第八讲 英语翻译技巧 重复法
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翻译重复法
The old vagrant believes that poverty has its advantage. 那个老流浪汉认为穷也有穷的好处。
重复关系代词替代的名词
修饰
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.
只要我们学习努力，而且学习得法，我们就能克服学 习中的困难。
重复共同的宾语
(1).People use natural science to understand and change natural. 人们利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。
People use natural science to understand (natural) and change natural.
(2).Teachers should try their best to develop the student's ability to analyze and solve problems. 教师应当尽力培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
Teachers should try their best to develop the student's ability to analyze (problems) and solve problems.
重复人称代词替代的名词
If an atom contains three protons,itit must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子含有三个质子，这个原子 必然有三个电 子，使之不带电荷。
重复关系代词替代的名词
修饰
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.
只要我们学习努力，而且学习得法，我们就能克服学 习中的困难。
重复共同的宾语
(1).People use natural science to understand and change natural. 人们利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。
People use natural science to understand (natural) and change natural.
(2).Teachers should try their best to develop the student's ability to analyze and solve problems. 教师应当尽力培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
Teachers should try their best to develop the student's ability to analyze (problems) and solve problems.
重复人称代词替代的名词
If an atom contains three protons,itit must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子含有三个质子，这个原子 必然有三个电 子，使之不带电荷。
英汉翻译(8)重复法共59页文档
拉
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地译(8)重复法
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6、黄金时代是在我们的前面，而不在 我们的 后面。
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7、心急吃不了热汤圆。
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8、你可以很有个性，但某些时候请收 敛。
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9、只为成功找方法，不为失败找借口 (蹩脚 的工人 总是说 工具不 好)。
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10、只要下定决心克服恐惧，便几乎 能克服 任何恐 惧。因 为，请 记住， 除了在 脑海中 ，恐惧 无处藏 身。-- 戴尔． 卡耐基 。
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地译(8)重复法
•
6、黄金时代是在我们的前面，而不在 我们的 后面。
•
7、心急吃不了热汤圆。
•
8、你可以很有个性，但某些时候请收 敛。
•
9、只为成功找方法，不为失败找借口 (蹩脚 的工人 总是说 工具不 好)。
•
10、只要下定决心克服恐惧，便几乎 能克服 任何恐 惧。因 为，请 记住， 除了在 脑海中 ，恐惧 无处藏 身。-- 戴尔． 卡耐基 。
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
7.重复法
He likes to stand on the platform, watching people come in, go out, go out, come in and saying nothing. 他喜欢站在台上，看着人们进进出出，出 出进进，却一言不发。 back
运用四字对偶词组
Although machines do work better and faster than a person does, they will never be able to replace him because they must be controlled by man.
尽管机器人比人工作得更好，更快，但机 器决不能取代人，因为机器必须由人来控 制。 back
But there had been too much publicity about his case. 但他的事已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。oasts were flat. 祝酒辞平平淡淡。 I wasn’t evasive in my reply. 我的回答并不躲躲闪闪。
7. 重复法 Repetition
在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不 得不重复某些词语。这种反复使用某 些词语的翻译方法就叫重复法。
一般说来，重复法有三个作用： 1. 为了明确 2. 为了强调 3. 为了生动
1. 为了明确
重复名词 重复动词 重复形容词 重复代词 重复介词
重复代词（重复代词所代替的名词）
Ignoring a problem does not solve it. 对于一个问题置之不理，并不能解决问题。 When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive. 她抬起眼晴的时候，眼睛显得很大，很特 别，很动人。
翻译技巧重复法
• They were starting from scratch and needed men, guns, training.
• 他们是白手起家的人，需要人员，需要枪支，需 要训练。
翻译技巧重复法
重复动词（2）
• We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other – of everything but our host and hostess.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 4. That day he was up before sunrise. • 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 • (adv. → v.)
翻译技巧重复法
小结
词类转译法
英汉两种语言的差别（静态 VS动态）要求我们在翻译的 时候适当运用词类转译法以 符合目的语的逻辑和特征。
• 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就 是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（的问 题/情况）。
重复英语中作宾语的名词 (p73)
翻译技巧重复法
练习
• We have to analyze and solve problems. • 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
• They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
• 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的 男女主人。
英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次、第三次往往 只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替
英语中重复的前置词(p76)
• 他们是白手起家的人，需要人员，需要枪支，需 要训练。
翻译技巧重复法
重复动词（2）
• We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other – of everything but our host and hostess.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 4. That day he was up before sunrise. • 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 • (adv. → v.)
翻译技巧重复法
小结
词类转译法
英汉两种语言的差别（静态 VS动态）要求我们在翻译的 时候适当运用词类转译法以 符合目的语的逻辑和特征。
• 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就 是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（的问 题/情况）。
重复英语中作宾语的名词 (p73)
翻译技巧重复法
练习
• We have to analyze and solve problems. • 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
• They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
• 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的 男女主人。
英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次、第三次往往 只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替
英语中重复的前置词(p76)
第八讲：重复法
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3.2 英语中用物主代词its, his, their等等以代替 句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时，翻译 时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词，以 达到明确具体的目的。 1) Happy families also had their own troubles. 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。 2) Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their won lines. 强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。 3) Each country has its own customs. 各国有各国的风格。
2013-6-9
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2.2 英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用 前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重 复的前置词。 1）We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other---- of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼 此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。 2) He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. 他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼， 搏斗和角力。
5) The change of Taylor was that of a key man in the key slot ----- something that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other players. 泰勒的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变，他的转 变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。 6) Stephen made a bow. Not a servile one ---- he will never do that. 斯地芬鞠了一个躬。这不是一种卑躬屈膝的鞠躬——他决不 会那样做。
3.2 英语中用物主代词its, his, their等等以代替 句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时，翻译 时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词，以 达到明确具体的目的。 1) Happy families also had their own troubles. 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。 2) Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their won lines. 强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。 3) Each country has its own customs. 各国有各国的风格。
2013-6-9
11
2.2 英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用 前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重 复的前置词。 1）We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other---- of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼 此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。 2) He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. 他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼， 搏斗和角力。
5) The change of Taylor was that of a key man in the key slot ----- something that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other players. 泰勒的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变，他的转 变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。 6) Stephen made a bow. Not a servile one ---- he will never do that. 斯地芬鞠了一个躬。这不是一种卑躬屈膝的鞠躬——他决不 会那样做。
英汉翻译(8)重复法
Lecture Eight
•Repetition •重复法
I. For Clearness
• 1. Repetition of nouns • The People’s Daily guides, educates and encourages the masses. • 《人民日报》指导群众，教育群众，鼓舞群 众。（重复作宾语的名词） • They do some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error. (重复作表语的名词) • 他们做了某些事情，因为他们是误入歧途的 人，是被错误蒙蔽的人。
• 1) Ignoring a problem does not solve it. • 对一个问题置之不理，并不能解决 问题。 • 2) Smith seemed ill at ease with power, Ball sought it. • 史密斯似乎对权力感到困惑不安，包 尔则拼命追求权力。
• The engineer must have a knowledge not only of what these properties are and mean, but also of how they are determined. • 工程师不仅必须具备有关性能及其含义方面 的知识，而且还必须具备测定性能方面的知识。 （重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词） • We call this type a closed-core transformer. • 我们把这种类型的变压器叫做闭铁芯变压器。 （重复相关联成分后面所省略的名词）
• 5) They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting. • 他们非常不愿意推迟这次会议或取消 这次会议。 • 6) Odette needs and deserves admiration─it is the element that contents her. • 奥德蒂需要让人羡慕，而且也值得让 人羡慕——这正是她感到满意的一点。
•Repetition •重复法
I. For Clearness
• 1. Repetition of nouns • The People’s Daily guides, educates and encourages the masses. • 《人民日报》指导群众，教育群众，鼓舞群 众。（重复作宾语的名词） • They do some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error. (重复作表语的名词) • 他们做了某些事情，因为他们是误入歧途的 人，是被错误蒙蔽的人。
• 1) Ignoring a problem does not solve it. • 对一个问题置之不理，并不能解决 问题。 • 2) Smith seemed ill at ease with power, Ball sought it. • 史密斯似乎对权力感到困惑不安，包 尔则拼命追求权力。
• The engineer must have a knowledge not only of what these properties are and mean, but also of how they are determined. • 工程师不仅必须具备有关性能及其含义方面 的知识，而且还必须具备测定性能方面的知识。 （重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词） • We call this type a closed-core transformer. • 我们把这种类型的变压器叫做闭铁芯变压器。 （重复相关联成分后面所省略的名词）
• 5) They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting. • 他们非常不愿意推迟这次会议或取消 这次会议。 • 6) Odette needs and deserves admiration─it is the element that contents her. • 奥德蒂需要让人羡慕，而且也值得让 人羡慕——这正是她感到满意的一点。
英译汉第8讲翻译技巧之重复法连淑能英译汉教程参考幻灯片
2020/10/5
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Nanjing University
grammatical repetition
重复被修饰语
Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law, in particular of the Geneva Convention.
翻译技巧
第八讲
2013-4-23
重复法
repetition
Nanjing University
repetition
grammatical repetition rhetorical reduplication and
repetition
2020/10/5
2
Nanjing University
repetition
我非常钦佩你们决心增强中国经济，并且决心保证使从事社 会主义建设的人民群众能够享受经济发展的成果。
2020/10/5
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Nanjing University
grammatical repetition
重复修饰语
I identify myself as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United Nations.
我自认为我既是一个批评联合国的爱护者，又是一个爱 护联合国的批评者。
We need materials which can bear high temperature and pressure.
第八讲英语翻译技巧重复法解析
张伟红
（二）加强语气，表示强调
eg. 1)Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。 2) He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨中踱来踱去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。 3) Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。 4) Long, long ago… 很久很久以前… hot and hot, one by one, hand in hand, word for word 滚烫滚烫， 一个接一个， 手拉手， 字对字
张伟红
6. This is some place! 真是个好地方！ 7. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 8. Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 9. He was wrinkled and black, with scant hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发稀疏。 10. Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
张伟红
二、汉英增词技巧
1.增补代词 Eg. 1)接到你的来信，非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter.（人称代词） 2)请原谅，打扰一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you.（人称代词） 3)她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.（物主代词） 4)已经六点了。 It’s already six o’clock.（it表示时间） 5)对于英语学习者来说，掌握方法非常重要。 It’s important for the English-learners to master some learning skills.（it作形式主语）
（二）加强语气，表示强调
eg. 1)Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。 2) He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨中踱来踱去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。 3) Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。 4) Long, long ago… 很久很久以前… hot and hot, one by one, hand in hand, word for word 滚烫滚烫， 一个接一个， 手拉手， 字对字
张伟红
6. This is some place! 真是个好地方！ 7. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 8. Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 9. He was wrinkled and black, with scant hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发稀疏。 10. Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
张伟红
二、汉英增词技巧
1.增补代词 Eg. 1)接到你的来信，非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter.（人称代词） 2)请原谅，打扰一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you.（人称代词） 3)她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.（物主代词） 4)已经六点了。 It’s already six o’clock.（it表示时间） 5)对于英语学习者来说，掌握方法非常重要。 It’s important for the English-learners to master some learning skills.（it作形式主语）
重复法Repetition
3.为使译文生动而重复 1)单字的重复 在英语句子中，有些动词在翻译成汉语时，出于从 现代汉语规范和表达习惯等角度的考虑，为使译文 生动活泼，原文的动词要采用“AA”“A-A”“A了A”等 形式的重复方法。 ①Please wait a minute.请等一等。 ②Try and do it again. 再试着做做看。 ③He stamped off, growling as he went. 他跺了跺脚，满腹牢骚地走开了。
4.运用两个四字词组 作为汉语一大特点的四字词组，意义比较精炼， 读起来朗朗上口，有节奏感；如果运用得当，可是 文字生动活泼，增强修辞效果。在符合忠实、通顺 的标准前提下，在译文中可酌情运用两个同义或近 义的四字词组。 ①But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 ②He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. 在危急情况下，他从容不迫，镇定自若。
3.运用四字对偶词组 汉语中许多四字对偶词组是我们所熟知的，这种词组中前后两 对词组形成对偶，往往具有相同或类似的含义。英译汉时对此 类词组的恰当使用，同样也可以达到生动活泼的效果。 例如：ingratitude（忘恩负义）；prosperity（繁荣昌盛）； great contribution（丰功伟绩）；gratitude（感恩戴德）； eternal glory to(永垂不朽)；vivid（生动活泼）；arrogance （骄傲自大）；careless（粗心大意）；in chaos(乌烟瘴气)； rumors(流言蜚语)；street gossip（街谈巷议）；grotesque （奇形怪状）等。 1)Do not fancy any longer. To you, he is absolutely a man of loyalty. 别再胡思乱想了，他对你绝对是一心一意。 2)The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair. 在他看来，这次审判绝对是公平合理的。 3)The stamp collector is said to have a unique stamp. 据说那位集邮者有一张独一无二的邮票。
英语翻译技巧重复法
Under the condition of not violating the principles, be tolerant to others, help as long as you can, don't push them out, leave a way for them, and know how to appreciate others from the heart, although this is oftendifficult.（页眉可删）英语翻译技巧重复法重复法是英语翻译技巧中的一种。
下面来为大家详细的讲解一下英语翻译技巧之重复法。
英语翻译技巧之重复法重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是前面__中刚刚出现过的词。
1) 为了明确重复名词(1) I had experienced oxygen and/or enginetrouble.(2) Water can be decomposed by energy, acurrent of electricity.译文：(1)我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。
(2)水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。
重复动词(1) They wanted to determine if he compliedwith the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American.(2) He supplied his works not only withbiographies, but with portraits of their supposed authors.译文：(1)他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
(2)他不仅在他的作品上提供作者传记，而且还提供假想作者的画像。
重复代词(1) Big powers have their strategies whilesmall countries also have their own lines.(2) He hated failure; he had conquered itall his life, risen above it, despised it in others.译文：(1)强国有强国的策略，小国有小国的路线。
英译汉第8讲翻译技巧之重复法连淑能英译汉教程
are enjoyed by the masses who uphold China’s socialist
construction.
我非常钦佩你们决心增强中国经济，并且决心保证使从事社
会主义建设的人民群众能够享受经济发展的成果。
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grammatical repetition
重复修饰语
7
grammatical repetition
重复几个宾语所共有的介词
Despite his versatility of talent and shiftiness of purpose, this man has in his whole lifetime been wedded to the most fossilized routine.
在适当的条件下，我们能把热能、机械能、以及其他形 式的能转化成电能。
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grammatical repetition
重复几个宾语所共有的动词或几个动词所共 有的宾语
We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
We have come here to express our gratitude
形容词重叠，表示程度的加重、加深、加强、 减轻或喜爱、厌恶等情绪
AA: 高高、厚厚、小小、长长、细细 A一/了A: 走一走、摇一摇、笑了笑、看了看 AABB: 干干净净、花花绿绿、歪歪斜斜 ABAB: 笔直笔直、通红通红、雪白雪白、崭新崭
新
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rhetorical reduplication and repetition
翻译重复法
练习：
I identify myself as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United Nations.
我自认为是一个批评联合国的爱护者和爱护 联合国的批评者。
但是，有时由于汉语的搭配习惯，翻译 “多枝共干”结构中的重复并不一定都 采用完全相同的词（语）。
(2).The purpose of radar is to obtain,process and display information. 雷达的用途在于获取信息、处理信息、显示信息。
重复共同修饰的名词
She has already published a number of political and technical treatises. 她已发表了数篇政治论文和科技论文。
代指
The silks of China are better than those of any other countries.
中国的绸缎比任何其他国家的绸缎都物美价廉。
练习：
Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French. 英译汉不如英译法容易。
重复共同的定语
It requires such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure. 这需要能耐高温高压的材料。
It requires such materials as can bear high temperature and (such materials as can bear) pressure.
翻译技巧-重复法
• 哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。
英语中强调关系代词或关系副词 whoever, whenever, wherever等等， 翻译时往往使用重复法处理。（p79）
重复代词（4）
• Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
为了明确重复
译文
一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日 本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处 于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即 尽其全力给予军事及其他援助。
分析：原文涉及三方（one of the contracting parties; Japan;
the other contracting party)， 如果用“它”，那到底指的是哪方呢？
第八讲: 翻译技巧——重复法
教学步骤
学生陈述 作业讲评 翻译技巧——重复法 作业布置
作业讲评
• 1. The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
• 一路上非常顺利，风是顺风，天是晴朗的好天气。 • (adj. → n.) • 2. The increasing number of students poses
many new problems for the universities. • 学生人数的增加给大学带来了许多新问题。 • (ving → n.)
作业讲评
• 3. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 译文：曲水抱山山抱水。 闲人观伶伶观人。
英语中强调关系代词或关系副词 whoever, whenever, wherever等等， 翻译时往往使用重复法处理。（p79）
重复代词（4）
• Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
为了明确重复
译文
一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日 本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处 于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即 尽其全力给予军事及其他援助。
分析：原文涉及三方（one of the contracting parties; Japan;
the other contracting party)， 如果用“它”，那到底指的是哪方呢？
第八讲: 翻译技巧——重复法
教学步骤
学生陈述 作业讲评 翻译技巧——重复法 作业布置
作业讲评
• 1. The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
• 一路上非常顺利，风是顺风，天是晴朗的好天气。 • (adj. → n.) • 2. The increasing number of students poses
many new problems for the universities. • 学生人数的增加给大学带来了许多新问题。 • (ving → n.)
作业讲评
• 3. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 译文：曲水抱山山抱水。 闲人观伶伶观人。
翻译 重复法
练习：
(1).Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。
(2).The foreign guest said:"China is the cradle of an ancient and modern culture that has inspired the world with ideals." 这位外宾说：“中国是古代文化和现代文化的摇篮，这种文 化以理想鼓舞着全世界。”
练习：
I identify myself as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United Nations. 我自认为是一个批评联合国的爱护者和爱护 联合国的批评者。
但是，有时由于汉语的搭配习惯，翻译 “多枝共干”结构中的重复并不一定都 采用完全相同的词（语）。
练习：
Liquids are like solidsin that they have a definite volume. 液体像固体，因为液体也有一定的体积。
When you close the switch,it completes the circuit. 合闸时，电闸就把电路接通了。
重复物主代词替代的名词
练习：
(1).They were starting from scratch, and needed men, guns and training. 当时他们从零开始，需要人员、需要枪支、需要训练。
(2).We shall overcome all the difficulties so long as we study hard and in a good way. 只要我们学习努力，而且学习得法，我们就能克服学 习中的困难。
翻译技巧8之必要重复
Translation Skills (8)RepetitionI. 英语回避重复的主要方法1.指代法：即使用代词（主要是人称代词、物主代词、指示代词以及用于非限制性定语从句的关系代词等）来回避重复。
I met John on the street yesterday. He was walking beside his sister. They were going to see a film. Mary is standing at the door, with her hand in her pocket.2. 换词法：即使用范畴词、上下义词、同义词或准同义词来回避重复。
The monkey’s extraordinary feat was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed.电视的表达法：Television receiver, television, television set, TV, TV set, boob tube, telly, goggle box, idiot box3.省略法：即删去句中相同的词语来回避重复。
I like strong tea, but I suppose weak is better for you.They are not known to retreat. They never have and never will.A: Would you like to go with me,B: Yes, I’d like to.This orange is ripe. I know from its color.英语回避重复的主要方法4.保留介词法：即保留同一个介词以回避名词、动词或形容词的重复。
英汉翻译(8)重复法(1)
• 5) They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting. • 他们非常不愿意推迟这次会议或取消 这次会议。 • 6) Odette needs and deserves admiration─it is the element that contents her. • 奥德蒂需要让人羡慕，而且也值得让 人羡慕——这正是她感到满意的一点。
• 1. When we reflected on the labors and pains, the cares, disquiet, and dangers which attended the road to greatness... • 2. And Homer! Is not he likewise human? Even Homer may sometimes nod. To err is human. • 3. It is part of the general theory of democracy that all human beings are equal in the sense that they all have some basic rights and that all should be treated alike. • 4. Stephen came out of the hot mill into the damp wind and cold wet streets, haggard and worn. • 5. I was struck by their cordiality. • 6. Most were absorbed into the Russian empire through colonial expansion under the Tsars. • 7. There lied one of the chief difficulties. • 8. Don't take it seriously. I'm just making fun of you. • 9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. • 10) Birds fluttered and cheeped among the budding fruit trees, Insects buzzed and tickled.
第八讲 重复法
他曾经送给我一本书。这本书我一直保存至今。
Eg.
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.
昨天下午，我遇到了一位老朋友。这位老朋 友告诉我说他下个星期要出国去。
有时候，在英语中连动词后面的介词也省略 了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。 They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是 否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
2. “They had to stand there in that heat, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in and never saying anything. “他们在那大热天里站着，一言不发，眼巴巴看我进 去出来，出来进去。
To be vivid
He
hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失 败，并且藐视别人的失败。
Hale Waihona Puke （二）英语中用物主代词its, his, their等等以代 替句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时， 翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的 名词（有时附有修饰语），以达到明确具体 的目的。
Eg.
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.
昨天下午，我遇到了一位老朋友。这位老朋 友告诉我说他下个星期要出国去。
有时候，在英语中连动词后面的介词也省略 了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。 They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是 否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
2. “They had to stand there in that heat, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in and never saying anything. “他们在那大热天里站着，一言不发，眼巴巴看我进 去出来，出来进去。
To be vivid
He
hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失 败，并且藐视别人的失败。
Hale Waihona Puke （二）英语中用物主代词its, his, their等等以代 替句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时， 翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的 名词（有时附有修饰语），以达到明确具体 的目的。
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张伟红
4)Read books. They will give you knowledge and power. 读书吧。书能给你知识和力量。（重复人称代词） 5)Medium waves have their uses and short waves have theirs. 中波有中波的用途，短波有短波的用途。（重复物主代词） 6)This is Michelangelo’s masterwork, the Last Judgement, which took him 7 years to complete. 这就是米开朗基罗的杰作《最后的审判》，这幅作品他花了7年 时间才完成。（重复关系代词） 7)This is the capital of the USA, Washington D.C., where he was born. 这就是美国的首都华盛顿。（华盛顿是）他出生的地方。 (重复 关系副词）
张伟红
1.I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 我倒无所谓，随你的便吧。 2. Are you tired? Not very. 你累了吗？不太累。 3. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 他们谈到通货膨胀，失业，环境污染等问题。 4. Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 学生应该向老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。 5. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 观看完篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。
张伟红
4.增补介词
Eg. 1)咱们学校门口见吧。 Let’s meet at the school gate. 2)该地区已没什么城乡差别。 There is little difference between town and country in this region. 3)这些苹果，你们四个人分。 Divide these apples among the four of you.
张伟红
5.增补注释性词语
Eg.1)班门弄斧 Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 2)北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。 North of the mountain lived an old man called Yugong (literally ―foolish old man‖) ,who was nearly ninety years old. 3)京伦饭店位于首都市中心，通体洁白，像一方无暇的美玉， 镶嵌在十里长街上。 Hotel Bejing-Toronto, located in the downtown area of China’s capital, Beijing, decorated in white, resembles a piece of pure jade embedded in the ten-mile long Chang’an Avenue.
增词法练习 1. I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 2. Are you tired? Not very. 3. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 4. Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 5. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 6. This is some place! 7. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 8. Day after day he came to his work – sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 9. He was wrinkled and black, with scant hair. 10. Flowers bloom all over the yard.
张伟红
二、汉英增词技巧
1.增补代词 Eg. 1)接到你的来信，非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter.（人称代词） 2)请原谅，打扰一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you.（人称代词） 3)她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.（物主代词） 4)已经六点了。 It’s already six o’clock.（it表示时间） 5)对于英语学习者来说，掌握方法非常重要。 It’s important for the English-learners to master some learning skills.（it作形式主语）
张伟红
（三）为了使译文更加生动
Eg.1) But there has been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 2) If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。 3) He was handsome, graceful, quiet, gentle and cultivated. 他仪表堂堂，风度翩翩，温文尔雅，矜持寡言。 4)She held out her hands shaking——‖Don’t you remember me?‖ 她颤巍巍伸出手来，说道：“你不记得我了？”张伟红（二）加强语气，表示强调
eg. 1)Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。 2) He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨中踱来踱去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。 3) Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。 4) Long, long ago… 很久很久以前… hot and hot, one by one, hand in hand, word for word 滚烫滚烫， 一个接一个， 手拉手， 字对字
张伟红
3.增补连词
Eg. 1)姐姐在等我，我得走了。 My sister is waiting for me, so I have to go. 2)天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。 As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 3)大家都应该知道他出国的事了吧？ I suppose all of you have been told (the fact) that he has gone abroad. 4)这就是我经常跟你提到的那位老师。 This is the teacher who I always mention to you.
张伟红
英语强势词的译法
Eg. 1)You may take whatever away for all I care. 你可以拿走任何东西，我不在乎。 你想拿什么什么就拿什么，我才不管哩。 2) Don’t worry about the money. Just repay me whenever you have. 别担心那些钱。你任何时候有钱了再还我就行。 别把那点钱挂在心上。你什么时候有什么时候还我 好了。
张伟红
第八讲 重复法 (repetition)
2009-10-26
张伟红
一、重复增词法 （一）使译文意思更加明确 （二）加强语气，表示强调 （三）为了使译文更加生动 二、汉英增词技巧
张伟红
一、重复增词法
(一)使译文意思更加明确 1.重复名词 Eg.1) In most cases, the interests of a person and of a nation coincide. 在多数情况下，个人利益和国家利益是一致的。（重复主语） 2) We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。（重复宾语） 3) This is a good chance for exchanging experience as well as for learning from each other. 这是一个交流经验的好机会，也是一个互相学习的好机会。 （重复表语）
张伟红
2.重复动词
Eg. 1)You’ve read more books than I have. 你读的书比我（读的）多。 2)It is on this basis that we reexamine the world, our region and ourselves. 我们正是在这个基础上重新审视世界，重新审视我们的地区， 重新审视我们自己。 3.重复“谓语动词+的+谓语动词”结构 Eg.1)A group of young men are planting trees on the hill. Some are digging, some are watering. 一群年轻人在山上植树，挖坑的挖坑，浇水的浇水。
4)Read books. They will give you knowledge and power. 读书吧。书能给你知识和力量。（重复人称代词） 5)Medium waves have their uses and short waves have theirs. 中波有中波的用途，短波有短波的用途。（重复物主代词） 6)This is Michelangelo’s masterwork, the Last Judgement, which took him 7 years to complete. 这就是米开朗基罗的杰作《最后的审判》，这幅作品他花了7年 时间才完成。（重复关系代词） 7)This is the capital of the USA, Washington D.C., where he was born. 这就是美国的首都华盛顿。（华盛顿是）他出生的地方。 (重复 关系副词）
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1.I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 我倒无所谓，随你的便吧。 2. Are you tired? Not very. 你累了吗？不太累。 3. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 他们谈到通货膨胀，失业，环境污染等问题。 4. Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 学生应该向老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。 5. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 观看完篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。
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4.增补介词
Eg. 1)咱们学校门口见吧。 Let’s meet at the school gate. 2)该地区已没什么城乡差别。 There is little difference between town and country in this region. 3)这些苹果，你们四个人分。 Divide these apples among the four of you.
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5.增补注释性词语
Eg.1)班门弄斧 Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 2)北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。 North of the mountain lived an old man called Yugong (literally ―foolish old man‖) ,who was nearly ninety years old. 3)京伦饭店位于首都市中心，通体洁白，像一方无暇的美玉， 镶嵌在十里长街上。 Hotel Bejing-Toronto, located in the downtown area of China’s capital, Beijing, decorated in white, resembles a piece of pure jade embedded in the ten-mile long Chang’an Avenue.
增词法练习 1. I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 2. Are you tired? Not very. 3. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 4. Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 5. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 6. This is some place! 7. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 8. Day after day he came to his work – sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 9. He was wrinkled and black, with scant hair. 10. Flowers bloom all over the yard.
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二、汉英增词技巧
1.增补代词 Eg. 1)接到你的来信，非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter.（人称代词） 2)请原谅，打扰一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you.（人称代词） 3)她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.（物主代词） 4)已经六点了。 It’s already six o’clock.（it表示时间） 5)对于英语学习者来说，掌握方法非常重要。 It’s important for the English-learners to master some learning skills.（it作形式主语）
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（三）为了使译文更加生动
Eg.1) But there has been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 2) If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。 3) He was handsome, graceful, quiet, gentle and cultivated. 他仪表堂堂，风度翩翩，温文尔雅，矜持寡言。 4)She held out her hands shaking——‖Don’t you remember me?‖ 她颤巍巍伸出手来，说道：“你不记得我了？”张伟红（二）加强语气，表示强调
eg. 1)Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。 2) He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨中踱来踱去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。 3) Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。 4) Long, long ago… 很久很久以前… hot and hot, one by one, hand in hand, word for word 滚烫滚烫， 一个接一个， 手拉手， 字对字
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3.增补连词
Eg. 1)姐姐在等我，我得走了。 My sister is waiting for me, so I have to go. 2)天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。 As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 3)大家都应该知道他出国的事了吧？ I suppose all of you have been told (the fact) that he has gone abroad. 4)这就是我经常跟你提到的那位老师。 This is the teacher who I always mention to you.
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英语强势词的译法
Eg. 1)You may take whatever away for all I care. 你可以拿走任何东西，我不在乎。 你想拿什么什么就拿什么，我才不管哩。 2) Don’t worry about the money. Just repay me whenever you have. 别担心那些钱。你任何时候有钱了再还我就行。 别把那点钱挂在心上。你什么时候有什么时候还我 好了。
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第八讲 重复法 (repetition)
2009-10-26
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一、重复增词法 （一）使译文意思更加明确 （二）加强语气，表示强调 （三）为了使译文更加生动 二、汉英增词技巧
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一、重复增词法
(一)使译文意思更加明确 1.重复名词 Eg.1) In most cases, the interests of a person and of a nation coincide. 在多数情况下，个人利益和国家利益是一致的。（重复主语） 2) We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。（重复宾语） 3) This is a good chance for exchanging experience as well as for learning from each other. 这是一个交流经验的好机会，也是一个互相学习的好机会。 （重复表语）
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2.重复动词
Eg. 1)You’ve read more books than I have. 你读的书比我（读的）多。 2)It is on this basis that we reexamine the world, our region and ourselves. 我们正是在这个基础上重新审视世界，重新审视我们的地区， 重新审视我们自己。 3.重复“谓语动词+的+谓语动词”结构 Eg.1)A group of young men are planting trees on the hill. Some are digging, some are watering. 一群年轻人在山上植树，挖坑的挖坑，浇水的浇水。