太奇2013年模考英语试卷A1

绝密★启用前2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷【A1】考生须知1．选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。

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姓名：听课证号：太奇2013年管理类专业学位全国联考英语（二）测试A1Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The idea that the world’s glaciers and ice caps move ever-so-slowly is so securely ingrained in our thinking that we have given it to metaphorical status. To say that something moves at “a glacial pace” is a way of saying that it __1__ moves at all. This is the way many people feel about our global climate as a whole----something that is moving along at an almost __2__ rate of change, possibly __3__ some nominal threat to somebody else in some distant future.For climate scientists, __4__, among people actually doing work in the field, a lot of the argument and the thinking about the __5__ of change is going in the opposite __6__ ---global climate is changing faster, bigger, and sooner __7__ later. The biggest changes have come in __8__ that have been seen as some of slowest movers in the climate system: the melting glaciers and the __9__ rise in global sea levels. As recently as 2007, the __10__ thinking by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change __11__ sea level rise as little as seven inches this century. Now all bets are __12__.In Greenland, scientists are gathering __13__ which show the ocean is warming more quickly than __14__, eroding the base of big outlet glaciers, __15__ their flows to the sea.Where this all leads __16__ uncertain, of course, but the data from the field is not __17__ to the idea of complacency. It is fair to say that our understanding of these changes is far from __18__, and it is a fair bet that more climate surprises are __19__. To borrow another glacial __20__, it may be the tip of the iceberg.1.[A] actually [B] surely [C] never [D] hardly2. [A] conceivable [B] imperceptible [C] considerable [D] noticeable3. [A] posing [B] generating [C] contributing [D] displaying4. [A] furthermore [B] therefore [C] however [D]moreover5. [A] pace [B] rate [C] extent [D] effect6. [A] aspect [B] solution [C] imagination [D] direction7. [A] instead of [B] rather than [C] let alone [D] or rather8. [A] points [B] conclusions [C] features [D] characters9. [A] according [B]corresponding [C] increasing [D] resulting10. [A] fundamental [B] ceremonial [C] conventional [D] variational11. [A] projected [B] assumed [C] devised [D] designated12. [A] out [B] in [C] off [D] on英语试卷第1页（共11页）13. [A] consideration [B] measurement [C] illustration [D] testimonies14. [A] surveyed [B] arranged [C] proved [D] expected15. [A] putting up [B] slowing down [C] speeding up [D] cutting down16. [A] remains [B] contains [C] confirms [D] maintains17. [A] relating [B] encouraging [C] isolating [D] comforting18. [A] extinct [B] sensitive [C] reasonable [D] complete19. [A] by the way [B] under the way [C] on the way [D] in the way20. [A] image [B] metaphor [C] proverb [D] analogySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A B C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Passage OneModern society depends on people acting honestly towards each other. We all rely on those around us not to pick our pockets, read our mails or pretend to need our help getting gold out of a Kenyan bank. Meanwhile, most people consider themselves ethical. So acting dishonestly ought to come with some sinking feeling of having violated social and personal codes.A series of experiments carried out by Nicole Ruedy of the University of Washington’s Foster School of Business, Celia Moore at London Business School, Francesca Gino at Havard Business School and Maurice Schweitzer at Wharton set out to test whether bad behaviour is actually followed by bad feelings. Given an experimental setup that made it both easy and worthwhile to cheat, the participants predicted that, if they cheated, they would feel worse afterwards. Then the experimenters asked them to solve word puzzles, with a bonus for each word unscrambled, and check their own work. Two-fifths of participants cheated—and afterwards, the cheaters reported feeling significantly more cheerful than did their honest counterparts.A subsequent experiment added a new variable: a note at the end reminding the test-takers that cheating was possible and asking how reliable they judged their own results. This did not dampen the cheaters’ spirits any. Quite the opposite: those who received the warning actually reported less negative emotion later. The authors dub this afterglow the “cheater’s high”.Not all bad behaviour results in a cheater’s high. Previous experiments have suggested that participants who have to choose to do harm to another person get no joy out of it, at least in the lab setting. By comparison, cheating on a word problem, with no apparent victim, produces a relatively cheap thrill. And this, the authors suggest, may help explain the prevalence of similarly small crimes such as shoplifting or tax fraud—by people who would otherwise call themselves honest.英语试卷第2页（共11页）21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that honest acts ______.[A] comply with social norms [B] depend on people’s feeling[C] originate from ethical groups [D] are observed in modern times22. Prior to the experiment, it was expected that most non-cheaters ______.[A] could be hurt much by cheatings[B] would feel positive about themselves[C] should be satisfied with the experiment[D] might be involved with dishonest acts23. According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] cheating can be easily triggered by word puzzles[B] two-fifths of the cheaters reported better results[C] “cheaters’ high ” is not reduced by pre-warning[D] bad feelings may not occur with acting honestly24. As mentioned in the last paragraph, “cheater’s high” depends on ______.[A] unharmful behaviors [B] selfish satisfactionfeelingshonestcrimes [D]insignificant[C]25. A suitable title for this text could be ____[A] Belief: Honesty is the Best Policy![B] Common: Good Deeds are Often Rewarded![C] Puzzle: Dishonesty Plays An Upper Hand![D] Surprise: Bad Guys Meet No Bad Ends!Passage TwoOf all the methods of communication invented by humanity over the centuries, none has disseminated so much information so widely at such high speeds as the internet. It is both a unifying force and a globalising one. But, as this report has argued, its very presence makes it a localising one too, because it is clearly not the same everywhere, either in what it provides or how it is operated and regulated.The smartphone has liberated its user from the PC on his desk, granting him access on the go not just to remote computers and long-lost friends on the other side of the world but also to the places around him. If he lives in a city, as most users do, then his fellow city-dwellers and the buildings, cars and streets around them are throwing off almost unimaginable quantities of valuable data from which he will benefit. And although communications across continents have become cheap and easy, physical proximity to others remains important in creating new ideas and products—especially for companies offering online services. You cannot have a coffee together online.This simultaneously more localised and more globalised world will be more complicated than the world of old. Different rules will continue to apply to different countries’ bits of cyberspace. Gartner’s Mr. Prentice thinks that three basic forces will shape the mobile internet,英语试卷第3页（共11页）the transport of data across it and the content available on it: politicians’ demand for control; people’s desire for freedom; and companies’ pursuit of profit. It is possible to imagine scenarios in which one of these forces comes out on top; for instance, a “Big Brother” state that keeps a close eye on the internet and determines who can do what on it. But it is more likely, says Mr. Prentice, that different combinations of the three forces will prevail in different places.What seems certain is that life online will become more local without becoming any less global. With a smartphone in your hand you can find out more, if you want to, about what is going on immediately around you. The next bus goes in five minutes. The coffee shop across the street, where you haven’t been for a few weeks, is offering you a free cappuccino. Those cushions you looked at online are available in the department store around the corner. Mr Hudson-Smith of UCL speculates that the smartphone could even help revive the high street if people knew that they could take home today what Amazon could not deliver until tomorrow.None of this will reduce the scope or the appetite for catching up with friends, news and stories from far away. “The truth is that three things will go on at once,” says Danny Miller, an anthropologist at UCL. There will continue to be “unprecedented opportunities for homogenisation and globalisation”, but there are also “possibilities for great localisation”—including services such as Foursquare. Lastly, there will be a new localism, thanks to an internet full of local differences that are not confined to particular places.26. In the beginning we may learn that Internet ____.[A] makes globalization a fact[B] is unevenly developed globally[C] creates huge information[D] is not operated worldwide27. Which of the following shows the importance of smartphone?[A] online service can be obtained in the cities[B] long vanished friends can be located[C] continents no longer exist for companies[D] users may be inspired by places nearby28. The example of "big brother" is mentioned to prove that _____.[A] politics can be a dominating force[B] internet is likely to be monitored[C] freedom can be a distinctive feature[D] old world without internet was simpler29 In paragraph 4, cappuccino and cushions are meant to ______.[A] reveal one weakness of Amazon delivery[B] showcase the global effect of smartphone[C] demonstrate online life in neighborhood[D] corner stores are still popular with the locals英语试卷第4页（共11页）30. The text immediately following this passage will be focused on ______.[A] why companies need to make profit through the net[B] reasons for linking the globe via the internet[C] how the digital information affects our feelings[D] an example to show the local information onlinePassage ThreeOnce upon a time the overstressed executive bellowing orders into a telephone, cancelling meetings, staying late at the office and dying of a heart attack was a stereotype of modernity. That was before the Whitehall studies, a series of investigations of British civil servants begun in the 1960s. These studies found that the truth is precisely the opposite. Those at the top of the pecking order actually have the least stressful and most healthy lives.Such results have since been confirmed many times, both in human societies and in other primate species with strong social hierarchies. But whereas the pattern is well-understood, the biological mechanisms underlying it are not. A study just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, however, sheds some light on the matter.In it, a group of researchers led by Jenny Tung and Yoav Gilad at the University of Chicago looked at the effects of status on rhesus macaques. Experience has shown that these monkeys display the simian equivalent of the Whitehall studies' findings. The high risk of disease among those at the bottom of the heap in both cases suggests that biochemical responses to low status affect a creature's immune system. Those responses must, in turn, depend on changes in the way the creatures' genes are expressed. To investigate this phenomenon means manipulating social hierarchies, but that would be hard if it were done to human beings. You can, however, do it to monkeys, and the researchers did.Epigenetics—currently one of molecular biology's hottest topics—is a process by which genes are activated or deactivated by the presence or absence of chemical structures called methyl and acetyl groups. Dr Tung and Dr Gilad found that methylation patterns were systematically different in high- and low-ranking animals. Crucially, these changes are generally passed on to the daughter cells produced when a cell divides, and are thus perpetuated throughout an animal's life. To the extent that epigenetic marking is involved in creating social status, then, status may be being maintained by the animal's cells as they replicate.Those who believe in progress will, however, be pleased to know that epigenetics is not necessarily destiny. Methyl groups may help maintain the status quo, but if that status quo is interrupted by outside events they can be wiped away and a new lot put in place. Dr Tung and Dr Gilad discovered this because a few of their monkeys did change status within their groups. When that happened, changes in gene expression appropriate to the new status quickly followed. Those who do break free from their lowly station, then, may begin to reap the health benefits almost immediately.英语试卷第5页（共11页）31. Executives were once reminder of ______.stronghealth[D]high[A] modern type [B] mildtemper [C]pressure32. "Shed light on"(para 2) is closest in meaning to _____.[A] mystify the point [B] make more conspicuous[C] conceal a secret [D] give certain hint33. The researchers have discovered among the monkeys that ______.[A] the lower the social status, the more likely to fall ill[B] it was difficult to experiment by using human subjects[C] their immune system can be changed as humans do[D] low social rank may lead to biochemical responses34. It is inferred in Para.4 that social status is _____[A] activated by different genes [B] hard to maintain for long[C] absent in high social ranks [D] likely to be inherited35. According to the passage, it can be concluded that ______.[A] gene may spur the change of a fixed status[B] social status is open to further transformation[C] destiny is well written in the gene structures[D] social events exerts little effect upon new statusPassage FourOverlaying the current worsening economic outlook is the lingering threat of protectionism, which could drive trade volumes even lower next year. It is always tempting for politicians to throw up new trade barriers when jobs and wages are at risk, even if such a response, though individually appealing, is collectively futile.Few fear a return to the correctional tariffs of the Depression, but Richard Baldwin, policy director of the Centre for Economic Policy Research, a research network, notes that during the Asian crisis in the late 1990s, some of the afflicted countries raised tariffs and rich countries responded with higher anti-dumping fees. It could be worse this time, he believes, because the crisis is more widespread. India, Russia and Vietnam have raised tariffs already this year. Trade lawsuit has also picked up. Mr. Baldwin says the number of anti-dumping cases jumped by 40% in the first half of 2008.Tariff increases may be the protectionist’s barrier of choice, despite limits agreed by members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). This is because in the past decade many countries have unilaterally cut tariffs to well below those limits. They have plenty of room to raise them without breaking any rules.If all countries were to raise tariffs to the maximum allowed, the average global rate of duty would be doubled, according to Antoine Bouet and David Laborde of the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington D.C.. The effect could shrink global trade by 7.7%.英语试卷第6页（共11页）There are other, more subtle, means of protection available. Marc Busch, a professor of trade policy at Georgetown University in Washington D.C., worries that health and safety standards and technical barriers to trade, such as licensing and certification requirements, will be used aggressively to shield domestic industries as the global downturn drags on. Subsidy and currency levers can also be pulled to distort trade. A government bail-out of the Detroit carmakers would favour those firms over their competitors.Faced with such threats, there would appear to be an even greater need to complete the Doha round of trade talks. This would help to reduce the gap between actual and maximum tariffs. However, the talks, which have already dragged on since 2001, stalled again in July, and a ministerial meeting penciled in for mid-December was postponed. Since that tremor in 1982, world trade has benefited from more than two decades of increasing openness. Tariffs on goods have fallen from a worldwide average of 26% in 1986 to 8.8% in 2007. Trade has grown spectacularly—more than twice as fast, on average, as world output. It has also become more inclusive: developing countries have nearly doubled their share of world exports since 2000, to 37% in 2007. A rise in protectionism could turn the clock back a long way.36. What has most probably been written about in the preceding text?[A] Origin of trade barriers [B] Definition of protectionism[C] Reaction of political figures [D] Picture of economic situation37. According to Mr. Baldwin, tariffs are often lifted due to ______.[A] More anti-dumping policies [B] Increased trade lawsuits[C] Serious economic drawbacks [D] Employment rate at great risk38. Besides trade tariffs, protection may take the following forms except _____.[A] Opening domestic market to outsiders[B] Getting home industries out of trouble[C] Setting up higher standard for licensing[D] Offering financial aid to win market share39. In the last paragraph, "turn the clock" probably means _____.[A] Trade talks at Doha are soon to be resumed.[B] World trade would stop prospering as before[C] A wave of trade tariffs would re-appear worldwide[D] Developed countries could take a narrow escape40. The passage seems to be mainly concerned with ______.[A] Economic crisis gone by[B] Re-emergence of protectionism[C] Evolution of trade tariffs[D] Problems caused by tariffs英语试卷第7页（共11页）Part BDirections: There are seven headings listed below. You are asked to choose the best heading for each paragraph marked by numbers from 41 to 45. Write your answer on Answer Sheet I. (10%)[A] keep reporting[B] ways to improve telecommuting[C] visibility really matters[D] hardship with working Mom[E] definition of telecommuting[F] a trend[G] out of sight, out of mindTelecommuters fall into two camps. Some slouch on the sofa watching daytime soaps, pausing occasionally to check their BlackBerrys. Most, however, do real work, undistracted by meetings and gasbag colleagues.41 _______In the future more people will work from home. With office space in London and New York so costly, many firms save money by encouraging staff to work in their pyjamas. Instead of having to bury their noses in strangers’ armpits on crowded trains, they can work via e-mail, Skype and virtual private networks.42 ______Yet Daniel Cable of the London Business School finds that companies still reward presenteeism. In research published in MIT Sloan Management Review he shows that telecommuters are less likely to be promoted. In one experiment subjects were asked to judge scenarios in which the only difference was whether the employee was at his office desk or at home. Managers rated those at the office to be more dependable and industrious, regardless of the quality of their work.43 _______Visibility creates the illusion of value. Being the last to leave the office impresses bosses, even if you are actually larking around on Facebook. Oddly, this holds true at firms that explicitly encourage staff to work from home. Mr. Cable studied attitudes at Californian tech firms. Many asked employees not to come to the office too often, yet bosses unconsciously penalized those who obeyed.44 _______Remote workers understand this. Many barrage their bosses with progress reports to prove they are on the job. A fifth of the workers in the study admitted to leaving a canny e-mail or voicemail early or late in the day. Still, many are not as smart as they think. Some choose a Monday or Friday to work at home. That, says Mr. Cable, makes others think they are keen to extend the weekend.英语试卷第8页（共11页）45 _______A culture of presenteeism hurts working mothers most. Many women (and some men) work from home to allow themselves the flexibility to pick up kids from school. That need not mean they produce less; only that they do it at a time and a place of their own choosing. Some firms, such as Best Buy, an electronics retailer, recognize this and try hard to evaluate staff solely on performance. But this is not easy. Intangibles such as teamworking skills matter, too. Mr. Cable thinks homeworking will lose its stigma only when most people do it. Or perhaps when the boss—like the editor of this article—is telecommuting, too.Section III Translation46. Directions:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the following passageinto Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points) You can get rid of the stress by adapting to your work place in a better way. Moreover, reduction in workload and encouragement from colleagues and bosses could be of great help. Do not try to take more work than you can manage. Learn to say no, if you do not think you will be able to take on an additional responsibility.Learning proper time management will also help you ward off stress. Divide your time and set your priorities. Don't think of work once you are home and vice versa. At home too, you can try seeking your partner's support and encouragement. This will help you stay motivated and pay equal attention to your home.In the nutshell, the key to kill work stress lies in striking a balance between your office and your home. Ask your family for support and the whole ordeal of fighting with stress is sure to become easier.Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you have found a loop of keys in the library the other day. Write a notice to1）make it known, and2）ask for claim at your dorm.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “ZHANG WEI” insteadDo not write the address. (10 points)Part BWrite an essay based on the following graph. In your writing you should1) describe the table, and2) give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)英语试卷第9页（共11页）英语试卷 第10页 （共11页）ChinaUSA Germany Japan Quantity48 million 21 million 1.66 million 4.69 million Percentage inTotal Economy99.8% 99% 99.3% 99.7% GDPcontribution60% 40% 33% 57.7% EmploymentContribution 75% 60% 60% 70.2%Private-owned Enterprises in Different Countries。