest scenic spot2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot2.0314 江河风景区river landscape district 2.0315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot 2.0316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot 2.0317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot2.0318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot 2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area 2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map 2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design 2.0331 造价分析cost analysis2.0332 园林形式garden style2.0333 规整式园林formal garden style2.0334 非规整园林informal garden style 2.0335 几何式园林geometric garden style 2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style2.0337 混合式园林mixed garden style2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style2.0339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden2.0340 园林区划garden area division2.0341 园林分区规划garden block planning 2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden2.0343 前庭front yard, forecourt2.0344 后庭back yard, rear yard2.0345 中庭patio2.0346 厨园kitchen yard2.0347 沉[床]园sunken garden2.0348 窗园window garden2.0349 墙园wall garden2.0350 宅园home garden2.0351 台地园terrace garden2.0352 冬园winter garden2.0353 切花园cut flower garden2.0354 屋顶花园roof garden2.0355 后花园back yard garden2.0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden2.0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound 2.0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork2.0359 太湖石T aihu Lake stone, water modelled stone2.0360 黄石yellowish brown stone2.0361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone2.0362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone2.0363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making2.0364 叠石stones laying2.0365 板石flag stone2.0366 散点石scattered stone2.0367 抱角石corner stone2.0368 屋基石foundation stone2.0369 排衙石guard stone2.0370 屏石screen stone2.0371 石岸rock bank2.0372 石阶stone steps2.0373 汀步stepping stone on water surface2.0374 附壁石stone appended to wall2.0375 石花台stone flower bed2.0376 石凳stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall2.0378 干砌石dry stone wall2.0379 假山石楼梯rock stairway2.0380 石亭stone pavilion2.0381 石洞stone cavern2.0382 石窟grotto2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout2.0384 拱石arch stone2.0385 拱顶石key stone2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden 2.0387 水体water body2.0388 水面water surface 2.0389 水池pool2.0390 水塘pond2.0391 喷泉fountain2.0392 喷水池fountain pool2.0393 涉水池wading pool2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool 2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond 2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain2.0401 岛园island garden2.0402 半岛园peninsula garden2.0403 小岛isle2.0404 瀑布waterfall2.0405 小瀑布cascade2.0406 湖lake2.0407 矶rock projecting over water2.0408 水帘洞water curtain cave2.0409 园桥garden bridge2.0410 拱桥arch bridge2.0411 石板桥stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥plank bridge2.0413 圆木桥log bridge2.0414 亭桥pavilion bridge2.0415 曲桥zigzag bridge2.0416 壁泉wall fountain2.0417 饮水喷头drinking fountain2.0418 植物配植plant arrangement2.0419 树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs2.0420 群植group planting, mass planting 2.0421 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting2.0422 丛植clump planting2.0423 组植group planting2.0424 林植forest planting2.0425 列植linear planting2.0426 对植opposite planting, coupled planting2.0427 环植circular planting2.0428 带植belt planting2.0429 散植scattered planting, loose planting2.0430 边缘种植edge planting2.0431 边界种植boundary planting2.0432 整形种植architectural planting2.0433 基础种植foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植corner planting2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting2.0438 障景种植screen planting2.0439 背景种植background planting2.0440 林下种植underwood planting2.0441 路边种植roadside planting2.0442 绿篱hedge2.0443 树墙espalier2.0444 庭荫树shade tree2.0445 园景树specimen tree2.0446 风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest2.0447 行道树avenue tree, street tree2.0448 纪念林memorial forest2.0449 整型树topiary tree2.0450 花篱flower hedge’2.0451 刺篱thorny plants hedge2.0452 常绿绿篱evergreen hedge2.0453 落叶绿篱deciduous hedge2.0454 高篱high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge 2.0460 边篱boundary fence2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge 2.0462 纯林pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland 2.0465 杂木林spinney2.0466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy2.0467 草坪lawn2.0468 整形草坪formal lawn 2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn2.0470 牧场草坪meadowy land2.0471 花坛flower bed2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed2.0474 时钟花坛flower clock2.0475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed2.0476 高设花台raised flower bed2.0477 毛毡花坛carpet bed2.0478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed2.0479 铺石花坛paved bed2.0480 灌木花坛shrub bed2.0481 图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed 2.0483 花结花坛knot bed2.0484 整形花坛formal flower bed2.0485 花境flower border2.0486 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed2.0489 瓶饰garden vase2.0490 灌木花境shrub border2.0491 混合花境mixed border2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design2.0493 漫步路trail, footway2.0494 小径alley, path2.0495 川草坪岛lawn island2.0496 安全岛traffic island, refuge island 2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature2.0498 转弯半径turning radius2.0499 踏面landing pitch2.0500 步石stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步wading step2.0502 错铺路crazy paving path2.0503 随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random2.0504 花纹路pattern path2.0505 林荫路mall2.0506 林荫大道boulevard2.0507 花园路parkway2.0508 林间小道path in woodland2.0509 种植池planting bed2.0510 树池保护格栅tree grate2.0511 树干保护套栏tree guard2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting2.0513 路面线纹score line2.0514 传统园林建筑traditional garden building2.0515 凉亭summer shelter2.0516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor2.0517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion2.0518 茅亭thatched pavilion2.0519 竹亭bamboo pavilion2.0520 茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk2.0521 回廊cloister2.0522 水廊corridor on water2.0523 曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery2.0525 楼廊two-storied gallery2.0526 画舫painted pleasure boat2.0527 石舫stone boat2.0528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat2.0529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab 2.0530 月洞门moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆seat rail2.0533 石碑stone tablet, stele2.0534 园林露天剧场open garden theater 2.0535 园林露天舞池open garden dancing place2.0536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand 2.0537 眺望台prospect deck2.0538 繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse2.0539 展览温室public conservatory2.0540 月池new-moon pool2.0541 园林小品small garden ornaments 2.0542 磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet 2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat2.0544 园凳garden bench2.0545 园桌garden table2.0546 园灯garden lamp2.0547 日规sundial 2.0548 鸟浴bird bath2.0549 鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box2.0550 鸟笼bird cage, bird coop2.0551 悬篮hanging basket2.0552 野鸟喂食器bird feeder2.0553 额匾horizontal inscribed board2.0554 楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar2.0555 引露天烤炉open barbecue2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola2.0557 花架pergola2.0558 花格架trellis, treillage2.0559 点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway2.0560 园林施工garden layout, garden construction2.0561 种植工程planting engineering2.0562 大树移植big tree transplanting2.0563 裸根移植bare root transplanting 2.0564 土球移植ball transplanting2.0565 沟植trench planting2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting 2.0567 播种草坪seeding lawn2.0568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn2.0569 假山工程rockery engineering2.0570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling2.0571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced2.0572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 2.0573 上轻下重法method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks2.0574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins2.0575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials2.0576 观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub 2.0577 观叶植物foliage plant2.0578 观果植物fruit-effect plant2.0579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches2.0580 指示植物indicating plant2.0581 主景植物accent plant2.0582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant2.0583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant2.0584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant2.0585 市花city flower2.0586 市树city tree2.0587 国花national flower2.0588 国树national tree2.0589 芳香植物fragrant plant2.0590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant 2.0591 环保植物environment protecting plant2.0592 高山植物alpine plant2.0593 岩生植物rock plant2.0594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber 2.0595 地被植物ground cover plant2.0596 阴生植物shade plant2.0597 装饰植物decorative plant2.0598 装缘植物edging plant2.0599 绿蓠植物hedge plant2.0600 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass 2.0601 花坛植物bedding plant2.0602 球根植物bulbous plant2.0603 宿根植物perennial plant, perennial 2.0604 水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte 2.0605 旱生植物xerophyte2.0606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant 2.0607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant2.0608 切花cut flower2.0609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant2.0610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant2.0611 针叶植物needle-leaved plant2.0612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant2.0613 斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant2.0614 松柏植物conifer2.0615 常绿植物evergreen plant2.0616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant 2.0617 不耐寒植物tender plant2.0618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant2.0619 耐寒植物hardy plant2.0620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant2.0621 山石材料stone material 2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone2.0623 钟乳石stalactite2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone2.0625 英德石Yingde stone2.0626 青石Qing stone2.0627 宣石Xuan stone2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone2.0629 观赏动物ornamental animal2.0630 观赏鸟类ornamental bird2.0631 观赏兽类ornamental beast2.0632 观赏昆虫类ornamental insect02.8 园林机具设备2.0633 园林机械garden machine2.0634 园林工具garden instrument, garden implement2.0635 园林设备garden equipment2.0636 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider 2.0637 种植容器planting container2.0638 圆木桩log peg2.0639 喷射装置jet bubbler2.0640 滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator 2.0641 环动喷灌器circle sprinkler2.0642 圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler2.0643 自控器automatic controller2.0644 管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler2.0645 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler2.0646 喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler2.0647 喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage2.0648 草坪加肥器lawn feeder2.0649 施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler2.0650 液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner2.0651 滴水喷头emitter, dripper2.0652 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net2.0653 苗木包装材料nursery stock package material2.0654 麻布袋burlap bag2.0655 铁丝篮wire basket2.0656 篮状种植器basket container2.0657 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican2.0658 播种盘seed tray2.0659 网孔盆mesh pot2.0660 含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot2.0661 盆栽机potting machine2.0662 换盆机repotting machine2.0663 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container2.0664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower 2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter2.0666 松土除草机cultivator2.0667 旋转锄rotary hoe2.0668 切叶机foliage cutter2.0669 翻地犁uncovering plough2.0670 盖土机mounted spreader2.0671 前悬装土机front mounted loader 2.0672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader 2.0673 旋轴剪草机spindle mower2.0674 栽植机planting machine2.0675 植物覆盖plant mulching2.0676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader2.0677 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder2.0678 修枝剪pruning shear2.0679 播种器garden seeder2.0680 球根种植器bulb planter2.0681 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer 2.0682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer2.0683 嫁接刀grafting knife2.0684 温室设备greenhouse equipment2.0685 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system 2.0686 温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller2.0687 温室覆盖greenhouse covering2.0688 喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system2.0689 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator2.0690 温度报警钟temperature alarm2.0691 游览车park sightseeing bus2.0692 引剪草机lawn mower2.0693 动力剪草机power lawnmower2.0694 畜力剪草机horse lawnmower2.0695 手推剪草机hand lawnmower 2.0696 游人调查visitors investigation2.0697 游人统计visitors statistics2.0698 游人分析garden visitors analysis 2.0699 游人管理visitors management2.0700 导游图tourist map2.0701 导游解说tour descri ption and direction2.0702 劳动管理labour management2.0703 物资管理material handling, goods handling2.0704 设备管理equipment management, facility management2.0705 财务管理financial management2.0706 安全管理safety management2.0707 环境监测environmental monitor 2.0708 植物养护管理plant maintenance and management2.0709 园林技术管理garden technical management2.0710 质量管理quality management2.0711 园貌维修garden feature maintenance2.0712 植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning2.0713 植物病虫防治disease and insect control2.0714 园林管理规划management plan 2.0715 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions2.0716 游人规则visitors regulation2.0717 园内交通管理traffic control in park 2.0718 园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance2.0719 汽车停车规则parking rules2.0720 自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules2.0721 开放时间opening time2.0722 日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management2.0723 人类生态环境human ecological environment2.0724 自然系统natural system2.0725 自然资源natural resource2.0726 自然保护conservation of nature 2.0727 自然保存natural preservation2.0728 环境保护environmental protection 2.0729 环境容量environment capacity2.0730 环境适宜性environment fitness2.0731 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality2.0732 共生symbiosis2.0733 互惠共生mutualism2.0734 公害public nuisance2.0735 生态绝灭ecological extinction2.0736 生态系统ecosystem2.0737 生态圈ecosphere2.0738 生态灾难ecological disaster2.0739 环境质量environmental quality2.0740 环境压力environment stress2.0741 生命维持系统life-support system 2.0742 反馈系统feedback system2.0743 自养生物autotroph2.0744 异养生物heterotroph2.0745 食物链foodchain2.0746 生物圈biosphere2.0747 濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant2.0748 主体群落major community2.0749 人工群落artificial community2.0750 绿色革命green revolution2.0751 户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource2.0752 原始环境系统wilderness environment system2.0753 近代环境系统modern environment system2.0754 乡村生活模式country life-pattern 2.0755 烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution2.0756 雾害fog pollution2.0757 霜害frost injury2.0758 水污染water pollution2.0759 土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination2.0760 园林小气候garden microclimate 2.0761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant2.0762 引气候调节climatic regulation2.0763 自动调节机能homeostasis2.0764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis 2.0765 森林生态系统forest ecosystem2.0766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem 2.0767 滞尘植物dust holding plantbackfill 回填backhoe 挖沟机bar charts 横道图barrier design 障碍设计beams 大梁bearing capacity 承载力benchmarks 水准点billing 帐簿biodiversity 生物多样性bioengineering 生物工程biomass 生物量bioretention ponds 生物滞留池boardwalks 栈桥bonding company 担保公司bonuses 奖金boundary definition 边界确定boundary survey 边界测量brown fields 褐色土地bulldozers 推土机business development 商业开发business parks 商业园区cadastral survey 地籍测量camping 野营cesspools 化粪池,污水坑,污水渗井,粪坑change orders 变更单changes, unauthorized 未经同意的变更channels, stormwater 雨水沟渠,槽,渠道circulation control 循环控制circulation patterns 环流模式clay lenses 粘土防渗层clay soil 粘土clean-up 清扫,清理,清除,提纯,净化cluster treatment systems 集中式污水处理系统cold 寒带collected rainwater 收集起来的雨水collector streets 次干道colloidal soil 胶质土壤commercial center design 商业中心设计communication 电信community commercial 社区商业community facility standards 社区设施标准community parks and recreation planning data 社区公园和文娱体育规划资料community scale 社区尺度community standards 社区标准compaction 压实competition pools 竞赛用游泳池composting toilets 堆肥厕所conceptualization 概念化concrete crib wall 混凝土格笼墙cones of vision 视锥connected imperviousness 连续的非渗透地面conservation standards 保护标准constructed wetlands 人工湿地construction 施工brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏types of 类型unauthorized changes 未经同意的变更板design requirements 设计要求estimating design load 估算设计荷载framing method 结构方法plank-and-beam framing 厚木板梁框架platform framing 平台框架material 材料hardware 五金件wood 木料,木材site analysis 场地分析span tables 跨度表structural design 结构设计decks, function of 平台的功能deferred maintenance 延期维修(维护)demolition, general 整体破坏demolition ,selective 选择性破坏density 密度design development 设计扩初,设计深化design framework 设计框架design impacts 设计影响design quality 设计质量design speed 设计速度detail scale 细部尺度detention ponds 滞留池development 开发industrial. See industrial development 工业,见工业开发residential. See residential development 居住,见居住开发development programming 开发计划development types, industrial and business 开发类型,工业和商业dimensional Criteria 标注标准dimensions 标注dimension of human figures 人体尺度direct labor 直接人工费disconnected imperviousness 不连续的非渗透地面disposal 处理,处置,排除,清除DL. See direct labor DL.见直接人工费drainage 排水,流域面积,排洪,排水系统drinking water 饮用水dry detention ponds 干滞池durability 耐久性EEames, Charles and Ray 查理•埃姆斯和雷earthwork 土方ecological impact 生态影响economic impact 经济影响edge habitat 边缘栖息地edge restraint 边缘限制endwalls 尾墙energy 能量environmental impact statement (EIS) 环境影响报告书(EIS)scoping process 确定范围程序environmental modification 环境修复equipment costs 设备费equipment crew costs 设备人工费equivalents 相等物,等同物estimating 估算stormwater runoff 雨水径流[量]estimating water flows 估算水流量evaluation 评价evapotranspiration rate 土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率exotic plant species 外来植物物种eye levels 视平线fabric reinforcement 纤维加固,织物加强件facilities planning data 设施规划数据feasibility planning 可行性规划federal regulations 联邦规范flood protection 防洪historic preservation 历史保留National Environmental Policy Act(NEPA)国家环境政策法案(NEPA)NPDES general permits NPDES一般性许可Section 10 permit 第10条许可Section 404 permit 第404条许可fee 费用cost plus fixed 固定费用之和lump sum 总数,总合retainer 律师费fences and walls 栅栏和围墙fences, wood and metal 栅栏,木栅栏和金属栅栏components 组分,内容construction 施工aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑structural considerations 结构方面的考虑field orders 现场通知单field sports 田径运动field surfaces 田径运动场地面field surveys 现场测量fill operations 填方工程fill, general 一般性填方filter strips 滤器,滤池,过滤,滤水filtration 过滤filtration systems 过滤系统finish grading 设计标高flexible pavement 柔性地面铺装flood protection 防洪follow ups 连续footage 尺长footcandle 英尺烛光footing drains 基座处排水,立足点排水footings 立足点forward spatial bubblesfoundations 基础fragmentation 破碎Freeway or Distributor Systems 高速路或分配者系统French drains 法式排水friction coefficient 摩擦系数frost depth 结冻深度,冰冻深度frost-thaw cycle 结冻-融化周期functional requirement 功能要求garden pool 花园游泳池general conditions 一般情况general contractor 总承包商general demolition 整体破坏general fill 总填方general requirements 一般要求general requirements costs 一般要求的费用general roadway standards 一般道路标准geodetic survey 测地学测量GIS 地理信息系统golf and driving ranges 高尔夫和高尔夫练习场grading 场地平整granular soil粒状土壤gravity wall 重力墙graywater 灰水greenfields 绿色用地,绿色土地ground covers 地被植物groundwater protection 地下水保护groundwater recharge 地下水补给groundwater resources 地下水资源,地下水储量growing season 生长期hand level 手动水平仪handrailings 扶手hazardous plants 有毒植物headwalls 头墙heavy duty 重型的,责任重大的herbaceous plants 草本植物highway 高速公路historic preservation 历史保留horizontal alignment 平面设计hot arid 炎热干燥hot humid 炎热潮湿。
园林专业英语考试and
园林专业英语考试andI.Vocabulary and Structure(Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions,2 points for each one,total is 20 points).1.The heritage of garden art can make a()contribution towards general cultural education.It is of quite special importance for professional training since it contains the grammar of landscape design from the earliest beginnings up to modern times.A.biggerB.greaterC.considerableD.enough2.In garden terms a strict“conserve as found”,or preservation,policy is rarely appropriate because of the()of the principal medium,the plants.A.very long timeB.ephemeralityC.transitorinessD.transiency3.The history of life on earth has been a historyof()between living things and their surroundings.A.interactionB.relation ofC.relationshipD.connection4.()the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight.A.HoweverB.ConsideringC.InspiteD.Although5.Considered as materials,all plants have definite potentialities and each plant has an inherent quality which will inevitably express itself.An intelligent landscape design can evolve only()a profound knowledge of,and sensitivity to,materials.A.fromB.betweenC.amongD.upon6.The layout of these landscape designs may have survived,but the planting will have changed many times through age and fashion,and because the provision for planting did notfavour the()of the plants.A.productionB.yieldC.reproductionD.regeneration7.These steps of the design process represent an ideal sequence of events.Many of the()overlap one another and blend together so the neat ordering of the outline is less clear and apparentA.foot paceB.stepsC.stepdder8.Each project represents a unique set of circumstances and,therefore,()a different method for proceeding through the design process.A.requiredB.requiresC.requireD.requiring9.Park projects would civilize and()the national character,foster the love of rural beauty and increase theknowledge of and taste for rare and beautiful trees and plants.A.refinedB.refineC.designedD.design10.The case for public parks in the 19th century was built largely on the same concerns()that for improved housing.A.soB.intoC.asD.likeII.True or False Questions.(Select T if the statement is true,select F if it is false.2 points for each one,total is 10 points).11.ICOM is the abbreviation of International Council of Museums.()A.TB.F12.UNESCO is the abbreviation of United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization.()A.TB.F13.The IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments,which met in Venice from May 25th to 31st 1964.()A.TB.F14.As the new day breaks,the city lights fade,overpowered by the light of the sun;blue seas and green forests and grasslands emerge,surrounding and penetrating the vast urban constellations.()A.TB.F15.In the preliminary master plan all elements of the design are put together and studied in association with one another in a realistic,semicomplete graphic manner.()A.TB.FIII.Cloze test(Please fill in the blanks of the following passages with proper words or phases given below.2 points for each one,total is 20 points).1.As an(16),the extent and type of information sought during the site analysis should directly(17)on the character and complexity of concepts prepared in a later phase.Likewise,one may find it necessary to revisit the site or talk to the(18)again once the design phase itself has been started because some item of information was overlooked the first time or one’s memory and(19)simply need refreshing.And sometimes it helps to revisit the site after starting the design phase because then the designer can look at the site with experience and greater understanding of what limitations or opportunities are present.In other words,no one step of the(20)process occurs independently of the others.A.designB.impressionC.dependD.illustrationE.client2.While the practitioners of the English(21)of Landscape were using a limited range of plant species,a few botanical gardens and,of course,the traditional cottage(22)contained a wider range.Certainly by the end of the first quarter of the 18th century,the importation of exotics into Britain from abroad had(23),especially from North American.In 17XX the collection at Whitton,near Hounslow,listed 342 different plant species,and by 1768 the Royal garden at Kew had over 3000different(24)with the precise figure of 5535 in 17XX.More interesting to planting design,however,was the record of Dr.John Fothergill’s garden laid out in 1762 at Upton House,East Ham,because this included a wild area in which hardy exotics successfully naturalized.Dr.Fothergill also(25) alpine plants.F.gardenmencedH.SchoolI.cultivatedJ.speciesIV.Reading comprehension questions(2 points for each one,total is 20 points).1.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In 1887 a professor of mental and moral philosophy,Grant Allen,published an analysis of aesthetics called Physiological Aesthetics.Today this little classic is virtually forgotten, but if a copy can be found,I commend it to all.The aesthetic conclusions were geared to the emotions of the day and to us now seem horribly sentimental,but the scientific method is unanswerable.It explains the hostility of modern man to what he feels is a soul-less,machine-made environment,and is a basicguide to landscape.From this primitive treasure house my own first choice is the power of stereoscopic vision to create feeling as well as sight in environment,how we can and should design for it,and how a felt foreground will connect our psyche to middle and far distance.But of course the perceptions are only a technical part in the long manufacture of the emotions in that marvellous green and restless habitat.In a period described as the golden age of the mammals,we were vegetarian, peace-loving and monarchs.No wonder the irrational parts of us hanker for that carefree if cruel existence,which created our basic sense of beauty and subconsciously inspires most private gardens today.26.A good title for this passage is().A.Physiological aestheticsB.Aesthetic development in landscape architectureC.the history of physiological aesthetics.D.the history of landscape.27.The word“geared”in the paragraph means().A.To become adjusted so as to fit or blendB.To equip with gears.C.To connect by gears.D.To put into gear.28.The word“stereoscopic”in the paragraph means().A.relating to seeing space three-dimensionally as a result of binocular disparity.B.formed by a stereoscopeC.relating to a stereoscopeD.of a stereoscope29.The word“vegetarian”in the paragraph means().A.a person who advocates or practises vegetarianismB.CookeryC.consisting of vegetables and fruit onlyD.Consisting primarily or wholly of vegetables and vegetable products30.The word“monarch”in the paragraph means().A.peopleB.humanC.studentD.animal2.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ruins must be maintained and measures necessary for the permanent conservation and protection of architectural features and of objects discovered must be taken. Furthermore, every means must be taken to facilitate the understanding ofthe monument and to reveal it without ever distorting its meaning.All reconstruction work should however be ruled out “a priori”.Only anastylosis,that is to say,the reassembling of existing but dismembered parts can be permitted.The material used for integration should always be recognizable and its use should be the least that will ensure the conservation of a monument and the reinstatement of its form.31.The word“ruin”in the paragraph means().A.something that is severely damagedB.a person who has suffered a downfallC.destroyed or decayed building or townD.loss of value or usefulness32.The word“conservation”in the paragraph means().A.protection,preservation,and careful management of natural resources and of theenvironment B.maintenance C.The maintenance of a physical quantity D.the principles of democracy33.The word“anastylosis”in the paragraph means().A.reassemblyB.archaeology,C.repeatD.reproduce34.The word“dismembered”in the paragraph means().A.to remove the limbs or members ofB.to cut to piecesC.to divide or partitionD.dissected35.The word“reinstatement”in the paragraph means().A.restorationB.recoverC.restartD.conversationV.Translation(Please translate the following passages into Chinese.10 points for each one,total is 30 points).1.The master plan,the next step in the design process,isa refinement of the preliminary master plan.After gaining the reactions of the client from the preliminary master plan,the designer may need to revise and restudy certain portions of the proposal.With these changes included,the designer once again draws the site plan in a presentable fashion.One of the primary differences between a preliminary master plan and a master plan,in addition to the necessary design revisions,is the graphic style of each.While the preliminary master plan is drawn in loose,freehand,yet legible manner,the master plan istypically drawn with more control and refinement,as in Figure.9.1.Rather than drawn entirely freehand,the master plan may have certain parts such as the property line,building outline,and edges of hard structural elements (walls, terrace, walks,decks,etc.)drafted with a triangle and T-square. However, other elements such as plant materials are still drawn freehand. To give the plan a controlled appearance,more time is usually spent drawing the master plan compared with the preliminary master plan.2.Modern urban problems are no different,in essence,from those that plagued ancient cities,execpt in degree,in the toxicity and persistence of new contaminants,and in the extent of the earth that is now urbanized.Even those who have sought to introduce nature to the city in the form of parks and gardens have frequently viewed the city as something foreign to nature,have seen themselves as bringing a piece of nature to the city.3.The cypress avenue was another form of planting and directed attention to a view beyond the garden or to some feature in the garden,and to a certain extent reduced the strong visual effect of planting arranged to form a pattern.The association between the landscape designs of the Far East andthe natural landscape is familiar to those interested in the history of landscapes,especially in the stylized simulation of mountain and river landscapes,and also the philosophy embodied in this association.。
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The practice and theory of Landscape Architecture 景观规划设计理论【1】Landscape Architecture involves the five major components:They are natural process, human factors, methodology, technology, and values,whatever the scale or emphasis of operation,these five components are consistently relevant.Social and nature factors clearly permeate every facet of a profession that is concerned with people and land. Problem solving,planning,and design methods apply at all scales.Good judgment is consistently required.风景园林设计包含五个主要方面:自然进程、社会进程、方法论、技术、价值观,无论规模尺度或运作的重点各不相同,这五个要素一贯是相关的。
社会因素和自然因素的因子充斥着这个关系到人与土地的领域的方方面面。
解决问题,规划、设计方法都会用到所有的尺度。
正确的判断判断是一贯必须的。
【2】Consider how natural factors data are relevant to both planning and design.At the regional scale, the impact of development or change in use on a landscape must be known and evaluated before a policy to allow such action is set.An inventory of the natural factors,including geology, soils, hydrology, topography, climate, vegetation and wildlife, and the ecological relationships between them is fundamental to and understanding of the ecosystem to which change is contemplated.Equally important is an analysis of visual quality .Land usepolicy can thus be made on the basis of the known vulnerability of resistance of the landscape.In other circumstances the natural processes which add up to a given landscape at a give moment in its evolution may,as at Grand Canyon and other unique places, be considered a resource to be preserved, protected, and managed as a public trust.On a smaller scale,soil and geological conditions may be critical in the determination of the cost and the form of building foundations: where it is most suitable to build and where it is not.Sun, wind, and rain are important factors of design where the development of comfort zones for human activity or the growth of plants is a primary objective.Thus,in many ways natural factors influence land use, site planning, and detailer design.自然因素的考虑与规划和设计都有关系。
在区域尺度上,关于利用方面的开发变化的影响,在政策制定之前,必须了解和评估景观的脆弱性和敏感性。
详细的自然因素,包括地质的、土壤的、水文的、地形地貌的、气候的、植被的和野生动物的、以及它们之间的生态关系是理解它将要改变的生态系统的基础。
同样重要的是视觉质量的分析。
土地利用政策的基础是由于了解到景观的脆弱性和抗损性的基础上建立的。
在某些发展进化的过程中,一些在特定的时刻作用到特定的景观的自然进程会产生一些公共资源,比如科罗拉多大峡谷,让我们后人去保护它和管理它。
在小尺度上,土壤和地质条件是决定建筑的成本和建筑基础形态的关键要素——哪里适宜建立以及哪里不适宜。
设计是为人类发展活动找到适宜的空间或者以植物的生长为主要目标,因此,,风和雨是设计最重要的要素。
因此,场地和区域的自然要素在景观规划和设计的许多过程当中相互作用。
【3】The social factors apply equally at various scales.In site planning and landscape design,cultural variation in the use and appreciation of open space and parks and the physical and social needs of the young and old are some of the many variables to be considered in a design process that aims to be responsive to social values and human needs.In decisions relates to appropriation of landscape for recreation and aesthetic value people’s perception of the environment and the behavioral patterns understand the impact of environment on behavior and also appreciate the basic human need to manipulate and control the environment.社会因素也同样应用在不同尺度上。
在场地规划设计中,对开放空间和公园使用和喜好上的文化差异和年轻人与老年人的生理和社会需求,是以创造社会价值和满足人们需求为目的的设计过程中需要考虑的众多因素当中的一部分。
为了游憩或者景观价值而投资的决策价值和人的行为模式是息息相关的,设计师必须了解环境对人类行为的影响,同时还要意识到人类对于操纵和控制环境的最基本的人类需求,这两点是非常重要的。
【4】Technology is the means by which a design is implemented or on which a policy depends.Some of it changes year by year as new materials,machinery, and techniques are developed.Specific areas of technology include plants, planting and ecological succession, soil science,hydrology and sewage treatment, microclimate control, surface drainage,erosion control, hard surfaces, and maintenance.工业技术是技术得以实施或政策得以指定的基础,随着每年材料、机器、技术的提高,它们在三种景观规划设计当中的作用是清楚的。
具体的技术领域,包括植物栽培和生态进程、土壤科学、水文、污水处理、小气候控制、地表排水、侵蚀控制、道路铺装和维护保养。
【5】设计方法的使用是一个过程,在这个过程中,所有相关的要素和变量都得到了评价,并且对解决问题的过程产生影响。
在这个过程中,制图技术、分析技术和标识系统发挥了重要作用。
有一个由霍普林提出来的针对创新过程的评价方法值得推荐,他指出像在音乐和舞蹈比赛中使用的打分法一样,使得设计过程更加公开化、可视化。
这种方法能允许更多的人参与到设计和政策制定的过程中,并且使大尺度的复杂环境的设计形成更多新的方法,使设计方案更加人性化。
【6】把上述五大要素结合起来的目的是为了搭建一个基础,使得在这个基础上编制的规划方案和详细设计方案,能够满足人们的行为方式,并适应环境的条件特征。
因为这两者(行为方式和环境特征)是会随着文化区域和邻里关系而产生差异的,所以不可能有一劳永逸的设计方案。
在复杂问题的判断中,对于自然和社会的分析是关键的。
从而编制出一个合适的设计形态和平面关系。
【7】设计的过程可以比作创造了设计上最伟大景观的原始造型过程,(设计的目的是为了让形态的发展及它们之间的相互关系更符合人们的需求,)山脊与山谷,充满水的盆地,山峰都反映了地质结构和外力侵蚀的相互作用,我们现在看见的地表形态是无机物在强加于它之上的外界风化作用的结果。
从南坡到北坡,从草地到高原,从山谷到乱石堆的植被覆盖的差异是由于景观分异造成的不同环境条件的反映,生物的分布也是受到植被的类型和它的分布的影响,任何结果都是有原因的。
所有都不可逆转的落入到一个持续的发展的生态系统当中。
它反映在某个时期特定的时段,自然力和自然过程的意志。
这种潜在的、改变地形的强大力量和绝心,正是景观规划和设计师追求的目标。
ON GARDEN 说园【1】The best gardens are much more than an assortment of beautiful plants.Successful gardens generally represent a careful Integration of diverse elements, ranging from the purely ornamental to the strictly functional. Paths, pools, planters, trellises, arbors, fountains,and fences can contribute enormously to the creation of an exciting and harmonious garden.The same attention one bring to decorating a home and making it “livable” can be used to make a garden a pleasant place to find Privacy, to meditate, and to escape the pressures of a fast-moving,machine-oriented world.最好的园林不仅是一个各式各样美丽植物的集合。