2009年上海中考数学试卷分析2

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依据《数学课程标准》 展现素质教育精神——2009年中考数学试卷分析与研究

依据《数学课程标准》 展现素质教育精神——2009年中考数学试卷分析与研究
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2009年上海市中考数学及答案

2009年上海市中考数学及答案

12009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数 学 卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)考生注意:1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题;2.答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效.3.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上.】 1.计算32()a 的结果是( ) A .5aB .6aC .8aD .9a2.不等式组1021x x +>⎧⎨-<⎩,的解集是( )A .1x >-B .3x <C .13x -<<D .31x -<<3.用换元法解分式方程13101x x x x --+=-时,如果设1x y x-=,将原方程化为关于y 的整式方程,那么这个整式方程是( ) A .230y y +-= B .2310y y -+=C .2310y y -+=D .2310y y --=4.抛物线22()y x m n =++(m n ,是常数)的顶点坐标是( ) A .()m n ,B .()m n -,C .()m n -,D .()m n --,5.下列正多边形中,中心角等于内角的是( )A .正六边形B .正五边形C .正四边形 C .正三边形 6.如图1,已知AB CD EF ∥∥,那么下列结论正确的是( )A .AD BCDF CE = B .BC DFCE AD =C .CD BCEF BE= D .CD ADEF AF= 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)A B D C E F图12【请将结果直线填入答题纸的相应位置】 7.分母有理化:81=的根是 .9.如果关于x 的方程20x x k -+=(k 为常数)有两个相等的实数根,那么k = .10.已知函数1()1f x x =-,那么(3)f = . 11.反比例函数2y x=图像的两支分别在第 象限.12.将抛物线2y x =向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是 .13.如果从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,那么小明被选中的概率是 .14.某商品的原价为100元,如果经过两次降价,且每次降价的百分率都是m ,那么该商品现在的价格是 元(结果用含m 的代数式表示).15.如图2,在ABC △中,AD 是边BC 上的中线,设向量 , 如果用向量a ,b 表示向量AD ,那么AD =16.在圆O 中,弦AB 的长为6,它所对应的弦心距为4,那么半径OA = .17.在四边形ABCD 中,对角线AC 与BD 互相平分,交点为O .在不添加任何辅助线的前提下,要使四边形ABCD 成为矩形,还需添加一个条件,这个条件可以是 .18.在Rt ABC △中,903BAC AB M ∠==°,,为边BC 上的点,联结AM (如图3所示).如果将ABM △沿直线AM 翻折后,点B 恰好落在边AC 的中点处,那么点M 到AC 的距离是 . 三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.(本题满分10分)计算:22221(1)121a a a a a a +-÷+---+.20.(本题满分10分)解方程组:21220y x x xy -=⎧⎨--=⎩,①.②图2AA 图3B M C=BC b =AB a =321.(本题满分10分,每小题满分各5分)如图4,在梯形ABCD 中,86012AD BC AB DC B BC ==∠==∥,,°,,联结AC . (1)求tan ACB ∠的值;(2)若M N 、分别是AB DC 、的中点,联结MN ,求线段MN 的长.22.(本题满分10分,第(1)小题满分2分,第(2)小题满分3分,第(3)小题满分2分,第(4)小题满分3分)为了了解某校初中男生的身体素质状况,在该校六年级至九年级共四个年级的男生中,分别抽取部分学生进行“引体向上”测试.所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数情况如表一所示;各年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率如图5所示(其中六年级相关数据未标出).表一根据上述信息,回答下列问题(直接写出结果): (1)六年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率是 ;(2)在所有被测试者中,九年级的人数是 ; (3)在所有被测试者中,“引体向上”次数不小于6的人数所占的百分率是 ;(4)在所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数中,众数是 .23.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分)已知线段AC 与BD 相交于点O ,联结AB DC 、,E 为OB的中点,F 为OC 的中点,联结EF (如图6所示).(1)添加条件A D ∠=∠,OEF OFE ∠=∠,求证:AB DC =.(2)分别将“A D ∠=∠”记为①,“OEF OFE ∠=∠”记为②,“AB DC =”记为③,添加条件①、③,以②为结论构成命题1,添加条件②、③,以①为结论构成命题2.命题1是 命题,命题2是 命题(选择“真”或“假”填入空格). 24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各4分)A D C图4 B 九年级 八年级 七年级六年级 25%30%25% 图5 图6 O D CAB E F4在直角坐标平面内,O 为原点,点A 的坐标为(10),,点C 的坐标为(04),,直线CM x ∥轴(如图7所示).点B 与点A 关于原点对称,直线y x b =+(b 为常数)经过点B ,且与直线CM 相交于点D ,联结OD .(1)求b 的值和点D 的坐标; (2)设点P 在x 轴的正半轴上,若POD △是等腰三角形,求点P 的坐标; (3)在(2)的条件下,如果以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切,求圆O 的半径.25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知9023ABC AB BC AD BC P ∠===°,,,∥,为线段BD 上的动点,点Q 在射线AB 上,且满足PQ ADPC AB=(如图8所示). (1)当2AD =,且点Q 与点B 重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC 的长; (2)在图8中,联结AP .当32AD =,且点Q 在线段AB 上时,设点B Q 、之间的距离为x ,APQ PBCS y S =△△,其中APQ S △表示APQ △的面积,PBC S △表示PBC △的面积,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域;(3)当AD AB <,且点Q 在线段AB 的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC ∠的大小.ADPCBQ 图8DAPCB(Q ) 图9图10CADPB Qxb52009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷答案要点与评分标准说明:1. 解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法.如果考生的解法与所列解法不同,可参照解答中评分标准相应评分;2. 第一、二大题若无特别说明,每题评分只有满分或零分;3. 第三大题中各题右端所注分数,表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数;4. 评阅试卷,要坚持每题评阅到底,不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅.如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度,视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分,但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半; 5. 评分时,给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位.一.选择题:(本大题共6题,满分24分)1. B ; 2.C ; 3.A; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A . 1、2、解:解不等式①,得x >-1,解不等式②,得x <3,所以不等式组的解集为-1<x <3,故选C .3、4、5、6、二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分) 7.;8.2 x ;解:由题意知x-1=1,解得x=2. 9.14;610.-12;11.一、三;12.21y x =-;解:由“上加下减”的原则可知,将抛物线y=x 2-2向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是,y=x 2-2+1,即y=x 2-1. 故答案为:y=x2-1. 13.16;解:因为从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,可能出现的结果有6种,选中小明的可能性有一种,所以小明被选中的概率是1/ 6 .14.2)1(100m -;解:第一次降价后价格为100(1-m ),第二次降价是在第一次降价后完成的,所以应为100(1-m )(1-m ),即100(1-m )2.15.b a 21+;解:因为向量 AB = a , BC = b ,根据平行四边形法则,可得: AB = a , BC = b , AC = AB + BC =a+b ,又因为在△ABC 中,AD 是BC 边上的中线,所以16.5;17.AC BD =(或︒=∠90ABC 等); 解:∵对角线AC 与BD 互相平分, ∴四边形ABCD 是平行四边形, 要使四边形ABCD 成为矩形,需添加一个条件是:AC=BD 或有个内角等于90度. 18. 2.7三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.解:原式=2)1()1)(1(111)1(2-+--+⋅-+a a a a a a ··········································· (7分) =1112-+--a a a ······································································· (1分) =11--a a·············································································· (1分)=1-. ················································································ (1分) 20.解:由方程①得1+=x y , ③ ························································ (1分)将③代入②,得02)1(22=-+-x x x , ·········································· (1分)整理,得022=--x x , ······························································ (2分) 解得1221x x ==-,, ·································································· (3分) 分别将1221x x ==-,代入③,得1230y y ==,, ·························· (2分)所以,原方程组的解为1123x y =⎧⎨=⎩,; 2210.x y =-⎧⎨=⎩,····································· (1分) 21.解:(1) 过点A 作BC AE ⊥,垂足为E . ··········································· (1分)在Rt △ABE 中,∵︒=∠60B ,8=AB , ∴460cos 8cos =︒⨯=⋅=B AB BE , ·············································· (1 分)3460sin 8sin =︒⨯=⋅=B AB AE . ·················································· (1分)∵12=BC ,∴8=EC . ······························································· (1 分) 在Rt △AEC 中,23834tan ===∠EC AE ACB . ··································· (1分) (2) 在梯形ABCD 中,∵DC AB =,︒=∠60B ,∴︒=∠=∠60B DCB . ········································································ (1分) 过点D 作BC DF ⊥,垂足为F ,∵︒=∠=∠90AEC DFC ,∴DF AE //. ∵BC AD //,∴四边形AEFD 是平行四边形.∴EF AD =. ···················· (1分) 在Rt △DCF 中, 460cos 8cos =︒⨯=∠⋅=DCF DC FC , ···················· (1分) ∴4=-=FC EC EF .∴4=AD . ∵M 、N 分别是AB 、DC 的中点,∴821242=+=+=BC AD MN . ······· (2分)822.(1) %20; ················································································· (2分) (2) 6; ··················································································· (3分) (3) %35; ················································································ (2分) (4) 5. ······················································································ (3分)23.(1) 证明:OFE OEF ∠=∠ ,∴OF OE =. ··································································· (1分) ∵E 为OB 的中点,F 为OC 的中点, ∴OE OB 2=,OF OC 2=. ············································· (1分) ∴OC OB =. ··································································· (1分) ∵D A ∠=∠,DOC AOB ∠=∠,∴△AOB ≌△DOC . ························································ (2分) DC AB =∴. ··································································· (1分) (2) 真; ························································································ (3分) 假. ··························································································· (3分)24.解:(1) ∵点A 的坐标为(10),,点B 与点A 关于原点对称,∴点B 的坐标为(10)-,. ································································· (1分) ∵直线b x y +=经过点B ,∴01=+-b ,得1=b . ··························· (1分) ∵点C 的坐标为(04),,直线x CM //轴,∴设点D 的坐标为(4)x ,. ······· (1分) ∵直线1+=x y 与直线CM 相交于点D ,∴3=x .∴D 的坐标为(34),.…(1分)(2) ∵D 的坐标为(34),,∴5=OD . ··············································· (1分) 当5==OD PD 时,点P 的坐标为(60),; ····································· (1分) 当5==OD PO 时,点P 的坐标为(50),, ····································· (1分) 当PD PO = 时,设点P 的坐标为(0)x ,)0(>x ,∴224)3(+-=x x ,得625=x ,∴点P 的坐标为25(0)6,. ··········· (1分) 综上所述,所求点P 的坐标是(60),、(50),或25(0)6,.(3) 当以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切时,若点P 的坐标为(60),,则圆P 的半径5=PD ,圆心距6=PO , ∴圆O 的半径1=r . ····································································· (2分) 若点P 的坐标为(50),,则圆P 的半径52=PD ,圆心距5=PO ,∴圆O 的半径525-=r . ·························································· (2分) 综上所述,所求圆O 的半径等于1或525-.25.解:(1) ∵BC AD //, ∴DBC ADB ∠=∠.∵2==AB AD ,∴ADB ABD ∠=∠.∴ABD DBC ∠=∠. ∵︒=∠90ABC .∴︒=∠45PBC . ················································ (1分)∵ABADPC PQ =,AB AD =,点Q 与点B 重合,∴PC PQ PB ==. ∴︒=∠=∠45PBC PCB . ······························································ (1分) ∴︒=∠90BPC . ········································································· (1分)9在Rt △BPC 中,22345cos 3cos =︒⨯=⋅=C BC PC . ···················· (1分) (2) 过点P 作BC PE ⊥,AB PF ⊥,垂足分别为E 、F . ···················· (1分)∴︒=∠=∠=∠90BEP FBE PFB .∴四边形FBEP 是矩形. ∴BC PF //,BF PE =.∵BC AD //,∴AD PF //.∴ABADBF PF =. ∵23=AD ,2=AB ,∴43=PE PF . ················································ (1分) ∵x QB AB AQ -=-=2,3=BC ,∴22APQ x S PF -=△,32PBC S PE =△.∴42x S S PBC APQ -=∆∆,即42x y -= . ················································· (2分) 函数的定义域是0≤x ≤87. ··························································· (1分)(3) 过点P 作BC PM ⊥,AB PN ⊥,垂足分别为M 、N .易得四边形PNBM 为矩形,∴BC PN //,BN PM =,︒=∠90MPN .∵BC AD //,∴AD PN //.∴AB AD BN PN =.∴ABADPM PN =. ·············· (1分) ∵AB AD PC PQ =,∴PCPQ PM PN =. ······················································ (1分) 又∵︒=∠=∠90PNQ PMC ,∴Rt △PCM ∽Rt △PQN . ··············· (1分) ∴QPN CPM ∠=∠. ··································································· (1分) ∵︒=∠90MPN ,∴︒=∠=∠+∠=∠+∠90MPN QPM QPN QPM CPM , 即︒=∠90QPC . ········································································· (1分)。

2009年上海市普陀区初中数学二模卷试题及参考答案【纯word版,完美打印】

2009年上海市普陀区初中数学二模卷试题及参考答案【纯word版,完美打印】

2008-2009学年度第二学期普陀区初三质量调研数学试卷2009.4(时间:100分钟,满分:150分)考生注意:所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成,写在试卷上不给分题 号 一 二 三 四 总 分得 分一、单项选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)[下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上] 1.下列运算正确的是……………………………………………………………………( ).(A) 221-=-; (B) 632)(mn mn = ; (C) 39±= ;(D) 426m m m =÷ . 2. 在49,a 9,25xy ,92+a ,23+x ,1.0中,是最简二次根式的个数是( ). (A) 1; (B) 2; (C) 3; (D) 4. 3.下列语句错误的是……………………………………………………………………( ).(A )如果m 、n 为实数,那么m (n a )=(mn )a;(B )如果m 、n 为实数,那么(m +n )a =m a +n a;(C )如果m 、n 为实数,那么m (a +b )=m a+ m b ;(D )如果k =0或0=a ,那么k a =0.4.顺次连结菱形的各边中点所得到的四边形是………………………………………( ).(A) 平行四边形; (B)菱形; (C) 矩形; (D)正方形. 5.下列说法中正确的是…………………………………………………………………( ).(A) 每个命题都有逆命题; (B) 每个定理都有逆定理; (C) 真命题的逆命题是真命题; (D) 真命题的逆命题是假命题.6. 给出下列关于三角形的条件:①已知三边;②已知两边及其夹角;③已知两角及其夹边;④已知两边及其中一边的对角. 利用尺规作图,能作出唯一的三角形的条件是…( ). (A) ①②③; (B) ①②④; (C) ②③④; (D) ①③④.二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)[请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置] 7.分解因式:652--x x = . 8.如果3=a ,那么a2= . 9.请你根据如图写出一个乘法公式:.a a bb(第9题)10.用科学计数法表示-0.00000628= . 11.已知方程3124-=+-x ax 的解为1=x ,那么a 2的值为 .12.不等式组⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-≥-<-3132,31x x 的解集是 .13.从数字1、2、3中任取两个不同的数字组成一个两位数,那么这个两位数小于23的概率是 .14. 某市2008年的人均GDP 约为2006年的人均GDP 的1.21倍,如果该市每年的人均GDP 增长率相同,均为x ,那么可列出方程: __.15.已知点G 是△ABC 的重心,△ABC 的面积为182cm ,那么△AGC 的面积为 2cm . 16. 某人在斜坡上走了13米,上升了5米,那么这个斜坡的坡比i = . 17.在Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,AC =5,BC =8,如果以点C 为圆心作圆,使点A 在圆C 内,点B 在圆C 外,那么圆C 半径r 的取值范围为 .18.已知圆1O 与圆2O 相切,圆1O 的半径长为3cm ,21O O =7cm ,那么圆2O 的半径长是 cm .三、解答题(本大题共7题,其中第19---22题每题10分,第23、24题每题12分,第25题14分, 满分78分)19.计算:1)41(45cos 2)1(18-+︒---π.20.解方程:2)2(-x x +2-x x -6=0.各年级人数比例分布扇形统计图九年级30%八年级25%七年级25%六年级20%21.如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,AB=DC=AD ,∠C =60°,AE ⊥BD 于点E .(1) 求∠ABD 的度数; (2) 求证:BC=2CD ; (3) 如AE =1,求梯形ABCD 的面积.22. 2008年5月,某中学开展了向四川地震灾区某小学捐赠图书活动,全校共有1200名学生,每人都捐赠了一定数量的图书.已知各年级人数比例分布扇形统计图如图1所示,学校为了了解各年级捐赠情况,从各年级中随机抽查了部分学生,进行了捐赠情况的统计调查,绘制成如图2的频数分布直方图,根据以上信息解答下列问题: (1)学校人数最少的是 年级; (2)人均捐赠图书最多的是 年级; (3)估计九年级共捐图书 册; (4)全校大约共捐图书 册. 01234567六年级七年级八年级九年级年级人均捐赠(册)A B C D E第21题23.如图,双曲线xy 5=在第一象限的一支上有一 点C (1,5),过点C 的直线0(>+-=k b kx y 与x 轴交于点A (a ,0)、与y 轴交于点B . (1)求点A 的横坐标a 与k 之间的函数关系式; (2)当该直线与双曲线在第一象限的另一交点D 的横坐标是9时,求△COD 的面积.24. 已知:如图所示,点P 是⊙O 外的一点,PB 与⊙O 相交于点A 、B ,PD 与⊙O 相 交于C 、D ,AB=CD . 求证:(1)PO 平分∠BPD ;(2)P A=PC ;(3) AE EC=.25.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,O 为原点,点A 、C 的坐标分别为(2,0)、(1,33). 将△AOC 绕AC 的中点旋转180°,点O 落到点B 的位置,抛物线x ax y 322-=经过 点A ,点D 是该抛物线的顶点.(1)求证:四边形ABCO 是平行四边形; (2)求a 的值并说明点B 在抛物线上;(3)若点P 是线段OA 上一点,且∠APD=∠OAB ,求点P 的坐标;(4) 若点P 是x 轴上一点,以P 、A 、D 为顶点作平行四边形,该平行四边形的另一顶点在y 轴 上,写出点P 的坐标.O DC PA B第24题E BCD第25题AxyO2008学年度第二学期普陀区九年级质量调研数学试卷参考答案及评分说明一、单项选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)1.(D) ; 2.(B) ; 3.(D); 4.(C) ; 5.(A) ; 6.(A) .二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7. )1)(6(+-x x ; 8. 6; 9. 2222)(b ab a b a ++=+;10. 61028.6-⨯-; 11. -1; 12.12≤<-x ;13.21; 14.21.1)1(2=+x ; 15.6; 16.1∶2.4; 17.85<<r ; 18.4或10.三、解答题(本大题共7题,其中第19---22题每题10分,第23、24题每题12分,第25题14分,满分78分)19.解: 原式=4222123+⨯--…………………………………………………………8′(各2分)=322+. …………………………………………………………………………………2′ 20.解:设y x x=-2,………………………………………………………………………………………1′ 方程转化为:062=-+y y . …………………………………………………………………2′解得:21=y ,32-=y .…………………………………………………………………………2′当21=y 时,22=-x x,解得:4=x .…………………………………………………………1′经检验:4=x 是此方程的解. ……………………………………1′当32-=y 时,32-=-x x,解得:23=x .…………………………………………………1′ 经检验:23=x 是此方程的解. …………………………………1′ 所以原方程的解是:41=x ,232=x . ………………………………………………………1′21.解:∵AD ∥BC ,………………………………………………………………………………………1′ ∴∠2=∠3.………………………………………………………………………………………1′ 又∵AB=AD , ∴∠1=∠3. ……………………………………………………………………………………1′ ∴∠1=∠2.………………………………………………………………………………………1′ ∵四边形ABCD 是梯形, AB=DC ,∠C =60°, ∴∠1=∠2=30°. ………………………………………………………………………………1′ 即∠ABD =30°. ∴∠BDC=90°.…………………………………………………………………………………1′ ∴BC=2CD .………………………………………………………………………………………1′ 又∵AE ⊥BD ,AE =1,………………………………………………………………………………1′ ∴AB=2,3=BE . …………………………………………………………………………1′ ∴CD =2,32=BD .∴3222113221⨯⨯+⨯⨯=ABCDS 梯形=33.…………………………………………1′AB CD E第21题 1 2 322.六,八,1080,5430. (2′,2′,2′,4′)23.解:(1)∵点C (1,5)在直线)0(>+-=k b kx y 上,∴b k +⋅-=15,∴5+=k b ,………………………………1′ ∴5++-=k kx y .…………………………1′ ∵点A (a ,0)在直线5++-=k kx y 上, ∴50++-=k ka .…………………………1′ ∴15+=ka .…………………………………1′ (2)∵直线与双曲线在第一象限的另一交点D 的横坐标是9,设点D (9,y ),…………………………………………………………………………1′∴95=y . ∴点D(9,95). ……………………………………………………………………………1′ 代入5++-=k kx y , 可解得:95=k ,……………………………………………………………………………1′ 95095+-=x y . ………………………………………………………………1′可得:点A(10,),点B(,950). …………………………………………………………2′ ∴BO C AO D AO B CO D S S S S ∆∆∆∆--==1950219510219501021⨯⨯-⨯⨯-⨯⨯ ………………………………………1′=)1110(95021--⨯ =)1110(95021--⨯ AOCBDxy 第23题=9200……………………………………………………………………………1′=9222.24.证明:(1)分别取弧AB 、CD 的中点M 、N ,联接OM 、ON 交PB 于点F 、交PD 于点G ,………………………………………………1′ ∴OM ⊥PB ,ON ⊥PD .……………………………………………………………………1′∵AB=CD , ∴OF=OG .……………………………………1′∴PO 平分∠BPD .……………………………1′ (2)∵PO 平分∠BPD ,∴∠1=∠2.∵OF ⊥PB ,OG ⊥PD ,∴∠3=∠4. ∴PF= P G .…………………………………1′∵AB=CD ,∴2ABAF =,2CDCG =.……………………………………………………………1′ ∴AF=CG .………………………………………………………………………………1′∴P A=PC . ………………………………………………………………………………1′(3) ∵AB=CD ,∴ AB CD=.…………………………………………………………………………1′∵OF ⊥PB ,OG ⊥PD ,∴12AM AB =, 12CNCD =. ∴ AM CN=.…………………………………………………………………………1′∵∠3=∠4,∴ MENE =.…………………………………………………………………………1′∴ AE CE=.…………………………………………………………………………1′21 O DC PA B 第24题 F G E 3 4 MN25.(1)证明:∵△AOC 绕AC 的中点旋转180°,点O 落到点B 的位置, ∴△ACO ≌△CAB . ………………………………………………………………………1′∴AO=CB,CO=AB ,……………………………………………………………………1′∴四边形ABCO 是平行四边形. …………………………………………………………1′ (2)解:∵抛物线x ax y 322-=经过点A ,点A 的坐标为(2,0),……………………………………………………………………1′∴344=-a ,解得:3=a . …………………………………………………………1′∴x x y 3232-=.∵四边形ABCO 是平行四边形,∴OA ∥CB .∵点C 的坐标为(1,33),………………………………………………………………1′ ∴点B的坐标为(3,33). ………………………………………………………………1′把3=x 代入此函数解析式,得:333639332332=-=⨯-⨯=y .∴点B 的坐标满足此函数解析式,点B 在此抛物线上. …………………………………1′∴顶点D 的坐标为(1,-3). ……………………………………………………………1′(3)联接BO ,过点B 作BE ⊥x 轴于点E , 过点D 作DF ⊥x 轴于点F .tan ∠BOE =3,tan ∠DAF=3,∴tan ∠BOE=tan ∠DAF . ∴∠BOE=∠DAF . ………………1′ ∵∠APD=∠OAB , ∴△APD ∽△OAB . ………………1′设点P 的坐标为(x ,0), ∴OBADOA AP =,∴6222=-x ,解得:34=x .………………1′∴点P 的坐标为(34,0).(4))0,1(1P ,)0,1(2-P ,3(3,0)P ……………………………………………………………2′。

2009年上海市中学考试数学及问题详解

2009年上海市中学考试数学及问题详解

实用文档文案大全2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数 学 卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)考生注意:1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题;2.答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效.3.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上.】 1.计算32()a 的结果是( ) A .5aB .6aC .8aD .9a2.不等式组1021x x +>⎧⎨-<⎩,的解集是( )A .1x >-B .3x <C .13x -<<D .31x -<<3.用换元法解分式方程13101x x x x --+=-时,如果设1x y x-=,将原方程化为关于y 的整式方程,那么这个整式方程是( ) A .230y y +-= B .2310y y -+=C .2310y y -+=D .2310y y --=4.抛物线22()y x m n =++(m n ,是常数)的顶点坐标是( ) A .()m n ,B .()m n -,C .()m n -,D .()m n --,5.下列正多边形中,中心角等于内角的是( )A .正六边形B .正五边形C .正四边形 C .正三边形 6.如图1,已知AB CD EF ∥∥,那么下列结论正确的是( )A .AD BCDF CE = B .BC DFCE AD =C .CD BCEF BE= D .CD ADEF AF= 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)A B D C E F图1实用文档文案大全【请将结果直线填入答题纸的相应位置】 7.分母有理化:81=的根是 .9.如果关于x 的方程20x x k -+=(k 为常数)有两个相等的实数根,那么k = .10.已知函数1()1f x x =-,那么(3)f = . 11.反比例函数2y x=图像的两支分别在第 象限.12.将抛物线2y x =向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是 .13.如果从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,那么小明被选中的概率是 .14.某商品的原价为100元,如果经过两次降价,且每次降价的百分率都是m ,那么该商品现在的价格是 元(结果用含m 的代数式表示).15.如图2,在ABC △中,AD 是边BC 上的中线,设向量 , 如果用向量a ,b 表示向量AD ,那么AD =16.在圆O 中,弦AB 的长为6,它所对应的弦心距为4,那么半径OA = .17.在四边形ABCD 中,对角线AC 与BD 互相平分,交点为O .在不添加任何辅助线的前提下,要使四边形ABCD 成为矩形,还需添加一个条件,这个条件可以是 .18.在Rt ABC △中,903BAC AB M ∠==°,,为边BC 上的点,联结AM (如图3所示).如果将ABM △沿直线AM 翻折后,点B 恰好落在边AC 的中点处,那么点M 到AC 的距离是 . 三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.(本题满分10分)计算:22221(1)121a a a a a a +-÷+---+.20.(本题满分10分)解方程组:21220y x x xy -=⎧⎨--=⎩,①.②图2AA 图3B M C=BC b =AB a =实用文档文案大全21.(本题满分10分,每小题满分各5分)如图4,在梯形ABCD 中,86012AD BC AB DC B BC ==∠==∥,,°,,联结AC . (1)求tan ACB ∠的值;(2)若M N 、分别是AB DC 、的中点,联结MN ,求线段MN 的长.22.(本题满分10分,第(1)小题满分2分,第(2)小题满分3分,第(3)小题满分2分,第(4)小题满分3分)为了了解某校初中男生的身体素质状况,在该校六年级至九年级共四个年级的男生中,分别抽取部分学生进行“引体向上”测试.所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数情况如表一所示;各年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率如图5所示(其中六年级相关数据未标出).表一根据上述信息,回答下列问题(直接写出结果): (1)六年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率是 ;(2)在所有被测试者中,九年级的人数是 ; (3)在所有被测试者中,“引体向上”次数不小于6的人数所占的百分率是 ;(4)在所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数中,众数是 .23.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分)已知线段AC 与BD 相交于点O ,联结AB DC 、,E 为OB的中点,F 为OC 的中点,联结EF (如图6所示).(1)添加条件A D ∠=∠,OEF OFE ∠=∠,求证:AB DC =.(2)分别将“A D ∠=∠”记为①,“OEF OFE ∠=∠”记为②,“AB DC =”记为③,添加条件①、③,以②为结论构成命题1,添加条件②、③,以①为结论构成命题2.命题1是 命题,命题2是 命题(选择“真”或“假”填入空格). 24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各4分)A D C图4 B 九年级 八年级 七年级六年级 25%30%25% 图5 图6 O D CAB E F实用文档文案大全在直角坐标平面内,O 为原点,点A 的坐标为(10),,点C 的坐标为(04),,直线CM x ∥轴(如图7所示).点B 与点A 关于原点对称,直线y x b =+(b 为常数)经过点B ,且与直线CM 相交于点D ,联结OD .(1)求b 的值和点D 的坐标; (2)设点P 在x 轴的正半轴上,若POD △是等腰三角形,求点P 的坐标; (3)在(2)的条件下,如果以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切,求圆O 的半径.25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知9023ABC AB BC AD BC P∠===°,,,∥,为线段BD 上的动点,点Q 在射线AB 上,且满足PQ ADPC AB=(如图8所示). (1)当2AD =,且点Q 与点B 重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC 的长; (2)在图8中,联结AP .当32AD =,且点Q 在线段AB 上时,设点B Q 、之间的距离为x ,APQ PBCS y S =△△,其中APQ S △表示APQ △的面积,PBC S △表示PBC △的面积,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域;(3)当AD AB <,且点Q 在线段AB 的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC ∠的大小.ADPCBQ 图8DAPCB(Q ) 图9图10CADPB Qxb实用文档文案大全2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷答案要点与评分标准说明:1. 解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法.如果考生的解法与所列解法不同,可参照解答中评分标准相应评分;2. 第一、二大题若无特别说明,每题评分只有满分或零分;3.第三大题中各题右端所注分数,表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数;4. 评阅试卷,要坚持每题评阅到底,不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅.如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度,视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分,但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半; 5. 评分时,给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位.一.选择题:(本大题共6题,满分24分)1. B ; 2.C ; 3.A; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A . 1、2、解:解不等式①,得x >-1,解不等式②,得x <3,所以不等式组的解集为-1<x <3,故选C .3、4、5、6、二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分) 7.;8.2 x ;解:由题意知x-1=1,解得x=2. 9.14;实用文档文案大全10.-12;11.一、三;12.21y x =-;解:由“上加下减”的原则可知,将抛物线y=x 2-2向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是,y=x 2-2+1,即y=x 2-1. 故答案为:y=x2-1. 13.16;解:因为从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,可能出现的结果有6种,选中小明的可能性有一种,所以小明被选中的概率是1/ 6 .14.2)1(100m -;解:第一次降价后价格为100(1-m ),第二次降价是在第一次降价后完成的,所以应为100(1-m )(1-m ),即100(1-m )2.15.b a 21+;解:因为向量 AB = a , BC = b ,根据平行四边形法则,可得: AB = a , BC = b , AC = AB + BC =a+b ,又因为在△ABC 中,AD 是BC 边上的中线,所以16.5;17.AC BD =(或︒=∠90ABC 等); 解:∵对角线AC 与BD 互相平分, ∴四边形ABCD 是平行四边形, 要使四边形ABCD 成为矩形,需添加一个条件是:AC=BD 或有个内角等于90度. 18. 2.实用文档文案大全三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.解:原式=2)1()1)(1(111)1(2-+--+⋅-+a a a a a a ··········································· (7分) =1112-+--a a a ······································································· (1分) =11--a a·············································································· (1分)=1-. ················································································ (1分) 20.解:由方程①得1+=x y , ③ ························································ (1分)将③代入②,得02)1(22=-+-x x x , ·········································· (1分)整理,得022=--x x , ······························································ (2分) 解得1221x x ==-,, ·································································· (3分) 分别将1221x x ==-,代入③,得1230y y ==,, ·························· (2分)所以,原方程组的解为1123x y =⎧⎨=⎩,; 2210.x y =-⎧⎨=⎩,····································· (1分) 21.解:(1) 过点A 作BC AE ⊥,垂足为E . ··········································· (1分)在Rt △ABE 中,∵︒=∠60B ,8=AB , ∴460cos 8cos =︒⨯=⋅=B AB BE , ·············································· (1 分)3460sin 8sin =︒⨯=⋅=B AB AE . ·················································· (1分)∵12=BC ,∴8=EC . ······························································· (1 分) 在Rt △AEC 中,23834tan ===∠EC AE ACB . ··································· (1分) (2) 在梯形ABCD 中,∵DC AB =,︒=∠60B ,∴︒=∠=∠60B DCB . ········································································ (1分) 过点D 作BC DF ⊥,垂足为F ,∵︒=∠=∠90AEC DFC ,∴DF AE //. ∵BC AD //,∴四边形AEFD 是平行四边形.∴EF AD =. ···················· (1分) 在Rt △DCF 中, 460cos 8cos =︒⨯=∠⋅=DCF DC FC , ···················· (1分) ∴4=-=FC EC EF .∴4=AD . ∵M 、N 分别是AB 、DC 的中点,∴821242=+=+=BC AD MN . ······· (2分)实用文档文案大全22.(1) %20; ················································································· (2分) (2) 6; ··················································································· (3分) (3) %35; ················································································ (2分) (4) 5. ······················································································ (3分)23.(1) 证明:OFE OEF ∠=∠ ,∴OF OE =. ··································································· (1分) ∵E 为OB 的中点,F 为OC 的中点, ∴OE OB 2=,OF OC 2=. ············································· (1分) ∴OC OB =. ··································································· (1分) ∵D A ∠=∠,DOC AOB ∠=∠,∴△AOB ≌△DOC . ························································ (2分) DC AB =∴. ··································································· (1分) (2) 真; ························································································ (3分) 假. ··························································································· (3分)24.解:(1) ∵点A 的坐标为(10),,点B 与点A 关于原点对称,∴点B 的坐标为(10)-,. ································································· (1分) ∵直线b x y +=经过点B ,∴01=+-b ,得1=b . ··························· (1分) ∵点C 的坐标为(04),,直线x CM //轴,∴设点D 的坐标为(4)x ,. ······· (1分) ∵直线1+=x y 与直线CM 相交于点D ,∴3=x .∴D 的坐标为(34),.…(1分) (2) ∵D 的坐标为(34),,∴5=OD . ··············································· (1分) 当5==OD PD 时,点P 的坐标为(60),; ····································· (1分) 当5==OD PO 时,点P 的坐标为(50),, ····································· (1分) 当PD PO = 时,设点P 的坐标为(0)x ,)0(>x ,∴224)3(+-=x x ,得625=x ,∴点P 的坐标为25(0)6,. ··········· (1分) 综上所述,所求点P 的坐标是(60),、(50),或25(0)6,. (3) 当以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切时, 若点P 的坐标为(60),,则圆P 的半径5=PD ,圆心距6=PO , ∴圆O 的半径1=r . ····································································· (2分) 若点P 的坐标为(50),,则圆P 的半径52=PD ,圆心距5=PO ,∴圆O 的半径525-=r . ·························································· (2分) 综上所述,所求圆O 的半径等于1或525-.25.解:(1) ∵BC AD //, ∴DBC ADB ∠=∠.∵2==AB AD ,∴ADB ABD ∠=∠.∴ABD DBC ∠=∠. ∵︒=∠90ABC .∴︒=∠45PBC . ················································ (1分)∵ABADPC PQ =,AB AD =,点Q 与点B 重合,∴PC PQ PB ==. ∴︒=∠=∠45PBC PCB . ······························································ (1分) ∴︒=∠90BPC . ········································································· (1分)实用文档文案大全在Rt △BPC 中,22345cos 3cos =︒⨯=⋅=C BC PC . ···················· (1分) (2) 过点P 作BC PE ⊥,AB PF ⊥,垂足分别为E 、F . ···················· (1分)∴︒=∠=∠=∠90BEP FBE PFB .∴四边形FBEP 是矩形. ∴BC PF //,BF PE =.∵BC AD //,∴AD PF //.∴ABADBF PF =. ∵23=AD ,2=AB ,∴43=PE PF . ················································ (1分) ∵x QB AB AQ -=-=2,3=BC ,∴22APQ x S PF -=△,32PBC S PE =△.∴42x S S PBC APQ -=∆∆,即42x y -= . ················································· (2分) 函数的定义域是0≤x ≤87. ··························································· (1分)(3) 过点P 作BC PM ⊥,AB PN ⊥,垂足分别为M 、N .易得四边形PNBM 为矩形,∴BC PN //,BN PM =,︒=∠90MPN .∵BC AD //,∴AD PN //.∴AB AD BN PN =.∴ABADPM PN =. ·············· (1分) ∵AB AD PC PQ =,∴PCPQ PM PN =. ······················································ (1分) 又∵︒=∠=∠90PNQ PMC ,∴Rt △PCM ∽Rt △PQN . ··············· (1分) ∴QPN CPM ∠=∠. ··································································· (1分) ∵︒=∠90MPN ,∴︒=∠=∠+∠=∠+∠90MPN QPM QPN QPM CPM , 即︒=∠90QPC . ········································································· (1分)。

2009上海市中考数学压轴题几何背景探寻和思考

2009上海市中考数学压轴题几何背景探寻和思考

2009上海市中考数学压轴题几何背景探寻和思考上海市光明初级中学 刘颖颋 近几年来,全国各省市的数学中考压轴题大部分都有一个很明确的几何背景,今年的上海市中考数学压轴题也是如此。

背景1:如图点P 是正方形ABCD 对角线上任意一点。

求证:PA =PC 证明:∵四边形ABCD 是正方形∴AB =CB ,∠ABP =∠CBP =45 又∵BP =BP⇒△ABP ≌△CBP ⇒ PA =PC背景2:接上题,以P 为圆心,以PA 为半径画弧交AB (或AB 的延长 线)于点Q 。

求证:PQ ⊥PC 证明:∵PA =PQ ⇒∠1=∠3又∵△ABP ≌△CBP ⇒ ∠1=∠2⇒∠1=∠2=∠3而:∠3+∠4= 180⇒∠2+∠4= 180 又∵∠QBC =90∴∠QPC = 90⇒ PQ ⊥PC 当点Q 在AB 的延长线上时,∵∠2=∠3;∠4=∠5⇒△BQH ∽△CPH ∴∠QPC = 90⇒ PQ ⊥PC背景3:反过来,若将一个直角顶点放在正方形的对角线上移动,一条直角边过点C ,另一条直角边与正方形的边(或边的延长线)AB 交于点Q 。

求证:PQ =PC证明:过P 作MN 平行于BC 交AB 、CD 于M 、N ∵∠1+∠QPC =∠2+∠PNC ⇒∠1=∠2 又∵∠MBP =45⇒MP =MB =NCM CMC而∠QMP =∠PNC = 90⇒△QMP ≌△PNC ⇒ PQ =PC 从上述的几个背景看出,当∠QPC = 90时,一定有PQ =PC ,即AB AD PC PQ =;但反过来当ABADPC PQ =,即PQ =PC 时,因为有PA =PC 时∠APC = 90不一定成立,所以∠QPC = 90不一定能够成立。

下面我们将背景弱化:背景4:若将一个直角顶点放在长方形的对角线上移动,一条直角边过点C ,另一条直角边与长方形的边(或边的延长线)AB 交于点Q 。

求证:ABADPC PQ =证明:易证:△QMP ∽△PNC⇒ABADMB MP NC MP PC PQ ===背景5:如图,矩形ABCD 的AB =a ,AD =b ,点P 在对角线BD 上运动,点Q 在射线AB 上运动,若ABADPC PQ =,试探索a ,b 满足什么条件时,会有PQ ⊥PC探索:正常情况下,NCMPMB MP AB AD PC PQ === ⇒△QMP ∽△PNC ⇒∠QPC =90⇒ PQ ⊥PC但若点Q 关于MN 的对称点1Q 也在射线AB 上时,如同上述背景一样,连P 1Q ,∠1Q PC = 90就不一定成立了。

名师解析:上海中考试卷分析数学卷

名师解析:上海中考试卷分析数学卷

名师解析:上海中考试卷分析数学卷1.指导思想2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷命题以《上海市中小学数学课程标准》和《考试手册》为依据,指导思想是:有利于推进中小学实施素养教育;有利于推进中小学课程改革;有利于促进初中教育教学改革;有利于切实减轻中学生过重的学业负担;有利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力;有利于促进学生全面和谐、富有个性的进展;有利于学生在高中教育时期的可连续进展。

2.卷面构成试卷分三大题共25题,客观性题型占48%。

主观性题型占52% 。

代数与几何的比例操纵在60%与40% 。

本次命题中知识点考查的百分比大致与各知识点的教学课时比较接近,而且知识覆盖面较大。

家庭是幼儿语言活动的重要环境,为了与家长配合做好幼儿阅读训练工作,小孩一入园就召开家长会,给家长提出早期抓好幼儿阅读的要求。

我把幼儿在园里的阅读活动及阅读情形及时传递给家长,要求小孩回家向家长朗诵儿歌,表演故事。

我和家长共同配合,一道训练,幼儿的阅读能力提高专门快。

3.命题思路事实上,任何一门学科都离不开死记硬背,关键是经历有技巧,“死记”之后会“活用”。

不记住那些基础知识,如何会向高层次进军?专门是语文学科涉猎的范畴专门广,要真正提高学生的写作水平,单靠分析文章的写作技巧是远远不够的,必须从基础知识抓起,每天挤一点时刻让学生“死记”名篇佳句、名言警句,以及丰富的词语、新颖的材料等。

如此,就会在有限的时刻、空间里给学生的脑海里注入无限的内容。

日积月累,积少成多,从而收到水滴石穿,绳锯木断的功效。

试卷设计的思路是“注重双基、表达新意、适度区分”。

死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式,在我国有悠久的历史。

但随着素养教育的开展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力进展的教学方式,慢慢为人们所摒弃;而另一方面,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。

事实上,只要应用得当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素养并不矛盾。

相反,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要前提和基础。

2009年上海中考数学试卷及答案

2009年上海中考数学试卷及答案

2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷答案要点与评分标准说明:1. 解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法.如果考生的解法与所列解法不同,可参照解答中评分标准相应评分;2. 第一、二大题若无特别说明,每题评分只有满分或零分;3. 第三大题中各题右端所注分数,表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数;4. 评阅试卷,要坚持每题评阅到底,不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅.如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度,视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分,但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半;5. 评分时,给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位.一.选择题:(本大题共6题,满分24分)1. B ; 2.C ; 3.A; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A .二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分)7.55; 8.2=x ; 9.14; 10.-12; 11.一、三; 12.21y x =-; 13.16; 14.2)1(100m -; 15.b a 21+; 16.5; 17.AC BD =(或︒=∠90ABC 等); 18. 2. 三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.解:原式=2)1()1)(1(111)1(2-+--+⋅-+a a a a a a ·········································· (7分) =1112-+--a a a ······································································· (1分) =11--a a ·············································································· (1分) =1-. ··············································································· (1分)20.解:由方程①得1+=x y , ③ ························································ (1分)将③代入②,得02)1(22=-+-x x x , ·········································· (1分) 整理,得022=--x x , ····························································· (2分) 解得1221x x ==-,, ································································· (3分) 分别将1221x x ==-,代入③,得1230y y ==,, ························· (2分) 所以,原方程组的解为1123x y =⎧⎨=⎩,; 2210.x y =-⎧⎨=⎩, ···································· (1分) 21.解:(1) 过点A 作BC AE ⊥,垂足为E . ·········································· (1分)在Rt △ABE 中,∵︒=∠60B ,8=AB ,∴460cos 8cos =︒⨯=⋅=B AB BE , ·············································· (1 分) 3460sin 8sin =︒⨯=⋅=B AB AE . ·················································· (1分) ∵12=BC ,∴8=EC . ······························································· (1 分)在Rt △AEC 中,23834tan ===∠EC AE ACB . ··································· (1分) (2) 在梯形ABCD 中,∵DC AB =,︒=∠60B ,∴︒=∠=∠60B DCB . ········································································ (1分) 过点D 作BC DF ⊥,垂足为F ,∵︒=∠=∠90AEC DFC ,∴DF AE //.∵BC AD //,∴四边形AEFD 是平行四边形.∴EF AD =. ···················· (1分) 在Rt △DCF 中, 460cos 8cos =︒⨯=∠⋅=DCF DC FC , ···················· (1分) ∴4=-=FC EC EF .∴4=AD .∵M 、N 分别是AB 、DC 的中点,∴821242=+=+=BC AD MN . ······· (2分)22.(1)%20; ················································································ (2分) (2)6; ·················································································· (3分) (3)%35; ················································································ (2分) (4) 5. ······················································································ (3分)23.(1) 证明:OFE OEF ∠=∠ ,∴OF OE =. ··································································· (1分)∵E 为OB 的中点,F 为OC 的中点,∴OE OB 2=,OF OC 2=. ············································· (1分)∴OC OB =. ··································································· (1分)∵D A ∠=∠,DOC AOB ∠=∠,∴△AOB ≌△DOC . ······················································· (2分) DC AB =∴. ··································································· (1分)(2) 真; ······················································································· (3分) 假. ·························································································· (3分)24.解:(1) ∵点A 的坐标为(10),,点B 与点A 关于原点对称,∴点B 的坐标为(10)-,. ································································· (1分) ∵直线b x y +=经过点B ,∴01=+-b ,得1=b . ··························· (1分) ∵点C 的坐标为(04),,直线x CM //轴,∴设点D 的坐标为(4)x ,.······· (1分) ∵直线1+=x y 与直线CM 相交于点D ,∴3=x .∴D 的坐标为(34),.…(1分)(2) ∵D 的坐标为(34),,∴5=OD . ··············································· (1分) 当5==OD PD 时,点P 的坐标为(60),; ····································· (1分) 当5==OD PO 时,点P 的坐标为(50),, ····································· (1分) 当PD PO = 时,设点P 的坐标为(0)x ,)0(>x , ∴224)3(+-=x x ,得625=x ,∴点P 的坐标为25(0)6,. ··········· (1分) 综上所述,所求点P 的坐标是(60),、(50),或25(0)6,. (3) 当以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切时,若点P 的坐标为(60),,则圆P 的半径5=PD ,圆心距6=PO ,∴圆O 的半径1=r . ····································································· (2分)若点P 的坐标为(50),,则圆P 的半径52=PD ,圆心距5=PO ,∴圆O 的半径525-=r . ·························································· (2分) 综上所述,所求圆O 的半径等于1或525-.25.解:(1) ∵BC AD //, ∴DBC ADB ∠=∠.∵2==AB AD ,∴ADB ABD ∠=∠.∴ABD DBC ∠=∠.∵︒=∠90ABC .∴︒=∠45PBC . ················································ (1分) ∵ABAD PC PQ =,AB AD =,点Q 与点B 重合,∴PC PQ PB ==. ∴︒=∠=∠45PBC PCB . ······························································ (1分) ∴︒=∠90BPC . ········································································· (1分)在Rt △BPC 中,22345cos 3cos =︒⨯=⋅=C BC PC . ···················· (1分) (2) 过点P 作BC PE ⊥,AB PF ⊥,垂足分别为E 、F . ···················· (1分)∴︒=∠=∠=∠90BEP FBE PFB .∴四边形FBEP 是矩形.∴BC PF //,BF PE =.∵BC AD //,∴AD PF //.∴ABAD BF PF =. ∵23=AD ,2=AB ,∴43=PE PF . ················································ (1分) ∵x QB AB AQ -=-=2,3=BC ,∴22APQ x S PF -=△,32PBC S PE =△. ∴42x S S PBC APQ -=∆∆,即42x y -= . ················································· (2分) 函数的定义域是0≤x ≤87. ··························································· (1分) (3) 过点P 作BC PM ⊥,AB PN ⊥,垂足分别为M 、N .易得四边形PNBM 为矩形,∴BC PN //,BN PM =,︒=∠90MPN .∵BC AD //,∴AD PN //.∴AB AD BN PN =.∴ABAD PM PN =. ·············· (1分) ∵AB AD PC PQ =,∴PCPQ PM PN =. ······················································ (1分) 又∵︒=∠=∠90PNQ PMC ,∴Rt △PCM ∽Rt △PQN . ··············· (1分) ∴QPN CPM ∠=∠. ··································································· (1分) ∵︒=∠90MPN ,∴︒=∠=∠+∠=∠+∠90MPN QPM QPN QPM CPM , 即︒=∠90QPC . ········································································· (1分)。

2009学年上海市徐汇区第二学期九年级数学中考学习能力诊断卷上教版

2009学年上海市徐汇区第二学期九年级数学中考学习能力诊断卷上教版

2009学年第二学期徐汇区初三年级数学学科学习能力诊断卷2010.4 (时间100分钟 满分150分)考生注意∶1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题;答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效;2.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分) 1.下列运算结果为2m 的式子是( ▲ ) A .63m m ÷B .42m m -⋅C .12()m -D .42m m -2.据上海世博会官方网统计,截至2010年3月29日为止,上海世博会门票已实现销售约22 170 000张.将22 170 000用科学记数法表示为( ▲ )A .610217.2⨯ B .6102217.0⨯ C .710217.2⨯ D .61017.22⨯ 3.把不等式组2020x x +>⎧⎨-≤⎩的解集表示在数轴上,正确的是( ▲ )4.已知反比例函数的图象经过点(21)P -,,则这个函数的图像位于( ▲ ) A .第一、三象限 B .第二、三象限C .第二、四象限D .第三、四象限5.如图,AB ∥DF , AC ⊥BC 于C ,CB 的延长线与DF 交于点E ,若∠A = 20°,则∠CEF 等于( ▲ )A. 110°B. 100°C. 80°D. 70°6. 一艘轮船和一艘快艇沿相同路线从甲港出发到乙港,行驶过程随时间变化的图像如图所示,下列结论错误..的是( ▲ ) 第5题 第6题A .轮船的速度为20千米/小时B .快艇的速度为380千米/小时 C .轮船比快艇先出发2小时 D .快艇比轮船早到2小时 二、填空题(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.在实数范围内分解因式:a a 43- = __ ▲__. 8.方程12x x +=的解是 ▲ .9.方程062=++a x x 有两个不相等的实数根,则a 的取值范围是 ▲ . 10.抛物线422+-=x x y 的顶点坐标是 ▲ .11.函数b kx y +=的图像如图所示,下列结论正确..的有 ▲ (填序号). ①0>b ; ③当2<x 时,0>y ; ②0>k ; ④方程0=+b kx 的解是2=x .12.2008年上海城市绿化覆盖率达到了38%,人均公共绿地面积12.5米2;到2010年年底绿化覆盖率将达到40%,人均公共绿地面积将达到15米2。

2009年上海市中考数学试题有答案[1]

2009年上海市中考数学试题有答案[1]

2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数 学 卷一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分) 1.计算32()a 的结果是( ) A .5aB .6aC .8aD .9a2.不等式组1021x x +>⎧⎨-<⎩,的解集是( )A .1x >-B .3x <C .13x -<<D .31x -<<3.用换元法解分式方程13101x x x x --+=-时,如果设1x y x-=,将原方程化为关于y 的整式方程,那么这个整式方程是( ) A .230y y +-= B .2310y y -+=C .2310y y -+=D .2310y y --=4.抛物线22()y x m n =++(m n ,是常数)的顶点坐标是( ) A .()m n ,B .()m n -,C .()m n -,D .()m n --,5.下列正多边形中,中心角等于内角的是( )A .正六边形B .正五边形C .正四边形 C .正三边形 6.如图1,已知AB CD EF ∥∥,那么下列结论正确的是()A .AD BCDF CE = B .BC DFCE AD =C .CD BCEF BE= D .CD ADEF AF= 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 7= . 81=的根是 .9.如果关于x 的方程20x x k -+=(k 为常数)有两个相等的实数根,那么k = .10.已知函数1()1f x x =-,那么(3)f = . 11.反比例函数2y x=图像的两支分别在第 象限.12.将抛物线22y x =-向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是 . 13.如果从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,那么小明被选中的概率是 .A B D C EF图114.某商品的原价为100元,如果经过两次降价,且每次降价的百分率都是m ,那么该商品现在的价格是 元(结果用含m 的代数式表示).15.如图2,在ABC △中,AD 是边BC 上的中线,设向量AB a =,BC b =,如果用向量a ,b 表示向量AD ,那么AD = .16.在圆O 中,弦AB 的长为6,它所对应的弦心距为4,那么半径OA = . 17.在四边形ABCD 中,对角线AC 与BD 互相平分,交点为O .在不添加任何辅助线的前提下,要使四边形ABCD 成为矩形,还需添加一个条件,这个条件可以是 .18.在Rt ABC △中,903BAC AB M ∠==°,,为边BC 上的点,联结AM (如图3所示).如果将ABM△沿直线AM 翻折后,点B 恰好落在边AC 的中点处,那么点M 到AC 的距离是 . 三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.(本题满分10分)计算:22221(1)121a a a a a a +-÷+---+.20.(本题满分10分) 解方程组:21220y x x xy -=⎧⎨--=⎩,①.②21.(本题满分10分,每小题满分各5分)如图4,在梯形ABCD 中,86012AD BC AB DC B BC ==∠==∥,,°,,联结AC . (1)求tan ACB ∠的值;(2)若M N 、分别是AB DC 、的中点,联结MN ,求线段MN 的长.22.(本题满分10分,第(1)小题满分2分,第(2)小题满分3分,第(3)小题满分2分,第(4)小题满分3分)为了了解某校初中男生的身体素质状况,在该校六年级至九年级共四个年级的男生中,分别抽取部分学生进行“引体向上”测试.所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数情况如表一所示;各年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率如图5所示(其中六年级相关数据未标出).表一图2A图3BM CA D C图4 B根据上述信息,回答下列问题(直接写出结果): (1)六年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率是 ;(2)在所有被测试者中,九年级的人数是 ; (3)在所有被测试者中,“引体向上”次数不小于6的人数所占的百分率是 ;(4)在所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数中,众数是 .23.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分)已知线段AC 与BD 相交于点O ,联结AB DC 、,E 为OB 的中点,F 为OC的中点,联结EF (如图6所示).(1)添加条件A D ∠=∠,OEF OFE ∠=∠,求证:AB DC =. (2)分别将“A D ∠=∠”记为①,“OEF OFE ∠=∠”记为②,“AB DC =”记为③,添加条件①、③,以②为结论构成命题1,添加条件②、③,以①为结论构成命题2.命题1是 命题,命题2是 命题(选择“真”或“假”填入空格). 24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各4分)在直角坐标平面内,O 为原点,点A 的坐标为(10),,点C 的坐标为(04),,直线CM x ∥轴(如图7所示).点B 与点A 关于原点对称,直线y x b =+(b 为常数)经过点B ,且与直线CM 相交于点D ,联结OD .(1)求b 的值和点D 的坐标;(2)设点P 在x 轴的正半轴上,若POD △是等腰三角形,求点P 的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,如果以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切,求圆O 的半径.25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知9023ABC AB BC AD BC P ∠===°,,,∥,为线段BD 上的动点,点Q 在射线AB 上,且满足PQ ADPC AB=(如图8所示). (1)当2AD =,且点Q 与点B 重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC 的长;九年级八年级 七年级六年级 25% 30%25% 图5 图6 O D CAB E Fx b(2)在图8中,联结AP .当32AD =,且点Q 在线段AB 上时,设点B Q 、之间的距离为x ,APQ PBCS y S =△△,其中APQ S △表示APQ △的面积,PBC S △表示PBC △的面积,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域; (3)当AD AB <,且点Q 在线段AB 的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC ∠的大小.2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷答案要点与评分标准说明:1. 解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法.如果考生的解法与所列解法不同,可参照解答中评分标准相应评分; 2. 第一、二大题若无特别说明,每题评分只有满分或零分;3. 第三大题中各题右端所注分数,表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数;4. 评阅试卷,要坚持每题评阅到底,不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅.如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度,视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分,但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半;5. 评分时,给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位.一.选择题:(本大题共6题,满分24分)1. B ; 2.C ; 3.A; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A . 二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分)7.55; 8.2=x ; 9.14; 10.-12; 11.一、三;12.21y x =-; 13.16; 14.2)1(100m -; 15.b a 21+;16.5; 17.AC BD =(或︒=∠90ABC 等); 18. 2.三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.解:原式=2)1()1)(1(111)1(2-+--+⋅-+a a a a a a ··········································· (7分) =1112-+--a a a ······································································· (1分) =11--a a·············································································· (1分)=1-. ················································································ (1分) 20.解:由方程①得1+=x y , ③ ························································ (1分)将③代入②,得02)1(22=-+-x x x , ·········································· (1分) 整理,得022=--x x , ····························································· (2分)解得1221x x ==-,, ································································· (3分) 分别将1221x x ==-,代入③,得1230y y ==,, ·························· (2分)ADPCBQ 图8DAPCB(Q ) 图9图10CADPBQ所以,原方程组的解为1123x y =⎧⎨=⎩,; 2210.x y =-⎧⎨=⎩,····································· (1分)21.解:(1) 过点A 作BC AE ⊥,垂足为E . ··········································· (1分)在Rt △ABE 中,∵︒=∠60B ,8=AB , ∴460cos 8cos =︒⨯=⋅=B AB BE , ·············································· (1 分)3460sin 8sin =︒⨯=⋅=B AB AE . ················································· (1分) ∵12=BC ,∴8=EC . ······························································· (1 分) 在Rt △AEC 中,23834tan ===∠EC AE ACB . ··································· (1分) (2) 在梯形ABCD 中,∵DC AB =,︒=∠60B ,∴︒=∠=∠60B DCB . ········································································ (1分) 过点D 作BC DF ⊥,垂足为F ,∵︒=∠=∠90AEC DFC ,∴DF AE //. ∵BC AD //,∴四边形AEFD 是平行四边形.∴EF AD =. ···················· (1分) 在Rt △DCF 中, 460cos 8cos =︒⨯=∠⋅=DCF DC FC , ···················· (1分) ∴4=-=FC EC EF .∴4=AD . ∵M 、N 分别是AB 、DC 的中点,∴821242=+=+=BC AD MN . ······· (2分)22.(1) %20; ·················································································· (2分) (2) 6; ··················································································· (3分) (3) %35; ················································································ (2分) (4) 5. ······················································································ (3分)23.(1) 证明:OFE OEF ∠=∠ ,∴OF OE =. ··································································· (1分) ∵E 为OB 的中点,F 为OC 的中点, ∴OE OB 2=,OF OC 2=. ············································ (1分) ∴OC OB =. ··································································· (1分) ∵D A ∠=∠,DOC AOB ∠=∠, ∴△AOB ≌△DOC . ······················································· (2分) DC AB =∴. ··································································· (1分) (2) 真; ······················································································· (3分) 假. ··························································································· (3分)24.解:(1) ∵点A 的坐标为(10),,点B 与点A 关于原点对称, ∴点B 的坐标为(10)-,.································································· (1分)∵直线b x y +=经过点B ,∴01=+-b ,得1=b . ··························· (1分)∵点C 的坐标为(04),,直线x CM //轴,∴设点D 的坐标为(4)x ,. ······ (1分)∵直线1+=x y 与直线CM 相交于点D ,∴3=x .∴D 的坐标为(34),.…(1分) (2) ∵D 的坐标为(34),,∴5=OD . ··············································· (1分) 当5==OD PD 时,点P 的坐标为(60),; ····································· (1分)当5==OD PO 时,点P 的坐标为(50),, ····································· (1分) 当PD PO = 时,设点P 的坐标为(0)x ,)0(>x , ∴224)3(+-=x x ,得625=x ,∴点P 的坐标为25(0)6,. ··········· (1分)综上所述,所求点P 的坐标是(60),、(50),或25(0)6,. (3) 当以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切时,若点P 的坐标为(60),,则圆P 的半径5=PD ,圆心距6=PO , ∴圆O 的半径1=r . ···································································· (2分) 若点P 的坐标为(50),,则圆P 的半径52=PD ,圆心距5=PO ,∴圆O 的半径525-=r . ·························································· (2分) 综上所述,所求圆O 的半径等于1或525-.25.解:(1) ∵BC AD //, ∴DBC ADB ∠=∠.∵2==AB AD ,∴ADB ABD ∠=∠.∴ABD DBC ∠=∠. ∵︒=∠90ABC .∴︒=∠45PBC . ················································ (1分)∵ABADPC PQ =,AB AD =,点Q 与点B 重合,∴PC PQ PB ==. ∴︒=∠=∠45PBC PCB . ······························································ (1分) ∴︒=∠90BPC . ········································································· (1分)在Rt △BPC 中,22345cos 3cos =︒⨯=⋅=C BC PC . ···················· (1分)(2) 过点P 作BC PE ⊥,AB PF ⊥,垂足分别为E 、F . ··················· (1分)∴︒=∠=∠=∠90BEP FBE PFB .∴四边形FBEP 是矩形. ∴BC PF //,BF PE =.∵BC AD //,∴AD PF //.∴ABADBF PF =. ∵23=AD ,2=AB ,∴43=PE PF . ··············································· (1分)∵x QB AB AQ -=-=2,3=BC ,∴22APQ x S PF -=△,32PBC S PE =△. ∴42x S S PBC APQ -=∆∆,即42x y -= . ················································ (2分) 函数的定义域是0≤x ≤87. ·························································· (1分)(3) 过点P 作BC PM ⊥,AB PN ⊥,垂足分别为M 、N .易得四边形PNBM 为矩形,∴BC PN //,BN PM =,︒=∠90MPN .∵BC AD //,∴AD PN //.∴AB AD BN PN =.∴ABADPM PN =. ·············· (1分) ∵AB AD PC PQ =,∴PCPQPM PN =. ······················································ (1分) 又∵︒=∠=∠90PNQ PMC ,∴Rt △PCM ∽Rt △PQN . ·············· (1分) ∴QPN CPM ∠=∠. ··································································· (1分) ∵︒=∠90MPN ,∴︒=∠=∠+∠=∠+∠90MPN QPM QPN QPM CPM , 即︒=∠90QPC . ········································································ (1分)。

2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷及答案

2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷及答案

2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数 学 卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)考生注意:1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题;2.答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效.3.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上.】 1.计算32()a 的结果是( ) A .5aB .6aC .8aD .9a2.不等式组1021x x +>⎧⎨-<⎩,的解集是( )A .1x >-B .3x <C .13x -<<D .31x -<<3.用换元法解分式方程13101x x x x --+=-时,如果设1x y x-=,将原方程化为关于y 的整式方程,那么这个整式方程是( ) A .230y y +-= B .2310y y -+=C .2310y y -+=D .2310y y --=4.抛物线22()y x m n =++(m n ,是常数)的顶点坐标是( ) A .()m n ,B .()m n -,C .()m n -,D .()m n --,5.下列正多边形中,中心角等于内角的是( )A .正六边形B .正五边形C .正四边形 C .正三边形 6.如图1,已知AB CD EF ∥∥,那么下列结论正确的是( )A .AD BCDF CE = B .BC DFCE AD =C .CD BCEF BE= D .CD ADEF AF= 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 【请将结果直线填入答题纸的相应位置】A B D C EF图17= . 81=的根是 .9.如果关于x 的方程20x x k -+=(k 为常数)有两个相等的实数根,那么k = .10.已知函数1()1f x x =-,那么(3)f = . 11.反比例函数2y x=图像的两支分别在第 象限.12.将抛物线22y x =-向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是 .13.如果从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,那么小明被选中的概率是 .14.某商品的原价为100元,如果经过两次降价,且每次降价的百分率都是m ,那么该商品现在的价格是 元(结果用含m 的代数式表示).15.如图2,在ABC △中,AD 是边BC 上的中线,设向量AB a =,BC b =,如果用向量a ,b 表示向量AD ,那么AD = .16.在圆O 中,弦AB 的长为6,它所对应的弦心距为4,那么半径OA = .17.在四边形ABCD 中,对角线AC 与BD 互相平分,交点为O .在不添加任何辅助线的前提下,要使四边形ABCD 成为矩形,还需添加一个条件,这个条件可以是 .18.在Rt ABC △中,903BAC AB M ∠==°,,为边BC 上的点,联结AM (如图3所示).如果将ABM △沿直线AM 翻折后,点B 恰好落在边AC 的中点处,那么点M 到AC 的距离是 . 三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.(本题满分10分)计算:22221(1)121a a a a a a +-÷+---+.20.(本题满分10分) 解方程组:21220y x x xy -=⎧⎨--=⎩,①.②图2A图3B M C21.(本题满分10分,每小题满分各5分)如图4,在梯形ABCD 中,86012AD BC AB DC B BC ==∠==∥,,°,,联结AC . (1)求tan ACB ∠的值;(2)若M N 、分别是AB DC 、的中点,联结MN ,求线段MN 的长.22.(本题满分10分,第(1)小题满分2分,第(2)小题满分3分,第(3)小题满分2分,第(4)小题满分3分)为了了解某校初中男生的身体素质状况,在该校六年级至九年级共四个年级的男生中,分别抽取部分学生进行“引体向上”测试.所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数情况如表一所示;各年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率如图5所示(其中六年级相关数据未标出).表一根据上述信息,回答下列问题(直接写出结果): (1)六年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率是 ;(2)在所有被测试者中,九年级的人数是 ; (3)在所有被测试者中,“引体向上”次数不小于6的人数所占的百分率是 ;(4)在所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数中,众数是 .23.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分)已知线段AC 与BD 相交于点O ,联结AB DC 、,E 为OB的中点,F 为OC 的中点,联结EF (如图6所示).(1)添加条件A D ∠=∠,OEF OFE ∠=∠,求证:AB DC =. (2)分别将“A D ∠=∠”记为①,“OEF OFE ∠=∠”记为②,“AB DC =”记为③,添加条件①、③,以②为结论构成命题1,添加条件②、③,以①为结论构成命题2.命题1是 命题,命题2是 命题(选择“真”或“假”填入空格).A D C图4 B 九年级八年级 七年级六年级 25% 30%25% 图5 图6 O D CAB E F24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各4分)在直角坐标平面内,O 为原点,点A 的坐标为(10),,点C 的坐标为(04),,直线CM x ∥轴(如图7所示).点B 与点A 关于原点对称,直线y x b =+(b 为常数)经过点B ,且与直线CM 相交于点D ,联结OD .(1)求b 的值和点D 的坐标; (2)设点P 在x 轴的正半轴上,若POD △是等腰三角形,求点P 的坐标; (3)在(2)的条件下,如果以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切,求圆O 的半径.25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知9023ABC AB BC AD BC P∠===°,,,∥,为线段BD 上的动点,点Q 在射线AB 上,且满足PQ ADPC AB=(如图8所示). (1)当2AD =,且点Q 与点B 重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC 的长; (2)在图8中,联结AP .当32AD =,且点Q 在线段AB 上时,设点B Q 、之间的距离为x ,APQ PBCS y S =△△,其中APQ S △表示APQ △的面积,PBC S △表示PBC △的面积,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域;(3)当AD AB <,且点Q 在线段AB 的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC ∠的大小.ADPCBQ 图8DAPCB(Q ) 图9图10CADPBQx b2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷答案要点与评分标准说明:1. 解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法.如果考生的解法与所列解法不同,可参照解答中评分标准相应评分;2. 第一、二大题若无特别说明,每题评分只有满分或零分;3. 第三大题中各题右端所注分数,表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数;4. 评阅试卷,要坚持每题评阅到底,不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅.如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度,视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分,但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半; 5. 评分时,给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位.一.选择题:(本大题共6题,满分24分)1. B ; 2.C ; 3.A; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A . 二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分)7.55; 8.2=x ; 9.14; 10.-12; 11.一、三;12.21y x =-; 13.16; 14.2)1(100m -; 15.b a 21+;16.5; 17.AC BD =(或︒=∠90ABC 等); 18. 2.三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.解:原式=2)1()1)(1(111)1(2-+--+⋅-+a a a a a a ··········································· (7分) =1112-+--a a a ······································································· (1分) =11--a a·············································································· (1分)=1-. ················································································ (1分) 20.解:由方程①得1+=x y , ③ ························································ (1分)将③代入②,得02)1(22=-+-x x x , ·········································· (1分) 整理,得022=--x x , ······························································ (2分)解得1221x x ==-,, ·································································· (3分) 分别将1221x x ==-,代入③,得1230y y ==,, ·························· (2分)所以,原方程组的解为1123x y =⎧⎨=⎩,; 2210.x y =-⎧⎨=⎩,····································· (1分) 21.解:(1) 过点A 作BC AE ⊥,垂足为E . ··········································· (1分)在Rt △ABE 中,∵︒=∠60B ,8=AB , ∴460cos 8cos =︒⨯=⋅=B AB BE , ·············································· (1 分)3460sin 8sin =︒⨯=⋅=B AB AE . ·················································· (1分)∵12=BC ,∴8=EC . ······························································· (1 分) 在Rt △AEC 中,23834tan ===∠EC AE ACB . ··································· (1分)(2) 在梯形ABCD 中,∵DC AB =,︒=∠60B , ∴︒=∠=∠60B DCB . ········································································ (1分) 过点D 作BC DF ⊥,垂足为F ,∵︒=∠=∠90AEC DFC ,∴DF AE //. ∵BC AD //,∴四边形AEFD 是平行四边形.∴EF AD =. ···················· (1分) 在Rt △DCF 中, 460cos 8cos =︒⨯=∠⋅=DCF DC FC , ···················· (1分) ∴4=-=FC EC EF .∴4=AD . ∵M 、N 分别是AB 、DC 的中点,∴821242=+=+=BC AD MN . ······· (2分)22.(1) %20; ················································································· (2分) (2) 6; ··················································································· (3分) (3) %35; ················································································ (2分) (4) 5. ······················································································ (3分)23.(1) 证明:OFE OEF ∠=∠ ,∴OF OE =. ··································································· (1分) ∵E 为OB 的中点,F 为OC 的中点, ∴OE OB 2=,OF OC 2=. ············································· (1分) ∴OC OB =. ··································································· (1分) ∵D A ∠=∠,DOC AOB ∠=∠,∴△AOB ≌△DOC . ························································ (2分) DC AB =∴. ··································································· (1分) (2) 真; ························································································ (3分) 假. ··························································································· (3分)24.解:(1) ∵点A 的坐标为(10),,点B 与点A 关于原点对称,∴点B 的坐标为(10)-,. ································································· (1分) ∵直线b x y +=经过点B ,∴01=+-b ,得1=b . ··························· (1分) ∵点C 的坐标为(04),,直线x CM //轴,∴设点D 的坐标为(4)x ,. ······· (1分) ∵直线1+=x y 与直线CM 相交于点D ,∴3=x .∴D 的坐标为(34),.…(1分)(2) ∵D 的坐标为(34),,∴5=OD . ··············································· (1分) 当5==OD PD 时,点P 的坐标为(60),; ····································· (1分) 当5==OD PO 时,点P 的坐标为(50),, ····································· (1分) 当PD PO = 时,设点P 的坐标为(0)x ,)0(>x , ∴224)3(+-=x x ,得625=x ,∴点P 的坐标为25(0)6,. ··········· (1分) 综上所述,所求点P 的坐标是(60),、(50),或25(0)6,. (3) 当以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切时,若点P 的坐标为(60),,则圆P 的半径5=PD ,圆心距6=PO , ∴圆O 的半径1=r . ····································································· (2分)若点P 的坐标为(50),,则圆P 的半径52=PD ,圆心距5=PO , ∴圆O 的半径525-=r . ·························································· (2分) 综上所述,所求圆O 的半径等于1或525-.25.解:(1) ∵BC AD //, ∴DBC ADB ∠=∠.∵2==AB AD ,∴ADB ABD ∠=∠.∴ABD DBC ∠=∠. ∵︒=∠90ABC .∴︒=∠45PBC . ················································ (1分)∵ABADPC PQ =,AB AD =,点Q 与点B 重合,∴PC PQ PB ==. ∴︒=∠=∠45PBC PCB . ······························································ (1分) ∴︒=∠90BPC . ········································································· (1分)在Rt △BPC 中,22345cos 3cos =︒⨯=⋅=C BC PC . ···················· (1分)(2) 过点P 作BC PE ⊥,AB PF ⊥,垂足分别为E 、F . ···················· (1分)∴︒=∠=∠=∠90BEP FBE PFB .∴四边形FBEP 是矩形. ∴BC PF //,BF PE =.∵BC AD //,∴AD PF //.∴ABADBF PF =. ∵23=AD ,2=AB ,∴43=PE PF . ················································ (1分) ∵x QB AB AQ -=-=2,3=BC ,∴22APQ x S PF -=△,32PBC S PE =△.∴42x S S PBC APQ -=∆∆,即42x y -= . ················································· (2分) 函数的定义域是0≤x ≤87. ··························································· (1分)(3) 过点P 作BC PM ⊥,AB PN ⊥,垂足分别为M 、N .易得四边形PNBM 为矩形,∴BC PN //,BN PM =,︒=∠90MPN .∵BC AD //,∴AD PN //.∴AB AD BN PN =.∴ABADPM PN =. ·············· (1分) ∵AB AD PC PQ =,∴PCPQ PM PN =. ······················································ (1分) 又∵︒=∠=∠90PNQ PMC ,∴Rt △PCM ∽Rt △PQN . ··············· (1分) ∴QPN CPM ∠=∠. ··································································· (1分) ∵︒=∠90MPN ,∴︒=∠=∠+∠=∠+∠90MPN QPM QPN QPM CPM , 即︒=∠90QPC . ········································································· (1分)。

2009年上海市各区中考数学二模压轴题图文解析(1)

2009年上海市各区中考数学二模压轴题图文解析(1)
2
图2
华东师大出版社荣誉出品 《挑战中考数学压轴题》系列产品·3
1 12 3 m2 1 12 1 m2 .解得 m 1 .
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此时点 B 的坐标为 (1, ) . 因此,当△ABP 是等腰三角形时,点 B (1, ) .
华东师大出版社荣誉出品 《挑战中考数学压轴题》系列产品·3
2009 年上海市各区中考数学二模压轴题图文解析
例1 例2 例3 例4 例5 例6 例7 例8 例9 例 10 例 11 例 12 例 13 例 14 例 15 例 16 例 17 例 18 例 19 例 20 例 21 例 22 例 23 例 24 例 25 例 26 例 27 例 28 例 29 例 30 例 31 例 32 2009 年上海市宝山区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市宝山区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市崇明县中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市崇明县中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市部分学校抽样测试第 25 题 2009 年上海市奉贤区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市奉贤区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市虹口区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市虹口区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市黄浦区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市黄浦区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市金山区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市静安区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市静安区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市卢湾区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市卢湾区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市闵行区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市闵行区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市南汇区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市浦东新区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市浦东新区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市普陀区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市青浦区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市青浦区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市松江区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市松江区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市徐汇区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市徐汇区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市杨浦区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市杨浦区中考模拟第 25 题 2009 年上海市长宁区中考模拟第 24 题 2009 年上海市长宁区中考模拟第 25 题

2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷及答案

2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷及答案

港中数学网2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数 学 卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)考生注意:1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题;2.答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效.3.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上.】 1.计算32()a 的结果是( ) A .5aB .6aC .8aD .9a2.不等式组1021x x +>⎧⎨-<⎩,的解集是( )A .1x >-B .3x <C .13x -<<D .31x -<<3.用换元法解分式方程13101x x x x --+=-时,如果设1x y x-=,将原方程化为关于y 的整式方程,那么这个整式方程是( ) A .230y y +-= B .2310y y -+=C .2310y y -+=D .2310y y --=4.抛物线22()y x m n =++(m n ,是常数)的顶点坐标是( ) A .()m n ,B .()m n -,C .()m n -,D .()m n --,5.下列正多边形中,中心角等于内角的是( )A .正六边形B .正五边形C .正四边形 C .正三边形 6.如图1,已知AB CD EF ∥∥,那么下列结论正确的是( )A .AD BCDF CE = B .BC DFCE AD =C .CD BCEF BE= D .CD ADEF AF= 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 【请将结果直线填入答题纸的相应位置】A B D C EF图1 港中数学网7= . 81=的根是 .9.如果关于x 的方程20x x k -+=(k 为常数)有两个相等的实数根,那么k = .10.已知函数1()1f x x =-,那么(3)f = . 11.反比例函数2y x=图像的两支分别在第 象限.12.将抛物线22y x =-向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是 .13.如果从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,那么小明被选中的概率是 .14.某商品的原价为100元,如果经过两次降价,且每次降价的百分率都是m ,那么该商品现在的价格是 元(结果用含m 的代数式表示).15.如图2,在ABC △中,AD 是边BC 上的中线,设向量AB a =,BC b = ,如果用向量a ,b 表示向量AD ,那么AD= .16.在圆O 中,弦AB 的长为6,它所对应的弦心距为4,那么半径OA = .17.在四边形ABCD 中,对角线AC 与BD 互相平分,交点为O .在不添加任何辅助线的前提下,要使四边形ABCD 成为矩形,还需添加一个条件,这个条件可以是 .18.在Rt ABC △中,903BAC AB M ∠==°,,为边BC 上的点,联结AM (如图3所示).如果将ABM △沿直线AM 翻折后,点B 恰好落在边AC 的中点处,那么点M 到AC 的距离是 . 三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.(本题满分10分)计算:22221(1)121a a a a a a +-÷+---+.20.(本题满分10分) 解方程组:21220y x x xy -=⎧⎨--=⎩,①.②图2A图3B M C 港中数学网21.(本题满分10分,每小题满分各5分)如图4,在梯形ABCD 中,86012AD BC AB DC B BC ==∠==∥,,°,,联结AC .(1)求tan ACB ∠的值;(2)若M N 、分别是AB DC 、的中点,联结MN ,求线段MN 的长.22.(本题满分10分,第(1)小题满分2分,第(2)小题满分3分,第(3)小题满分2分,第(4)小题满分3分)为了了解某校初中男生的身体素质状况,在该校六年级至九年级共四个年级的男生中,分别抽取部分学生进行“引体向上”测试.所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数情况如表一所示;各年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率如图5所示(其中六年级相关数据未标出).表一根据上述信息,回答下列问题(直接写出结果): (1)六年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率是 ;(2)在所有被测试者中,九年级的人数是 ; (3)在所有被测试者中,“引体向上”次数不小于6的人数所占的百分率是 ;(4)在所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数中,众数是 .23.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分)已知线段AC 与BD 相交于点O ,联结AB DC 、,E 为OB的中点,F 为OC 的中点,联结EF (如图6所示).(1)添加条件A D ∠=∠,OEF OFE ∠=∠,求证:AB DC =. (2)分别将“A D ∠=∠”记为①,“OEF OFE ∠=∠”记为②,“AB DC =”记为③,添加条件①、③,以②为结论构成命题1,添加条件②、③,以①为结论构成命题2.命题1是 命题,命题2是 命题(选择“真”或“假”填入空格).A D C图4 B 九年级八年级 七年级六年级 25% 30%25% 图5 图6 O D CAB E F 港中数学网24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各4分)在直角坐标平面内,O 为原点,点A 的坐标为(10),,点C 的坐标为(04),,直线CM x ∥轴(如图7所示).点B 与点A 关于原点对称,直线y x b =+(b 为常数)经过点B ,且与直线CM 相交于点D ,联结OD .(1)求b 的值和点D 的坐标; (2)设点P 在x 轴的正半轴上,若POD △是等腰三角形,求点P 的坐标; (3)在(2)的条件下,如果以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切,求圆O 的半径.25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知9023ABC AB BC AD BC P ∠===°,,,∥,为线段BD 上的动点,点Q 在射线AB 上,且满足PQ AD PC AB=(如图8所示). (1)当2AD =,且点Q 与点B 重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC 的长; (2)在图8中,联结AP .当32AD =,且点Q 在线段AB 上时,设点B Q 、之间的距离为x ,APQ PBCS y S =△△,其中APQ S △表示APQ △的面积,PBC S △表示PBC △的面积,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域;(3)当AD AB <,且点Q 在线段AB 的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC ∠的大小.ADPCBQ 图8DAPCB(Q ) 图9图10CADPBQx b 港中数学网2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷答案要点与评分标准说明:1. 解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法.如果考生的解法与所列解法不同,可参照解答中评分标准相应评分;2. 第一、二大题若无特别说明,每题评分只有满分或零分;3. 第三大题中各题右端所注分数,表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数;4. 评阅试卷,要坚持每题评阅到底,不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅.如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度,视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分,但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半; 5. 评分时,给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位.一.选择题:(本大题共6题,满分24分)1. B ; 2.C ; 3.A; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A . 二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分)7.55; 8.2=x ; 9.14; 10.-12; 11.一、三;12.21y x =-; 13.16; 14.2)1(100m -; 15.b a 21+;16.5; 17.AC BD =(或︒=∠90ABC 等); 18. 2.三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.解:原式=2)1()1)(1(111)1(2-+--+⋅-+a a a a a a ······················································ (7分) =1112-+--a a a ·························································································· (1分) =11--a a··································································································· (1分)=1-. ····································································································· (1分) 20.解:由方程①得1+=x y , ③ ······································································· (1分)将③代入②,得02)1(22=-+-x x x , ····················································· (1分) 整理,得022=--x x , ·············································································· (2分)解得1221x x ==-,, ··················································································· (3分) 分别将1221x x ==-,代入③,得1230y y ==,, ································· (2分)所以,原方程组的解为1123x y =⎧⎨=⎩,; 2210.x y =-⎧⎨=⎩, ·············································· (1分)21.解:(1) 过点A 作BC AE ⊥,垂足为E .······················································· (1分)在Rt △ABE 中,∵︒=∠60B ,8=AB , ∴460cos 8cos =︒⨯=⋅=B AB BE , ··························································· (1 分)3460sin 8sin =︒⨯=⋅=B AB AE . ······························································· (1分) ∵12=BC ,∴8=EC . ················································································ (1 分) 在Rt △AEC 中,23834tan ===∠EC AE ACB .············································· (1分) 港中数学网(2) 在梯形ABCD 中,∵DC AB =,︒=∠60B , ∴︒=∠=∠60B DCB . ··························································································· (1分) 过点D 作BC DF ⊥,垂足为F ,∵︒=∠=∠90AEC DFC ,∴DF AE //. ∵BC AD //,∴四边形AEFD 是平行四边形.∴EF AD =. ·························· (1分) 在Rt △DCF 中, 460cos 8cos =︒⨯=∠⋅=DCF DC FC , ························· (1分) ∴4=-=FC EC EF .∴4=AD . ∵M 、N 分别是AB 、DC 的中点,∴821242=+=+=BC AD MN . ········· (2分)22.(1) %20; ······································································································· (2分) (2) 6; ········································································································· (3分) (3) %35; ····································································································· (2分) (4) 5. ············································································································· (3分)23.(1) 证明:OFE OEF ∠=∠ ,∴OF OE =. ····················································································· (1分) ∵E 为OB 的中点,F 为OC 的中点, ∴OE OB 2=,OF OC 2=. ························································ (1分) ∴OC OB =. ····················································································· (1分) ∵D A ∠=∠,DOC AOB ∠=∠,∴△AOB ≌△DOC . ······································································ (2分) DC AB =∴. ····················································································· (1分) (2) 真; ·············································································································· (3分) 假. ··················································································································· (3分)24.解:(1) ∵点A 的坐标为(10),,点B 与点A 关于原点对称, ∴点B 的坐标为(10)-,. ··················································································· (1分)∵直线b x y +=经过点B ,∴01=+-b ,得1=b . ···································· (1分)∵点C 的坐标为(04),,直线x CM //轴,∴设点D 的坐标为(4)x ,. ·········· (1分) ∵直线1+=x y 与直线CM 相交于点D ,∴3=x .∴D 的坐标为(34),.…(1分) (2) ∵D 的坐标为(34),,∴5=OD . ····························································· (1分)当5==OD PD 时,点P 的坐标为(60),; ·············································· (1分) 当5==OD PO 时,点P 的坐标为(50),, ··············································· (1分) 当PD PO = 时,设点P 的坐标为(0)x ,)0(>x , ∴224)3(+-=x x ,得625=x ,∴点P 的坐标为25(0)6,. ················ (1分)综上所述,所求点P 的坐标是(60),、(50),或25(0)6,. (3) 当以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切时,若点P 的坐标为(60),,则圆P 的半径5=PD ,圆心距6=PO , ∴圆O 的半径1=r .························································································ (2分) 若点P 的坐标为(50),,则圆P 的半径52=PD ,圆心距5=PO , ∴圆O 的半径525-=r . ·········································································· (2分) 综上所述,所求圆O 的半径等于1或525-. 港中数学网25.解:(1) ∵BC AD //, ∴DBC ADB ∠=∠.∵2==AB AD ,∴ADB ABD ∠=∠.∴ABD DBC ∠=∠. ∵︒=∠90ABC .∴︒=∠45PBC . ······························································· (1分)∵ABADPC PQ =,AB AD =,点Q 与点B 重合,∴PC PQ PB ==. ∴︒=∠=∠45PBC PCB . ··············································································· (1分) ∴︒=∠90BPC . ····························································································· (1分)在Rt △BPC 中,22345cos 3cos =︒⨯=⋅=C BC PC . ·························· (1分) (2) 过点P 作BC PE ⊥,AB PF ⊥,垂足分别为E 、F . ························· (1分)∴︒=∠=∠=∠90BEP FBE PFB .∴四边形FBEP 是矩形. ∴BC PF //,BF PE =.∵BC AD //,∴AD PF //.∴ABADBF PF =. ∵23=AD ,2=AB ,∴43=PE PF . ······························································ (1分)∵x QB AB AQ -=-=2,3=BC ,∴22APQ x S PF -=△,32PBC S PE =△. ∴42x S S PBC APQ -=∆∆,即42x y -= . ······························································ (2分) 函数的定义域是0≤x ≤87. ·········································································· (1分)(3) 过点P 作BC PM ⊥,AB PN ⊥,垂足分别为M 、N .易得四边形PNBM 为矩形,∴BC PN //,BN PM =,︒=∠90MPN .∵BC AD //,∴AD PN //.∴AB AD BN PN =.∴ABADPM PN =. ····················· (1分) ∵AB AD PC PQ =,∴PCPQPM PN =. ······································································ (1分) 又∵︒=∠=∠90PNQ PMC ,∴Rt △PCM ∽Rt △PQN . ···················· (1分) ∴QPN CPM ∠=∠. ····················································································· (1分) ∵︒=∠90MPN ,∴︒=∠=∠+∠=∠+∠90MPN QPM QPN QPM CPM , 即︒=∠90QPC . ···························································································· (1分)。

2009年上海市中考数学及答案

2009年上海市中考数学及答案

1 / 82009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)考生注意:1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题;2.答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效.3.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上.】1.计算32()a的结果是()A.5a B.6a C.8a D.9a2.不等式组1021xx???????,的解集是()A.1x?? B.3x? C.13x??? D.31x???3.用换元法解分式方程13101xxxx?????时,如果设1xyx??,将原方程化为关于y的整式方程,那么这个整式方程是()A.230yy??? B.2310yy???C.2310yy??? D.2310yy???4.抛物线22()yxmn???(mn,是常数)的顶点坐标是()A.()mn, B.()mn?, C.()mn?, D.()mn??,5.下列正多边形中,中心角等于内角的是()A.正六边形 B.正五边形 C.正四边形 C.正三边形6.如图1,已知ABCDEF∥∥,那么下列结论正确的是()A.ADBCDFCE? B.BCDFCEAD?C.CDBCEFBE? D.CDADEFAF?二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)【请将结果直线填入答题纸的相应位置】7.分母有理化:.8.方程11x??的根是 A B D C E F图115?.2 / 89.如果关于x的方程20xxk???(k为常数)有两个相等的实数根,那么k?10.已知函数1()1fxx??,那么(3)f?11.反比例函数2yx?图像的两支分别在第象限.12.将抛物线2yx?向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是13.如果从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,那么小明被选中的概率是14.某商品的原价为100元,如果经过两次降价,且每次降价的百分率都是m,那么该商品现在的价格是元(结果用含m的代数式表示).15.如图2,在ABC△中,AD是边BC上的中线,设向量,如果用向量a,b表示向量AD,那么AD= 16.在圆O中,弦AB的长为6,它所对应的弦心距为4,那么半径OA?17.在四边形ABCD中,对角线AC与BD互相平分,交点为O.在不添加任何辅助线的前提下,要使四边形ABCD成为矩形,还需添加一个条件,这个条件可以是18.在RtABC△中,903BACABM???°,,为边BC上的点,联结AM(如图3所示).如果将ABM△沿直线AM翻折后,点B恰好落在边AC的中点处,那么点M到AC的距离是三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.(本题满分10分)计算:22221(1)121aaaaaa????????.20.(本题满分10分)解方程组:21220yxxxy????????,①.②21.(本题满分10分,每小题满分各5分)如图4,在梯形ABCD中,86012ADBCABDCBBC?????∥,,°,,联结AC.(1)求tanACB?的值;(2)若MN、分别是ABDC、的中点,联结MN,求线段MN的长.22.(本题满分10分,第(1)小题满分2分,第(2)小题满分3分,第(3)小题满分2分,第(4)小题满分3分)为了了解某校初中男生的身体素质状况,在该校六年级至九年级共四个年级的男生中,分别抽取部分学生进行“引体向上”测试.所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数情况如表一所示;各年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率如图5所示(其中六年级相关数据未标出).图2ACDBA 图3B M CA D C图4 B BCb?ABa?.3 / 8数1表一根据上述信息,回答下列问题(直接写出结果):(1)六年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率是;(2)在所有被测试者中,九年级的人数是;(3)在所有被测试者中,“引体向上”次数不小于6的人数所占的百分率是;(4)在所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数中,众数是23.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分)已知线段AC与BD相交于点O,联结ABDC、,E为OB的中点,F为OC的中点,联结EF(如图6所示).(1)添加条件AD???,OEFOFE???,求证:ABDC?.(2)分别将“AD???”记为①,“OEFOFE???”记为②,“ABDC?”记为③,添加条件①、③,以②为结论构成命题1,添加条件②、③,以①为结论构成命题2.命题1是命题,命题2是命题(选择“真”或“假”填入空格).24(本题满分12分,每小题满分各4分)在直角坐标平面内,O为原点,点A的坐标为(10),,点C的坐标为(04),,直线CMx∥轴(如图7所示).点B与点A关于原点对称,直线yxb??(b为常数)经过点B,且与直线CM相交于点D,联结OD.(1)求b的值和点D的坐标;(2)设点P在x轴的正半轴上,若POD△是等腰三角形,求点P的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,如果以PD为半径的圆P与圆O外切,求圆O的半径.25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知9ABC??°,,,∥,为线段BD上的动点,点Q在射线AB上,且满足PQADPCAB?(如图8所示).(1)当2AD?,且点Q与点B重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC的长;(2)在图8中,联结AP.当32AD?,且点Q在线段AB上时,设点BQ、之间的距离九年级八年级七年级六年级 25%30%25% 图5 图6 O D CAB E FC MOxy 12 34 1?图7A 1B Dyxb??4 / 8为x,APQPBC SyS?△△,其中APQS△表示APQ△的面积,PBC S△表示PBC△的面积,求y关于x的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域;(3)当ADAB?,且点Q在线段AB的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC?的大小.2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷答案要点与评分标准说明:1.解答只列出试题的一种或几种解法.如果考生的解法与所列解法不同,可参照解答中评分标准相应评分;2.第一、二大题若无特别说明,每题评分只有满分或零分;3.第三大题中各题右端所注分数,表示考生正确做对这一步应得分数;4.评阅试卷,要坚持每题评阅到底,不能因考生解答中出现错误而中断对本题的评阅.如果考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响后继部分而未改变本题的内容和难度,视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分,但原则上不超过后继部分应得分数的一半;5.评分时,给分或扣分均以1分为基本单位.一.选择题:(本大题共6题,满分24分)1. B; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B; 5.C; 6.A.1、2、解:解不等式①,得x>-1,解不等式②,得x<3,所以不等式组的解集为-1<x<3,故选C.3、4、5、6、二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分)7.; ADPC B Q 图8 DAP C B(Q)图9 图10C ADPB Q5 / 88.2?x;解:由题意知x-1=1,解得x=2.9.14;10.?12;11.一、三;12.21yx??;解:由“上加下减”的原则可知,将抛物线y=x2-2向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是,y=x2-2+1,即y=x2-1.故答案为:y=x2-1.1316;解:因为从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,可能出现的结果有6种,选中小明的可能性有一种,所以小明被选中的概率是1/ 6.14.2)1(100m?;解:第一次降价后价格为100(1-m),第二次降价是在第一次降价后完成的,所以应为100(1-m)(1-m),即100(1-m)2.15.ba??21?;解:因为向量 AB = a , BC = b ,根据平行四边形法则,可得: AB = a , BC = b , AC = AB + BC =a+b,又因为在△ABC中,AD是BC边上的中线,所以16.5;17.ACBD?(或???90ABC等);解:∵对角线AC与BD互相平分,∴四边形ABCD是平行四边形,要使四边形ABCD成为矩形,需添加一个条件是:AC=BD或有个内角等于90度.18. 2.6 / 8三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.解:原式=2)1()1)(1(111)1(2????????aaaaaa···········································(7分)=1112????aaa·······································································(1分)=11??aa··············································································(1分)=1?.················································································(1分)20.解:由方程①得1??xy,③························································(1分)将③代入②,得02)1(22????xxx,··········································(1分)整理,得022???xx,······························································(2分)解得1221xx???,,··································································(3分)分别将1221xx???,代入③,得1230yy??,,··························(2分)所以,原方程组的解为1123xy?????,;2210.xy??????,·····································(1分)21.解:(1)过点A作BCAE?,垂足为E.···········································(1分)在Rt△ABE中,∵???60B,8?AB,∴460cos8cos??????BABBE,··············································(1 分)3460sin8sin??????BABAE.··················································(1分)∵12?BC,∴8?EC.·······························································(1 分)在Rt△AEC中,23834tan????ECAEACB.···································(1分)(2)在梯形ABCD中,∵DCAB?,???60B,∴··············(1分)过点D作BCDF?,垂足为F,∵?????90AECDFC,∴DFAE//..∵BCAD//,∴四边形AEFD是平行四边形.∴EFAD?.····················(1分)在Rt△DCF中,460cos8cos???????DCFDCFC,····················(1分)∴4???FCECEF.∴4?AD.∵M、N分别是AB、DC的中点,∴821242?????BCADMN.·······(2分)22.(1)%20;·················································································(2分)(2)6;···················································································(3分)7 / 8(3)%35;················································································(2分)(4)5.······················································································(3分)23.(1)证明:OFEOEF??? ,∴OFOE?.···································································(1∵E为OB的中点,F为OC的中∴OEOB2?,OFOC2?. (1)OCOB?.···································································(1∵DA???,DOCAOB???,∴△AOB≌△DCAB??.···································································(1分)(2)真;························································································(3分)假.···························································································(3分)24.解:(1)∵点A的坐标为(10),,点B与点A关于原点对称,∴点B的坐标为(10)?,.·································································(1分)∵直线bxy??经过点B,∴01???b,得1?b.···························(1分)∵点C的坐标为(04),,直线xCM//轴,∴设点D的坐标为(4)x,.·······(1分)∵直线1??xy与直线CM相交于点D,∴3?x.∴D的坐标为(34),.…(1分)(2)∵D的坐标为(34),,∴5?OD.···············································(1分)当5??ODPD时,点P的坐标为(60),;·····································(1分)当5??ODPO时,点P的坐标为(50),,·····································(1分)当PDPO?时,设点P的坐标为(0)x,)0(?x,∴224)3(???xx,得625?x,∴点P的坐标为25(0)6,.···········(1分)综上所述,所求点P的坐标是(60),、(50),或25(0)6,.(3)当以PD为半径的圆P与圆O外切时,若点P的坐标为(60),,则圆P的半径5?PD,圆心距6?PO,∴圆O的半径1?r.·····································································(2分)若点P的坐标为(50),,则圆P的半径52?PD,圆心距5?PO,∴圆O的半径525??r.··························································(2分)综上所述,所求圆O的半径等于1或525?.25.解:(1)∵BCAD//,∴DBCADB???.∵2??ABAD,∴ADBABD???.∴ABDDBC???.∵???90ABC.∴???45PBC.················································(1分)∵ABADPCPQ?,ABAD?,点Q与点B重合,∴PCPQPB??.∴?????45PBCPCB.······························································(1分)∴???90BPC.·········································································(1分)在Rt△BPC中,22345cos3cos??????CBCPC.····················(1分)(2)过点P作BCPE?,ABPF?,垂足分别为E、F.····················(1分)∴???????90BEPFBEPFB.∴四边形FBEP是矩形.∴BCPF//,BFPE?.∵BCAD//,∴ADPF//.∴ABADBFPF?.8 / 8∵23?AD,2?AB,∴43?PEPF.················································(1分)∵xQBABAQ????2,3?BC,∴22APQ xSPF??△,32PBC SPE?△.∴42xSS PBCAPQ????,即42xy??·················································(2分)函数的定义域是0≤x≤87.···························································(1分)(3)过点P作BCPM?,ABPN?,垂足分别为M、N.易得四边形PNBM为矩形,∴BCPN//,BNPM?,???90MPN.∵BCAD//,∴ADPN//.∴ABADBNPN?.∴ABADPMPN?.··············(1分)∵ABADPCPQ?,∴PCPQPMPN?.······················································(1分)又∵?????90PNQPMC,∴Rt△PCM∽Rt△PQN.···············(1分)∴QPNCPM???.···································································(1分)∵???90MPN,∴???????????90MPNQPMQPNQPMCPM,即???90QPC.·········································································(1分)。

2009年上海中考试卷(答案)

2009年上海中考试卷(答案)

2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数 学 卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分) 1.计算32()a 的结果是( B ) A .5aB .6aC .8aD .9a2.不等式组1021x x +>⎧⎨-<⎩,的解集是( C )A .1x >-B .3x <C .13x -<<D .31x -<<3.用换元法解分式方程13101x x x x --+=-时,如果设1x y x-=,将原方程化为关于y 的整式方程,那么这个整式方程是( A ) A .230y y +-= B .2310y y -+=C .2310y y -+=D .2310y y --=4.抛物线22()y x m n =++(m n ,是常数)的顶点坐标是( B ) A .()m n ,B .()m n -,C .()m n -,D .()m n --,5.下列正多边形中,中心角等于内角的是( C )A .正六边形B .正五边形C .正四边形 C .正三边形6.如图1,已知AB CD EF ∥∥,那么下列结论正确的是(A )A .AD BCDF CE = B .BC DFCE AD =C .CD BCEF BE= D .CD ADEF AF= 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 7.分母有理化:81=的根是 x=2 .9.如果关于x 的方程20x x k -+=(k 为常数)有两个相等的实数根,那么k =.10.已知函数1()1f x x =-,那么(3)f = —1/2 .11.反比例函数2y x=图像的两支分别在第 I III 象限.A B D C E F图1=14512.将抛物线2y x =-2向上平移一个单位后,得以新的抛物线,那么新的抛物线的表达式是 2y x =-1 .13.如果从小明等6名学生中任选1名作为“世博会”志愿者,那么小明被选中的概率是 1/6 .14.某商品的原价为100元,如果经过两次降价,且每次降价的百分率都是m ,那么该商品现在的价格是100*(1—m)^2 元(结果用含m 的代数式表示).15.如图2,在ABC △中,AD 是边BC 上的中线,设向量 , 如果用向量a ,b 表示向量AD ,那么AD =a +(b/2).16.在圆O 中,弦AB 的长为6,它所对应的弦心距为4,那么半径OA = 5 .17.在四边形ABCD 中,对角线AC 与BD 互相平分,交点为O .在不添加任何辅助线的前提下,要使四边形ABCD 成为矩形,还需添加一个条件,这个条件可以是AC=BD 或者有个内角等于90度 .18.在Rt ABC △中,903BAC AB M ∠==°,,为边BC 上的点,联结AM (如图3所示).如果将ABM △沿直线AM 翻折后,点B 恰好落在边AC 的中点处,那么点M 到AC 的距离是 2 .三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.(本题满分10分)计算:22221(1)121a a a a a a +-÷+---+. = —120.(本题满分10分) 解方程组:21220y x x xy -=⎧⎨--=⎩,①.②(X=2 y=3 ) (x=-1 y=0) 21.(本题满分10分,每小题满分各5分)如图4,在梯形ABCD 中,86012AD BC AB DC B BC ==∠==∥,,°,,联结AC .(1)求tan ACB ∠的值;(2)若M N 、分别是AB DC 、的中点,联结MN ,求线段MN 的长. (1) 二分之根号3 (2)8图2A 图3B M CA D C图4 B AB a =22.(本题满分10分,第(1)小题满分2分,第(2)小题满分3分,第(3)小题满分2分,第(4)小题满分3分)为了了解某校初中男生的身体素质状况,在该校六年级至九年级共四个年级的男生中,分别抽取部分学生进行“引体向上”测试.所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数情况如表一所示;各年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率如图5所示(其中六年级相关数据未标出).表一根据上述信息,回答下列问题(直接写出结果): (1)六年级的被测试人数占所有被测试人数的百分率是 20% ;(2)在所有被测试者中,九年级的人数是 6 ; (3)在所有被测试者中,“引体向上”次数不小于6的人数所占的百分率是 35% ;(4)在所有被测试者的“引体向上”次数中,众数是 5 .23.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分)已知线段AC 与BD 相交于点O ,联结AB DC 、,E 为OB的中点,F 为OC 的中点,联结EF (如图6所示).(1)添加条件A D ∠=∠,OEF OFE ∠=∠,求证:AB DC =. 证明:由已知条件得:2OE=2OC OB=OC 又 A D ∠=∠角AOB=角DOC 所以三角形ABO 全等于三角形DOC 所以AB DC =(2)分别将“A D ∠=∠”记为①,“OEF OFE ∠=∠”记为②,“AB DC =”记为③,添加条件①、③,以②为结论构成命题1,添加条件②、③,以①为结论构成命题2.命题1是 真 命题,命题2是 假 命题(选择“真”或“假”填入空格).九年级 八年级 七年级六年级 25%30%25% 图5 图6 O D CAB E F24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各4分)在直角坐标平面内,O 为原点,点A 的坐标为(10),,点C 的坐标为(04),,直线CM x ∥轴(如图7所示).点B 与点A 关于原点对称,直线y x b =+(b 为常数)经过点B ,且与直线CM 相交于点D ,联结OD . (1)求b 的值和点D 的坐标; (2)设点P 在x 轴的正半轴上,若POD △是等腰三角形,求点P 的坐标; (3)在(2)的条件下,如果以PD 为半径的圆P 与圆O 外切,求圆O 的半径.解:(1)点B (—1,0),代入得到 b=1 直线BD : y=x+1 Y=4代入 x=3 点D (3,4) (2)1、PO=OD=5 则P (5,0)2、PD=OD=5 则PO=2*3=6 则点P (6,0)3、PD=PO 设P (x ,0) D (3,4)则由勾股定理 解得 x=25/6 则点P (25/6,0)(3)由P ,D 两点坐标可以算出:1、r=5—2、PD=5 r=13、PD=25/6 r=0(网上答案保留,但是我建议舍掉)xb25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知9023ABC AB BC AD BC P ∠===°,,,∥,为线段BD 上的动点,点Q 在射线AB 上,且满足PQ AD PC AB=(如图8所示). (1)当2AD =,且点Q 与点B 重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC 的长; (2)在图8中,联结AP .当32AD =,且点Q 在线段AB 上时,设点B Q 、之间的距离为x ,APQ PBCS y S =△△,其中APQ S △表示APQ △的面积,PBC S △表示PBC △的面积,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域;(3)当AD AB <,且点Q 在线段AB 的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC ∠的大小.解:(1)AD=2,且Q 点与B 点重合,根据题意,∠PBC=∠PDA ,因为∠A=90。

2009年上海市初中数学学科学业考试的思考1

2009年上海市初中数学学科学业考试的思考1

2009年上海市初中数学学科学业考试的思考上海市2009年初中数学学科学业考试试卷,是我市全面实施新课程标准以来的第一次中考招生考试,试卷能依据《课程标准》和《上海市初级中学数学学科教学基本要求》,较好地贯彻了初中学业考试的指导思想。

这份试卷在命题思路、题型结构、分数分布等方面,与去年试卷保持了相对的连续性和稳定性,考查内容与去年相比增加了概率和向量的考查,整卷突出了对基本知识和基本技能的考查,又突出考查了学生对数学思想方面的理解与动手操作、实践、探究、归纳总结的能力。

一、试题概况(一)、试卷的结构2009年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学卷命题细目表(二)、试题的基本特点整卷较好地渗透了《课程标准》的教学理念,体现了数学来源于生活、服务于生活的宗旨,具有一定的人文性和趣味性,充分说明了学习数学的趣味和价值。

试卷难易梯度较为合理,灵活性比往年有所提升,对全面提高学生综合素质具有一定的导向作用,对教师深刻领会《课标》理念,改进教育、教学方式、重视学法指导、提高课堂教学效率都有较大的促进作用,具体表现在以下几个方面:1、保持了一定的稳定性,确保教学工作有章可循,试题紧扣教学基本要求和教材,全卷有80%左右的试题内容来源于课本,但又不拘泥于课本,做到以课程标准为纲,以学科教学基本要求为本,以教材为立足点,这对今后数学教学起到了正确的导向作用,有利于广大师生把教与学的精力都集中到课程标准、教学基本要求和教材上来,对进一步减轻学生的负担,把学生从“题海”中解放出来,具有积极的促进作用。

2、渗透了课程标准的理念,加强了数学与日常生活的联系,突出了实用数学的思想,如考查运用概率知识解决身边问题的第13题,利用连续增长或降低的百分比问题解决身边物价变动问题的第14题、折叠问题的第18题、概率知识的第19题、运用统计知识解决身边问题的第22题,背景贴近生活,使学生对试题感到熟悉与亲切,体现了数学有用的思想,增强了试卷的教育意义。

2009年上海市中考数学压轴题几何背景探寻和思考

2009年上海市中考数学压轴题几何背景探寻和思考

2009年上海市中考数学压轴题几何背景探寻和思考作者:刘颖颋来源:《中学数学杂志(初中版)》2009年第04期近几年来,全国各省市的数学中考压轴题大部分都有一个很明确的几何背景,今年的上海市中考数学压轴题也是如此.图1背景1 如图1,点P是正方形ABCD对角线上任意一点. 求证:PA=PC.证明因为四边形ABCD是正方形,所以AB=CB,∠ABP=∠CBP=45°,又因为BP=BP,所以△ABP≌△=PC.背景2 接上题,以P为圆心,以PA为半径画弧交AB,如图2(或AB的延长线)于点Q. 求证:PQ⊥PC.图2图3证明因为PA=PQ,所以∠1=∠3,又因为△ABP≌△∠1=∠∠1=∠2=∠3,而∠3+∠∠2+∠4=180°,又因为∠QBC=90°,所以∠⊥PC,当点Q在AB的延长线上时,如图3,因为∠2=∠3;∠4=∠5,所以△BQH∽△CPH,所以∠⊥PC.背景3 反过来,若将一个直角顶点放在正方形的对角线上移动,一条直角边过点C ,另一条直角边与正方形的边(或边的延长线)AB交于点Q. 求证:PQ=PC.证明如图4,5,过P作MN平行于BC交AB、CD于M、N,因为∠1+∠QPC=∠2+∠∠1=∠2,又因为∠而∠QMP=∠△QMP≌△图4图5从上述的几个背景看出,当∠QPC=90°时,一定有PQ=PC,即PQPC=ADAB;但反过来当PQPC=ADAB,即PQ=PC时,因为有PA=PC时∠APC=90°不一定成立,所以∠QPC=90°不一定能够成立.下面我们将背景弱化:背景4 若将一个直角顶点放在长方形的对角线上移动,一条直角边过点C ,另一条直角边与长方形的边(或边的延长线)AB交于点Q,如图6,7. 求证:PQPC=ADAB.图6图7证明易证:△QMP∽△背景5 如图8,矩形ABCD的AB=a,AD=b,点P在对角线BD上运动,点Q在射线AB 上运动,若PQPC=ADAB,试探索a,b满足什么条件时,会有PQ⊥PC.探索正常情况下,△QMP∽△∠⊥PC.但若点Q关于MN的对称点也在射线AB上时,如同上述背景一样,连,∠就不一定成立了.这里:MQPN=PQPC=ba;PNDN=PNAM=BCCD=ba.两式相乘:--从这两个背景看出,当∠QPC=90°时,一定有PQPC=ADAB;但反过来当PQPC=ADAB 时,∠QPC=90°若遇到b>a时就一定能成立.图8图9背景6 如图9,四边形ABCD是梯形,AD∥BC,∠ABC=90°,若将一个直角顶点放在对角线BD上移动,一条直角边过点C ,另一条直角边与腰AB(或AB的延长线)交于点Q. 求证:PQPC=ADAB.证明易证:△QMP∽△图10背景7 如图10,四边形ABCD是梯形,AD∥BC,∠ABC=90°, AB=a,BC=b,AD=x,点P在对角线BD上运动,点Q在射线AB上运动,若PQPC=ADAB,试探索x与a、b之间应该满足什么条件时,一定会有PQ⊥PC .探索正常情况下,PQPC=ADAB=MPMB=MP△QMP∽△∠⊥PC.分析:若点Q关于MN的对称点也在射线AB上时,如同上述背景一样,连结,∠就不一定成立了. 所以这里我们应该关注使∠不一定成立的点最低”位置,其实它就在A点. 并且要使得点Q1的位置“最低”,那么点P的位置只能与点B重合(如图11). 图11图12这时△Q′DP∽△PQC,且又因为PQPC=ADAB,而当时,在AB、BC都是定值的情况下,PQ也就变大了,即Q′点就不在射线AB上了(而是在射线BA上了),那样∠Q′PC=90′就不一定成立了(如图12).2009年上海市中考数学压轴题:25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知∠ABC=90°,AB=2,BC=3,AD∥BC,P为线段BD上的动点,点Q在射线AB上,且满足PQPC=ADAB(如图13所示).(1)当AD=2,且点Q与点B重合时(如图14所示),求线段PC的长;(2)在图13中,连结AP.当AD=32,且点Q在线段AB上时,设B、Q点之间的距离为x,△△,其中△表示△的面积,△表示△的面积,求y关于x的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域;(3)当AD图13图14图15第一步:对所给的主条件进行分析,做“先期准备”,我们发现当“点P为线段BD上的动点,点Q在射线AB上,且满足PQPC=ADAB(如图13所示)”时,一定有∠QPC=90°.第二步:做第一小题时,我们知道AD=AB时一定有PB=PC,又因为有∠∠∠PBC=90°-∠又因为出题者的本意是想给同学一个∠QPC=90°的提示的. 但是这个提示不明显,直接影响了后面的作图和解决问题,第一小题“铺垫”的目的没有很好地达到.图16第三步:第二小题的条件在主条件上加了一个AD=32,所以我们还要对这个AB=2,BC=3,AD=32的等腰梯形单独地做个分析:如图16,这时的△ADB是各边之比3︰4︰5的直角三角形,(它也可以推出△PQC也是各边之比为3︰4︰5的直角三角形)又因为BC=2AD,也容易证明△DBC为等腰三角形,DC=DB等等.第四步:画出所有运动状态,在“极限图形”中求出x等于多少?y存在还是不存在?要注意这里的“点P为线段BD上的动点,点Q在线段AB上”,所以有三个图:在图17中x=0,y是存在的,在图19中而,这时y也是存在的.所以x的取值范围应该是:0≤x≤78.在图18中我们容易知道:y=12(2---x3•ADAB=2-x3×34=2-x4.第五步:在做第三小题时,由于题中已经明确有“点Q在线段AB的延长线上时、如图15所示”两个明确条件,所以我们在背景中考虑的另类情况在这里就没有必要讨论了.图17图18图19最后看来,除了第一小题有点值得商榷外,今年上海市的压轴题紧扣教材(所有的背景都在初二几何证明部分中出现过),注重双基,不偏不怪,也有一定的分析问题、解决问题的能力要求和数学计算要求. 确实是一道好题.。

关于上海中考数学的试卷分析

关于上海中考数学的试卷分析

关于上海中考数学的试卷分析关于上海中考数学的试卷分析整体难度求稳定试卷的整体难度相比去年没有太大的变化,仍旧控制在8:1:1,代数、几何分值比仍接近6:4,题型、每大题分值都与去年完全一致,试卷一如既往地忠于教材,重点考查学生的数学基础知识和基本运算能力。

填空题只考查一个知识点,一个概念或一次运算,第13至23题难度基本与课本练习题难度及去年同样位置试题难度持平,第17、18、19、23题论证要求适度,计算和推理结合简洁、合理,第24题、25考察反比例函数、一次函数、动态几何等内容,从内容和题目的结构上都不存在大的变化。

体现新课程理念(1)试题注意对应用数学知识解决身边实际问题和数学问题能力的考查,第20题的上网时间调查、第21题的药费降价问题均为学生关心的话题及社会热点,用学生熟悉的生活作为试题背景,让学生在解决问题中体会“数学生活化”、“学有用的数学”的学习理念。

(2)试题的编制形式多样,第20、21题以图表的形式给出已知条件,让学生从众多的信息中分析、筛选出对解决问题有用的信息,整张试卷(包含图表在内)的图形多达12个,充分体现数形结合、从图形中获取信息的教学要求,符合现代社会对能力的最新需求,符合二期课改提出的以学生发展为式容易使学生产生用相似形知识解决问题的正确思路,但第三问的设计,对学生的读题、理解、画图、分析、综合解决问题的能力要求较高,它能区分学生是否具有分类讨论思想、是否能运用思维的灵活性和严谨性画出图形,完成正确的讨论,学生具有多大的学习潜力,能通过该问题的解决过程很好地鉴别出来。

2019年上海中考数学试题,总体上仍遵循了近些年来“保持稳定,重视基础,体现教育功能”的命题方向和风格,在体现学业水平考试功能和兼顾选拔功能的具体做法上,又体现出“稳定中渗透新理念,稳定中体现区分度”的特点。

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以几何图形为背景的压轴题闵行中心马德岩近年中考试题或模拟考题能反映命题风格、命题热点、命题形式(特别是新题型)的新动向、新导向,以近年中考题为基本素材,有利于考生适应中考情境,提高中考复习的针对性。

中考题型的创新形式主要有:情景题、应用题、开放题、操作题、探索题等,体现出“经历、体验、探索”的过程性目标。

此类题目是学生得分的薄弱环节,主要涉及到的题目为:图形翻折、平移、旋转的运动变化、函数思想的形成、方程思想的建立等等。

应对此类问题学生应该要用数学的眼光观察世界,用数学知识、数学思想方法去分析问题、解决问题。

这类试题往往情景较为新颖,问题也较为灵活,每年的分值在25分左右。

下面以2009年上海中考最后一题为点来分析这类问题解决的方法。

已知9023ABC AB BC AD BC P ∠===°,,,∥,为线段BD 上的动点,点Q 在射线AB 上,且满足PQ ADPC AB=(如图8所示). (1)当2AD =,且点Q 与点B 重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC 的长;(2)在图8中,联结AP .当32AD =,且点Q 在线段AB 上时,设点B Q 、之间的距离为x ,APQ PBCS y S =△△,其中APQ S △表示APQ △的面积,PBC S △表示PBC △的面积,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域; (3)当AD AB <,且点Q 在线段AB 的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC ∠的大小.数学思想方法是数学知识在更高层次上的抽象和概括,在重点考查最基本、通用的数学规律和数学技能的同时,这道试题突出考查学生对数学思想方法的领悟。

解:(1)AD=2,且Q 点与B 点重合,根据题意,∠PDA ,因为∠A=90。

PQ/PC=AD/AB=1,所以:△PQC 为等腰直角三角形,BC=3,所以:PC=3 /2,(2)如图:根据题意,两个三角形的面积可以分别表示成S1,S2, 高分别是H ,h ,则:S1=(2-x )H/2=(2*3/2)/2-(x*H/2)-(3/2)*(2-h)/2S2=3*h/2 因为两S1/S2=y ,消去H,h,得:Y=-(1/4)*x+(1/2),定义域:当点P 运动到与D 点重合时,X 的取值就是最大值,当PC 垂直BD 时,这时X=0,连接DC,作QDADPCBQ 图8DAPCB(Q ) 图9图10CADPBQ垂直DC,由已知条件得:B、Q、D、C四点共圆,则由圆周角定理可以推知:三角形QDC相似于三角形ABD则QD/DC=AD/AB=3/4,令QD=3t,DC=4t,则:QC=5t,(t>0)由勾股定理得:直角三角形AQD中:(3/2)^2+(2-x)^2=(3t)^2直角三角形QBC中:3^2+x^2=(5t)^2整理得:(8x-7)(8x-43)=0得x1=7/8 x2=(43/8)>2(舍去) 所以函数:Y=-(1/4)*x+1/2的定义域为[0,7/8](3)因为:PQ/PC=AD/AB,假设PQ不垂直PC,则可以作一条直线PQ′垂直于PC,与AB交于Q′点,则:Q′,B,P,C四点共圆,由圆周角定理推知,三角形P Q′C相似于三角形ABD,根据相似三角形的性质得:PQ′/PC=AD/AB,又由于PQ/PC=AD/AB 所以,点Q′与点Q重合,所以角∠QPC=90。

近三年以来,上海中考对数学这个科目的考察越来越重视加强对探究能力、获取信息和处理信息能力、空间观念操作能力和综合运用数学知识解决问题能力的考查力度,加强对学生数学思维过程和思维方法的考查;如有关图形运动变换试题,重点对空间观念和动态图形处理能力的考查,从对静态图形的想象、简单动态图形的想象、复杂动态图形的想象等几个不同层次对考生能力作恰当要求。

而这样的题目对考生来说乍一看来是无从下手的,即使有的考生有能力完成,但限于时间上的要求往往不能全面的分析这类问题。

想要有条理的分析解决这类问题应该注重以下技能的培养①深刻理解基础知识,熟练掌握解题基本方法,努力形成解题基本技能。

②合理安排考试时间,书写做到数学语言是通用、精确、简约的科学语言。

③平时进行速度训练。

以此来加快书写速度,降低思维难度,提高解题质量。

而对于即将步入初三的学生来说,如何学会有效的学习,把学习效率发挥到及至,以下是几点建议:①中考试题或模拟考题经过考生的实践检验和广大教师的深入研讨,科学性强(漏洞也清楚),解题思路明朗,解题书写规范,评分标准清晰,是优质的训练素材。

②中考试题或模拟考题都努力抓课程的重点内容和重要方法,并且每套中考试题或模拟考题能覆盖全部知识点的60%~80%,几套试题一交叉,既保证了全面覆盖,又体现了重点突出。

以下是今年来涉及到得以几何图形为背景的压轴题目1、正方形ABCD的边长为2,E是射线CD上的动点(不与点D重合),直线AE交直线BC于点G,∠BAE的平分线交射线BC于点O.(1)如图8,当CE= 时,求线段BG的长;(2)当点O在线段BC上时,设,BO=y,求y关于x的函数解析式;(3)当CE=2ED时,求线段BO的长.(2008年中考真题25题)2、如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,AC=12,BC=16,动点P从点A出发沿AC边向点C以每秒3个单位长的速度运动,动点Q从点C出发沿CB边向点B以每秒4个单位长的速度运动.P,Q分别从点A,C 同时出发,当其中一点到达端点时,另一点也随之停止运动.在运动过程中,△PCQ关于直线PQ对称的图形是△PDQ.设运动时间为t(秒).(1)设四边形PCQD的面积为y,求y与t的函数关系式;(2)t 为何值时,四边形PQBA 是梯形?(3)是否存在时刻t ,使得PD ∥AB ?若存在,求出t 的值;若不存在,请说明理由;(4)通过观察、画图或折纸等方法,猜想是否存在时刻t ,使得PD ⊥AB ?若存在,请估计t 的值在括号中的哪个时间段内(0≤t ≤1;1<t ≤2;2<t ≤3;3<t ≤4);若不存在,请简要说明理由.3、如图,在等腰梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,AB =DC =50,AD =75,BC =135.点P 从点B 出发沿折线段BA -AD -DC 以每秒5个单位长的速度向点C 匀速运动;点Q 从点C 出发沿线段CB 方向以每秒3个单位长的速度匀速运动,过点Q 向上作射线QK ⊥BC ,交折线段CD -DA -AB 于点E .点P 、Q 同时开始运动,当点P 与点C 重合时停止运动,点Q 也随之停止.设点P 、Q 运动的时间是t 秒(t >0). (1)当点P 到达终点C 时,求t 的值,并指出此时BQ 的长; (2)当点P 运动到AD 上时,t 为何值能使P Q ∥DC ? (3)设射线QK 扫过梯形ABCD 的面积为S ,分别求出点E 运 动到CD 、DA 上时,S 与t 的函数关系式;(不必写出t 的取值范围)(4)△PQE 能否成为直角三角形?若能,写出t 的取值范围;若不能,请说明理由.、2009年上海市中考压轴题解题方法之我见黄浦中心 朱合强今年中考试卷压轴题综合考察了平面几何和函数相结合等有关知识,对于本题的考察上海市延续了几年,故对此题我们有研究的必要性!【原题再现】25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)已知9023ABC AB BC AD BC P ∠===°,,,∥,为线段BD 上的动点,点Q 在射线AB 上,且满足PQ AD PC AB =(如图8所示).(1)当2AD =,且点Q 与点B 重合时(如图9所示),求线段PC 的长;(2)在图8中,联结AP .当32AD =,且点Q 在线段AB 上时,设点B Q 、之间的距离为x ,APQPBC S y S =△△,其中APQS △表示APQ △的面积,PBC S △表示PBC △的面积,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数定义域;(3)当AD AB <,且点Q 在线段AB 的延长线上时(如图10所示),求QPC ∠的大小.分析:这道压轴试题遵循了以往的考试风格,是结合一个动点问题加上相似的综合考查,出题目模型也很是简单,重点考查学生的分析能力,画图能力,动点问题的试题只要学生能画出题目所有需要的最终图像那问题也便游刃而解。

从现在09年的几个区的二模压轴试题中也可以看到一些这类试题的影子。

例如09年的杨浦区的二区最后一题25.(本题14分)(第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题6分,第(3)小题4分)如图,梯形ABCD 中,AD//BC ,CD ⊥BC ,已知AB=5,BC=6,cosB=35.点O 为BC 边上的动点,联结OD ,以O 为圆心,BO 为半径的⊙O 分别交边AB 于点P ,交线段OD 于点M ,交射线BC 于点N ,联结MN .(1) 当BO=AD 时,求BP 的长;(2) 点O 运动的过程中,是否存在BP=MN 的情况?若存在,请求出当BO 为多长时BP=MN ;若不存在,请说明理由;(3) 在点O 运动的过程中,以点C 为圆心,CN 为半径作⊙C ,请直接写出当⊙C 存在时,⊙O 与⊙C 的位置关系,以及相应的⊙C 半径CN 的取值范围。

AD PCB Q 图8DAPCB(Q ) 图9图10CADPBQ今年的中考试题的解答如下:解:分析.因为有Q 点与B 点重合,重点抓住题目的这一重要条件: PQ/PC=AD/AB 便知△PQC 为等腰直角三角形,故易求的PC=3 /2 (1)AD=2,且Q 点与B 点重合,根据题意,∠PBC=∠PDA ,因为∠A=90。

PQ/PC=AD/AB=1,所以:△PQC 为等腰直角三角形,BC=3,所以:PC=3 /2,(2)分析.第二小题重点靠抓住作出两个三解形的高,设而不求,在结果中可以消去,从而达到求解的目的. 如图:添加辅助线,根据题意,两个三角形的面积可以分别表示成S1,S2, 高分别是H ,h , 则:S1=(2-x )H/2=(2*3/2)/2-(x*H/2)-(3/2)*(2-h)/2 S2=3*h/2 因为两S1/S2=y ,消去H,h,得: Y=-(1/4)*x+(1/2), 或者是y=(2-x )/4定义域:当点P 运动到与D 点重合时,X 的取值就是最大值,当PC 垂直BD 时,这时X=0,连接DC,作QD 垂直DC ,由已知条件得:B 、Q 、D 、C 四点共圆,则由圆周角定理可以推知:三角形QDC 相似于三角形ABDQD/DC=AD/AB=3/4,令QD=3t,DC=4t,则:QC=5t ,由勾股定理得: 直角三角形AQD 中:(3/2)^2+(2-x)^2=(3t)^2 直角三角形QBC 中:3^2+x^2=(5t)^2整理得:64x^2-400x+301=0 (8x-7)(8x-43)=0 得 x1=7/8 x2=(43/8)>2(舍去) 所以函数: Y=-(1/4)*x+1/2的定义域为[0,7/8]注意:在运动过程中应该保持PQ 垂直PC(3)分析.第三问可以直观的观察到QPC =90度.再想法利用比例关系不难证的.因为:PQ/PC=AD/AB,假设PQ 不垂直PC ,则可以作一条直线PQ′垂直于PC ,与AB 交于Q′点, 则:B ,Q′,P ,C 四点共圆,由圆周角定理,以及相似三角形的性质得:PQ′/PC=AD/AB,又由于PQ/PC=AD/AB 所以,点Q′与点Q 重合,所以角∠QPC=90。

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