高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答案2
高分子材料与工程专业英语
第二单元链式聚合反应Staudinger第一个发现一例现象，许多烯烃和不饱和烯烃通过打开双键可以形成链式大分子。
二烯烃以同样的方式聚合，然而，仅限于两个双键中的一个。
这类反应是通过单体分子首先加成到引发剂自由基或引发剂离子上而进行的，靠这些反应活性中心由引发剂转移到被加成的单体上。
以同样的方式，借助于链式反应，单体分子一个接一个地被加成（每秒2000～20000个单体）直到活性中心通过不同的反应类型而终止。
聚合反应是链式反应的原因有两种：因为反应动力学和因为作为反应产物它是一种链式分子。
链分子的长度与动力学链长成正比。
链式反应可以概括为以下过程（R·相当与引发剂自由基）：略借助于聚合度估算的分子链长，在一个大范围内可以通过选择适宜的反应条件被改变。
通常，通过大量地制备和利用聚合物，聚合度在1000～5000范围内，但在许多情况下可低于500、高于10000。
这不应该把所有聚合物材料的分子量理解为由500，或1000，或5000个单体单元组成。
在几乎所有的事例中，聚合物材料由不同聚合度的聚合物分子的混合物组成。
聚合反应，链式反应，依照与众所周知的氯（气）-氢（气）反应和光气的分解机理进行。
双键活化过程的引发剂反应，可以通过热、辐射、超声波或引发剂产生。
用自由基型或离子型引发剂引发链式反应可以很清楚地进行观察。
这些是高能态的化合物，它们能够加成不饱和化合物（单体）并保持自由基或离子活性中心以致单体可以以同样的方式进一步加成。
对于增长反应的各个步骤，每一步仅需要相当少的活化能，因此通过一步简单的活化反应（即引发反应）即可将许多烯类单体分子转化成聚合物，这正如连锁反应这个术语的内涵那样。
因为少量的引发剂引发形成大量的聚合物原料（1：1000～1：10000），从表面上看聚合反应很可能是催化反应。
由于这个原因，通常把聚合反应的引发剂看作是聚合反应的引发剂，但是，严格地讲它们不是真正意义上的催化剂，因为聚合反应的催化剂进入到反应内部而成为一部分，同时可以在反应产物，既聚合物的末端发现。
(完整版)高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料工程专业英语II.pdf
Unit 30: Synthetic Rubber (3rd-4th paragraph)
Two important developemnts occurred in the U. S. A. in the years immediately following World War I. The first was …. The second… Unitil comparatively recently, emulsion polymerisation has been the principal process for producing synthetic rubbers from their monomers… It is the presence of this chlorine atom in each repeat unit of the rubber molecule which gives the product its unusual properties, such as moderate resistance to swelling in hydrocarbon oils and resistance to deterioration by heat and ozone. …
Z. B. Guan, et al., Nat. Chem. 2012, DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.1314
K. Matyjaszewski and N. V. Tsarevsky, Nat. Chem. 2009, 1, 276-289.
Writing Practice 1. rubbery… could…into .. converted..solid ..be…a …isoprene
丁纳橡胶这个词作为德国在那时及其以后生产的的合成橡胶的通用名就是源于这一个 事实。
高分子专业英语答案
高分子专业英语答案【篇一：高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译(曹同玉,冯连芳)主编】txt>unit 1 what are polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？what are polymers? for one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. to contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. these big molecules or‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. to illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. when these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答案2
unit11.Not all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kind of repeating unit. At the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. Although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an amino acid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. In this case the molecular weight itself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. When the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。
在另一个极端的情形中，蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。
尽管在这个例子中，我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度，但是没有意义，因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。
在这种情况下，一般是分子量本身而不是聚合度被用来描述这个分子。
高分子材料工程专业外语第二版(UNIT23-32译文)
高分子材料工程专业外语（第二版）UNIT23-32注：本次译文纯人工操作，如有问题，尽量谅解哈~UNIT 23 聚合物加工在其最一般的情况下，聚合物加工涉及固态（有时是液态）聚合物树脂以一种不规则的形式（如：粉状、球状、珠粒状）转化成一种具有特殊形状、尺寸和性能的固态塑料制品。
这通过转变过程来实现：挤出、模塑、压延、涂覆、热成型等。
为了实现上面的目的，加工过程通常涉及下述操作：固体输送、压缩、加热、熔融、混合、成型、冷却、固化及修饰。
显然，这些操作不必按序发生，而许多可以同时发生。
通过成型可以赋予材料所需要的几何形状和尺寸。
它包括黏弹性形变和热成型，这种黏弹性形变和热传递是和产品从熔体的固化相联系的。
成型包括：（1）二维操作，如：口模成型、压延及涂覆。
（2）三维的模塑和成型操作。
二维的操作要么是连续的固定队的形状（如：薄膜及片材挤出、电线的涂层、纸和片材涂覆、压延、纤维纺丝、管材和型材挤出等），要么是间歇式的，在挤出的情况下伴有间歇挤出吹膜。
通常模塑成型操作是间歇式的，然而它们倾向于非固定条件。
热成型、真空成型及类似过程可以被看做是二次成型操作，因为它们通常包括已成型形状的再次成型。
在某些情况下，像吹塑，加工包括首次成型（型坯形成）和二次成型（型坯膨胀）。
成型操作包括同时或交错的液体流动和热传递。
在二维加工中，固化伴随着成型加工，反之在三维加工的固化和成型往往在模具中同时发生。
根据材料的性质、设备和加工条件的不同，流动形式以及根据流动面的自由与否，通常包含剪切流动、拉伸流动及挤压流动。
经历了流动和固化的聚合物热机械历史导致了加工产品中微观结构（形态学、结晶度及取向分布）的发展。
产品的最终性能与微观结构是紧密相关的。
因此，加工和产品质量的控制必须基于在树脂性能、设备设计、操作条件、热机械历史、微观结构和最终产品性能之间相互作用的了解。
数学建模和计算机模拟被同时用于获得这些相互间作用的了解。
鉴于进一步利用计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造/计算机辅助工程（CAD/CAM/CAE）系统协同塑料塑料加工诸如这一趋近获得了更多的重要性。
高分子材料与应用(英文版) Chapter 2 Commodity Plastics幻灯片PPT
Of the seven symbols used for domestic recycling, 5 of them are for commodity plastics.
Polyolefins
PP and PE are often given a special name, polyolefins
Crystalline - The polymer chains form a regular pattern. Molecular structure forms regular order (crystals) with molecules or portions of molecules regularly stacked in crystal-like fashion. Molecular arrangement is arranged in an ordered fashion.
• HDPE is probably the most common form people are familiar with so the properties provided will be for HDPE
• LDPE – Low Density Polyethylene
Commodity PlasticsCmmodity Plastics
Polyethylene
History – Polyethylene (PE) was developed in 1898 by a German chemist named Hans von Pechmann. He prepared it by accident while heating diazomethane.
高分子材料专业英语第二版(曹同玉,冯连芳,张菊华)课后例句翻译
Unit11.The essentially the ‘giantness’of the size of the polymer molecule that makes its behavior different from that of a commonly known chemical compound such as benzene.实质上，正是由于聚乙烯的巨大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于像苯这样的一般化合物（的性能）。
2.The globules of polyvinyl alcohol firstly absorb water,swell and get distorbed in shape and aftera long time go into solution.聚乙烯醇颗粒首先吸水溶胀，发生变形，经过很长的时间以后，（聚乙烯醇分子）进入到溶液中。
3.Another peculiarity is that ,in water,polyvinyl alcohol never retains its original powdery nature as the excess sodium chloride does in a saturated salt solution.另一个特点是，在水中聚乙烯醇不会像过量的氯化钠在饱和盐溶液中那样能保持其初始的粉末状态。
UNIT21.The initiation of the chain reaction can be observed most clearly with radical or ionic initiators.用自由基型引发剂或离子型引发剂引发连锁反应可以很清楚的进行观察。
2.Such reactions occur through the initial addition of a monomer molecule to an initiator radical or an initiator ion,by which the active state is transferred from the added monomer.这样的反应是通过单体分子首先加成到引发剂自由基或引发剂离子上而进行的，靠这些活性中心由引发剂转移到被加成的单体上。
高分子材料工程专业英语第二版（曹同玉）课后单词电子教案
⾼分⼦材料⼯程专业英语第⼆版（曹同⽟）课后单词电⼦教案⾼分⼦材料⼯程专业英语第⼆版(曹同⽟)课后单词专业英语accordion ⼿风琴activation 活化（作⽤）addition polymer 加成聚合物，加聚物aggravate 加重，恶化agitation 搅拌agrochemical 农药，化肥Alfin catalyst 醇（碱⾦属）烯催化剂align 排列成⾏aliphatic 脂肪（族）的alkali metal 碱⾦属allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝amidation 酰胺化（作⽤）amino 氨基，氨基的amorphous ⽆定型的，⾮晶体的anionic 阴（负）离⼦的antioxidant 抗氧剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂aromatic 芳⾹（族）的arrangement （空间）排布，排列atactic ⽆规⽴构的attraction 引⼒，吸引backbone 主链，⾻⼲behavior 性能，⾏为biological ⽣物（学）的biomedical ⽣物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能boundary 界限，范围brittle 脆的，易碎的butadiene 丁⼆烯butyllithium 丁基锂calendering 压延成型calendering 压延carboxyl 羧基category 种类，类型cation 正[阳]离⼦cationic 阳（正）离⼦的centrifuge 离⼼chain reaction 连锁反应chain termination 链终⽌char 炭characterize 表征成为…的特征chilled water 冷冻⽔chlorine 氯（⽓）coating 涂覆cocatalyst 助催化剂coil 线团coiling 线团状的colligative 依数性colloid 胶体commence 开始，着⼿common salt ⾷盐complex 络合物compliance 柔量condensation polymer 缩合聚合物，缩聚物conductive material 导电材料conformation 构象consistency 稠度，粘稠度contaminant 污物contour 外形，轮廓controlled release 控制释放controversy 争论，争议conversion 转化率conversion 转化copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚（合）corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂countercurrent 逆流crosslinking 交联crystal 基体，结晶crystalline 晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline 结晶的crystallinity 结晶性，结晶度crystallite 微晶decomposition 分解deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度dehydrogenate 使脱氢density 密度depolymerization 解聚deposit 堆积物，沉积depropagation 降解dewater 脱⽔diacid ⼆（元）酸diamine ⼆（元）胺dibasic ⼆元的dieforming ⼝模成型diffraction 衍射diffuse 扩散dimension 尺⼨dimensional stability 尺⼨稳定性dimer ⼆聚物（体）diol ⼆（元）醇diolefin ⼆烯烃disintegrate 分解，分散，分离dislocation 错位，位错dispersant 分散剂dissociate 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形，扭曲double bond 双键dough （⽣）⾯团，揉好的⾯drug 药品，药物elastic modulus 弹性模量elastomer 弹性体eliminate 消除，打开，除去elongation 伸长率，延伸率entanglement 缠结，纠缠entropy 熵equilibrium 平衡esterification 酯化（作⽤）evacuate 撤出fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链⽚晶理论formulation 配⽅fractionation 分级fragment 碎屑，碎⽚fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论functional group 官能团functional polymer 功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度glassy 玻璃（态）的glassy 玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态globule ⼩球，液滴，颗粒growing chain ⽣长链，活性链gyration 旋转，回旋hardness 硬度heat transfer 热传递heterogeneous 不均匀的，⾮均匀的hydocy acid 羧基酸hydrogen 氢（⽓）hydrogen bonding 氢键hydrostatic 流体静⼒学hydroxyl 烃基hypothetical 假定的，理想的，有前提的ideal 理想的，概念的imagine 想象，推测improve 增进，改善impurity 杂质indispensable 不了或缺的infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法ingredient 成分initiation （链）引发initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer ⽆机聚合物interaction 相互作⽤interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接intermittent 间歇式的intermolecular (作⽤于)分⼦间的intrinsic 固有的ion 离⼦ion exchange resin 离⼦交换树脂ionic 离⼦的ionic polymerization 离⼦型聚合irradiation 照射，辐射irregularity 不规则性，不均匀的isobutylene 异丁烯isocyanate 异氰酸酯isopropylate 异丙醇⾦属，异丙氧化⾦属isotactic 等规⽴构的isotropic 各项同性的kinetic chain length 动⼒学链长kinetics 动⼒学latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射line 衬⾥，贴⾯liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule ⼤分⼦，⾼分⼦均⽅末端距mechanical property ⼒学性能，机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的，中间的minimise 最⼩化minimum 最⼩值，最⼩的mo(u)lding 模型mobility 流动性mobilize 运动，流动model 模型modify 改性molecular weight 分⼦量molecular weight distribution 分⼦量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的monomer 单体morphology 形态（学）moulding 模塑成型neutral 中性的nonelastic ⾮弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器number average molecular weight数均分⼦量occluded 夹杂（带）的olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的，最佳值[点，状态] orient 定向，取向orientation 定向oxonium 氧鎓⽺packing 堆砌pattern 花纹，图样式样peculiarity 特性pendant group 侧基performance 性能，特征permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品，药物，药物的，医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠phenyllithium 苯基锂phosgene 光⽓，碳酰氯photosensitizer 光敏剂plastics 塑料platelet ⽚晶polyamide 聚酰胺polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩（合）聚（合）polydisperse 多分散的polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化（作⽤）polyethylene 聚⼄烯polyfunctional 多官能度的polymer 聚合物【体】，⾼聚物polymeric 聚合（物）的polypropylene 聚苯烯polystyrene 聚苯⼄烯polyvinyl alcohol 聚⼄烯醇polyvinylchloride 聚氯⼄烯porosity 多孔性，孔隙率positive 正的，阳（性）的powdery 粉状的processing 加⼯，成型radical ⾃由基radical polymerization ⾃由基聚合radius 半径random coil ⽆规线团random decomposition ⽆规降解reactent 反应物，试剂reactive 反应性的，活性的reactivity 反应性，活性reactivity ratio 竞聚率real 真是的release 解除，松开repeating unit 重复单元retract 收缩rubber 橡胶rubbery 橡胶态的rupture 断裂saturation 饱和scalp 筛⼦，筛分seal 密封secondary shaping operation ⼆次成型sedimentation 沉降（法）segment 链段segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶settle 沉淀，澄清shaping 成型side reaction 副作⽤simultaneously 同时，同步single bond 单键slastic parameter 弹性指数slurry 淤浆solar energy 太阳能solubility 溶解度sprinkle 喷洒squeeze 挤压srereoregularity ⽴构规整性【度】stability 稳定性stabilizer 稳定剂statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合stereoregular 有规⽴构的，⽴构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的，化学计算量的strength 强度stretch 拉直，拉长stripping tower 脱单塔subdivide 细分区分substitution 取代，代替surfactant 表⾯活性剂swell 溶胀swollen 溶胀的synthesis 合成synthesize 合成synthetic 合成的tacky （表⾯）发粘的 ,粘连性tanker 油轮，槽车tensile strength 抗张强度terminate （链）终⽌tertiary 三元的，叔（特）的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃texture 结构，组织thermoforming 热成型thermondynamically 热⼒学地thermoplastic 热塑性的thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛transfer （链）转移，（热）传递triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三⼄基硼氟酸⽺trimer 三聚物（体）triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾ultracentrifugation 超速离⼼（分离）ultrasonic 超声波uncross-linked ⾮交联的uniaxial 单轴的unsaturated 不饱和的unzippering 开链urethane 氨基甲酸酯variation 变化，改变vinyl ⼄烯基（的）vinyl chloride 氯⼄烯vinyl ether ⼄烯基醚viscoelastic 黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态viscofluid state 黏流态viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight黏均分⼦量viscous 粘稠的vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight重均分⼦量X-ray x射线 x光yield 产率Young's modulus 杨⽒模量。
高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答案2(供参考)(精品文档)
unit11.Not all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kind of repeating unit. At the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. Although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an amino acid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. In this case the molecular weight itself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. When the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。
在另一个极端的情形中，蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。
尽管在这个例子中，我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度，但是没有意义，因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。
在这种情况下，一般是分子量本身而不是聚合度被用来描述这个分子。
整理高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答案2
高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答A4打印/ 可编辑附件二Brunel University硕士专业设置School of Engineering and Design工程设计学院Power System 电力系统Power System Analysis and Control 电力系统分析与控制Power Electronics and Facts 电力电子与交流电传输系统Energy Economics and Power Markets 能源经济与电力市场Sustainable Electrical Power 可持续性电力Electronic & Computer Engineering 电子与计算机工程Networks and Multimedia Communications网络与多媒体传输Multimedia TV Broadcast and International Service Provision多媒体电视播放与网络服务供给Data Communication Systems 数据传递系统Digital Broadcast Systems 数字播放系统Distributed Computer Systems Engineering 分布式计算机系统工程Wireless Communication Systems 无线通信系统Wireless Enterprise Business Systems 无线商业系统Mechanical Engineering 机械工程Aerospace Engineering 宇航工程Automotive and Motorsport Engineering 汽车发动机工程Biomedical Engineering 生物医学工程Building Services Engineering 建筑维修工程Building Services Engineering with Sustainable Energy 建筑维修工程应用可持续能源Engineering Design 工程设计学Engineering MRes工程学（宗教教学硕士）Sustainable Energy - Technologies and Management 可持续性能源—技术与管理Brunel Design Brunel设计Advanced Manufacturing Systems 高级制造系统Design and Branding Strategy 设计与商标策略Design Strategy and Innovation设计策略与革新Engineering Management 工程管理Packaging Technology 包装技术Process Engineering Management 加工工程管理School of Information Systems, Computing and Mathematics信息系统，计算与数学学院IS&Conputering 信息系统与计算Bioinformatics MSc 生物资料学Distributed Information Systems and Computing MSc 分布式信息系统与计算Enterprise Systems Development MSc 企业体制发展Information Systems Management MSc/MTech 信息系统管理Information Technology MRes 信息技术（宗教教育硕士）Multimedia Computing MSc 多媒体处理Telemedicine and e-Health Systems MSc 远程与电子医疗系统Mathematics 数学Computational Mathematics with Modelling MSc 模拟数学计算Modelling and Management of Risk MSc 模拟风险管理Institute for the EnvironmentGeography and Earth Sciences环境学院地理与地球科学Ecosystems and Human Health 生态系统与人类健康Pollution and Monitoring 污染与监测Legislation and Management立法与管理Brunel Business School商学院Business and Management 商业管理The Brunel MBA Brunel工商管理Business Finance MSc 金融学Human Resources and Employment Relations MSc 人力资源与雇佣关系Management MSc 管理学Management and Organisation Studies MRes 组织管理学（宗教教育硕士）Marketing MSc 营销学Economics and Finance 经济金融Economics and Finance MRes 经济与金融（宗教教育硕士）Finance and Accounting MSc 金融会计学Finance and Investment MSc 金融投资学Financial Economics MSc 金融经济学International Money, Finance and Investment MSc 国际货币，金融与投资Politics and History政治历史Globalization and Governance MA 全球化与政府管理History MRes 历史学（宗教教育硕士）Intelligence and Security Studies MA 智能安全研究International Relations MA 国际关系Politics MRes 政治学（宗教教育硕士）Public Affairs and Lobbying MSc 公共事务与协调Public Policy MA 公共政策War and Conflict in the Modern World 当今世界战争与冲突School of Social Sciences and Law社会科学与法学院Anthropology 人类学Medical Anthropology MSc 医疗人类学Cross-Cultural Studies of Children, Child Development & Youth MSc 儿童与青年交叉文化研究Psychological and Psychiatric Anthropology MSc 心理与精神病人类学研究Anthropology and Human Rights MSc 人类学与人权Anthropology of Education MSc 人类学教育Law 法学Law and Society MA-LLM-Diploma (Child Protection, Criminal Justice, Youth Justice)法律与社会Law General LLM 法学硕士Law, European and International Commercial Law LLM and Diploma欧洲及国际商业法Law, Intellectual Property Law PG Certificate 知识产权法Law, International Economic and Trade Law LLM and PG Diploma 国际经济与贸易法Law, International Economic Law LLM and PG Diploma 国际经济法Law, International Intellectual Property Law LLM and Diploma国际知识产权法Law, International Trade Law LLM and Diploma国际贸易法Psychology 心理学MSc Cross-Cultural Psychology 多文化心理学MA Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Society 心理分析与当代社会MSc Functional Neuroimaging 神经成像功能Sociology/Communications 社会学与交流通信MA Media, Communications & Technology 媒体通信技术MRes Sociology 社会学（宗教教育硕士）MRes Health Research 健康调查（宗教教育硕士）MSc Globalization, Communication & Culture 全球化，交流与文化School of Arts文学院Contemporary Literature and Culture MA 当代文学与文化Contemporary Music MMus 当代音乐Contemporary Performance Making MA 当代表演Creative and Professional Writing MA 专业文学创作Creative Music MA 音乐创作Creative Writing - 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高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了
仅供个人参考ForpesnauseonysudyandresachnofrcmmercauseA 高分子化学和高分子物理蚆UNIT 1 What are Polymer? 节什么是高聚物？第一单元袁What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are 蝿contrast To common salt. weight compounds like, say, different from low molecularthe difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that ofa polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand smaller of much ' are made up These thousands. big molecules or‘macro-moleculesmolecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine thatthings When these the same material. the same size and is made of of a set rings has from polymer as representing a the chain formed can be considered are interlinked, of be rings could same of the compound. Alternatively, individual moleculesfrom a represent polymer materials, and interlinked to different sizes and molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通蒇，而高聚物的分子量高于的盐。
高分子材料工程专业英语II.pdf
(5) 离子聚合 (ionic polymerization)
正离子聚合
cationic polymerization
负离子聚合
anionic copolymerization
(6) 配位聚合 (coordination polymerization)
立构规整聚合 stereospecific polymerization 间同立构的
高分子材料工程专业英语(II)
旷桂超 材料学院高分子材料系
2013-4-25
Unit 25: Thermal Properties of Polymers (1st-2nd paragraph)
The heat stability is closely related to the transition and decomposition temperature, i. e. to intrinsic properties. By heat stability is exclusively understood the stability (or retention) of properties (weight, strength, insulating capacity, etc.) under the influence of heat. The melting point or the decomposition temperature invariably form the upper limit; the “use temperature” may be appreciably lower.
1. Be closely related to …
与…密切相关
Be associated with…
高分子材料和应用 Chapter 2 Commodity Plastics
Karl Ziegler
Guilio Natta
Forms of PE
Branched or low density polyethylene (LDPE) b) High density polyethylene (HDPE) c) Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)
Low Pressure/Ziegler-Natta catalyst Little branching Highly crystalline
LLDPE
“Copolymer”—side chains prevent crystalization Improve toughness, strength, ESCR
Mechanical Properties – HDPE is generally considered to have poor mechanical properties with the exception of impact strength. Its tensile strength averages around 4,000 psi and its tensile modulus around 150,000 psi.
Crystalline - The polymer chains form a regular pattern. Molecular structure forms regular order (crystals) with molecules or portions of molecules regularly stacked in crystal-like fashion. Molecular arrangement is arranged in an ordered fashion.
高分子材料与应用 Chapter 2 Commodity Plastics
Karl Ziegler
Guilio Natta
Forms of PE
Branched or low density polyethylene (LDPE) b) High density polyethylene (HDPE) c) Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)
• HDPE is probably the most common form people are familiar with so the properties provided will be for HDPE
• LDPE – Low Density Polyethylene
Commodity Plastics
The most common application for polyethylene that everyone can identify with is the polyethylene milk jug.
Commodity Plastics
Polyethylene – Forms
PE comes in a wide variety of forms made by changing the density, branching, and crystalline structure of the basic polyethylene chain.
Crystalline - The polymer chains form a regular pattern. Molecular structure forms regular order (crystals) with molecules or portions of molecules regularly stacked in crystal-like fashion. Molecular arrangement is arranged in an ordered fashion.
高分子材料与应用(英文版) Chapter 2 Commodity Plastics
Commodity Plastics
Polyethylene - Considerations
Optical Properties- HDPE has a high degree of crystallinity making its optical properties quite poor.
Flammability- Unmodified HDPE is classified in the “quite flammable” category which is the lowest rating a plastic can achieve. This rating is determined by a flammability test. HDPE not only burns and continues to burn, but usually also drips flaming melt which continues to burn. This is not a good property for a plastic material to have.
Polyethylene – Forms
LLDPE – Linear Low Density Polyethylene UHMWPE – Ultra High Molecular Weight
Polyethylene – Usually around 8-10,000 monomers need to be linked up in order to make the polyethylene useable as a polymer. For UHMWPE the number of monomers is around 70,000.
高分子材料与应用 Chapter 2 Commodity Plastics
Crystalline - The polymer chains form a regular pattern. Molecular structure forms regular order (crystals) with molecules or portions of molecules regularly stacked in crystal-like fashion. Molecular arrangement is arranged in an ordered fashion.
Semi-Crystalline Commodity Thermoplastics
Key Characteristics
Low cost, temperature resistance and strength Excellent chemical resistance Low COF Near zero moisture absorption Very good electrical properties Good toughness
Hygroscopy – HDPE is not hygroscopic and does not require drying when processed
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unit11.Not all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kind of repeating unit. At the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. Although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an amino acid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. In this case the molecular weight itself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. When the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。
在另一个极端的情形中，蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。
尽管在这个例子中，我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度，但是没有意义，因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。
在这种情况下，一般是分子量本身而不是聚合度被用来描述这个分子。
当知道了特定的氨基酸分子的实际含量，它们的序列正是生物化学家和分子生物学家特别感兴趣的地方。
1,题目：Another striking ...答案：.that quantity low saturation bottom much absorb2. 乙烯分子带有一个双键，为一种烯烃，它可以通过连锁聚合大量地制造聚乙烯，目前，聚乙烯已经广泛应用于许多技术领域和人们的日常生活中，成为一种不可缺少的材料。
Ethylene molecule with a double bond, as a kind of olefins, it can make chain polymerization polyethylene, at present, polyethylene has been widely used in many fields of technology and People's Daily life, become a kind of indispensable materials.Unit31 The polymerization rate may be experimentally followed by measuring the changes in any of several properties of the system such as density,refractive index,viscosity, or light absorption. Density measurements are among the most accurate and sensitive of the techniques. The density increases by 20-25 percent on polymerization for many monomers. In actual practice the volume of the polymerizing system is measured by carrying out the reaction in a dilatometer. This is specially constructed vessel with a capillary tube which allows a highly accurate measurement of small volume changes. It is not uncommon to be able to detect a few hundredths of a percent polymerization by the dilatometer technique. 聚合速率在实验上可以通过测定体系的任一性质的变化而确定，如密度、折射率、黏度、或者吸光性能。
密度的测量是这些技术中最准确最敏感的。
对许多单体的聚合来说，密度增加了20%-25%。
在实际操作中，聚合体系的体积是通过在膨胀计中进行反应测定的。
它被专门设计构造了毛细导管，在里面可以对微小体积变化进行高精确度测量。
通过膨胀计技术探测聚合过程中万分之几的变化是很常见的。
Unti42 合成聚合物在各个领域中起着与日俱增的重要作用，聚合物通常是由单体通过加成聚合与缩合聚合制成的。
就世界上的消耗量而论，聚烯烃和乙烯基聚合物居领先地位，聚乙烯、聚丙烯等属聚烯烃，而聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯等则为乙烯基聚合物。
聚合物可广泛地用作塑料、橡胶、纤维、涂料、粘合剂等The synthetic polymers play an increasingly important role on a range of domains, which are synthesized by monomers through addition polymerization or condensation polymerization. Polyolefin and vinyl polymer have taken the lead in terms of the world consumption. PE, PP, etc. belong to the polyolefin, while PS, PVC etc. belong to the vinyl polymer. Polymers can be widely applied in plastics, rubbers, fibers, coatings, glues and so on.Unit7Ring-opening polymerizations proceed only by ionic mechanisms, the polymerization of cyclic ethers mainly by cationic mechanisms, and the polymerization of lactones and lactones by either a cationic or anionic mechanism. Important initiators for cyclic ethers and lactone polymerization are those derived from aluminum alkyl and zinc alkyl/water systems. It should be pointed out that substitution near the reactive group of the monomer is essential for the individual mechanism that operates effectively in specific cases; forexample, epoxides polymerize readily with cationic and anionic initiators, while fluorocarbon epoxides polymerize exclusively by anionic mechanisms.开环聚合反应只能通过离子机理进行，环醚（的开环）聚合主要通过阳离子机理，而内酯和内酰胺的聚合物是通过阳离子或阴离子机理。
对于环醚和内酯型聚合物很重要的引发剂是那些来自于烷基铝和烷基锌/水的体系。
应该指出的是（对于）在活性基团附近有取代的单体，只能由单一机理，（这一机理）是在特定条件下的有效操作，例如环氧聚合能用阳离子和阴离子引发剂，然而碳氟环氧化物的聚合只能是阴离子机理。
Unti81 Polymers can be classified into two main groups, addition polymers and ___condensation__ polymers. This classification is based on whether or not the repeating unit of the polymer contains the same atoms __as____ the monomer. The repeating unit of an addition polymer is identical _with/to____ the monomer, while condensation polymers contain __different/less___ because of formation of __compound/byproduct___ during the polymerization process. The corresponding polymerization processed would then be called addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. As was mentioned earlier, this classification can result ___in__ confusion, since it has been shown in later years that many important types of polymers can be _prepared by both addition and condensation processes. For example, polyesters, polyamides and polyurethanes are usually considered to be _condensation____ polymers, but they can be prepared by addition as well as by condensation reaction. Similarly, polyethylene normally considered an _addition_ polymer, can also be prepared by _condensation_ reaction.2. Answer the following questions in English(1) What is chain polymerization?Many olefinic and vinyl unsaturated compounds are able to form chain-like macromolecules through eliminat ion of double bond.(2) Which kinds of monomers can carry out step-growth polymerization process?There are two kinds of monomers could carry out step-growth polymerization process. One is polyfunctional monomers and the other is a single monomer containing both types of functional groups.(3) What properties of polymers can be based on for measuring the molecular weight?The molecular weight of polymer could be measured based on colligative properties, light scattering, viscosity, ultracentrifugation sedimentation.3. Please write out at least 10 kinds of polymers both in English and in Chinese4. Please write out at least 10 kinds of monomers both in English and in Chinese and the corresponging chemical structureClFF F COOH乙烯 氯乙烯 丙烯 1-丁烯 丙烯腈1,4-丁二烯 四氟乙烯 苯乙烯 异丁烯 丙烯酸ethylene vinylchloride propylene 1- butene acrylonitrile1,4-butadiene tetrafluoroethylene styrene isobutene acrylic acid5 In general ，head-to-tail addition is considered to be the predominant mode of propagation in all polymerizations 。