现代大学英语精读4 Lesson One单词讲解
现代大学英语精读4 Unit 1 Text A Thinking as a Hobby
Thinking as a Hobbyby William Golding1While I was still a boy, I came to the conclusion that there were three grades of thinking;and that I myself could not think at all.2It was the headmaster of my grammar school who first brought the subject of thinking before me. He had some statuettes in his study. They stood on a high cupboard behind his desk. One was a lady wearing nothing but a bath towel. She seemed frozen in an eternal panic lest the bath towel slip down any farther; and since she had no arms, she was in an unfortunate position to pull the towel up again. Next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard, ready to spring down at the top drawer of filing cabinet. Beyond the leopard was a naked, muscular gentleman, who sat, looking down, with his chin on his fist and his elbow on his knee. He seemed utterly miserable.3Some time later, I learned about these statuettes. The headmaster had placed them where they would face delinquent children, because they symbolized to him the whole of life. The naked lady was the Venus of Milo. She was Love. She was not worried about the towel. She was just busy being beautiful. The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural. The muscular gentleman was not miserable. He was Rodin’s Thinker, an image of pure thought. 4I had better explain that I was a frequent visitor to the headmaster’s study, because of the latest thing I had done or left undone. As we now say, I was not integrated. I was, if anything, disintegrated. Whenever I found myself in a penal position before the headmaster’s desk, I would sink my head, clasp my hands behind my back and writhe one shoe over the other.5The headmaster would look at me and say,6“What are we going to do with you?”7Well, what were they going to do with me? I would writhe my shoe some more and stare down at the worn rug.8“Look up, boy! Can’t you look up?”9Then I would look up at the cupboard, where the naked lady was frozen in her panic and the muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom. I had nothing to say to the headmaster. His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them. There was no possibility of communication.10“Don’t you ever think at all?”11No, I didn’t think, wasn’t thinking, couldn’t think--I was simply waiting in anguish for the interview to stop.12“Then you’d better learn—hadn’t you?”13On one occasion the headmaster leaped to his feet, reached up and put Rodin’s masterpiece on the desk before me.14“That’s what a man looks like when he’s really thinking.”15Clearly there was something missing in me. Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out. But like someone born deaf, but bitterly determined to find out about sound, I watched my teachers to find out about thought.16There was Mr. Houghton. He was always telling me to think. With a modest satisfaction, he would tell me that he had thought a bit himself. Then why did he spend so much time drinking? Or was there more sense in drinking than there appeared to be? But if not, and if drinking were in fact ruinous to health--and Mr. Houghton was ruined, there was no doubt about that--why was he always talking about the clean life and the virtues of fresh air?17Sometimes, exalted by his own oratory, he would leap from his desk and hustle us outside into a hideous wind.18“Now, boys! Deep breaths! Feel it right down inside you--huge draughts of God’s good air!”19He would stand before us, put his hands on his waist and take a tremendous breath. You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments.His body would reel with shock and his ruined face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning.20Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. Yet in the middle of one of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck.21His neck was an object of great interest to me. Normally it bulged a bit over his collar. But Mr. Houghton had fought in the First World War alongside both Americans and French, and had come to a settled detestation of both countries. If either happened to be prominent in current affairs, no argument could make Mr. Houghton think well of it. He would bang the desk, his neck would bulge still further and go red. “You can say what you like,” he would cry, “but I’ve thought about this--and I know what I think!”22Mr. Houghton thought with his neck.23This was my introduction to the nature of what is commonly called thought. Through him I discovered that thought is often full of unconscious prejudice, ignorance and hypocrisy. It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen’s golf, as honest as most politicians” intentions, as coherent as most books that get written. It is what I came to call grade-three thinking, though more properly, it is feeling, rather than thought.24True, often there is a kind of innocence in prejudices, but in those days I viewed grade-three thinking with contempt and mockery. I delighted to confront a pious lady who hated the Germans with the proposition that we should love our enemies. She taught me a great truth in dealing with grade-three thinkers; because of her, I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process which for nine-tenths of the population is the nearest they will ever get to thought.They have immense solidarity. We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded. A crowd of grade-three thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudices, will not thank you for pointing out the contradictions in their beliefs. Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.25Grade-two thinking is the detection of contradictions. Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism.But there were compensations. To hear people justify their habit of hunting foxes by claiming that the foxes liked it. To hear our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there are moments of delight. 26But I was growing toward adolescence and had to admit that Mr. Houghton was not the only one with an irresistible spring in his neck. I, too, felt the compulsive hand of nature and began to find that pointing out contradiction could be costly as well as fun. There was Ruth, for example, a serious and attractive girl. I was an atheist at the time. She was a Methodist.But, alas, instead of relying on the Holy Spirit to convert me, Ruth was foolish enough to open her pretty mouth in argument. She claimed that the Bible was literally inspired. I countered by saying that the Catholics believed in the literal inspiration of Saint Jerome’s Vulgate, and the two books were different. Argument flagged.27At last she remarked that there were an awful lot of Methodists, and they couldn’t be wrong, could they--not all those millions? That was too easy, said I restively (for the nearer you were to Ruth, the nicer she was to be near to) since there were more Roman Catholics than Methodists anyway; and they couldn’t be wrong, could they--not all those hundreds of millions? An awful flicker of doubt appeared in her eyes. I slid my arm around her waist and murmured breathlessly that if we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her.28That night her father visited my father and left, red-cheeked and indignant. I was given the third degree to find out what had happened. I lost Ruth and gained an undeserved reputation as a potential libertine.29Grade-two thinking, though it filled life with fun and excitement, did not make for content.To find out the deficiencies of our elders satisfies the young ego but does not make for personal security. It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. A typical grade-two thinker will say, “What is truth?” There is still a higher grade of thought which says, “What is truth?” and sets out to find it.30But these grade-one thinkers were few and far between. They did not visit my grammar school in the flesh though they were there in books. I aspired to them, because I now saw my hobby as an unsatisfactory thing if it went no further. If you set out to climb a mountain, however high you climb, you have failed if you cannot reach the top.31I therefor decided that I would be a grade-one thinker. I was irreverent at the best of times.Political and religious systems, social customs, loyalties and traditions, they all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. I came up in the end with what must always remain the justification for grade-one thinking. I devised a coherent system for living.It was a moral system, which was wholly logical. Of course, as I readily admitted, conversion of the world to my way of thinking might be difficult, since my system did away with a number of trifles, such as big business, centralized government, armies, marriage....32It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them. Young people seemed oddly contented with the world as it was. A young navy officer got as red-necked as Mr. Houghton when I proposed a world without any battleships in it.33Had the game gone too far? In those prewar days, I stood to lose a great deal, for the sake ofa hobby.34Now you are expecting me to describe how I saw the folly of my ways and came back to the warm nest, where prejudices are so often called loyalties, pointless actions are turned into customs by repetition, where we are content to say we think when all we do is feel.35But you would be wrong. I dropped my hobby and turned professional.。
(完整word版)现代大学英语精读4(第二版)词汇与词组分析解析
词汇Unit 11. aspire aspiring aspiration aspirantaspire to sth 。
/doing2. anguish (n./v ） anguished3. atheist 无神论者4. bitterly 极度地5. bulge 向外鼓起 激增 be bulging with6. Catholic7. costly8. counter 反驳9. deficiency10. delinquent 有违法倾向的11. detestation 憎恨 detest12. devise 设计13. disintegrated integrated integrity14. disinterested15. draught 一阵风16. exalt 兴奋 增强 exaltation exalted17. fault18. file19. flag 偃旗息鼓20. fuss 无事自扰21. heady 鲁莽的22. hideous 丑恶的23. high-minded 高尚的24. hindquarters （四足动物的）臀部及后腿25. hustle 催促 hustle to do26. hypocrisy 伪善 hypocrite 伪君子hypocritical 虚伪的27. impediment 阻碍 口吃 impediment to sth 28. immense 巨大的 immensity 29. league 30. leopard31. lest +should be 32. libertine 浪荡子 33. majesty34. masterpiece 35. Methodist36. monologue 一个人滔滔不绝地讲话 37. mock mockery38. muscular （adj.） muscle39. navy40. oratory 演讲技巧oration 演讲 oratorical 雄辩的 41. outnumber42. penal 刑罚的 penalty 43. pious 虔诚的44. proficient 熟练的 45. prominent 显著的 46. reel 蹒跚 47. remorselessly 无同情心地，无休止地 48. restively 不安地,难以控制地 49. rotten （adj.) 50. rug 小地毯,垫子 51. ruinous 52. Solidarity 团结，齐心协力 solidarity into sth solidify 53. spectacles 眼镜，场面，奇观 54. spring 弹簧 55. statuette 56. symbolize 57. trifle 琐事 trivial 58. unaccustomed 59. undeserved 60. writhe 翻腾，蠕动 61. withdraw withdrawal 62. contempt 鄙视 contemptuous 63. contemplate 凝视，端详 contemplative 64. endow 捐赠 endowment 65. protrude 突出 66. project (v.）突出 67. acquaintance acquaint with 68. confer 授予,协商 69. stampede 惊跑 Unit 21. assert assert oneself assertiveassertion2. cluster a cluster of clustertogether clustered 3. depressed4. gruff 粗暴地说，生硬的 （adj 。
现代大学英语精读4 Lesson One单词讲解
1.alas: (adv)Synonyms：sadly, unfortunately2.anguish: (n)Derivative：anguished (adj) 感到痛苦的，表现痛苦的~ cry 痛苦的叫喊3.atheist: (n) 无神论者，不知论者Near synonym：agnostic (n) 无神论者，不知论者4.Buddhist: (n)Derivative：Buddhism 佛教5.bulge: (v)Near synonyms：swell (v) 膨胀，肿；protrude (v)突出，膨胀6.confer: (v)Derivative：conferment (n) （学位，荣誉）等授予；Synonyms：award 授予，bestow 赠予7.confront: (v)Derivative：confrontation （n）正视，面对；Synonym：face（vt）8.contemplate: (v)Derivative：contemplation (n) 沉思，深思熟虑Synonyms：consider, think （v）9.contempt: (n)Synonym：scorn (n) 蔑视Antonym：respect (n)Derivative：contemptuous (adj) 蔑视的，鄙视的10.c ontradiction: (n)Synonym：inconsistency 矛盾，前后不一致Antonyms：similarity, harmony, consistency (n)11.c onversion: (n)Derivative：convert (vt) 转变，转化，皈依Synonym：change (v)12.d eficiency: (n)Derivative：deficient (adj) 不足的，缺乏的13.d etestation: (n)Synonym：loathing (n) 憎恶；Antonym：loveDerivative：detest (v)（憎恶）→（同义词）loathe (v) 憎恶，厌恶14.d isintegrate: (v) 分裂，碎裂，粉碎Synonym：collapse (v) 倒塌，粉碎；Antonyms：fuse (v) 熔合，混合; integrate (v) 集合，综合Derivative：disintegration (n) 碎裂，分裂15.d isinterested: (adj) 公正的，无私的Synonym：impartial (adj) 公平的，公正的；Antonym：biased (adj) 有偏见的16.d raught: (n) 通风，气流（注意：与drought的区别）Synonym：air (n) 气流；Derivative：draughty (adj) 通风的17.e go: (n)Derivatives：egoism (n) 利己主义，自我中心主义；egoist (n) 利己主义者，自我主义者；egoistic (adj) 自我主义的，利己主义的18.exalted: (adj)Synonym：exultant (adj) 狂喜的，兴高采烈的19.gloom: (n)Synonym：desolation (n) 悲哀，忧伤，孤寂；Derivative：gloomy (adj)忧伤的，抑郁的，昏暗的20. 表示“兴奋的，高兴的，激动的”一组形容词：（8个）exalted:兴高采烈的；exultant: 狂喜的，兴高采烈的；heady:激动的，兴奋的；exciting；intoxicating: 令人兴奋的，激动的；thrilling: 激动的，振奋的；exhilarating: 兴高采烈的，激动的，triumphant: 喜气洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的21．hideous: (adj)Synonyms：ghastly (令人厌恶的，令人不快的)；ugly, unpleasantAntonym：pleasant；令人愉快的Derivative：hideously (adv) 可怕地，丑陋地22．hypocrisy: (n) 伪善Synonym: falseness:（n）伪善;Antonym：sincerity (n) 真诚23．indignant: (adj) 愤怒的，愤慨的Synonyms: outraged: 愤怒的；incensed: 愤怒的（adj）Derivative：indignantly (adv) 愤慨地，愤怒地24．integrated: (adj) 完整的，统一的Antonym：disintegrated (adj) 破裂的，碎裂的25．irresistible: (adj)Synonym: overwhelming: 压倒一切的，势不可挡的Derivative：irresistibly (adv) 不可抗拒地26．irreverent: (adj)Synonym: disrespectful: 无礼的；Antonyms：reverent, respectful:有礼貌的27．lag: (v)Synonyms: trail: (v) 落在后面，拖在后面，drag: (v) 拖，拉Antonym：surpass: (v) 超过，超出28．modest: (adj)Synonyms: reasonable, moderate29．muscular: (adj)Synonym: brawny: (adj) 肌肉发达的30．oratory: (n) 演讲术，雄辩术扩充相关的词汇：rhetoric (n) 修辞学(注意发音)31．Patriotism: (n) 爱国主义，爱国心Derivatives：patriot: (n) 爱国者；patriotic: (adj) 爱国的；patriotic songs 爱国歌曲32. penal: (adj) 应受刑罚的，处罚的Derivative：penalty (n) 刑罚，惩罚，处罚(注意发音)33. pious: (adj)Synonyms: devout: 虔诚的（注意发音），religious：笃信宗教的，虔诚的34. proficient: (adj) 精通的，熟练的固定搭配：be proficient in sth 精通于某事物Synonym: competent:称职的，能胜任的，Antonym：inefficient:不称职的，不精通的35. prominent: (adj) 重要的，著名的Synonym: significant:著名的，重要的；Antonyms：unimportant, unknown:不重要的，不知名的Derivative：prominently (adv) 突出地，显著地36. remorselessly: (adv)Synonyms: mercilessly, ruthlessly:无怜悯心的，无情的37. repetition: (n)Synonym: recurrence (n) 再现，重复发生38. restively: (adv)Synonyms:一组表示焦躁，忧虑不安的，要求记忆：（5个）restlessly:不安地，uneasily: (adv) 忧虑地，不安地；impatiently, restively, nervously（要求一组记忆）39. rotten: (adj)Synonyms: decayed, decomposed: 腐烂的，分解的40. trifle: (n) 琐事，小事Synonyms: triviality: (n) 琐事Derivatives：trifling (adj) 不重要的，微不足道的=trivial: adj 琐碎的）41. unaccustomed: (adj) 不习惯的，不熟悉的Synonym: unused: 不习惯的；Antonym：familiar：熟悉的42. utterly: (adv)Synonyms: absolutely, totally, completely :完全，彻底的，绝对地。
现代大学英语精读4课后翻译
Unit 11. I know I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.我知道，不管发生什么情况，我都可以依靠兄弟的支持。
2. As a rule, the younger generation tends to be more interested in the present rather than thepast unlike the older generation, but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.~一般来说，年轻一代与老一辈不同，他们对现在而不是对过去感兴趣。
但这两代人如果不互相尊重对方的需要，就都会遭受损失。
3. The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the whole nation.中国的书面文字是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。
4. In traditional Chinese art and literature, the bamboo and the pine tree always symbolize moreintegrity and uprightness."在中国的传统艺术和文学中，竹子和松树往往象征着道德上的正直和刚正不阿。
5. Queen Elizabeth 1 ruled England for 45years, and the nation prospered under her rule.女皇伊丽莎白一世统治英国45年。
在她统治时期，国家十分繁荣昌盛。
6. Democracy means that the majority rules. But that’s not all. Respect for minority’s right todisagree is also an integral part of democracy. The two rules are equal&importance.民主意味着多数人来治理；但不仅如此，尊重少数人反对的权利也是民主不可分的一部分。
(完整版)现代大学英语精读4UNIT1翻译及课后答案
UNIT1思考作为一种嗜好当我还是个孩子的时候，我就得出了思考分三种等级的结论。
后来思考成了嗜好，我进而得出了一个更加离奇的结论，那就是：我自己根本不会思考。
第一个把思考这个问题带到我面前的是我文法学校的校长。
他的办公室里有一些小雕像。
就在他书桌后面一个高高的橱柜上面。
其中一位女士除了一条浴巾外一丝不挂。
她好象被永远地冻结在对浴巾再往下滑的恐惧中了。
而不幸的是她没有手臂，所以无法把浴巾拉上来。
在她的身边蜷伏着一头美洲豹，好象随时都会往下跳到档案橱柜最上层的抽屉上去。
在豹子的另一边端坐着一个健硕的裸体男子，他手肘支在膝头，手握拳托着腮帮子，全然一副痛苦不堪的样子。
过了一些时候，我对这些雕像有了一些了解。
才知道校长把它们放在正对着犯错的孩子的位置是因为对校长来说这些雕像象征着整个生命。
那位裸体的女士是维纳丝。
她象征着爱。
她不是在为浴巾担心，而是忙着显示美丽。
美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。
那位健硕的裸体男子并不痛苦，他是洛丁的思索者，一个纯粹思索的象征。
我想我得解释一下，我是校长办公室的常客，为我最近做过或者没做的事情。
用现在的话来说我是不堪教化的。
甚至还不如说，我是顽劣不羁，头脑迷糊的。
每次在校长桌前接受处罚，那些雕像在他上方白晃晃地耀眼时，我就会垂下头，在身后紧扣双手，两只鞋不停地蹭来蹭去。
校长看着我然后说，“我们该拿你怎么办呢？”哦，他们要拿我怎么办呢？我盯着旧地毯更狠命地蹂躏我的鞋。
“抬起头来，孩子！你就不能抬起头来吗？”然后我就会抬起头来看橱柜，看着裸体女士被冻结在恐惧中，健硕的男子无限忧郁地凝视着猎豹的后腿。
我跟校长没什么好说的。
他的镜片反光，所以我看不到镜片后面有什么人性的东西，所以没有交流的可能。
“你从来都不动脑筋思考的吗？”不，我不思考，刚才没思考，也不会思考——我只是在痛苦地等待接见结束。
“那你最好学一学——你学了吗？”有一次，校长跳起身来伸手取下洛丁的杰作重重地放在我面前的桌上。
现代大学英语精读4lesson1知识点
现代大学英语精读4lesson1知识点Detailed study of the text[Paragraph 1]1. conclusion:a) sth you describe after considering all the information you havee.g. come to / arrive at / jump to/ reach / draw a conclusionThe police came to the inescapable conclusion that the children had beenmurdered.There were perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the abovediscussion.All the facts justify the conclusion that he is guilty.b) the end or final part of sthe.g. At the conclusion of the conference, little progress has been made.c) in conclusion: used in a piece of writing or a speech to show that you are about to finish what you are sayinge.g. In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today. conclude v.concluding adj.: the last remark etc in an event or piece of writingconclusive adj. showing that sth is definitely truethe _________ section of Chapter 6The investigation failed to provide any ________ evidence.[ Paragraph 2]2. statuette n.a very small statue that can be put on a table or shelf-ette suffix (in noun):a) a small thing of a particular typee.g. a kitchenette (= small kitchen) a snackette (= a very small meal),roomette, essayette, storiette, cigarette, parasolette, historiette,b) a woman who is doing a particular jobe.g. an usherette (= female usher), sailorette, conductrette, typette, undergraduette c) sth that is not real, but is imitatione.g. leatherette, flannelette, rosette, linenette3. nothing but: only; nothing excepte.g. The doctor told her that it was nothing but a cold.He was nothing but a coward.他只在乎自己的名誉和地位。
现代大学英语精读4UNIT1-UNIT6短语、句子翻译（全）另附重点课文全文翻译
浴巾a bath towel 文法学校a grammar school永恒的真理the eternal truth文件柜a filling cabinet 新鲜空气fresh air纯属无稽之谈utter nonsense 违规行为delinquent behavior常客a frequent visitor高品德的high-minded monologue 固定的观点a settle view 时事current affairs身体障碍a physical impediment一阵狂风a hideous wind令人厌恶的景象a hideous sight言语障碍 a speech impediment 使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情heady patriotism无情的人侵者the remorseless invaders 首相the Prime Minister 烂苹果rotten apples国际联盟the League of Nations 思维过程a mental process 条理清楚的文章a coherent article一位点头之交a nodding acquaintance一个完整的体系a coherent system一位口译好手a proficient interpreter 一种不可阻挡的趋向an irresistible trend逐字逐句的激励literally inspired夜生活evening life食宿board and lodging 供吃住的寄宿舍boarding-house瞬间 a split second玻璃弹子glass marbles做徒劳无益的事whipping the dead horse阿司匹林片aspirin tablets在此情况下in the circumstances提前in advance走过场 a matter of form 楼梯间平台的窗户landing window紧张气氛the tense atmosphere毛线针knitting needles梦游to walk in one’s sleep飞机翼展the wingspan of a plane专业的历史工作者professional historians基于常识的反应 a common-sense reaction事物的这种状况this state of affairs意见不一的历史学家contending historians老生常谈的事 a cut-and-dried matter一个个人喜好的问题 a matter of personal preference截然不同的观点diametrically opposed points of view 民间故事folk tales书面文件written documents过去的遗留物the remains of the past人的动机和行为human motivations and behavior 复杂和精细sophistication and subtlety 商船merchant ships 一旦发生潜艇战in the event of a submarine warfare一个粗糙的理论 a crude theory 好战的行为belligerent acts宣传机器 a propaganda machine 德国外交部长the German foreign secretary权力平衡the balance of power因果关系the cause and effect海岸炮兵the shore batteries 终极关怀the ultimate concern 近因 a proximate cause人们常说的一句话 a well-used phrase不会出错的解释 a foolproof explanation绝对有效的模式 a model of unquestioned validity 永不停止的探索 a never-ending quest一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标an elusive yet intriguing goal难以解决的两难困境an insoluble dilemma 一本难以看懂的书an incomprehensible book一个爱交际的女人 a sociable woman 黑市the black market黑色幽默black humor 害群之马black sheep黑人权利black power表达能力不强的人inarticulate people 全国性活动 a nationwide campaign 赞美的话complimentary remarks 淘气男孩 a mischievous boy一些有权力的人物certain powerful quarters 种族隔离的学校segregated schools 不可争议的权威indisputable authority公海high sea 上流社会high society 机密的消息confidential information 冷漠的门impersonal doors客观的信an impersonal letter 真诚的羡慕an unselfish envy紧张的声音 a strained voice度假别墅holiday villa 一个著名的电视名人a famous television personality 刻薄下流语言obscene language 下流故事an obscene story银行袭击a bank raid 生产双层玻璃公司a double-glazing company联合抵押joint mortgage 拌嘴a cross word永远达不到的目标an unattainable goal 乡村和西部音乐country and western music加重了的潜水腰带a weighted diving belt 心碎heart-broken以自我为中心的人a self-centered man光是重量sheer weight光是运气sheer luck 一派胡言sheer nonsense军号声 bulge call 人工呼吸kiss of life一串气泡 a trail of bubbles一点点关心 one tiny scrap of care 非理性因素non-rational factors 过去的好日子good old days思想模式thought patterns 陈旧的故事stock anecdotes思路brain path 鲜明的对比 a striking contrast 强烈的满足感keen satisfaction 感情上的联想sentimental association 一场恶吵 a bitter quarrel 酸葡萄sour grapes毫无根据的意见groundless opinions社会地位social position重要而有说服力的因素 a potent factor怀疑的余地room of doubt一种教条的观点great intellects大学者们great intellects不可避免的结果inevitable result 长期的斗争age-long struggle互相矛盾冲突的观点conflicting ideas鲜明的例子striking examples根深蒂固的信仰deeply-rooted convictions仅仅是断言bare assertion低头to sink one's head 使船沉没to sink the ship思考生命的意义to contemplate the meaning of life让阳光一下照着to catch the light毁了一个人的身体to ruin one's health 毁了国家to ruin the country猛敲桌子to bang the desk 扮演一个重要的角色to playa prominent role占有重要的位置to hold a prominent position 一个虔诚的佛教徒a pious Buddhist获得一种名声to gain a reputation 满足一个人的虚荣心to satisfy one's ego严刑逼供to give sb the third degree 发明一种教学方法to devise a teaching method在某人手中悄悄塞一支枪to slide a gun into sb's hand引起一些兴趣to whip up a little interest让谈话继续下去to keep the ball rolling让谈话开始to set the ball rolling一个作风古怪的百万富翁an eccentric millionaire分配资金to allot capital 勒紧裤带to tighten one’s belt 讲一句话to make a remark伸出一只手to stretch out one’s hand 润润嘴唇to moisten one’s lips抱怨天气to complain of the weather将棍子用力插入沙中to plunge the stick into the sand 突然冲我来了to turn on me 使某人心烦to get on one’s nerve是某人将某事忘得精光t o put something out of someone’s mind脱钩t o come off the hook做填字游戏t o do a crossword puzzle 擤鼻涕to blow one’s nose 在鼻子上涂粉to powder one’s nose 提出案发时不在现场的证据to give an alibi获得新的深刻认识to gain new insights 修改一个人的观点to revise one’s ideas追查起因to trace the cause 从这前提出发to begin from this premise朝目标开火to open fire on/at 给以同样重视to give equal weight to sth支持某一观点to support a certain view 对政府施加影响to influence the government破坏实力平衡to destroy the balance of power 组成联盟to form an alliance偿还贷款to repay the loans 考虑战争的问题to contemplate war填补缺口to fill in the gaps 结束探索to conclude the quest从某一角度看问题to view sth from a certain perspective从比较中获益to benefit from the comparison消灭差别to eliminate from the comparison 深入研究问题to dig into the problem 淹没在大海之中to be immersed in a vast sea从不同的观点出发to stem from a different point of view命中注定要做某事to be destined to do sth 无视这个事实to ignore the fact作出假设to make an assumption 打败敌人to defeat the enemy夺回失土to win back one’s lost territory 沉船to sink a boat截获机密to intercept the secret message将证据凑在一起to piece together evidence接近真理to approximate the truth 掌握新技术to master new techniques庆祝他的50华诞to celebrate its Golden Jubilee 引起羡慕to excite admiration触动良心to touch the conscience 得奖to win the prize受到训斥to receive a reprimand 省去这些字to omit the words宣布放弃奖金renounce the prizes 避免一场危机avert a crisis参加仪式attend the ceremony 展示一件艺术品exhibit a work of art尽情享受乐趣to indulge in pleasures 保护一个孩子guard a child感到有能力做某事feel up to do something 使某事正式结束bring sth to a close挥手让某人进去wave sb in 使某人不必处于某种场合to save sb from a situation向某人说说心里话to talk out one’s heart to sb 把某人打翻在地knock sb down给某人斟酒pour sb a drink 举杯祝酒raise one’s glass从大腿上慢慢流下来trickle down her legs像鲸鱼一样喷水puff like a whale想雪一样融化掉melt down like snow 一眼看清了当时的情况sum up the scene进行电视采访do their interview 心存怨恨bear resentment难受的想吐feel sick in the stomach 突然大声的怒气冲冲的冲进来come in like thunder 渐渐散去drift away gradually 看中某人的意见value one’s opinion提高在某人心中的地位increase one’s standing with sb使自己振作起来pull oneself together 开始提供晚餐serve dinner 禽抱一个拿枪的劫匪tackle an armed robber和某人厮守下去stick with sb 系上腰带fasten the seat belt虐待妻子abuse one’s wife 和很多人乱搞男女关系screw his way around碰某人一个手指头lay a finger on sb 进行人工呼吸catch sb trying to do sth用力把自己身体升起heave oneself up浮出水面float to the surface在水下拼命挣扎thrash about under the water 使自己依靠在某物上prop oneself against冲出水面break surface 抓住某物seize hold of sth 把自己用力拉起来haul oneself up 紧紧锁住某人双手pinion one’s arms 把某人挡开fend sb off击中某处land a blow 呆在水下stay under in the water将这些观点加以归类to classify propositions 持有一种意见to hold an opinion 建立信念to establish convictions 颠倒过程to reverse the process 对是否是真相提出疑问to question the truth 获得财富to acquire wealth接受一种新的信念to adopt a new belief 放弃信念to abandon belief证明完全相反to demonstrate the contrary 相信这一事实to credit the fact 怀有一种意见to entertain an opinion使这个字的意思延伸一下to extend the term珍惜他们的尊敬to value their respect轻视他们的意见to belittle their opinions考虑某一点to make an allowance改变我们的思维模式to alter our thought patterns走同样的路to take the same course鹦鹉学舌般重复他人的思想to parrot others' ideasUNIT 11、我知道，不管发生什么I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2、一般情况下As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.3、如果他们双方不妥协Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4、我们希望使我们It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5、中国的书面文字The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6、在中国的传统艺术中In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8、伊丽莎白一世Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9、真理一开始The truth is always in the hand of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10, 民主意味着由Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority’s right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11、一个国A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12、那次晚会很乏味The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13 路很泥泞The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.14、有一天，我因为One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15、佛罗里达州The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16、认为太阳绕着地球The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17、这些胡同The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18、日子一天天过去Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19、他怕犯错He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20、她的身体糟糕到了Her health was such terrible that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she get sun-stroke.你能强迫一个You can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.学习文学The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.通过阅读范文You can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.在中世纪In the Middle Ages, people believed that the earth was flat and that it was the center of the universe. 我既没有时间I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.小金Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.爱能改善人们Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.优秀的企业Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change. 许多东西Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.在过去的10年里In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.UNIT21、我们公司在这么短It is a miracle how our company has developed into a multinational in such a short span of time.2、那个国家的平均寿命The average life span of that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matter of two decades.3、这两个国家的冲突The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4有四座大桥There are four bridges spanning the river.5、我对你非常感谢I'm much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.6、不，这个聚会No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don't have to go if you don't want to.7 人们找她She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8 山谷里有一个小湖In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for picnic .9、他坐在一个阴凉Sitting in that shady spot he soon dozed off.10、他看见我把一个塑料He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bag by the roadside.11 那是一件白底蓝点It is a white shirt with blue spots. It looks quite pretty.12、这位侦探发现了The detective spotted the suspect and he walked and arrested him.13、有一个气球爆了One of the balloons popped and it gave me quite a start.14 在上课的时候进It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.15、当他看见那位小伙子When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.16、在那些国家里水比油In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring dollars' worth of water as a gift.17、这个项目完成When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment.18、这电影不值得看两遍This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it's not worth seeing at all.19 我觉得那地方值得I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditional houses intact-houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20、贾宝玉当他父亲Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father's worthy son. He yearnedfor freedom.1.看来病人在这个城市It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2.交朋友易It’s easy to make friends but difficult to keep them.3.他总是懂的朋友He can always understand what his friends are thinking and worrying about.4.或许根本就不是Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the tap running all night.5.那男孩一点也不The boy had no idea how he had become an old man in half a day.6.不知道王宁I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I haven’t heard from himfor almost a year.7.你出生于什么样的家庭It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The real test ishow far you can go from where you started.8.她简直不相信She simply couldn’t believe what she saw. It was only yesterday that the twintowers were standing there.9.第八号陪审员Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone else who had stabbedthe boy’s father to death.10.在市场经济中In the market economy, it is primarily by individuals and firms rather than bygovernment agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.UNIT31.尚不知飞The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2.地球转The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3.他把他的一He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4.历史上这条The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5.你认为国际恐怖主义的What do you think caused the upsurge of international terrorism?6.我们必须团结那些反对We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7.任何进步和改革都会There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8.有些人对新事物总是Some people are always opposed to new things.9.这些贷款中不少从未归还A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10.工商银行现在给The Business Bank now offers a special loan for students who can't pay for their education.11.这男孩问斯多太太能否将她的The boy asked Mrs.Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12.她在结束讲话时Her concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.13.他们一结束调查就As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14.在他访问期间，During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15根据这些有理疑点，陪审团只能得出结论，这个少Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16.他将经东京飞往纽约She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17.我想谈谈上世界60年代的情I'd like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.18.他们决定召They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.1.英雄是具有非凡品Heroes and heroines are people with unusual qualities.2.名流是因媒体炒作而出名Celebrities are people who become famous because of publicitythrough the media.3.在中国大陆，“爱人In China mainland, "sweet heart" often refers to a person's husband or wife.4.一个不能共患难的朋友A fair-weather friend is one who will desert you as soon as you are in trouble.5.从广义上说，货币指Broadly speaking, money refers to anything generally accepted in exchange for other goods and services.6.一个坐在扶手椅里的An armchair revolutionary is one who talks about revolution, but who doesn't put what he says into practice.7.鲁教授说一个好教师应努力使自己成Professor Lu says that a good teacher is one who does all he/she can to make himself/herself unnecessary for the students.8.经济学定义为研究商品和服务的生产、分配和消费的社会Economics is defined as the social science that deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.9.DVD是上面能储藏大量在计算机DVD is a disk on which large amounts of information, especially photographs and video can be stored, for use on a computer.10.《牛津高级学生词典》The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "workaholic" as "a person who works most of the time and finds it difficult to stop working in order to do other things".UNIT41、因为疯牛病Import of that country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.2、在战争期间During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.3、吸毒是一件严重It was a serious offence to take drugs. Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.4、她正躺在悬挂She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.5 这次暂停销售The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.6 这也许是亚洲This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.7 这个作家善于制造悬念。
现代大学英语精读4_Unit1-9_课后句子翻译题答案
1-9 课的课后题目翻译句子的答案都有，有些单元夹带词组短语翻译。
很辛苦收集，然后编排的。
有好几个单元的找不到，还是自己手打的。
大家要好好珍惜啊。
嘻嘻，排的。
有好几个单元的找不到，还是自己手打的。
大家要好好珍惜啊。
嘻嘻，~\(~\(~\(≧▽≦≧▽≦≧▽≦)/~)/~)/~啦啦啦啦Lesson 11) I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2) As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.3) Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4) It is our hope to integrate all the courses and teaching materials.5) The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6) In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7) The great majority of the people stand for reform.8) Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9) The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first. That's therule. 10) Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority's right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11) A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politicallyand culturally as well as geographically.12) The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13) The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.14) One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when hecame and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15) The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16) The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for morethan a thousand years.17)The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing. 18)Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress. 19) He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake. 20)Her health was such that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke.Lesson 21. It is a miracle how our company has become a multinational in such a short span of time.2. The average life span in that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in amatter of two decades.3. The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4. There are four bridges spanning the river.5. I ’m much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished thebook.’t have to go if you don’t want6.No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You donto.She’’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.7.She8.In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for a picnic.9.Sitting in a shady spot, he soon dozed off.10.He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bad down by the roadside.11.It was a white shirt with blue spots. It looked quite pretty.12.The detective spotted the suspect, and he walked over and arrested him.13.One of the balloons popped, and it gave me quiet a start.14.It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.15.When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.16.In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring ten dollars’’worth of water as a gift.dollars17.When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment.18.This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it is not worth seeing at all.19.I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditional house intact ––houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.intact’s worthy son. He yearned for20.Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his fatherfreedom.Lesson 31)The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2) The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3) He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4) The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5) What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism?6) We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7) There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8) Some people are always opposed to new things.9) A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economicpower in the world.’t pay for their 10) The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who caneducation.11) The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12. She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.13 As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14 During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15 Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16 He is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17 I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.18 They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.Lesson 4Translate1. Import of the country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.1.During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.2.it was a serious offence to take drugs, Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.3.She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.4.The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.5.This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.6.The author is very good at creating suspense.7.He used to watch wit great envy children of wealthy people go to school.8.I rather envy their school for its beautiful campus.9.She averted her face so that people would not see her blush.10.He has always had an aversion to publicity.11.The government’s policy succeeded in averting a serious economic recession.12.Michael Jordan is the envy of many black kids.13.Every summer, hundreds of thousands of people are sent to guard the riverbanks against floods.14.it was not easy to get the golden apple, for it was guarded by a furious giant.15.Xicheng was practically unguarded so Zhuge Liang narrowly escaped being captured.16.The prisoners of war killed the guards and escaped into the woods.17.He is probably the greatest guard in the history of basketball.18.They took Americans off guard by launching a sudden attack on a Sunday.19.There were two armed soldiers standing guard at the bridge.20.Napoleon exhibited his military talent early in life.21.These exhibits are all insured and carefully guarded.22.When the exhibition is over, the exhibit will be given to the host country as gifts.23.She is going to exhibit some of her most recent sculptures at the National ArtGalleryLesson 51.We need to increase our oil import in the coming years to meet the growing demand for energy.2.Our profit has increased by 20% in the past 2 years.3.The number of privately-owned cars has increased 5 times (fivefold) in 5 years.4.The number of mobile phone owners in our city has increased from 20 thousand to about half a million in less than 5 years.5.She propped her bike against a tree.6.The local economy is largely propped on tourism7.He was fast asleep with his head propped on a big rock8.You need strong props to keep the tower from leaning any further.9.Flight 901 is due to land at the airport at 8:5510.Many foreign observers say that the nest man to land on the moon may very well be a Chinese.11.One of the stones they threw landed on the head of a young soldier.12.If you go on like this, you will land yourself in a jail.13.I landed a powerful pinch to his chin and sent him sprawling.14.When you approach a drowning person, you must not let him grip your hands.15.Reports of the sudden appearance of these whales gripped the interest of the whole city.16.If she lost grip of the rope, she'd fall 1000 feet to sure death.17.You must keep a grip in yourself. Don't despair.18.Our government did everything possible to defend the value of our currency.19.The total value of our exports to that country in the first nine months this year has reached $94 billion.20.A man who dates to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.(Charles Darwin)21.At college, students acquire certain values, this is an important part of their education.22.If you value your life, quit smoking!23.This painting is valued at $20 million.Lesson 6我们要不惜一切代价取得这一结果。
大学英语精读第四册UnitOne课文介绍
大学英语精读第四册UnitOne课文介绍大学英语精读第四册Unit One课文介绍导语：我们都曾幻想自己有一大笔钱，下面是一篇讲述获得一大笔钱的简单方式的英语课文，欢迎大家学习。
TextTwo college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems to good to be true, it probably is.BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAYJohn G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags."I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered."I can live with it," his brother agreed."But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer embarrasses you."The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone."Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired."Super!" She snapped. "Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled up out front.""Another truck?""The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's happening.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The company had promised our boys $600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday morning."Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted." Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed, "And we can do the job in two hours!""Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife informed me. "There are thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?""Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed. "They're college men. They'll do what they have to do."At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of ad inserts. "They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber bandaround them and slide them into a plastic bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. "All this must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning.""Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you later. Got a lunch date.When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife."Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so."Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think.""Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'""That's encouraging.""No, it's not," she corrected. "It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bags have been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation! It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!""Another thing," she continued. "Your college sons must learn that one does not get the best out of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled, "I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again! Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags."But that would cut into our profit," he suggested."There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time. If they don't, you two will have toremove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or sleeping until it is removed."There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, "Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality.""Do it!""Yes, sir!"By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $5 and a few competitive bonuses while the bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed.The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $2 per hour. Gradually, the huge stacks began to shrink.As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amountfor gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each —about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of them put it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton fromvarious corners of the house out the front door to curbside. I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard them discussing finances."Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!""We're going to be rich!"Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire library."No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!""Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!""You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain."Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as well make a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……" New Wordsbuckn. (sl.) U.S. dollarplastica. 塑料的n. (pl) 塑料doorknobn. 门把手leisurelya. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的leisuren. free time 空闲时间，闲暇lucrativea. profitable 有利的;赚钱的painvt. cause pain topanhandlevi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streetsdeliveryn. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递;送交enthusevi. show enthusiasminquirevt. asksupera. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellentsnapvt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说insertn. 插页normallyad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常companyn. 公司echovt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和;重复adn. (short for) advertisementinformvt. tell; give information 告知porchn. (AmE) veranda 门廊armloadn. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armfulwalkn. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道unnaturallyad. in an unnatural way 不自然地quavervi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 颤抖truckloadn. as much or as many as a truck can carrydepartment storen. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司dimen. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten centsdime storen. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店;小商口店drugstore。
现代大学英语第二版精读4 Unit1Thinking as a Hobby
optimist…”
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Background
Author
His most well-known work: Lord of the Flies (1954)
His Works
About a group of small British boys who lapse into violence after they have been stranded on a desert island and lost all adult guidance. Ironically the adult world is devastated by nuclear war.
Text Analysis
Detailed Analysis
• Did he change his idea later?
• Why couldn’t he communicate with the headmaster? • What was the conclusion he came to in the end?
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Human nature is inherently corruptible and wicked ??
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Some other works
1995 1980
1964
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Memorable Quotes
What do people say about THINKING?
Then you’d better learn – hadn’t you?
That’s what a man looks like when he’s really thinking.
现代大学英语精读4unit1课文summary
现代大学英语精读4unit1课文summaryLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby William Golding While I was still a boy,I came to the conclusion that there were three grades of thinking; and thatl myself could not think at all.It was the headmaster of my grammar school who first brought the subject of thinkingbefore me.He had somestatuettes in his study. They stood on a high cupboard behind his desk. One was a ladywearing nothing but a bath towel. She seemed frozen in an eternal panic lest the bath towel slipdown any farther, and since she had no arms, she was in an unfortunate position to pull the towelup again. Next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard, ready to spring down at the top drawer of a filing cabinet. Beyond the leopard was a naked, muscular gentleman, who sat, looking down, with his chin on his fist and his elbow on his knee. He seemed utterly miserable.Some time later,I learned about these statuettes. The headmaster had placed them where they would face delinquent children, because they symbolized to him to whole of life. The naked lady was the Venus. She was Love. She was not worried about the towel. She was just busy being beautiful. The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural. The naked, muscular gentleman was not miserable. He was Rodin's Thinker, an image of pure thought.I had better explain that I was a frequent visitor to the headmaster's study, because of the latest thing I had done or left undone. As we now say,I was not integrated.I was, if anything, disintegrated. Whenever Ifound myself in a penal position before the headmaster's desk,I would sink my head, and writhe one shoe over the other.The headmaster would look at me and say,"What are wegoing to do with you?"Well, what were they going to do with me? I would writhe my shoe some more and staredown at the worn rug."Look up, boy! Can't you look up?"Then I would look at the cupboard, where the naked lady was frozen in her panic and themuscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom.I had nothing to say tothe headmaster. His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them.There was no possibility of communication."Don't you ever think at all?"No，I didn't think，wasn't thinking，couldn't think-I was simply waiting in anguish for the interview to stop."Then you'd better learn-hadn't you？"On one occasion the headmaster leaped to his feet，reached up and put Rodin's masterpiece on the desk before me."That's what a man looks like when he's really thinking."Clearly there was something missing in me.Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out.But like someoneborn deaf，but bitterly determined to find out about sound，I watched my teachers to find outabout thought.There was Mr.Houghton.He was always telling me to think.With a modest satisfaction，he would tell that he had thought a bit himself.Then why did he spend so much time drinking? Or was there more sense in drinking than there appeared to be? But if not, and if drinking were in fact ruinous to health-and Mr. Houghton was ruined, there was no doubt about that-why was he always talking about the clean life and the virtues of fresh air?Sometimes, exalted by his own oratory, he would leap from his desk and hustle usoutside into a hideous wind."Now, boys! Deep breaths! Feel it right down inside you-huge draughts of God's good air!"He would stand before us, put his hands on his waist and take a tremendous breath. You could hear the wind trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel withshock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning.。
现代大学英语精读4lesson1-hom
Reflection on Learning
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Read other narratives that explore the concept of "home" and consider how different authors approach the theme.
Plot
The story is set in the Great Depression era in California, where two brothers, who have not spoken to each other for many years, are forced to work together on their father's ranch to save it from bankruptcy. Through their shared hardships and challenges, the brothers eventually overcome their differences and reconcile.
Achievements: Nobel Prize in Literature (1962)
Introduction to the background of the text
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Title: "Home"
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Publisher: The New Yorker
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Publication date: 1935
现代大学英语第二版精读4-Unit1-Key-to-Exercises
1 Translate the following expressions.Into English1. bang the door2. cheer His Majesty3. contemplate the statue4. devise a new method5. gain a reputation6. inspire the people7. sink one's head8. symbolize the nation9. warm one's hands10. ruin one's health11. play an important role12. settle the issueInto Chinese1.永恒的真理2.文件柜3.无稽之谈4.违规行为5常客6新鲜空气7. 格调很高的独白（一个人唱高调）8 一种固定的观点9. 言语障碍10. 可怕的风11.使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情12.无情的入侵者13.首相14.思维过程（思想方式）15.国际联盟16. 一篇条理清楚的文章17. 一位口译好手18. 一种不可阻挡的趋向/潮流19.烂苹果20. 一位点头之交2. Replace the parts in bold type in the following sentences with words and from the text.1. was utterly disgusting2. was given to frequent shopping sprees3. saw the folly; fell into the other fault; cut down4. walked unsteadily; in anguish5. justify; countered by saying; If anything; ruin6. vanish of itself; combat; put in its place7. stand by him/support him/back him up; showed his open contempt and mockery to8. viewed; symbolized; in eternal panic lest9. dismiss lightly; it might be Nazism all over again10. too much for; few and far between; few and far between3.Translate the following sentences into English.1. I know I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2. As a rule, the younger generation tends to be more interested in the present rather than the past unlike the older generation, but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other's needs.3. The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the whole nation.4. In traditional Chinese art and literature, the bamboo and the pine tree always symbolize moral integrity and uprightness.5. Queen Elizabeth I ruled England for 45 years, and the nation prospered under her rule.6. Democracy means that the majority rules. But that's not all. Respect for minority's right to disagree is also an integral part of democracy. The two rules are of equal importance.7. A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated politically, economically, culturally as well as geographically.8. The party was boring, so he slipped out of the room and went home. But the road was so muddy after the rain that he slipped and fell into a ditch.9. Her health was such that she would not dare to be exposed to the sun even in winter 1est she get sunstroke.10. I was drowning my sorrow one night in a small restaurant when he came over to me and slipped a roll of money in my pocket.4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or expressions.1. C2. A3. B4.B/C5C6.B7.A8. D9. A10. A5. Choose the right words in their proper forms.1 l.sexy 2. sexual/sex 3. sexist 4. sexual2 1. disinterested 2. uninterested 3. disinterested3 1. literally 2. literate 3. literary 4. literary 5. literal4 1. bulge 2. sticking out 3. bulging/swollen 4. protruding, protruding, bulge 5. sticking out, swelling 6. jutting out5 1. slipping 2. slid 3. sliding 4. slip 5. gliding, gliding6 1. reputation 2. prestige/reputation 3. reputation6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words to make the sentences ironic1. beautifully2. original3. thick4. clean5. punctual6. decisive7. soft8. rich9. democratic10. riseGrammar1. Learn to use the present/past continuous tense with adverbs of frequency and find out which of the following sentences imply disapproval or annoyance.1,3,4,8,102. Learn the uses of being.1 Study the uses of being in the following sentences and put each into a category listed below.A note on the present/past continuous tense of the stative verb be:1) Permanent qualities such as "be beautiful," "be natural" are generally expressed in the simple present/past tense, e.g. Jim's optimistic. When "be" is used with a continuous tense it is viewed as a temporary state, often with the implication ofa type of behavior, e.g. You're being far too optimistic about your future, Jim.2) Sometimes there isn't much difference between the simple past passive form and the past continuous passive except that the latter is more emphatic.1 1, 102 5,63 3,9,124 2, 4, 75 8, 112 Complete each of the sentences by putting the verb in brackets in the proper form.1. is being robbed2. were being3. is being done4. being5. are being made6. was being repaired7. was being8. being built9. being10. being exaggerated3 Translate the sentences into English, using being.1. He is being investigated for receiving bribes.2. The government started airdropping food to areas being cut off by the flood.3. People are much concerned about how the charity money is being used.4. The exact locations of the laboratories are being kept secret for reasons of security.5. What's the matter with Jim today? I think he's being rather rude, not his usual self.6. The local public security bureau is being criticized for being soft on whit crime.7. The car accident investigator is accused of being one-sided, favoring the offender.8. The project coordinator complains that almost half of his time is being spent on meetings and reports.9. His latest novel being adapted for TV has been on the New York Times best-seller list for forty-two weeks.10. The spokesman flatly denied all rumors being circulated at the moment about the president's health.3. Study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.1. This is a compound complex sentence. The two coordinate clauses are connected by a semicolon ";".Main clause: Claire withdrew... she did not want... In the first coordinate clause: Adverbial clause: the bath towel slip down any farther (It is introduced by "lest.") In the second coordinate clause:Adverbial clause: she had no arms, she was in an... to pull up again (It is introduced by "since.")2. This is a complex sentence. Main clause: it set me watching... and asking... what all the fuss was aboutSubject: it Predicative verb: set Objects: watching... and asking. One of the objects "asking myself..." (a gerund phrase) contains a noun clause "what all the fuss was about" which functions as the direct object of "asking." Adverbial modifier: the prepositional phrase "without giving me anything positive" modifying the main verb "set" Attributive modifier: "put in the place of that heady patriotism" (an infinitive phrase) modifying "anything positive'4. Translate the last three paragraphs of the selection into Chinese.我们再以我的汽车维修师说事。
现代大学英语精读4lesson1_warm-up
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Quotations on Thinking
“I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.” —Socrates “We think too small. Like the frog at the bottom of the well. He thinks the sky is only as big as the top of the well. If he surfaced, he would have an entirely different view.” —Mao Zedong
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The end of What Is Your Story.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Part One
This is the end of Part One. Please click HOME to visit other parts.
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II.
Quotations on Thinking
—Edward de Bono
“Intelligence is something we are born with. Thinking is a skill that must be learned.”
“Most people can’t think, most of the remainder won’t think, and the small fraction who do think mostly can’t do it very well.” —Robert Heinlein “I think, therefore I am.” —René Déscartes
现代大学英语第四册 课后单词详解
1.Appetite[ˈæpitait] n.①食欲，胃口[(+for)]②欲望，爱好，要求[(+for)]助记：ap--加强意义；pet—追求，渴望；—ite 名词后缀语境：Don’t spoil your appetite by eating between meals.不要在两餐之间吃东西,以免影响胃口。
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip. 此时此刻她无心闲聊。
搭配：an appetite for对……的欲望辨异：desire, appetite, lust(1)Desire泛指“欲望”。
(2)Appetite特指对食物的欲望、胃口。
(3)Lust特指性欲（sexual desire）。
①坚持，维护②断言，宣称连续他声称他无罪。
They asserted innocence.他们声称他是清白的。
搭配：assert oneself 坚持自己的权利（或意见），显示自己的权威（或威力）辨异：allege, assert(1)Allege指在缺乏证据的情况下宣称。
(2)Assert指以强烈的信心或论点极力主张。
(a)The teacher alleged that the student might have cheated on the exam. 老师说那名学生可能考试作弊。
(b)The student asserted that he had not cheated. 那名学生极力否认作弊。
3.Atmosphere[ˈætməsfiə] n. ①大气，大气层②空气③气氛，环境④大气压（压力单位）语境：A spokesman of Home Affairs Bureau said the atmosphere will continue to be built up with 200-day and 100-day countdown activities, and a torch relay in next May. 民政事务局的发言人说通过奥运倒计时200天和100天的庆祝活动，以及明年5月举行的奥运火炬接力，香港的奥运气氛将会越趋热烈。
现代大学英语精读4(第二版)-部分课文及短语重点翻译
精读四 Unit 1 bang the door 猛然敲门 1. cheer His Majesty 向国王陛下欢呼 2. contemplate the statue 凝视那雕像 3. 发明一种新方法/设计 4.devise a new way gain a reputation 获得一种名声 5. inspire the people 鼓舞人民6. s head ’sink one 低下头 7. 代表国家/象征8.symbolize the nation s hands ’warm one 暖和双手 9. s health ’ruin one 毁了某人的健康 10. play an important role/part in 扮演重要的角色 11. 解决这个问题 12. settle the issue the eternal truth 永恒的真理 1. a filing cabinet 档案柜 2. utter nonsense 无稽之谈 3. delinquent behavior 有违法倾向的行为 4.常客 5.a frequent visitor fresh air 新鲜空气 6. high-minded monologue 格调很高的独白 7. a settled view 一个固定的观点 8. a speech impediment 语言障碍 9.可怕的风10.a hideous wind heady patriotism 使人兴奋的爱国热情11. the remorseless invaders 无情的入侵者 12. the Prime Minister 首相 13.a mental process 思维过程 14.国际联盟 15.the League of Nations a coherent article 一篇有条理的文章 16. a proficient interpreter 一位口译好手 17. an irresistible trend 一个不可避免的趋势 18. rotten apples 腐烂的苹果 19.点头之交 20.a nodding acquaintance （前五）他因收受贿赂而正在接受调查。
现代大学英语精读4lesson1_text appreciation
Part 3 (Paras. 30—35) about:The author’s understanding of the “grade-one thinking” and his desire for it
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The end of Structure.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I. Text Analysis
How are the three statuettes described by the
boy and what do they symbolize?
based on a logical moral between, only
system
in books
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The end of General Analysis.
I. Text Analysis
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Further Questions on Appreciation
thinking Grade-three
characteristics
Ignorance, hypocrisy, prejudice, self-satisfied, contradictions
examples
Mr. Houghton, nine tens of people
Grade-two Grade-one
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
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1.alas: (adv)
Synonyms：sadly, unfortunately
2.anguish: (n)
Derivative：anguished (adj) 感到痛苦的，表现痛苦的~ cry 痛苦的叫喊
3.atheist: (n) 无神论者，不知论者
Near synonym：agnostic (n) 无神论者，不知论者
4.Buddhist: (n)
Derivative：Buddhism 佛教
5.bulge: (v)
Near synonyms：swell (v) 膨胀，肿；protrude (v)突出，膨胀
6.confer: (v)
Derivative：conferment (n) （学位，荣誉）等授予；Synonyms：award 授予，bestow 赠予
7.confront: (v)
Derivative：confrontation （n）正视，面对；Synonym：face（vt）
8.contemplate: (v)
Derivative：contemplation (n) 沉思，深思熟虑Synonyms：consider, think （v）
9.contempt: (n)
Synonym：scorn (n) 蔑视
Antonym：respect (n)
Derivative：contemptuous (adj) 蔑视的，鄙视的
10.c ontradiction: (n)
Synonym：inconsistency 矛盾，前后不一致
Antonyms：similarity, harmony, consistency (n)
11.c onversion: (n)
Derivative：convert (vt) 转变，转化，皈依
Synonym：change (v)
12.d eficiency: (n)
Derivative：deficient (adj) 不足的，缺乏的
13.d etestation: (n)
Synonym：loathing (n) 憎恶；
Antonym：love
Derivative：detest (v)（憎恶）→（同义词）loathe (v) 憎恶，厌恶
14.d isintegrate: (v) 分裂，碎裂，粉碎
Synonym：collapse (v) 倒塌，粉碎；
Antonyms：fuse (v) 熔合，混合; integrate (v) 集合，综合Derivative：disintegration (n) 碎裂，分裂
15.d isinterested: (adj) 公正的，无私的
Synonym：impartial (adj) 公平的，公正的；
Antonym：biased (adj) 有偏见的
16.d raught: (n) 通风，气流（注意：与drought的区别）Synonym：air (n) 气流；
Derivative：draughty (adj) 通风的
17.e go: (n)
Derivatives：egoism (n) 利己主义，自我中心主义；egoist (n) 利己主义者，自我主义者；egoistic (adj) 自我主义的，利己主义的
18.exalted: (adj)
Synonym：exultant (adj) 狂喜的，兴高采烈的
19.gloom: (n)
Synonym：desolation (n) 悲哀，忧伤，孤寂；Derivative：gloomy (adj)忧伤的，抑郁的，昏暗的
20. 表示“兴奋的，高兴的，激动的”一组形容词：（8个）exalted:兴高采烈的；exultant: 狂喜的，兴高采烈的；heady:激动的，兴奋的；exciting；intoxicating: 令人兴奋的，激动的；thrilling: 激动的，振奋的；exhilarating: 兴高采烈的，激动的，triumphant: 喜气洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的
21．hideous: (adj)
Synonyms：ghastly (令人厌恶的，令人不快的)；ugly, unpleasant
Antonym：pleasant；令人愉快的
Derivative：hideously (adv) 可怕地，丑陋地22．hypocrisy: (n) 伪善
Synonym: falseness:（n）伪善;
Antonym：sincerity (n) 真诚
23．indignant: (adj) 愤怒的，愤慨的
Synonyms: outraged: 愤怒的；incensed: 愤怒的（adj）Derivative：indignantly (adv) 愤慨地，愤怒地
24．integrated: (adj) 完整的，统一的
Antonym：disintegrated (adj) 破裂的，碎裂的
25．irresistible: (adj)
Synonym: overwhelming: 压倒一切的，势不可挡的Derivative：irresistibly (adv) 不可抗拒地26．irreverent: (adj)
Synonym: disrespectful: 无礼的；
Antonyms：reverent, respectful:有礼貌的
27．lag: (v)
Synonyms: trail: (v) 落在后面，拖在后面，drag: (v) 拖，拉Antonym：surpass: (v) 超过，超出
28．modest: (adj)
Synonyms: reasonable, moderate
29．muscular: (adj)
Synonym: brawny: (adj) 肌肉发达的
30．oratory: (n) 演讲术，雄辩术
扩充相关的词汇：rhetoric (n) 修辞学(注意发音)
31．Patriotism: (n) 爱国主义，爱国心
Derivatives：patriot: (n) 爱国者；patriotic: (adj) 爱国的；patriotic songs 爱国歌曲
32. penal: (adj) 应受刑罚的，处罚的
Derivative：penalty (n) 刑罚，惩罚，处罚(注意发音)
33. pious: (adj)
Synonyms: devout: 虔诚的（注意发音），religious：笃信宗教的，虔诚的
34. proficient: (adj) 精通的，熟练的
固定搭配：be proficient in sth 精通于某事物
Synonym: competent:称职的，能胜任的，
Antonym：inefficient:不称职的，不精通的
35. prominent: (adj) 重要的，著名的
Synonym: significant:著名的，重要的；
Antonyms：unimportant, unknown:不重要的，不知名的Derivative：prominently (adv) 突出地，显著地
36. remorselessly: (adv)
Synonyms: mercilessly, ruthlessly:无怜悯心的，无情的37. repetition: (n)
Synonym: recurrence (n) 再现，重复发生
38. restively: (adv)
Synonyms:
一组表示焦躁，忧虑不安的，要求记忆：（5个）restlessly:不安地，uneasily: (adv) 忧虑地，不安地；impatiently, restively, nervously（要求一组记忆）
39. rotten: (adj)
Synonyms: decayed, decomposed: 腐烂的，分解的
40. trifle: (n) 琐事，小事
Synonyms: triviality: (n) 琐事
Derivatives：trifling (adj) 不重要的，微不足道的=trivial: adj 琐碎的）
41. unaccustomed: (adj) 不习惯的，不熟悉的
Synonym: unused: 不习惯的；
Antonym：familiar：熟悉的
42. utterly: (adv)
Synonyms: absolutely, totally, completely :完全，彻底的，绝对地。