chapter 3 翻译策略
Chapter3习语和四字格的翻译
五.借用英语中的同义习语
英语里有一些习语和汉语的一些习语采用相同或相似的形象或比喻，表达相同或相似的喻意，可以借用英语同义习语来翻译。
What is most detestable is that all my colleagues in the bank call me a blind old fool behind my back because I have engaged anuneducatedthirdrater as my assistant.
(1)粗枝大叶
粗枝大叶为联合结构，字面意义是，枝子很粗，叶子很大，很不精细。通常当马虎大意和粗心大意使用。
thick branches and broad leaves;
(in doing things,) do not take due care;
careless or carelessly
(2)闻所未闻
闻所未闻为动宾结构，字面意义是听到了从未听到过的，通常用于指事理或论述的新鲜、奇特。
hearing what has never been heard before;
rarely or seldom heard of
(3)盛气凌人
盛气凌人为主谓结构，字面意义是骄横傲慢以气势压人，通常与不可一世、咄咄逼人等词语同义
（6）她好久不来信了，一家子盼了星星盼月亮。
For many months no letter came from her, till her whole familyworried over her day and night.
Chapter Three
Alexander Tytler (1790)
Three laws of translation: That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same charater with that of the original. That have all the ease of the original composition.
IV The School of Translation Studies
Time: after the 1970s This school is centred round the Dutch speaking area and the low land countries. Representatives: James Holmes Israeli Scholars: Gideon Toury; Even-Zohar Hermans(1985) Andre Lefevere Susan Bassnett
George Steiner
After Babel:Aspects of language and Translation The hermeneutic motion(阐释的运作): Trust（信赖） Aggression（侵入） Incorporation（吸收） Restitution（补偿）
Eugene A. Nida
in the U.S. developed a theory of translation which included concepts from transformational grammar— “formal vs. dynamic equivalence”
商务英语翻译第3章 翻译策略
第一节文化背景BrainstormingTranslate the following into Chinese1.I haven’t seen you for donkey’s year.我很久没有见到你了。
2.Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。
3.Seeing is believing.耳听为虚，眼见为实。
4.I wonder if he is a Trojan horse.我不知道他是不是个危险人物。
5.It’s case of January and May.这是老牛吃嫩草。
/ 他们是老夫娶少妻。
Part V Practical trainingTranslate the following English sentences into Chinese1. China benefits a lot from her past 20 year’s open door policy.中国从过去20年的门户开放政策中得到了许多实惠。
2. The return of Hong Kong to China turned over a new leaf in China’s history.香港回归在中国发展史上翻开了崭新的一页。
3. Jack was warned that his job was on the line because of his lack of concentration for his duties.杰克因为干活精力不集中而受到警告，他的工作处在危险的边缘。
4. The president said, “Great minds think alike. So I totally agree with your idea.”主席说：“真是英雄所见略同啊。
我完全同意你的观点。
”5. The news that the firm was closing down came as a bolt from the blue to the staff. 商行要倒闭的消息对该行职员来说犹如晴天霹雳。
Lesson 3 Chapter 3科技英语翻译
An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero. 静止的物体没有动能，因为它的速度为零。 on a large scale 大规模地 a majority of 大多数的 a wealth of 大量的 as a result 结果，因此
I 名词的翻译
1 直译
In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents. 一个不同寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫 描器监视居住人员的进出。 A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened. 当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消 除火花。
2)音意合译
Magnus moment Einstein equation Doppler effect Curie plot Bessel function radar chain force pump 玛格努斯力矩 爱因斯坦方程 多普勒效应 居里曲线 贝塞尔函数 雷达防线 压力泵
EST- Abbreviations
1 Acronyms
laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation "通过受激发射光扩大"。 radar radio detecting and ranging “无线电探测与定位” sonar sound navigation and ranging “声音导航与测距”，是一种利用声波在水下的传播 特性，通过电声转换和信息处理，完成水下探测和通 讯任务的电子设备。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter Three- Idiom Translation
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Three
Translate another group of sentences to check your progress.
1.They offered me a good job at that company but I hear that the boss is as hard as nails: one little mistake and you're out on the street the next day looking for a new job。 [译文]:他们向我提供那家公司的一个很好的职位，但是我听说他们的老板是个 很难相处的人：只要你犯一个小错，他马上把你一脚踢出公司大门，让你另谋 生路。
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Listen to Doctor Translator
Chapter Three
1. The crafty enemy was ready to launch an attack while holding out the olive branch.
[译文]：那个年轻人对警察说他与这宗盗窃案无关，但警察看了他的汽车行李箱， 将其人赃并获。
[点评]：“caught red-handed ”原指手上沾满鲜血的杀人犯被逮个现行。在例句 中
译为“人赃并获”，也指犯有任何罪行者当场被捉。
4. Better get a hair cut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put a best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job.
英语翻译chapter 3
• Jordan is reported to be the celebrity with whom most American children feel most comfortable, and American adults once placed him fifth on a list of all-time "most respected newsmakers".
• His athleticism and fierce competitiveness frightened his opponents, but his graciousness made him an American and international icon. He is most famous as the face of Nike, the athletics shoe and clothing company whose products he has endorsed for the past decade.
• Jordan quickly became a multi-millionaire, thanks to lucrative product endorsement deals such as his Nike promotion. As his fortune grew he put money back into the community, creating a foundation to fund athletics facilities and other projects for children form the inner city of Chicago, his adopted home.
新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 3 翻译方法教材
• 2. 如果异化译法不能完全达意，或者不能完全通畅，则可 考虑汉语的行文习惯，做出一定的归化处理。 • For example: • To those visitors who come from countries where social relationships develop more slowly during a longer period of time, the American way may seem very frightening, too personal, and rude. • 【译文】在一些国家里，居民的社会关系是要长期慢慢地 培养的，游客习惯了这种情形，一旦到了美国，可能觉得 美国人的方式可怕，过分强调个人，没有礼貌。”
• 3) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. • 4) All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books. • 5) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.
科技英语翻译-第3章
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
名词的翻译 一、直译 所谓直译，就是把原文中名词或名词短语本身的含义翻 译出来。如： A power reactor has no need of air, for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of unclear fission, not of combustion. 动力反应堆不需要空气，因为在铀堆中产生的热室核裂 变而不是燃烧的结果。 Differentiation can also be expressed in terms of biochemical activities. 分化也可以用生化活动来表达。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
名词的翻译 三、增译 名词的增译多数是为了使译文更符合汉语的表达方式与习惯。如： Breeding of hummingbirds takes? place in May and June. 蜂鸟生育繁殖的时间是每年的五月和六月。 译文在breeding后增译了“时间”;在in May and June前增译了 “每年”，使整个句子读起来更加通顺，意思表达更准确完整。 A drilled hole can be made accurate and smooth by a? reamer. 钻好的孔可用铰刀加工，使其尺寸精确，表面光滑。 该句在形容词accyrate and smooth前分别增译了名词“尺寸”和 “表面”，译文的意思表达的更明确一些。
Chapter Three Translation of Nouns & Articles
英译汉教程3_翻译中措辞的选择
Choice of collocative meaning
Some words have the same basic meaning, but differ in collocation. (搭配) eg. mother tongue (acceptable) mother language (unacceptable) a man of sense (acceptable) a man of meaning (unacceptable)
Assignments
Comparison of translated sentences. (P77) Comparison of translated texts. (P85) Translate the sentences. (P84)
Choice of exact meaning
To weigh the meaning before choosing a suitable word for translation （斟酌、权衡词 义） Do not lap up a word or an expression without digesting it （勿囫囵吞枣） Do not extend the meaning beyond its limits （勿引申过度） Do not rigidly adhere to letter or form（勿拘 泥字面
燥乏味。
Translate the following sentences.
1. On display was merchandise attractive in quality and price. 2. They captured fifty enemy soldiers and many weapons. 3. In order to get a large amount of waterpower, we need a large pressure and a large current.
换言之 翻译教程 第三章 笔记
Chapter 3 Equivalence above word level3.1. CollocationWhen we discussed lexical meaning in Chapter 2, we made a brief reference to collocation under presupposed meaning and defined it as:①Semantically arbitrary restriction which do not follow logically from the propositional meaning of a word②To think of collocation in terms of the tendency of certain words to co-occur regularly ina given languageThe patterns of collocation are largely arbitrary and independent of meaning.Differences in collocational patterning among languages are not just a question of using, say,a different verb with a given noun; they can involve totally different ways of portraying an event.3.1.1.Collocational range and collocational markednessRange here refers to the set of collocates, which are typically associated with the word in question.Two main factors can influence the collocational range of an item: (1) its level of specificity;(2) the number of senses it has.It is the collocational patterning of a word that determines its different senses. Either way, it is clear that there is a strong relationship between the number of senses a word has and its collocational range.Collocational ranges are not fixed. Words attract new collocates all the time: they do so naturally, through processes of analogy, or because speakers create unusual collocations on purpose.A marked collocation is an unusual combination of words, one that challenges our expectations as hearers or readers.To sum up, we create new collocations all the time, either by extending an existing range or by deliberately putting together words from different or opposing ranges.3.1.2. Collocation and registerRegister-specific collocations are not simply the set of terms that go with a discipline. They extend far beyond the list of terms that one normally finds in specialized dictionaries and glossaries.3.1.3. Collocational meaningCollocational meaning depends largely on its pattern of collocation and is not something that the word possesses in isolation.3.1.4. Some collocation-related pitfalls and problems in translation3.1.4.1. The engrossing effect of source text patterningConfusing source and target patterns is a pitfall that can easily be avoided once the translator is alerted to the potential influence that the collocational patterning of the source text can have on him or her.A good method of detaching oneself from the source text is to put draft translation aside fora few hours.3.1.4.2. Misinterpreting the meaning of a source-language collocation3.1.4.3. The tension between accuracy and naturalness3.1.4.4. Culture-specific collocations3.1.4.5. Marked collocation in the source text3.2. Idioms and fixed expressions3.2.1. Idioms, fixed expressions and the direction of translation"N ative knowledge" is defined as the ability to speak and write a language so fluently that the expression of thought is structurally, grammatically and idiomatically correct.The main problem that idiomatic and fixed expressions pose in translation relates to two main areas:①The ability to recognize and interpret an idiom correctly②The difficulties involved in rendering the various aspects of meaning that an idiom or a fixed expression conveys into the target language.3.2.2. The interpretation of idioms①Some idioms are misleading; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text.②An idiom in the source language may have a very close counterpart in the target language which looks similar on the surface but has a totally or partially different meaning.3.2.3. The translation of idioms: difficultiesAn idiom or a fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language:①Express a given meaning by means of a single word②Express it by means of a transparent fixed expression③Express it by means of an idiomAn idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations or they may not be pragmatically transferable.An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. The very convention of using idioms in written discourse, the contexts in which they can be used, and their frequency of use may be different in the source and target languages.3.2.4. The translation of idioms: strategies3.2.4.1. Using an idiom of similar meaning and formIt is to use an idiom in the target language which conveys roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom and, in addition, consists of equivalent lexical items.3.2.4.2. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form3.2.4.3. T ranslation by paraphrase3.2.4.4. T ranslation by omission。
翻译常用方法,2010.11,Chapter 3,
2) For the international community, the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown rapidly to be the world’s sixth largest economy, and is set to grow further. 对国际社会来说，这些变化带来的最引人注 目的结果是中国已跃居为世界第六经济大国， 而且今后注定进一步发展。
.
❖ Free translation, also known as sense-forsense translation, emphasizes transfer of the meaning or “spirit” of a source text over accurate reproduction of the original wording. The purpose of sense-for-sense translation is to accommodate the needs of the target language reader by producing a text which conforms to the linguistic and textual norms of the target language and culture and which does not therefore sound “foreign” (Shuttleworth & Cowie 1997: 151).
.
e.g. 1) The rewards for the Chinese people are clear, most visibly in the dynamism and prosperity of Beijing and the coastal cities. 中国人民获得的实惠显而易见，北京和 沿海城市的勃勃生机和繁荣兴旺就是最 明显的见证。
chapter3 翻译过程
Homework
• All my life, it seems, folks have been telling me what I can’t do. In school, my learning disability kept me from picking up things as quickly as the other student. On the playground , I was the biggest, slowest kid . No one thought I could ever be an athlete---except for my mum and dad, who were always telling me that with prayer and persistence I could find the strength to do anything.
only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
(Which translation is better?) a. 读书只能为智慧供给心灵以知识的材料，思想才 能把我们所读的东西变成自己的东西。 b. 读书只能为头脑提供知识性资料，思考才能把所 读东西变为己有。
意译 Adam’s apple at sixes and sevens 喉结 乱七八糟 Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早 不必自寻烦恼 Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌
比较 Valuable left in full view can be invitation to theft. 把贵重物品放在显眼处等于是给小偷发请帖。 应妥善保管贵重物品，以防被盗。 Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都既有玫瑰又有荆棘。 生活总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。
新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 3 翻译方法
CHAPTER THREE
Approaches of Translation
3.1 Literal Translation vs. Liberal/Free Translation
• 例2: The first time I saw her, half of my life ago, she nearly took my breath away. • 【译文】那还是半辈子前的事，我第一次看见她，她差一 点把我的魂都勾走了。 • 【解析】若把took my breath away译成“把呼吸夺走 了”，恐怕谁也看不懂是什么意思。下一句也同样体现了 归化译法的这种特点。 • 例3：High buildings and large mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing. • [译文] 在北京，高楼大厦犹如雨后春笋般地涌现。 • 在北京，高楼大厦犹如蘑菇般地涌现。 • 因此，在进行文化传译时，既要尽量传达原作的异国情调， 又要确保译文为译语读者所接受。
课堂互动练习 ：翻译句子
• 翻译下列句子，注意斜体部分的表达。 • 1) Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted. • 2) When we make friends, we should choose those who are our supporters in danger. (Aesop)
Chapter3习语和四字格的翻译
don’t listen to your old people and you will suffer very soon;文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
taking the advice for the old generation will save you from trouble or suffering文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
She was afraid ofbeing snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came to her lips.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
（6）她好久不来信了，一家子盼了星星盼月亮。
For many months no letter came from her, till her whole familyworried over her day and night.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
三.节译
在汉语习语中，常有并列的对偶结构，用两个不同的喻体表达相同的喻意。对此类汉语习语通常可采用节译法，即省去并列重复的部分，保留它的基本喻意。文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
（9）冷淡的阳光照着他们的愁眉苦脸和长发白眼。
The cold, pale sunlight fell on theirgloomy faces, long hair and lusterless eyes.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
英语里有一些习语和汉语的一些习语采用相同或相似的形象或比喻，表达相同或相似的喻意，可以借用英语同义习语来翻译。文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
（16）如今便赶着躲了，料也躲不及，少不得要使个“金蝉脱壳”的法子……
Well, it’s too late to hide now. I must try to avoid suspicion bythrowing them off the scent…文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
Chapter3翻译的过程
Chapter 3 翻译的过程翻译的过程是正确理解原文和创造性地用另一种语言再现原文的过程，大体上可分为理解、表达和校核三个阶段。
在翻译实践中，理解是表达的前提，但理解与表达通常是互相联系、往返反复的统一过程，不能截然分开。
在理解的时候，译者已自觉或不自觉地在挑选表达手段；在表达的时候，又进一步加深了理解。
在处理句子、段落或文章时，译者往往要从英语到汉语，从汉语到英语，反复推敲，仔细研究。
1 理解阶段——基础和关键理解（comprehension）可分为广义理解和狭义理解。
广义理解指对原文作者的个人、原文产生的时代背景、作品的内容以及原文读者对该作品的反映。
狭义的理解仅指对原作文本的理解。
对原文透彻的理解是确切翻译的第一步，也是翻译全过程最重要的一步。
正确的理解有助于正确的表达，而正确的理解取决于译者能否对原文进行深入细致的语法分析grammatical analysis、语义分析semantic analysis、语体分析stylistic analysis和语篇分析text analysis。
1.1语法分析——从语法的角度去剖析原文里句子的语法结构，弄清句子所传递的意义。
1.She recalled faintly an ecstasy of pain, the heavy odor of chloroform, a stupor which had deadened sensation, and an awakening to find a little new life to which she had given being, added to the great unnumbered multitude of souls that come and go.（重复译法）她模糊地回想起当时极度的痛苦，想起了浓烈的三氯甲烷麻醉剂的气味；她记得自己失去了知觉，昏了过去，而醒来时发现自己又为来来往往的芸芸众生增添了一条小小的新生命。
chapter 3 词语的翻译
chapter 3 词语的翻译
• The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent. • 敌人杀了我们一个同志，我们宰了一个敌特。
• An aggressive country is always ready to start a war. • 一个好侵略的国家总是准备挑起战争。 • An aggressive young man can go far in this firm. • 一个富有进取心的年轻人在这家公司前途无量。
chapter 3 词语的翻译
• 路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。 • By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean and the rickshaw man
quickened his pace. (鲁迅《一件小事》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译)
脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已经是多年以来的痛苦了。
2) The flyers practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space. 飞行 人员反复地在一块有限空地上练习起飞。
3）took the brake off， took 20 percent off. 松开刹车 优惠百分之二十
她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。”（褒）
chapter 3 词语的翻译
• 任何一种语言，在长期的使用过程中，会形成一些固定的词组或常见的搭配。所以翻译时，必须 注意英汉词语的不同搭配。
• examples
chapter 3 词语的翻译
翻译常用方法,2019.11,Chapter 3,精品文档
2) For the international community, the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown rapidly to be the world’s sixth largest economy, and is set to grow further.
As for free translation, the translator is never really “free”, but is always restricted by the
source text. Actually the purpose of
any and all translation is to convey
Chapter Three
Major Translation Approaches
翻译常用方法
So when the original coincides or almost tallies with the target language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation can be used.
ray of hope His life hangs on a thread.
an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth 以眼还眼，以牙还牙
ray of hope 希望之光
His life hangs on a thread. 他的生命悬于一线。
Cast a shadow over 纸老虎 一国两制strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and sentence structures of patterns.
三十六计原文译文及英文表达
<<三十六计>> 的英文表达<<孙子兵法>>三十六计(Thirty-Six Stratagems )乃兵家之经典著作。
语源于南北朝，成书于明清，是汉民族悠久文化遗产之一。
古人学好三十六计，带兵打胜券在握。
现代人习之，在商场职场生活领域中，古为今用。
而三十六计在外国也极受欢迎……那么就一起看看三十六计的英文表达吧！【1】第一套胜战计Chapter 1:Winning Stratagems第一计瞒天过海crossing the sea under camouflage■原文备周则意怠；常见则不疑。
阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。
太阳，太阴。
翻译：认为准备万分周到，就容易松劲；平时看惯了的，就往往不再怀疑了，秘计隐藏在暴露的事物中，而不是和公开的形式相排斥。
非常公开的往往蕴藏着非常机密的。
根据阴阳相互转化的规律，阳极而阴生，阴极而阳生。
■英文注释Mask your real goals, by using the ruse of a fake goal, until the real goal is achieved. Tactically, this is known as an ‘open feint’: in front of everyone, you point west, when your goal is actually in the east.第二计围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei■原文共敌不如分敌；敌阳不如敌阴。
翻译：打击兵力集中的敌人不如打击兵力分散的敌人；正面攻击敌人不如背后偷袭敌人。
树敌不可过多，对敌要各个击破，对现在还不忙于消灭的，要隐藏我们的意图。
■英文注释When the enemy is too strong to be attacked directly, then attack something he holds dear. Know that he cannot be superior in all things. Somewhere there is a gap in the armour, a weakness that can be attacked instead. The idea here is to avoid a head-on battle with a strong enemy, and instead strike at his weakness elsewhere. This will force the strong enemy to retreat in order to support his weakness. Battling against the now tired and low-morale enemy will give a much higher chance of success.第三计借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife■原文敌已明，友未定，引友杀敌。