文学文本翻译

句（4）这是黄河滩上的一幕。 a curtain; a screen; an act; an episode; a scenario Vs. a scene; a view; a sight; a landscape 句（5）牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。 shepherd Vs. the sheep owner; the sheep keeper; the sheep watcher; the sheep host; the cowboy in charge of the sheep; the person who these sheep belong to .
3.1.2 显义隐译 “一群羊正在低头觅食”： (1)… a group of sheep were lowering their heads to look for food. (2)… some sheep were seeking food with their heads low. (3).. a flock of sheep were grazing. 原文“低头觅食”重心在“觅食”上，译文（1） 重心在“低头”上，改变了“景象”的主次关系， 译文(2) 重心在“觅食”上，但意境不美。（1） lowering their heads to look for food （2） seeking food with their heads low都显得“缺 少食物”，“垂头丧气”。 Eat grass; feed; browse; graze译文（3）显义隐译，运用“减词” 和“转换”，恰当地译出了原文的意境。
3.2 重原语（SL-oriented）与重译语(TLoriented) 在由于直译表达不合适或不自然而影响语篇意境的 情况下，往往可以采取意译。 句(2)它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼 这美丽的黄昏。 to raise their heads to have a look at? to look up at? 句(6)只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。 leisurely and carefree; free and unrestrained; free and easy? freely; free; unmolested?
TEM-8 2007 暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色 混合在一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。 （1）也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河 湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。（2）它们几 乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的 黄昏。（3）也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回 家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。（4）这是黄河滩上 的一幕。（5）牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处 歇息。(6)只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这 个黄昏。(7)这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚 滚的。（8）如果走近了，你会发现他们洁白 的牙齿，以及那丰富而单纯的表情。
In the twilight, a myriad of rosy clouds were shining upon the sky, with which the sky blended in one color that it was hard to tell the clouds from the water. Adding an animate touch to sheep at browse on the riverside, too occupied to look up at the beautiful dusk. It seemed that they were seizing the day to snatch one more feed before heading home. This is a scene on the
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句(7)这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的。 The water grass is fat beautiful? The water and grass were fertile? There was such abundant grass? The grass here was so good? Thanks for the water and grass of this fertile land? 汉语里有丰富的四字成语，这些成语以具体的形象 描摹状物和明理言志，这些形象化的表达在英语中 往往是相对抽象的概念。“水草肥美”按具体字面 直译往往会顾此失彼，恰当的英语表达法是 rich pastures 肥滚滚 strong and fat? round and fat? fat and healthy? The sheep grow fat like balls? The sheep grow fat as round as a ball? The sheep grow fat and rolling? The sheep grew fat on the rich pastures.
汉英句法结构美与翻译
（1）也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔， 一群羊正在低头觅食。（2）它们几乎没有一个顾 得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。 Compare: (1) It was right beside this marvelous picture, and alongside the river that a herd of sheep were feeding on the ground. Hardly any of them spared some time to look up to this beautiful dusk. (2) Just by the side of this fascinating picture, some sheep were seeking food at the bank of the river with their heads low, almost none of them willing to spare any time to look up at this beautiful evening scene.
句(6)只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。 Compare: (1) Only these creatures are left here to enjoy the evening freely. (2) These were the only creatures enjoying the free dusk. 句(7)这儿水草肥美，让它们长得滚滚的。 Compare: (1)There was abundant grass here. The sheep grew strong and fat. (2)The grass here was so good as to make each one of them round and fat. (3)The sheep grew fat on the rich grassland.
“觅食” (1) look for food; (2) seek food; (3) hunt for food? 句（3）也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后 一刻再次咀嚼。 Compare: (1) Probably, they intend to enjoy chewing the delicious grass till the last minute before they go back home, wishing to make full use of every second. (2) Perhaps they want to grasp the opportunity for the last moment masticating before going home. Masticate源于拉丁语和希腊语，语体更正式，用 在此处不如chew自然。
汉英词汇语义美与翻译
句（1）也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之 畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。 Some sheep; a herd of sheep; the cattle of sheep; a crowd of sheep; a term of sheep; a group of sheep; 汉语一个量词在英语中常有许多相应的名词来表达 相应的概念。 A group of people; a herd of cattle; a flock of sheep; a pack of wolves; a swarm of bees. 试卷中出现的a pack of sheep把羊变成了“狼”， a gang of sheep 把羊变成了“盗贼”，a swarm of sheep把羊变成了“昆虫”。
(3) Beside this splendid picture a flock of sheep were browsing on the riverside, too occupied to look up at the beautiful dusk.
句（5）牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。(6) 只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。 Compare: (1) The shepherd is gone. No one knows where he has gone for shelter. Only these creatures are left here to enjoy the evening freely. (2) The shepherd resting somewhere could not be seen. These were the only creatures enjoying the free dusk. (3) The shepherd who was taking a rest was nowhere to be seen, leaving the flock unmolested to enjoy the evening.
(6)只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。 creatures Vs. these sheep; living things; the living animals; life souls; living lives; living spirits; survivors; spirits. 句（8）如果走近了，你会发现他们洁白的牙齿， 以及那丰富而单纯的表情。 see; find; discover? rich; varied; various. simple; innocent; naïve; pure rich and innocent expressions
汉语语用意境美与翻译
3.1 隐义显译与显义隐译 隐义显译与显义隐译是翻译处理信息的 两种方法，与此相关的术语是“增词”与 “减词”。文学翻译中隐义显译与显义隐 译的目的是为了捕捉意象和意境这种高度 模糊的审美信息。
3.1 隐义显译 句（1）也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之 畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。 (1) Just by the side of this beautiful picture at the bank of the river a group of sheep were lowering their heads to look for food. (2) Adding an animate touch to one side of this splendid picture were a flock of sheep at browse on the riverside. (参考译文) Adding an animate touch是根据语境增词，属 “隐义显译”，把语篇由静到动，由远到近，画中 有画，画外有画的意境恰当地显现出来了。