2018专四语言知识必考语法知识

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专四常考语法点

专四常考语法点
英语专业四级考试常考的语法点包括：
1.虚拟语气：虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要部分，包括条件句、
虚拟语气的使用等。

2.时态和语态：英语中的时态和语态是非常重要的，包括现在时态、
过去时态、将来时态等。

3.非谓语动词：非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，是英语语
法中的一个难点。

4.从句：从句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句等，是英语语
法中的一个重要部分。

5.倒装句：倒装句是英语语法中的一种特殊句型，包括完全倒装和
部分倒装等。

6.主谓一致：主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上
保持一致。

7.比较级和最高级：比较级和最高级是英语语法中的一个重要部分，
包括形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。

这些语法点是英语专业四级考试中经常出现的，考生需要熟练掌握这些语法知识，才能在考试中取得好成绩。

(完整版)2018.4.21大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案详细解析

2018.4.21 大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案详细解析11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cario ______ ancient Egypt pyramid.A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have been believed to be ’ s first attempt to-sidebuild a smooth解析： C. is believed to have been. 位于 Cariof 附近的弯曲金字塔被认为是古埃及第一次尝试建造的一个表面光滑的金字塔。

背景相关知识，弯曲金字塔，是公元前2600 年由第一位法老萨夫罗修建的，位于距离 Cario 西南 27 公里处的地区，它是仅存的表面平滑金字塔之一，塔身弯曲。

考点分析， sb/sth be believed to do/to be doing/tohave done用法 , sb/sth be believed todo(将来时态，代表某人某物被认为将要做某事），Lucy is believed to go to London. Lucy 被认为将要去伦敦。

（没去）；sb/sth be believed to be doing(现在时态，某人或某事物正在做某事) ，Lucy is believed to going to London. Lucy 被认为正在去伦敦的路上。

（在去的路上）；sb/sth be believed to have done(过去时态，代表某人某事物被认为应该做过某事)，Lucy isbelieved to have gone to London. Lucy 被认为去过伦敦。

（已经去了）。

拓展句型，The refugees from Syria are believed to have committed various crimes in Germany sinceJune 2015. 人们相信叙利亚来的难民自 2015 年 6 月份以来已经在德国犯下了各种罪行。

专四英语情态动词语法考点

专四英语情态动词语法考点2018年专四英语情态动词语法考点知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年专四英语情态动词语法考点，希望能给大家带来帮助!考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式(2)某些情态动词的特殊用法1. must have v-edmust have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。

其否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。

例如：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.2. could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了3. may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。

4.ought to / should have v-ed 和ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作5.needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的'必要，意为“本没必要…”。

例如：You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.注意：did not need to do 动作并没发生例：I didn’t need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.*特殊用法(1) can‘t表示“不可能”，may not 表示“不可以”，mustn’t(must not) 表示“不许可禁止”，needn't (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not +动词原形表示“不敢”(2) must表推测的否定现在式用can’t ,过去式用couldn’t(3)May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如：“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”(4) need I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn’t(5)在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to(6)May/might as well may……but….(表转折)(7) I wish to go home with you, may I?(8) Do help yourself to have fruit, won’t you/ will you? (表示一种委婉的请求)*情态动词短语的使用would like to do…would rather do…would rather + 从句would prefer to do...had better do...*情态动词: will(愿意), shall(将), must(必须), can, may, would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to(过去常常), need(需要), dare(竟敢)，have to(不得不)*dare, need 也可作一般(行为)动词*情态动词一般用法的否定：mustn’t 不准, 禁止，不要can’t(couldn’t) 不会;不能;may (might) not 不可以;needn’t 没必要( = don’t have to )used not/usedn’t to或didn’t use to… 过去不…dare not 不敢*情态动词推测用法Must 一定，肯定can’t (couldn’t) 不可能Can/ could 可能Can’t (couldn’t) 不可能may/ might “可能，也许” May (might) not 也许不，可能不*推断用法should/ought to“按理应当，应该是; shouldn’t 不应该( = ought not to )*情态动词+have +done结构表示对过去动作的推测1. must have done：对过去的肯定推测，译作“一定做了…”，只能用于肯定句中。

英语专业四级语言知识题及答案解析

英语专业四级语言知识题及答案解析做学问的功夫，是细嚼慢咽的功夫。

好比吃饭一样，要嚼得烂，方好消化，才会对人体有益。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年英语专业四级语言知识题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white been ?B. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as white ?D. Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rain ?B. Having no rainC. There having been no rain?D. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been done ?B. they had been doneC. having been done ?D. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happening ?B. they are happeningC. which they happen ?D. they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazed?C. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____she was twenty?five.A. her first real success did not come untilB. her real first success came until notC. since her first real success did not come untilD. not until her first real success7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____graba bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as well ?C. might as wellD. as well9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.A. breakingB. having been broken ?C. breakD. be breaking11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ____in transit.A. misusedB. mishandledC. mistakenD. mislaid12.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.A. ConcerningB. As to ?C. In terms ofD. In the light of13. A well?written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off14. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.A. in her honorB. on her honorC. a point of honorD. an honor15. This house will probably come on the ____next month.A. fairB. marketC. shopD. store16. George was introduced to ____activities at a young age,when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.A. illegalB. lawfulC. faithfulD. peaceful17. An institution that properly carries the name university isa more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.A. settlementB. establishmentC. costructionD. structure18. People’s status in society is frequently ____by how much they own.A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD. questioned19. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.A. adverseB. anonymousC. indifferentD. casual20. There is an increasing ____to make movies describing violence.A. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. trend答案与解析1. D) 【句意】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。

专四语法汇总

专四常考语法点汇总：一．虚拟语气1．虚拟条件句1) 倒装结构：条件句有were, had, should时，可使用倒装结构。

e.g. Were it necessary, I would resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would have come over.Should you meet her, you should not be able to recognize her.2) 错综时间条件句e.g. If I my umbrella with me this morning, I wet now. DA. had taken … would not have beenB. took… should not beC. were to take … would not beD. had taken … should not be3) 无条件的虚拟句：but for, with, without, or, but, otherwise, in case of, what if, etc.2．I wish…/If only句式：与现在事实相反，用were或动词的一般过去式；与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could/should/might+动词原形。

3．as if引导的从句（注意区别事实与假设）Some black clouds are floating in the sky. It looks as if . BA.it might rain B it is going to rain C it would be rainy D it was to rain4．在suggest, order, demand, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、态度等词（包括动词和名词）引导的名词从句中用should+动词原形，should可省。

2018年专业英语四级语法题详解

2018年专业英语四级语法题详解11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ______ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build asmooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be选[C]。

译文：有人认为开罗外面的Bent金字塔是古埃及第一次尝试修建的边角光滑的金字塔。

解释：“开罗外面的Bent金字塔”意指，是否是“第一次”，是现在研究的结果，没有表过去的标记或上文，不选B；也不是过去研究对现在产生的结果或延续到现在，不选A；金字塔已经修成，在人们的看法之前，不选D。

相似例句：He is said to have been invited.They are said to have taught chimpanzees to use human language.The four men are widely believed to have been killed by their captors.12. U.S. News _____ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popularresource for students looking to apply to a university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining选[D].译文：《美国新闻和世界报道》自1983年以来，一直稳居众多大学阅读的排行榜上。

它们是在校大学生获取信息的很受欢迎的渠道。

解释：“1983年以来”，多用完成体（have +ved）,到现在还有影响，还可能会持续下去，要用进行体（Be+ving）,两相结合为: Have +been+Ving.13. He was lured into a crime he would not _____ have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom选[C].译文：他被引诱，结果犯了他本来不会犯的罪。

学习必备专四语法总结

专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。

(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。

(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。

如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。

如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。

专四英语语法词汇题及答案

专四英语语法词汇题及答案2018年专四英语语法词汇题及答案专四语法词汇题即专四语言知识题，题目中约50%是词汇、词组和短语用法题，其余为语法和句法题。

样题中有5道题是找同义词，题目中约50%为词汇、词组和短语用法题，其余为语法结构题。

该项目检验考生运用词汇、短语、语法结构以及基本语法概念的.能力。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年专四英语语法词汇题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. it is easy to take a watch ________, but difficult to put it back together.a. apartb. awayc. downd. off2. we greatly _____ your timely help, without which we could not have accomplished the task in time.a. thankb. owec. appreciated. admire3. the cause of the fire that broke out in the plant last night _____ the worker's neglect of duty.a. persists inb. consists inc. lies ind. results in4. to obtain a satisfactory result, you must apply two ______ of paint on a clean surface.a. levelsb. coatsc. timesd. courses5. her father ________ her for being too free with the soldiers.a. scoldedb. accusedc. chargedd. complained6. in order to buy a house, she had to obtain a _____ from the bank.a. fundb. financec. loand. debt7. he doesn't work but he gets a good ____ from his investments.a. wageb. incomec. earningd. salary8. water being _______ on the mountains, we have built manyreservoirs.a. hardb. difficultc. rared. scarce9. she was an _______writer because she persuaded a lot of people to see the truth of her ideas.a. influentialb. accuratec. versatiled. productive10. because i don't take any sugar in my tea, i ____ to forget to offer it to other people.a. getb. likec. tendd. used11. she had to ____ her dress because she had lost weight.a. changeb. modifyc. alterd. shrink12. we are _______ our holiday pictures on to a screen so that lots of people can see them at the same time.a. reflectingb. castingc. throwingd. projecting13. she _____ over the choice between the two dresses, which she considered equally gooda. hesitatedb. waveredc. reservedd. wandered14. the firm is looking for a new _______ for another branch office.a. spotb. pointc. scened. site15. he ________ the day when he could see his home again.a. looked forwardb. longed forc. counted ond. figured out16. have you made up your mind yet____ where you are going to spend your holiday?a. so thatb. such asc. as tod. in case17. he said he was leaving the country ________.a. for onceb. alwaysc. ever sinced. for good18. this television set is an improvement _____ earlier models.a. withb. byc. ond. for19. all particulars should be carefully checked. nothing should be _______.a. taken for grantedb. left alonec. put up withd. put out of mind20. england, scotland and wales _____ the island of great britain.a. consistb. composec. maked. combine答案：1.a2.c3.c4.b5.a6.c7.b8.a9.a 10.c11.c12.d13.a14.d15.b16.c17.d18.c19.a 20.b。

2018年大学英语四级语法精要

大学英语四级语法精要Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)1. 时态1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I’d been working f or some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three yea rs.4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.2. 语态1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,underst and等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.b) 宾补结构的被动语态:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.3. 短语动词1) Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.2) Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.3) Vi + prep (有被动语态)She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.4) Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.5) Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)I am trying to give up smoking.7) Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.4. 省略1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects. While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.b) If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.2）在以than a) 或as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略. a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before. Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.3）错误的省略His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.5. 一致1) 如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.2) 代词作主语时的一致a) each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you?b) some, few, both, many 等作复数c) some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:None of the books are easy enough for usNone of us seem to have thought of it.None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词(all of the…, most of the …), 动词用单数.3) 由and 或both…and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致.Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to changeher mind.如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致.There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.4) people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作复数.Cattle are grazing on the pasture.The police are looking for him.有些集体名词有时作单数看待, 有时作复数看待, 主要根据意思来决定.His family isn’t very large.His family are all music lovers.The committee meets twice a month.The committee are divided in opinion.The audience was enormous.The audience were greatly moved at the words.有些名词单复数同形, 可根据意思决定谓语动词的数:This new series is beginning next month.These new series are beginning next month.This species is now extinct.These species are now extinct.5) 表示时间, 重量, 长度, 价值等的名词, 尽管仍是复数形式, 如果作整体看待, 动词也可用单数形式(当然用复数动词也是可以的): Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.One hundred li was covered in a single night.6) 其他问题a) 书名, 国家名用单数:Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.b) 学科名, 如mathematics, economics用单数.c) many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式:Many a person has had that kind of experience.More than one person has involved in the case.a number of 后接复数, the number of后接单数:A number of books have been published on the subject.The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.d) one of those 后用单数. 在“one of + 复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式，一是根据先行词采用复数形式：Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.当one 之前友the only 等限定词和修饰语时，关系分句谓语动词根据one 而定，即采用单数形式：He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.Ⅱ非谓语动词1. 不定式1) 形式主动形式被动形式一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doinga) 完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式.I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).(比较: I am glad to see you.)He is said to have written a new book about workers.He pretended not to have seen me.b) 进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式.You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet.We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.He pretended to be listening attentively.c) 完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式.The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.We are happy to have been working with you.d) 被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.She hated to be flattered.He wanted the letter to be typed at once.This is bound to be found out.There are a lot of things to be done.She was too young to be assigned such work.2) 功用: 不定式可以作主语(a), 宾语(b), 表语(c), 定语(d) 或是状语(e).a. To scold her would not be just.b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.d. Do you have anything to declare?e. We have come to learn from you.3) 不带to 的不定式:a) 在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意义的have, make, let等, 其后的不定式结构不带to.John made her tell him everything.这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带to 的不定式一般还原为带to 的不定式.She was made to tell him everything.b) 在had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带to.I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.They cannot but accept his term.c) 在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.I’ve heard tell of him.d) 在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to 的不定式.Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?e) 在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to.There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.Smith will do anything but work on a farm.There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.f) 连词rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带to. Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带to, 有时不带to.He decided to write rather than telephone.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.g) 用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句”，“thing +关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.All you do now is complete the formThe only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.4) 不定式的其他用法a) too…to 结构通常表示否定意义:She was too young to understand all that.enough…to结构则表示肯定意义:She was not old enough to understand all that.not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:He’s only too pleased to help her.so…as (to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语:Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.b) 如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的, 可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.在以某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时, 不定式前可加一个of引起的短语, 来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:It’s kind of you to think so much of us.(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.2. V+ing形式(现在分词及动名词)1) 形式a) 完成式: 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生, 通常用动名词的完成形式.He didn’t mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.在某些动词后(或成语中), 常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式, 尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.Excuse me for coming late.I don’t remember ever seeing him an ywhere.现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中, 表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.另外, 独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.b) 被动式: 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时, 动名词一般要用被动形式.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等动词后, 尽管表示的是被动的意思, 却用动名词的主动形式.My pen needs filling.The point deserves mentioning.This problem requires studying with great care.在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.Her method is worth trying.现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语, 宾语补足语, 状语及用于独立结构中.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers.c) 完成被动式: 如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生, 有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式, 而用一般被动形式代替, 以免句子显得累赘.现在分词的完成被动式一般用来作状语或用于独立结构中.Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.2) 句法功用a) 作主语:Walking is good exercise.It’s nice talking to you.There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity.b) 作宾语:Your shoes need polishing.You mustn’t delay sending the tractors over.He avoided giving us a definite answer.c) 作介词宾语: 动名词作介词宾语用的时候最多. 它常可以用在某些成语后面, 常见的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect…of, accuse…of, charge…with, hear of, approve of, prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, refrain from, be engaged in, look forward to, opposed to, depen d on, thank…for, feel like, excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…in, get (be) use d to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel (be) ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for.d) 作表语:The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语. 一般说来, 在表示抽象的一般的行为时多用动名词; 在表示具体某词动作, 特别是将来的动作时, 多用不定式.e) 作宾语补足语: 分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, keep, get, have等动词后作宾语补足语.The words immediately set us all laughing.Once we caught him dozing off in class.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等动词后, 及可用现在分词, 也可用不定式构成宾语补足语. 用现在分词时, 表示动作正在发生, 用不定式时表示动作发生了.Do you hear someone knocking at the door?Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.f) 作状语: 现在分词作状语时, 通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作, 来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬.I ran out of the house shouting.I got home, feeling very tired.Driving to Chicago that night, I was struck by a sudden thought.现在分词短语有时可以用作状语表示原因, 相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语, 相当于when引起的从句: Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.如果两个动作是完全同时发生的, 多用when 或while加分词这种结构.Be careful when crossing the street.When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.3) 前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构: 一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构), 来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.Do you mind my reading your paper?They insisted on my staying there for supper.如果不是在句子开头, 这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格), 这比用所有格更自然一些.I don’t mind him going.She hates people losing their temper.4) 只能用动名词作宾语的动词: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss5) 既可用动名词, 也可用不定式作宾语的动词: love, like, hate,dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.有时两种结构之间意义差别不大, 有时却有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等词后差别是比较明显的.I remember seeing her once somewhere.I must remember to take my notebooks with me.I regret not having accepted your advice.I regret to say I haven’t given you enough help.She doesn’t want (need) to come.The house wants (needs) cleaning.We must try to get everything done in time.Let’s try doing the work some other way.6) 悬垂修饰: 分词作状语时, 表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态. Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的动作, 正确)Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (错误)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正确)Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (错误)3. 分词1) 意义: 过去分词通常来自及物动词, 带有被动意义和完成意义; 而现在分词有的来自及物动词, 有的来自不及物动词, 通常带有主动意义和未完成意义.frozen food a freezing winda bored traveller a boring journeya lost cause a losing battlea conquered army a conquering armya finished article the last finishing touchthe spoken word a speaking birda closed shop the closing houra recorded talk a recording machine来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语, 能作这样用的仅限于下面几个词, 仅表示完成意义, 不表示被动意义.the risen sun, fallen leaves, faded/withered flowers, returned students, retired workers, departed friends, escaped prisoners, the vanished jewels, newly-arrived visitors用作后置修饰语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分, 在意义上相当于关系分句.Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.2) 句法作用a) 作定语: distinguished guest 贵宾, unknown heroes 无名英雄, armed forces武装部队, canned food罐头食品, boiled water开水, steamed bread馒头, stricken area灾区分词还可构成合成词作定语: simply-furnished room陈设简单的房间, clear-cut answer明确的答复, highly-developed industry高度发展的工业, heartfelt thanks衷心的感谢, hand-made goods手工制品, man-made satellite人造卫星b) 作补足语: 可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:see, hear, feel, find, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词.I saw the students assembled in the hall.We found her greatly changed.make, get, have, keep等表示”致使”意义的动词:I have my hair cut every ten days.She got her bad tooth pulled out.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.like, want, wish, order等表示希望, 要求, 命令等意义的动词:I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.He won’t like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting.c) 过去分词短语常用作状语, 修饰谓语, 很多都说明动作发生的背景或情况.Guided by these principles, they went on with the work,Delighted with her work, they made her the general manager.过去分词短语也可作状语表示原因, 相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.有时也可说明动作发生的时间, 相当于一个表示时间的状语从句. This method, tried in areas near Shanghai, resulted in a marked rise in total production.间或也可表示一个假设的情况, 相当于一个条件从句.Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong.偶尔也可用来代替一个“让步”状语从句.Picked 20 years a year, it grows tired only after 40 or 50 years.d) 独立结构: 在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一.致. 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为独立结构, 一般表示一种伴随的动作或情况.He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.有时可以表示时间:Late that autumn, his work finished, he prepared to return to his institute.表示原因:Her eyes dimmed with tears, she did not see him enter.条件:All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.Ⅲ虚拟语气1. that从居中:1) wish, would rather (sooner), had better:I wish I were as strong as you.I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.I wish I remembered the address.I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).I had rather (that) you told him than I did.2) suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句:The commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.She urged that he write and accept the post.3) it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句中.It was arranged that they leave the following weekIt will be better that we meet some other time.4) suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表语从句和同位语从句:His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjusted.2. 在某些句型中1) it is time thatIt is time that we went (或should go) to bed.It is high time we (should) put an end to this controversy.2) as if (though) 引起的从句:They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.It seems as if it was (were) spring today.He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert.3) 以lest, for fear that 和in case 引起的从句(这时谓语多用should +动词原形):He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold. I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should need it.4) 以whatever, whoever, no matter what这类代词或词组引起的从句(这时, 谓语多用may加动词原形构成):Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.Come what may, we will go ahead. 不管发生什么情况, 我们都要干下去.I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, he’s still a good politician.我承认他年老体衰, 然而尽管如此, 它仍是优秀的政治家.3. 条件句1) 虚拟条件句主要有下面两类:a) 表示现在及将来情况(表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况): 谓语主要形式如下(be多用were这个形式):从句主句过去式would + 动词原形If I were you, I wouldn’t lose heart.How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.b) 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句(与事实完全相反的假设情况), 谓语主要形式如下:从句主句had + 过去分词would have + 过去分词She would have come if we had invited her.If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake,You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.2) 有时候, 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作, 发生的时间是不一致的(如一个是过去发生的, 一个是现在发生的). 这时, 动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整. 这种句子可以称为错综时间条件句. If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.3) 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示, 而是通过一个介词短语来表示.Without music, the world would be a dull place.We could have done better under more favorable conditions.That would have been considered miraculous in the past.But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.4) 如果条件句从句中包含有were, had, should 或could, 有时可把if 省略掉, 并把were, had, should或could放在主语前面.Had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.Should there be a flood, what should we do?Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Ⅳ介词1. 合成介词和复杂介词1) 合成介词: inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without2) 复杂介词: according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, prior to等2. 介词在句末:This is what he is interested in.Does everyone has a seat to sit on?3. 名词加介词( n + prep)1) 某些名词之后要求用某些介词: solution to, faith in, glance at, need for2) 某些名词之前要求用某些介词: on one’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to my delight4. 动词加介词1) Vi + prep: prevail on, appeal to, fall into, apply for, touch upon2) Vt + O + prep: lay emphasis on, take advantage of等3) Vi + adv + prep:I don’t wish to break in on your thoughts.The family came up against fresh problems.You’re not telling me the whole story. You’re holding out on me.She got off with him soon after she began to work at the institution.4) Vt + O + adv +prep:You shouldn’t take your resentment out on me.We shouldn’t put the shortage down to bad planning.5. 形容词加介词about --- anxious, careful, careless, certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure, timid, unhappy, etcat --- awkward, bad, clever, disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless, weak, etcfor --- convenient, eligible, grateful, homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etcfrom --- evident, exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etcin --- deficient, expert, liberal, quick, rich, successful, weak, etcof --- apprehensive, characteristic, critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent, jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy, etcon --- dependent, keen, intent, etcto --- acceptable, accessible, agreeable, alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential, favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable, related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etcwith --- awkward, bored, careful, disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etcⅤ连词1. 并列连词1) 表示意义的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor2) 表示选择: or, either…or3) 表示转折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可认为是副词)4) 表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence2. 从属连词1) 表示时间: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once2) 表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that3) 表示条件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),4) 表示其他关系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…thatⅥ定语从句1. 限制和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained. The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的:Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.2. 定语从句的引导词1) that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who, 有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格whom 或that, 但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.There are some people here who I want you to meet.但在介词后只能用whom:This is the man to whom I referred.但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?Have you met the person (that) he was speaking aboutThe girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.2) 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which.. 当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything 等词时):Have you everything you need?(Is there) anything I can do for you?All you have to do is to press the button.在介词后只能用which, 在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的时候更多一些:The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.。

2018英语专四真题词汇语法部分超详细高质量真题解析

PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A B C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outsi de Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to beTo have done【解析】本题考查非谓语动词中不定式的用法，属于专四语法高频考点，考点拓展：不定式的完成时to have done表示三种意思，第一，跟在表示情感类的词后，比如sorry happy blessed。

第二，跟在表示观点的谓语动词，比如is said/ thought/believed to have done 第三，跟在表示推断类的谓语动词之后seem/appear等。

本题意思：据说开罗外的金字塔是古代埃及人的一次尝试，尝试建立一个smooth-sided金字塔。

is believed to have been 为什么是is believed 这里表示现在人们也是这么认为，所以is believed 用的是现在时态，to have been 表示“尝试”这个动作发生的时态在被认为之前，当然是古老的埃及人们做了这个尝试之后，才有后来的人们的“据说”。

专四常考语法点汇总.doc

语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句 = 主句 +从句（ 1 个或 1 个以上）要点1 从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。

其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。

一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had tostay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008,60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009 ，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask meto work overtime withoutpay.（2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ thathe paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if 9Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of causeA. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was onanswer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：If 如果unless 如果不；除非as long as 只要so long as 只要on condition that条件是in the event that 如果，在的情况下provided/providing that 假如given that 如果suppose/supposing that 假如assuming (that ) 假如say 假如★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：though/although 虽然even if/even though 即使no matter + 疑问词无论疑问词 +ever 无论in spite of the fact that 尽管while 尽管much as 不管尽管for all that 尽管as/though granted/granting (that ) 虽然，尽管★特别提醒1.几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties,he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了 although 或 though ，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but ，但是though 可以和 yet 连用。

英语专四必考语法知识点总结.doc

英语专四必考语法知识点总结如今,TEM4日益受到人们的关注与重视,其重要性不言而喻,本论文主要以近几年英语专业四级试题为例,针对词汇和语法两个方面,结合理论和实践对试卷命题进行分析,从而为教师教学及学生答题总结一些有效的方法。

英语专四必考知识点总结集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词? 集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。

如：?Dome ...集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词?集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。

如：?Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.?2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词?有些集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。

例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.?3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词?集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。

?The city council is meeting to set its agenda.?4) a committee, etc. of +复数名词?如果主语是由a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词构成，随后的动词通常用单数。

例如：?A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.?近义词辨析tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn-out这组词均含有疲惫的的意思。

专四语言知识题复习要点

专四语言知识题复习要点2018专四语言知识题复习要点该题在总分中虽占分不多，但作为测试英语水平之基础，它对于TEM4中所有题项影响之大是众所周知的，因为任何一门外语的学习均始于词汇和语法，且对于词汇数量及其深度的掌握程度在一定意义上反应一个人的英语水平。

这部分包括20道单选选择题，考察了词类和语法，做这一道题一定要把握好时间，分析历年真题综观这近几年考题，可发现：1 •语法考题的涉及面宽，近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类;三种动词的非谓语形式;各种从句及尖系词的用法;动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法;独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。

2.语法考试的重点突出，语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现，如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。

大体概括3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况1）虚拟语气的考点为：wouldrather+that从句+—般过去时：Itisvital/necessary/important/urgent/imperative/desirable/a dvisable/natural/essen ti al+that+动词原形；11 i s time/about t ime/hi ght ime+that +-般过去时：proposal/sugges ti on+tha t+动词原形；les t+that+should+动词原形；ifonly+that +wou 1 d+动词原形。

2)状语从句的考点为：非辻引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用gttimes, provided, solongas, incase, once 等来替代if；由even 辻/so, nowthat, forall等引导的让步状语从句；just/hardly・・・when引导的•时间状语从句；morethan, 8S.・・3. S, notsomuchas, thesameas, asmuchas 等引导的比饺状语从句。

2018.4.21大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案详细解析

（没去）；sb/sth be believed to be doing(现在时态，某人或某事物正在做某事) ，Lucy is believed to going to London. Lucy 被认为正在去伦敦的路上。

（在去的路上）；sb/sth be believed to have done(过去时态，代表某人某事物被认为应该做过某事)，Lucy isbelieved to have gone to London. Lucy 被认为去过伦敦。

（已经去了）。

英语专四考试语法词汇题及答案2018

英语专四考试语法词汇题及答案2018古今中外有学问的人，有成就的人，总是十分注意积累的。

知识就是机积累起来的，也是积累起来的。

我们对什么事情都不应该像“过眼云烟”。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专四语法词汇题及答案2018，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生!1. many old customs are gradually dying _______.a. offb. outc. awayd. down2. there isn't any more coal; it has all been ________.a. used upb. run outc. diminishedd. reduced3. i spent $500 for this multimedia computer. it was really ________.a. a great dealb. a great bargainc. a best sellerd. a dear thing4. she ____ she didn't know me when i passed her in the street.a. believedb. pleadedc. excusedd. pretended5. bill's father told him to ____ that his allowance had to last all week.a. bear in mindb. make up his mindc. bring to mindd. turn over in his mind6. on hearing the bad news, tom sprang up ________.a. for a startb. from the startc. at the startd. with a start7. ____ a lack of interest, the public meeting has been cancelled.a. according tob. owing toc. subject tod. thanks to8. of all the four grandchildren, bill is their _______ one.a. favoriteb. most favoritec. favorabled. preferable9. it was ann's eighteenth birthday last sunday. her parents bought her an expensive watch and her boyfriend ______ her witha bunch of flowers.a. gaveb. sentc. broughtd. presented10. uncle sam stands ____ the united states.a. byb. forc. up ford. up to答案：1.b2.a3.b4.d5.a6.d7.b8.a9.d 10.b。

专四语言知识必考语法知识

专四语言知识必考语法知识2018专四语言知识必考语法知识2018专四语言知识题题型为词汇语法选择题，店铺整理了2018专四语言知识必考语法知识，供考生们参考复习。

2018专四语言知识必考语法知识之虚拟语气常考“坚决要命”型、would rather型、high time型的虚拟语气和虚拟语气的倒装形式。

“坚决要命”型指句子的主句中带有表达“坚持、决定或决心、要求、命令”等意义的词语，从句使用should 型的虚拟语气。

例如：It is essential that he examine all the facts first. (2014)Had it not been for your advice, I would have made the wrong decision. (2016)It's getting late. I'd rather you left now. (2011)值得注意的是，近几年出现新的趋势：在考查语言结构的基础上，加入了对句子所表达的语气、程度和深层语义的检测。

比如2016年的第20小题：The sentence "I wish I had been more careful in spending money." expresses the speaker's _____.A. hopeB. joyC. regretD. relief2018专四语言知识必考语法知识之主谓一致多年来侧重考察集合名词(如cattle，police，family，audience )、学科(如politics，physics, statistics)、时间、金钱、距离作为整体表示总量(如20 miles，5 dollars，30 minutes)、either...or，neither...nor的就近原则等几个方面的主谓一致。

近年的考题加强了综合性，看是一个小题，却能考察一个语法现象的几个小点。

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2018 专四语言知识必考语法知识
2018 专四语言知识题题型为词汇语法选择题，小编整理了2018 专
四语言知识必考语法知识，供考生们参考复习。

2018 专四语言知识必考语法知识之虚拟语气
常考坚决要命型、would rather 型、high time 型的虚拟语气和虚
拟语气的倒装形式。

坚决要命型指句子的主句中带有表达坚持、决定或
决心、要求、命令等意义的词语，从句使用should 型的虚拟语气。

例如：
It is essential that he examine all the facts first. (2014)
Had it not been for your advice, I would have made the wrong decision. (2016)
It's getting late. I'd rather you left now. (2011)
值得注意的是，近几年出现新的趋势：在考查语言结构的基础
上，加入了对句子所表达的语气、程度和深层语义的检测。

比如2016
年的第20 小题：
The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money. expresses the speaker's _____.
A. hope
B. joy
C. regret
D. relief
2018 专四语言知识必考语法知识之主谓一致
多年来侧重考察集合名词(如cattle，police，family，audience )、
学科(如politics，physics, statistics)、时间、金钱、距离作为整体表示总
量(如20 miles，5 dollars，30 minutes)、either...or，neither...nor 的就近
原则等几个方面的主谓一致。

近年的考题加强了综合性，看是一个小
题，却能考察一个语法现象的几个小点。