数控机床中英文翻译资料
数控机床英文操作面板.docx
数控机床的英文操作面板1. EMERGENCY STOP 紧急制动2. MODE SELECT 模式选择3. EDIT 编辑4. MEMORY 存储5. MDI 人工数据输入6. HANDLE 手动7. JOG 点动8. CYCLE START 循环启动9. FEED HOLD 进给锁定10 . SINGLE BLOCK 单程序段11 . DRY RUN 空运行12 . REFERENCE RETURN 零点返回13 . FEED RATE OVERRIDE 进给倍率14 . RAPID TRAVERSE OVERRIDE 快速进给倍率15 . MACHINE LOCK 机床面板16 . CONTROL PANEL 控制面板17 . POWER ON AND POWER OFF 电源开和关18 . RESET 复位19.CRT CHARACTER DISPLAY 显示数控技术常用术语中英文大全1. 计算机数值控制：Computerized Numerical Control, CNC2. 车由：(Axis)3. 机床坐标系：Machine Coordinate System4. 机床坐标原点：Machine Coordinate Origin5. 工件坐标系：Work-piece Coordinate System6. 工件坐标原点：Work-piece Coordinate Origin7. 机床零点：Machine Zero8. 参考位置：Reference Position9. 绝对尺寸( Absolute Dimension) / 绝对坐标值( IncrementalCoordinates)10. 增量尺寸( Incremental Dimension ) / 增量坐标( IncrementalDimension)11. 最小输入增量：Least Input Increment12. 命令增量：Least Command Increment13. 插补：Interpolation14. 直线插补：Line Interpolation15. 圆弧插补：Circular Interpolation16. 顺时针圆弧：Clockwise Arc17. 逆时针圆弧：Counterclockwise Arc18. 手工零件编程：Manual Part Programming19. 计算机零件编程：Computer Part Programming20. 绝对编程：Absolute Programming21. 增量编程：Increment Programming22. 字符：Character23. 控制字符：Control Character24. 地址：Address25. 程序段格式：Block Format26. 指令码：Instruction Code27. 程序号：Program Number28. 程序名：Program Name29. 指令方式：Command Mode30. 程序段：Block31. 零件程序：Part Program32. 加工程序：Machine Program33. 程序结束：End of Program34. 数据结束：End of Data35. 程序暂停：Program Stop36. 准备功能：Preparatory Function37. 辅助功能：Miscellaneous Function38. 刀具功能：Tool Function39. 进给功能：Feed Function40. 主轴速度功能：Spindle Speed Function41. 进给保持：Feed Hold42. 刀具轨迹：Tool Path43. 零点偏置：Zero Offset44. 刀具偏置：Tool Offset45. 刀具长度偏置：Tool Length Offset46. 刀具半径偏置：Tool Radius Offset47. 刀具半径补偿Cutter Radius Compensation48. 刀具轨迹进给速度：Tool Path Feed Rate49. 固定循环：Fixed cycle, Canned cycle50. 字程序：Subprogram51. 工序单：Planning Sheet52. 执行程序：Executive Program53. 倍率：Override54. 伺服机构：Servo-Mechanist55. 误差：Error56. 分辨率：Resolution。
数控机床刀具设计论文中英文资料外文翻译文献综述
数控机床刀具设计中英文资料英语原文：Design Of Tool Machine PropResearch significanceThe original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool.Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development.Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its oth management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs.The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.1.System components and control structureThe entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principleTool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component.1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive.2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to control the speed rotary turret to 5 ~ 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditi D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its at six other Des V oeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.1.1.2.Electrical Control SystemThis tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing.1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system needs some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter.2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system.3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device tion, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical fu as proximity switches, relays through the plate-point isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films.1.2.The functions of the knifeknife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc sc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its. If the knife cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knifeand capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process.s, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and com mon typesThe knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms:(1) the turret knifeIncluding the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):(2) the disc cutterDisc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (includingradial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of theknife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c).D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use theknife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of theknife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be verybeneficial, it is easy to use its. If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of theknife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Toolnumber not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitablygiven the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity andmore occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, morecompact layout, the number ofapply to small and medium-sizedprocessing center.(3) the chain knife Includingsingle-and multi-ring chain ringchain, chain link can take many forms change, see Figure 2.8 a) to c), the basic structure shown in Figure 2. 8 doFeatures: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.(4) linear combination knife and the knife libraryThe linear knife simple structure in Figure 2.9, tool single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the disc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though.Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically not used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.1.4 Tool storage capacityTool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view,generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the structure is compact.1.5 Tool options(1) choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate.(2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divided into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the coding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corresponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection.1.6.Control of the knife(1) the knife as a system to control the positioning axis. In the ladder diagram in accordance with the instructions for computing T code comparison of the output angle and speed of instructions to the knife the knife servo drive servo motor. Tool storage capacity, rotation speed, and / deceleration time, and other system parameters can be set in such a manner free from any outside influence positioning accurate and reliable but the cost is higher.(2) knife from the hydraulic motor drives, fast / slow the points, with proximity switches count and positioning. In comparison ladder diagram of the current storage system knife (knife spindle) and goals knife (pre-knife) and computing, then output rotation instructions, judging by the shortest path rotation in place. This approach requires sufficient hydraulic power and electromagnetic valve knife the rotational speed can be adjusted through the throttle. But over time may be oily hydraulic, oil temperature and environmental factors impact the change in velocity and accuracy. Not generally used in large and medium-sized machine tool change frequently.(3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fast-positioning.2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application2.1 Auto Rotary ToolRotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simpleinstallation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NCinstructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe.Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 º rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put ATC spindle control to the designated location at the same time, the tool movement to the appropriate location, ATC, with the rotary axis and at the same time, the knives matching tool; drawbars from Spindle Cutting Tools rip, ATC, will be the tool from their position removed; ATC, 180 º rotary tool spindle and the tool and tool away; ATC, the Rotary At the same time, thetool refocusing its position to accept Spindle removed from the cutting tool; Next, ATC, will be replaced with the cutter knives were unloaded into the spindle and tool: Finally, back to the original ATC, "standby" position. At this point, ATC completed procedures to continue to run. This ATC, the main advantage of simple structure,the less movement, fast tool change. The main disadvantage is that knives must be kept in parallel with the axis of the plane, and after the home side compared to the tool, chip and liquid-cutting knife into the folder, it is necessary to the tool plus protection. Cone knife folder on the chip will cause ATC error, or even damage knife folders, and the possibility of spindle. Some processing centre at the transfer, and the tool side. When the ATC command is called, the transfer-cutter knives will be removed, the machine go forward, and positioning with the ATC, in line with the position. 180 º "Rotary ATC devices can be used horizontal machine, can also be used for vertical machining centers.2. 2 ATC head-turret installedWith rotating CNC machine tool often used such ATC devices, with a few turret head spindle, each with a spindle on both knives, the first tower interim process can be automatic tool change-realization. The advantage is simple structure, tool change time is short, only about 2 s. However, due to spatial constraints, the number of spindle can not be too much, usually only apply to processes less, not to high precision machine tools, such as the NC drill, such as CNC milling machine. In recent years there has been a mechanical hand and the turret head with a knife for the automatic tool change ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.3. It is in fact a turret head ATC, and the knife-ATC device combination. The principle is as follows:5 turret on the first two tool spindle 3 and 4, when using the tool spindle 4 processing tool, the manipulator 2 will be the next step to the need for the tool does not work on the tool spindle 3 until after the completion of this process , the first rotary turret 180 º, ATC completed. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed.2. 3.Daidao system for the automatic tool changeFigure 2.4 shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig. Figure 2.5 shows the knife and split-type machine to the appearance of CNC machine tool plans.At this point, knife storage capacity, a heavier tool can, and often additional transport unit to complete the knife between the spindle and cutting tool transport.Daidao the knife from the ATC, the election knives, automatic loading and unloading machine tool and tool exchange institutions (manipulator), composed of four parts, used widely.Tool Automatic Tool Change When CNC tool code and the code in line with directives of the tool selected, the rotary cutter knives will be sent to the ATC position, waiting to grab manipulator. Random knife election is the advantage of the cutter knife in the order has nothing to do with the processing sequence, the same tool can be used repeatedly. Therefore, the relatively small number of knives, knife the corresponding smaller. Random elections knife on the tool must be coded to identify. There are three main coding.1. Tool coding. Adopt special knife handle structure coding, the drawbars on the knife handle back-endpackages such as spacing of the coding part of the lock-nut fixed. Coding diameter ring diameter of a size two,respectively, said that binary "1" and "0" to the two rings are different, can be a series of code. For example, there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the the manipulator system, the whole process more complicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the pre-size, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back into the knife.ATC, as the former two knives to accommodate a limited number can not be too many, can not meet the needs of complex parts machining, CNC machine tool Automatic Tool Change Daidao the use of the automatic tool change devices. The knife has more capacity, both installed in the spindle box side or above. As for the automatic tool change Daidao device CNC machine tool spindle box only a spindle, spindle components to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more complex parts of the machining processes, significantly improving productivity. Daidao system for the automatic tool change applied to drilling centres and CNC machining centers. The comparison drawn Daidao automatic tool change system is the most promising.3.PLC control of the knife random mode of election3. 1Common methods of automatic election knifeAutomatic control of the knife CNC refers to the system after the implementation of user instructions onthe knife library automation process, including the process to find knives and automatic tool change [(63,71]. CNC Machining Center device (CNC) directive issued by the election knife , a knife, the tool required to take the knife position, said the election automatic knife. automatically elected knife There are two ways: randomsequence election knives and knife election method.3.1.1 order election knifeTool Selection order is the process tool according to the sequence of the insert knife, the use of knives in order to take place, used knives back at the original knife, can also order Add Block, a knife. In this way, no need Tool identification devices, and drive control is a relatively simple, reliable and can be used directly from the points of the knife machinery to achieve. But the knives in each of the tool in different processes can not be reused, if the tool is installed in accordance with the order of the knife, there will be serious consequences. Theneed to increase the number of knives and knife the capacity of the tool and reduce the utilization of the knife.3.1.2Random election knifeRandom election under the knife is arbitrary instructions to select the required tools, then there must be tool identification devices. Tool knife in the library do not have the processing in accordance with the order of the workpiece can be arbitrary storage. Each of the tool (or knife blocks) are for a code, automatic tool change, the rotary cutter, every tool have been the "tool identification device" acceptable identification. When CNCtool code and the code in line with directives of the tool selected, the rotary cutter knives will be sent to the ATC position, waiting to grab manipulator. Random knife election is the advantage of the cutter knife in the order has nothing to do with the processing sequence, the same tool can be used repeatedly. Therefore, the relatively small number of knives, knife the corresponding smaller. Random elections knife on the tool must be coded to identify. There are three main coding.1. Tool coding. Adopt special knife handle structure coding, the drawbars on the knife handle back-end packages such as spacing of the coding part of the lock-nut fixed. Coding diameter ring diameter of a size two, respectively, said that binary "1" and "0" to the two rings are different, can be a series of code. For example, there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the code, to avoid the cutter knife Block did not confuse the situation.2. Knife Block coding. On the knife Block coding, coding tool, and tool into line with the number of knives in the Block. ATC knife when the rotation, so that each knife seats followed through knowledge knife, knife found blocks, knives stopped the rotation. At this time there is no knife handle encoding part of the knife handle simplified.3. Annex coding methods. This style of coding keys, coded cards, coding and coding-disc, which is the most widely used coding keys. First to knives are attached to a tool of the show wrapped coding keys, and when the cutter knife to the store at knife in, so put the number of keys to remember knife Block Road, will be inserted into key to the coding Block next to the key hole in the seat for the knife to the numbers. ConclusionFocused on in today's manufacturing environment tool storage and management of new models and methods, practical application of good results in systems integration and optimization, and other aspects of operations will be further explored, so that it has a higher theoretical and practical level.译文：机床刀具设计课题研究意义机床原来的刀库控制程序是单独设计的，没有采用刀具管理系统，功能也比较单一，只实现了刀库刀具的找刀、刀库最短路径定位、主轴换刀，而且不支持大型刀具。
数控机床设备资料中英文对照
数控机床设备资料中英文对照数控机床设备资料中英文对照一：说明书名次解释：lubrication hole[机]润滑孔; [机]滑油孔; 加油孔; [机]注润滑油孔Pressure Lubrication[机]压力润滑; 强制润滑; [机]加压润滑lubrication device润滑装置; 润滑油; 润滑装配AUTO LUBE 自动润滑Spindle motor 主轴马达Hydraulic pump motor 油压马达Auto Cross feed motor 前后马达High Pressure Through Coolant刀具高压冷却系统once-through coolant system一次流过冷却系统Coolant through spindle油水分离机sp. through coolant主轴通过冷却液through coolant通过冷却剂coolant jet冷却剂喷嘴flood coolant motor洪水冷却电机base coolant/gun motor基地冷却剂/枪电动机mist collect motor雾收集电动机Coolant motor (for tools/chips) 切削水马达Chip conveyor motor 铁屑输送机马达ATC motor 储刀仓马达fan cooler风扇冷却器fan draught cooler冷风机fan cooler(for amp):风扇冷却器（对放大器（amplifier））containment fan cooler安全壳风机冷却器fan-draught cooler风扇冷却器fan unit 风扇设备风扇单元风扇装置panel cooling 嵌入式降温panel door 镶板门panel heating 板壁供热tool counter工具柜台MAGAZINE CW 刀库正转MAGAZINE CCW 刀库反转 ...COUNTER （计数器）TOTAL COUNTER（总计数器）Mate：配对物（伴侣）Rotation：旋转回转Caution：谨慎radiator brake：散热器制动air duster blow gun吹尘器喷枪air-blow pipe喷气管Air Blow：鼓风Overload：超载overload protection防止过载，超载防护information overload信息过载；信息超载；信息超负荷overload capacity过载容量overload operation超负荷运行，超载运行thermal overload relay热继电器；热过载继电器overload current[电]过载电流 ; 过载电流过负荷电流dis connect jumper pin in case of using sub op存保计划连接跳线针如果使用子运算（in case of using如果使用；usb op 子运算）disconnect jumper pin断开连接跳线针beta-i servo ：β-i 伺服spindle amplifer:主轴放大器manual feed delay：手动进给延迟rigid tapping ontime：刚性攻丝准时z-axis cancel：z轴取消Current Tool Number现行刀具号Reset Current Tool恢复当前工具预设servo amp module伺服放大器模块optical fiber cable：光缆、光纤光缆sheet key板键Head sheet Key头型图要点key sheet键盘纸; 转印盘纸i series servo motor：i系列伺服电动机call light：警示灯lub. motor on :润滑泵接通（lubricant润滑剂motor-on signal马达接通信号ATC forward：ATC 向前ATC reverse ：ATC反向Ball screw: 滚珠丝杠Binary code :二进制DETACH:分离，脱开Follow-up ：位置跟踪Black format：程序段格式Tool post interference check：刀架碰撞检查Abnormal load detection：异常负载检测Manual handle interruption:手轮中断Ladder diagram:梯形图（阶梯，关系图）Tool counter：工具柜台Magazine：刀库Brake module：制动模块Machine side：机侧Twist pair：双绞线Main power source：主电源Wiring diagram：接线图Current：现时状态、现行状态Dual table ：双工作台Spare：备用件、预置Aux：辅助Brake on：制动器Mist ：雾状、雾Coolant tank capacity：冷却泵油箱容量Enclosure：外壳、套、附件Overload：过载Flag：标志Condition：条件Machine ready delay：机床准备延迟Encoder：编码器Etherent：以太网口Orientation：主轴定向Spindle positioning：主轴定位Fault：故障Motion：运转Dwell：停歇，保压Feed rate：进给率Interlock/start-lock:互锁/启动-锁Spindle speed arrival check：主轴速度到达检测concent for maintenance答应为维护AC reactor:交流电抗器APC：绝对位置编码器反馈(Absolute position encoder feedback)arm in position z-axis interlock:手臂位置Z轴互锁Pressure：压力，压强，是……压迫Pressure valve[机]压力阀; [机]压力值; 止回阀; [机]回压阀air pressure气压; 空气压力; [建]工作气压; [物]气源压力consuming volume耗用量Oil：油Oller：n. 轮胎式压路机Capacity: n. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力bearing capacity[力]承载能力; [力]承载力; [力]承重能力; 支持力oil type 油的类型pumping n. [机] 抽吸；脉动；抽气效应v. 抽水（pump的ing形式）pumping out抽空; 扬水; 排出; 泵出pumping frequency[电子]泵频; 抽运频率; 泵送频率interval：间隔间距class interval[统计]组距; 组区间; 级距; 标度分组间隔Time interval[天]时间间隔; [天]时间区间; 时距; [天]时段interval scale[统计]区间尺度; 等距量表; [计]等距尺度; 等距量尺capacity：容量consuming：adj. 消费的；强烈的v. 消耗（consume的ing形式distributor分配器metering n. 计量，[测] 测量；测光模式v. 以计量器计量（meter 的ing形式metering valve[机]计量阀; 限流阀; [机]限量阀; [机]配量阀metering jet量孔; [油气]测油孔; 计量喷流OPTION：选择（选择功能块）ARM:机械手ARM home position：机械手原点位置soft key cable：软键电缆PUNCH PANEL:开孔面板MOTHER BOARD:母版Name：名称Description：描述Connector：连接器二、操作面板中英文对照：ABS和REL——在法那克系统中，按这两个键分别来切换当前机床的相对坐标和绝对坐标ALL——全选，程序编辑时用PRGRM——程序（program）的缩写，用于查看程序NEXT——查看程序和查看参数时，下一页OPRT——在法那克系统中，选择编辑程序时，也就是按下PRGRM后，再按这个键，才能输入程序号HOST，CONECT——这两个是在系统与外界通信时用的，我没试过，不知道什么作用HELP——查看帮助信息SHIFT——换档键，有些键有两个字符，按下这个键，用来输入顶部那个字符ALTER——程序修改键，编辑程序时用INSERT——程序插入键，编辑程序时用EOB——程序结束符，在编辑程序时，没段程序结束时，要加这个符号CAN——取消键，用来取消输入INPUT——输入键，用来输入程序或参数POS——按此键显示当前机床位置画面PROS——按此键显示当前程序画面OFFSET——按此键显示刀具偏置画面SETTING——按此键显示刀具偏置设定画面SYSTEM——按此键显示系统信息及系统状态画面GRAPH——按此键显示加工时刀具轨迹的图形画面CUSTOM——按此键显示用户宏程序画面手动数据输入(MDI)直接数字控制方法(DNC)控制器单元或机控制器单元（MCU）法拉克：ALTER 修改程序及代码INSRT 插入程序DELET 删除程序EOB 完成一句(END OF BLOCK)CAN 取消(EDIT 或MDI MODE 情况下使用)INPUT 输入程序及代码OUTPUT START 输出程序及指令OFFSET 储存刀具长度、半径补当值AUX GRAPH 显示图形PRGRM 显示程序内容ALARM 显示发生警报内容或代码POS 显示坐标DGONS PARAM 显示自我诊断及参数功能RESET 返回停止CURSOR 光标上下移动PAGE 上下翻页三、常用缩写：启动start STRT停止stop ST运行run正转forward FWD反转reverse REV加速accelerate减速reduce RED低速low L中速medium M高速high H主轴方向spindle direction向前forward FWD向后backward向左left L向右 right R诊断：DGNOS信息：MSG操作员：OPER参数：PARAM目录：DIR取代：ALTER公共地线，公共线：COM四、其它常用词句中英文对照：金属切削 metal cutting机床 machine tool金属工艺学 technology of metals 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction联结 link传动 drive/transmission轴 shaft弹性 elasticity频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response定位 allocation机床夹具 jig动力学 dynamic运动学 kinematic静力学 static分析力学 analyse mechanics拉伸 pulling压缩 hitting剪切 shear扭转 twist弯曲应力 bending stress强度 intensity三相交流电 three-phase AC磁路 magnetic circles变压器 transformer异步电动机 asynchronous motor几何形状 geometrical精度 precision正弦形的 sinusoid交流电路 AC circuit机械加工余量 machining allowance 变形力 deforming force 变形 deformation应力 stress硬度 rigidity热处理 heat treatment退火 anneal正火 normalizing脱碳 decarburization渗碳 carburization电路 circuit半导体元件 semiconductor element 反馈 feedback发生器 generator直流电源 DC electrical source门电路 gate circuit逻辑代数 logic algebra外圆磨削 external grinding内圆磨削 internal grinding平面磨削 plane grinding变速箱 gearbox离合器 clutch绞孔 fraising绞刀 reamer螺纹加工 thread processing螺钉 screw铣削 mill铣刀 milling cutter功率 power工件 workpiece齿轮加工 gear mechining齿轮 gear主运动 main movement主运动方向 direction of main movement进给方向 direction of feed进给运动 feed movement合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed合成切削运动 resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度 cutting depth前刀面 rake face刀尖 nose of tool前角 rake angle后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found流体动力学 fluid dynamics流体力学 fluid mechanics加工 machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor集成电路 integrate circuit挡板 orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal design工业造型设计industrial moulding design 有限元finiteelement滚齿 hobbing插齿 gear shaping伺服电机 actuating motor铣床 milling machine钻床 drill machine镗床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图phase diagram热处理 heat treatment固态相变 solid state phase changes有色金属 nonferrous metal陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\\\微分 differential coefficient求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism 机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheel。
机床术语中英文对照表汇总
Lapping machines，centerless
无心精研机
Laser cutting
激光切割
Laser cutting for SMT stensil
激光钢板切割机
Lathe bench
车床工作台
Lathes，automatic
自动车床
Lathes，heavy—duty
重型车床
Lathes,high-speed
Die casting machines
压铸机
Dies—progressive
连续冲模
Disposable toolholder bits
舍弃式刀头
Drawing machines
拔丝机
Drilling machines
钻床
Drilling machines bench
钻床工作台
Drilling machines,high-speed
电脑数控磨床
CNC lathes
电脑数控车床
CNC machine tool fittings
电脑数控机床配件
CNC milling machines
电脑数控铣床
CNC shearing machines
电脑数控剪切机
CNC toolings
CNC刀杆
CNC wire—cutting machines
presses,crank
曲柄压力机
Presses，eccentric
离心压力机
Presses,forging
锻压机
Presses,hydraulic
液压冲床
Presses，knuckle joint
肘杆式压力机
Presses,pneumatic
数控机床英语
显示器
data date datum damage DC deceleration decimal piont decrease deep define deg degree DEL delete delay delete/deletion des cription detect/detection device DGN/DGNOS diagnose DI DIAG diagnosis diameter
序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 solute ABSENT AC accelerate acceleration active adapter add address adjust adjustment advance advanced air pressure ALM alarm align alter ampere amplifier amount angle analysis Absolute Pulse Coder appendix arc argument arm at park arm in arm out arithmetic arrow
DIR
disk
DISP
diamond digital dimension directory direction disconnect/disconnection diskette dispense display dispose/disposal distance divide
DMR DNC DO dog switch DOS DRAM drawing dress/dresser drift drill drive/driver drop droop dry dry run DTE drum drum to park drum to spindle duplicat/duplication dwell edbug edit electrical electronic emergency empty enable encoder end enter entry end of block equal equipment erase error escape emergency stop exact
机床行业中英文对照
机床行业中英文对照下面是机床行业中常见的英文对照：- 机床行业：Machine tool industry- 机床：Machine tool- 数控机床：Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tool - 金属切削机床：Metal cutting machine tool- 金属加工机床：Metal processing machine tool- 金属成型机床：Metal forming machine tool- 车床：Lathe- 铣床：Milling machine- 钻床：Drilling machine- 磨床：Grinding machine- 塑料加工机床：Plastic processing machine tool- 精密机床：Precision machine tool- 自动化机床：Automated machine tool- 机床控制系统：Machine tool control system- 数控系统：Numerical control system- 机床加工能力：Machine tool processing capacity- 加工精度：Processing accuracy- 切削速度：Cutting speed- 进给速度：Feed rate- 主轴转速：Spindle speed- 工件夹紧：Workpiece clamping- 工件定位：Workpiece positioning- 刀具选择：Tool selection- 刀具更换：Tool change- 冷却液：Coolant- 刀柄：Tool holder- 加工中心：Machining center- 排屑：Chip removal- 刀具磨损：Tool wear- 折弯机：Bending machine- 冲床：Punching machine- 压力机：Press machine- 剪板机：Shearing machine- 抛光机：Polishing machine- 螺纹机床：Thread cutting machine tool - 铸造机床：Casting machine tool- 灰铁：Gray iron- 球墨铸铁：Ductile iron- 铝合金：Aluminum alloy- 不锈钢：Stainless steel- 最大加工尺寸：Maximum processing size - 机床设计：Machine tool design- 机床制造：Machine tool manufacturing - 机床市场：Machine tool market- 机床出口：Machine tool export- 机床进口：Machine tool import- 机床行业协会：Machine tool industry association。
数控机床中英文翻译资料
中文1700字数字控制的历史在机床领域工作的任何人都不能忽视计算机对制造业的影响。
这些机床对工业的影响能力强迫公司经理和所有者更新他们的思想来保持竞争力。
这些机床的固有准确性和反复性已经帮助了质量过程工具例如统计过程控制在金工车间获得立足处。
NC/CNC机床的演变数字控制其实不是什么新东西。
早在1808年织机装入带孔的金属卡片控制所生产布料的样式。
机器的每根针由装入的卡上孔的有无来控制。
卡片成为机器的程序。
如果改变了卡片，样式也跟着改变。
自动钢琴也是数字控制的例子。
自动钢琴使用带孔的纸卷。
孔的有无决定音符是否被演奏。
空气被用于感应孔是否存在。
计算机的发明是数字控制的一个转折点。
1943年，称作ENIAC (电子数字积分器和计算机)的第一台计算机被制成。
ENIAC计算机非常大。
它占地超过1500平方英尺并使用大约18,000根真空管运算。
但真空管发热成为一个困扰的问题。
计算机仅能运行几分钟管子就失效。
另外，计算机重达数吨并非常难于编程。
ENIAC通过使用数以万计的开关来编程。
今天价值15美圆的计算器也远比这个早期的尝试更功能强大。
计算机技术领域真正的转折点是1948年晶体管的发明。
晶体管是真空管的替换品。
它体积小，便宜，可靠，耗能少，并且发热低。
真空管的完美取代品。
直到20世纪60年代晶体管才在工业中大量使用。
集成电路原件在1959年一种新技术涌现了：集成电路（ICs）。
集成电路实际是芯片上的控制电路。
当制造商发现了如何小型化电路，它比晶体管更有助于减小尺寸和改进电子控制的可靠性。
大规模集成电路大规模生产是在1965年。
在1974年发明了微处理器。
由此产生了微型计算机，使小规模运用成为可能。
计算机记忆卡制造的巨大进步使它计算机更加功能强大而容易支付。
作为政府生产高精度副翼的方法数控机床的原始构想源于20世纪50年代。
这些复杂的零件用传统方法制造并且通过和模板作比较来检验它们。
模板也必须用传统方法制造，是非常费时和不精确的。
机床术语中英文对照表
Manifolds
集合管
Milling heads
铣头
Milling machines
铣床
Milling machines,bed type
床身式铣床
Milling machines,duplicating
仿形铣床
Milling machines,horizontal
卧式铣床
Milling machines,turret vertical
铝轮冒口切断机
P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant
P型PVC高分子防水
PCB fine piecing systems
印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统
Pipe & tube making machines
管筒制造机
Planing machines
刨床
电动刀具
Engraving machines
雕刻机
Engraving machines,laser
激光雕刻机
Etching machines
蚀刻机
Finishing machines
修整机
Fixture
夹具
Forging dies
锻模
Forging,aluminium
锻铝
Forging,cold
冷锻
自动压力机
Pressing dies
压模
Punch formers
冲子研磨器
Quick die change systems
速换模系统
Quick mold change systems
快速换模系统
Reverberatory furnaces
机床常见英语英汉对照
机床行业常见英语英汉对照（1)：按英文字母排序3-Jaws indexing spacers 三爪、分割工具头A.T.C.system 加工中心机刀库Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces 连续溶解保温炉Balancing equipment 平衡设备Bayonet 卡口Bearing fittings 轴承配件Bearing processing equipment 轴承加工机Bearings 轴承Belt drive 带传动Bending machines 弯曲机Blades 刀片Blades,saw 锯片Bolts,screws & nuts 螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Boring heads 搪孔头Boring machines 镗床Cable making tools 造线机Casting,aluminium 铸铝Casting,copper 铸铜Casting,gray iron 铸灰口铁Casting,malleable iron 可锻铸铁Casting,other 其他铸造Casting,steel 铸钢Chain drive 链传动Chain making tools 造链机Chamfer machines 倒角机Chucks 夹盘Clamping/holding systems 夹具/支持系统CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机CNC boring machines 电脑数控镗床CNC drilling machines 电脑数控钻床CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC electric discharge machines 电脑数控电火花机CNC engraving machines 电脑数控雕刻机CNC grinding machines 电脑数控磨床CNC lathes 电脑数控车床CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控机床配件CNC milling machines 电脑数控铣床CNC shearing machines 电脑数控剪切机CNC toolings CNC刀杆CNC wire-cutting machines电脑数控线切削机Conveying chains 输送链Coolers 冷却机Coupling 联轴器Crimping tools 卷边工具Cutters 刀具Cutting-off machines 切断机Diamond cutters 钻石刀具Dicing saws 晶圆切割机Die casting dies 压铸冲模Die casting machines 压铸机Dies-progressive 连续冲模Disposable toolholder bits 舍弃式刀头Drawing machines 拔丝机Drilling machines 钻床Drilling machines bench 钻床工作台Drilling machines,high-speed 高速钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle 多轴钻床Drilling machines,radial 摇臂钻床Drilling machines,vertical 立式钻床drills 钻头Electric discharge machines(EDM) 电火花机Electric power tools 电动刀具Engraving machines 雕刻机Engraving machines,laser 激光雕刻机Etching machines 蚀刻机Finishing machines 修整机Fixture 夹具Forging dies 锻模Forging,aluminium 锻铝Forging,cold 冷锻Forging,copper 铜锻Forging,other 其他锻造Forging,steel 钢锻Foundry equipment 铸造设备Gear cutting machines 齿轮切削机Gears 齿轮Gravity casting machines 重力铸造机Grinder bench 磨床工作台Grinders,thread 螺纹磨床Grinders,tools & cutters 工具磨床Grinders,ultrasonic 超声波打磨机Grinding machines 磨床Grinding machines,centerless 无心磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical 外圆磨床Grinding machines,universal 万能磨床Grinding tools 磨削工具Grinding wheels 磨轮Hand tools 手工具Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant 硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Heat preserving furnaces 保温炉Heating treatment funaces 熔热处理炉Honing machines 搪磨机Hydraulic components 液压元件Hydraulic power tools 液压工具Hydraulic power units 液压动力元件Hydraulic rotary cylinders 液压回转缸Jigs 钻模Lapping machines 精研机Lapping machines,centerless 无心精研机Laser cutting 激光切割Laser cutting for SMT stensil 激光钢板切割机Lathe bench 车床工作台Lathes,automatic 自动车床Lathes,heavy-duty 重型车床Lathes,high-speed 高速车床Lathes,turret 六角车床Lathes,vertical 立式车床Lubricants 润滑液Lubrication Systems 润滑系统Lubricators 注油机Machining centers,general 通用加工中心Machining centers,horizontal 卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical 卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical 立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type 立式双柱加工中心Magnetic tools 磁性工具Manifolds 集合管Milling heads 铣头Milling machines 铣床Milling machines,bed type 床身式铣床Milling machines,duplicating 仿形铣床Milling machines,horizontal 卧式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical 六角立式铣床Milling machines,universal 万能铣床Milling machines,vertical 立式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal 立式及卧式铣床Mold & die components 模具单元Mold changing systems 换模系统Mold core 模芯Mold heaters/chillers 模具加热器/冷却器Mold polishing/texturing 模具打磨/磨纹Mold repair 模具维修Molds 模具Nail making machines 造钉机Oil coolers 油冷却器Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels 铝轮冒口切断机P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant P型PVC高分子防水PCB fine piecing systems 印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统Pipe & tube making machines 管筒制造机Planing machines 刨床Planing machines vertical 立式刨床Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气油压虎钳Pneumatic power tools 气动工具Powder metallurgic forming machines 粉末冶金成型机Presses,cold forging 冷锻冲压机presses,crank 曲柄压力机Presses,eccentric 离心压力机Presses,forging 锻压机Presses,hydraulic 液压冲床Presses,knuckle joint 肘杆式压力机Presses,pneumatic 气动冲床Presses,servo 伺服冲床Presses,transfer 自动压力机Pressing dies 压模Punch formers 冲子研磨器Quick die change systems 速换模系统Quick mold change systems 快速换模系统Reverberatory furnaces 反射炉Rollers 滚筒Rolling machines 辗压机Rotary tables 转台Sawing machines 锯床Sawing machines,band 带锯床Saws,band 带锯Saws,hack 弓锯Saws,horizontal band 卧式带锯Saws,vertical band 立式带锯shafts 轴Shapers 牛头刨床Shearing machines 剪切机Sheet metal forming machines 金属板成型机Sheet metal working machines 金属板加工机Slotting machines 插床spindles 主轴Stamping parts 冲压机Straightening machines 矫直机Switches & buttons 开关及按钮Tapping machines 攻螺丝机Transmitted chains 传动链Tube bending machines 弯管机Vertical hydraulic broaching machine 立式油压拉床Vises 虎钳Vises,tool-maker 精密平口钳Wheel dressers 砂轮修整器Woven-Cutting machines 织麦激光切割机Wrenches 扳手（2）：按中文拼音字母排序铝轮冒口切断机Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels离心压力机Presses,eccentric六角立式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical六角车床Lathes,turret螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Bolts,screws & nuts螺纹磨床Grinders,thread冷却机Coolers冷锻Forging,cold 冷锻冲压机Presses,cold forging立式双柱加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type立式铣床Milling machines,vertical立式油压拉床Vertical hydraulic broaching machine立式刨床Planing machines vertical立式车床Lathes,vertical立式带锯Saws,vertical band立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical立式及卧式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal立式钻床Drilling machines,vertical联轴器Coupling连续溶解保温炉Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces连续冲模Dies-progressive链传动Chain drive切断机Cutting-off machinesCNC刀杆CNC toolings曲柄压力机presses,crank修整机Finishing machines舍弃式刀头Disposable toolholder bits润滑系统Lubrication Systems润滑液Lubricants熔热处理炉Heating treatment funaces三爪、分割工具头3-Jaws indexing spacers 伺服冲床Presses,servo输送链Conveying chains手工具Hand tools砂轮修整器Wheel dressers蚀刻机Etching machines外圆磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical搪磨机Honing machines搪孔头Boring heads卧式铣床Milling machines,horizontal卧式带锯Saws,horizontal band卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal 卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical万能铣床Milling machines,universal万能磨床Grinding machines,universal镗床Boring machines弯曲机Bending machines弯管机Tube bending machines通用加工中心Machining centers,general铜锻Forging,copper铣头Milling heads铣床Milling machines无心磨床Grinding machines,centerless无心精研机Lapping machines,centerless压模Pressing dies压铸冲模Die casting dies压铸机Die casting machines油冷却器Oil coolers造链机Chain making tools造线机Cable making tools造钉机Nail making machines印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统PCB fine piecing systems摇臂钻床Drilling machines,radial硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant辗压机Rolling machines液压元件Hydraulic components液压冲床Presses,hydraulic液压动力元件Hydraulic power units液压工具Hydraulic power tools液压回转缸Hydraulic rotary cylindersP型PVC高分子防水P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant刨床Planing machines牛头刨床Shapers其他铸造Casting,other其他锻造Forging,other模芯Mold core模具Molds模具维修Mold repair模具打磨/磨纹Mold polishing/texturing模具单元Mold & die components模具加热器/冷却器Mold heaters/chillers磨轮Grinding wheels磨削工具Grinding tools磨床Grinding machines磨床工作台Grinder bench平衡设备Balancing equipment气油压虎钳Pneumatic hydraulic clamps气动冲床Presses,pneumatic 气动工具Pneumatic power tools轴shafts轴承Bearings轴承配件Bearing fittings轴承加工机Bearing processing equipment 肘杆式压力机Presses,knuckle joint铸铝Casting,aluminium铸铜Casting,copper铸造设备Foundry equipment铸钢Casting,steel铸灰口铁Casting,gray iron织麦激光切割机Woven-Cutting machines 重力铸造机Gravity casting machines重型车床Lathes,heavy-duty主轴spindles扳手Wrenches拔丝机Drawing machines保温炉Heat preserving furnaces插床Slotting machines齿轮Gears齿轮切削机Gear cutting machines冲压机Stamping parts冲子研磨器Punch formers超声波打磨机Grinders,ultrasonic车床工作台Lathe bench磁性工具Magnetic tools传动链Transmitted chains床身式铣床Milling machines,bed type带传动Belt drive带锯Saws,band带锯床Sawing machines,band电脑数控镗床CNC boring machines电脑数控弯折机CNC bending presses电脑数控铣床CNC milling machines电脑数控线切削机CNC wire-cutting machines电脑数控磨床CNC grinding machines电脑数控车床CNC lathes电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC EDM wire-cutting machines电脑数控电火花机CNC electric discharge machines电脑数控雕刻机CNC engraving machines 电脑数控机床配件CNC machine toolfittings电脑数控剪切机CNC shearing machines电脑数控钻床CNC drilling machines电动刀具Electric power tools电火花机Electric discharge machines(EDM) 雕刻机Engraving machines刀片Blades刀具Cutters倒角机Chamfer machines多轴钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle锻铝Forging,aluminium锻压机Presses,forging锻模Forging dies仿形铣床Milling machines,duplicating粉末冶金成型机Powder metallurgic forming machines反射炉Reverberatory furnaces钢锻Forging,steel高速车床Lathes,high-speed高速钻床Drilling machines,high-speed管筒制造机Pipe & tube making machines滚筒Rollers工具磨床Grinders,tools & cutters攻螺丝机Tapping machines弓锯Saws,hack虎钳Vises换模系统Mold changing systems夹盘Chucks夹具Fixture夹具/支持系统Clamping/holding systems剪切机Shearing machines加工中心机刀库A.T.C.system激光切割Laser cutting激光雕刻机Engraving machines,laser激光钢板切割机Laser cutting for SMT stensil集合管Manifolds矫直机Straightening machines金属板成型机Sheet metal forming machines 金属板加工机Sheet metal working machines锯片Blades,saw锯床Sawing machines卷边工具Crimping tools 晶圆切割机Dicing saws精密平口钳Vises,tool-maker精研机Lapping machines可锻铸铁Casting,malleable iron快速换模系统Quick mold change systems 卡口Bayonet开关及按钮Switches & buttons钻石刀具Diamond cutters钻头drills钻模Jigs钻床Drilling machines钻床工作台Drilling machines bench自动压力机Presses,transfer金属切削metal cutting机床machine tool金属工艺学technology of metals刀具cutter摩擦friction联结link传动drive/transmission轴shaft弹性elasticity频率特性frequency characteristic误差error响应response定位allocation机床夹具jig动力学dynamic运动学kinematic静力学static分析力学analyse mechanics拉伸pulling压缩hitting剪切shear扭转twist弯曲应力bending stress强度intensity三相交流电three-phase AC磁路magnetic circles变压器transformer异步电动机asynchronous motor几何形状geometrical精度precision正弦形的sinusoid交流电路AC circuit机械加工余量machining allowance变形力deforming force变形deformation应力stress硬度rigidity热处理heat treatment退火anneal正火normalizing脱碳decarburization渗碳carburization电路circuit半导体元件semiconductor element反馈feedback发生器generator直流电源DC electrical source门电路gate circuit逻辑代数logic algebra外圆磨削external grinding内圆磨削internal grinding平面磨削plane grinding变速箱gearbox离合器clutch绞孔fraising绞刀reamer螺纹加工thread processing螺钉screw铣削mill铣刀milling cutter功率power工件workpiece齿轮加工gear mechining齿轮gear主运动main movement主运动方向direction of main movement进给方向direction of feed进给运动feed movement合成进给运动resultant movement of feed合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting 合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting切削深度cutting depth前刀面rake face刀尖nose of tool 前角rake angle后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broaching machine拉孔broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration气压air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluid clutch液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor集成电路integrate circuit挡板orifice plate残余应力residual stress套筒sleeve扭力torsion冷加工cold machining电动机electromotor汽缸cylinder过盈配合interference fit热加工hotwork摄像头CCD camera倒角rounding chamfer优化设计optimal design工业造型设计industrial moulding design有限元finite element滚齿hobbing插齿gear shaping伺服电机actuating motor铣床milling machine钻床drill machine镗床boring machine步进电机stepper motor丝杠screw rod导轨lead rail组件subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC电火花加工electric spark machining电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire - cutting相图phase diagram热处理heat treatment固态相变solid state phase changes有色金属nonferrous metal陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis悬架suspension转向器redirector变速器speed changer板料冲压sheet metal parts孔加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity内力internal force位移displacement截面section疲劳极限fatigue limit断裂fracture塑性变形plastic distortion脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion垫圈washer垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams共轭曲线conjugate curve范成法generation method定义域definitional domain值域range导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral曲率curvature偏微分partial differential毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers攻丝tap二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix线性方程组linear equations概率probability随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination气体状态方程equation of state of gas动能kinetic energy势能potential energy机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy动量momentum桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism机械零件mechanical parts淬火冷却quench 淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel舍弃式刀头Di osabletoolholderbits润滑系统Lubricatio ystems润滑液Lubricants熔热处理炉Heatingtreatmentfunaces三爪、分割工具头3-Jawsindexing acers伺服冲床Pre es,servo输送链Conveyingchai手工具Handtools砂轮修整器Wheeldre ers蚀刻机Etchingmachines外圆磨床Grindingmachines,cylindrical搪磨机Honingmachines搪孔头Boringheads卧式铣床Millingmachines,horizontal卧式带锯Saws,horizontalband卧式加工中心Machiningcenters,horizontal 卧式及立式加工中心Machiningcenters,horizontal&am amp amp vertical万能铣床Millingmachines,universal万能磨床Grindingmachines,universal镗床Boringmachines弯曲机Bendingmachines弯管机Tubebendingmachines通用加工中心Machiningcenters,general铜锻Forging,co er铣头Millingheads铣床Millingmachines无心磨床Grindingmachines,centerle无心精研机La ingmachines,centerle压模Pre ingdies压铸冲模Diecastingdies压铸机Diecastingmachines油冷却器Oilcoolers造链机Chainmakingtools弯管机Tubebendingmachines通用加工中心Machiningcenters,general铜锻Forging,co er铣头Millingheads铣床Millingmachines无心磨床Grindingmachines,centerle无心精研机La ingmachines,centerle压模Pre ingdies压铸冲模Diecastingdies压铸机Diecastingmachines油冷却器Oilcoolers手工具Handtools砂轮修整器Wheeldre ers蚀刻机Etchingmachines外圆磨床Grindingmachines,cylindrical搪磨机Honingmachines搪孔头Boringheads卧式铣床Millingmachines,horizontal卧式带锯Saws,horizontalband卧式加工中心Machiningcenters,horizontal 卧式及立式加工中心Machiningcenters,horizontal&am amp amp vertical万能铣床Millingmachines,universal万能磨床Grindingmachines,universal镗床Boringmachines修整机Finishingmachines舍弃式刀头Di osabletoolholderbits润滑系统Lubricatio ystems润滑液Lubricants熔热处理炉Heatingtreatmentfunaces三爪、分割工具头3-Jawsindexing acers伺服冲床Pre es,servo输送链Conveyingchai手工具Handtools砂轮修整器Wheeldre ers蚀刻机Etchingmachines外圆磨床Grindingmachines,cylindrical搪磨机Honingmachines搪孔头Boringheads卧式铣床Millingmachines,horizontal卧式带锯Saws,horizontalband卧式加工中心Machiningcenters,horizontal 卧式及立式加工中心Machiningcenters,horizontal&am amp amp vertical万能铣床Millingmachines,universal 万能磨床Grindingmachines,universal 镗床Boringmachines弯曲机Bendingmachines弯管机Tubebendingmachines常见数控机床参数英语词汇AC 交流电AMP 安培APC 自动托盘交换装置APL 自动部件装载机ASCII 美国信息交换标准法规ATC 自动刀具交换装置ATC FWD 自动刀具交换装置前进ATC REV 自动刀具交换装置后退AWG 美国线规BHCS 圆头帽螺钉CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造（辅助加工）CB 断路开关CC 立方厘米CCW 逆时针CFM 每分钟立方英尺CNC 计算机数控CNCR SPINDLE 与轴运动同步的芯轴CRC 循环冗余码校验数字CRT 阴极射线管CTS 清除发送CW 顺时针DB 牵引杆DC 直流电DGNOS 诊断DHCP 动态主机配置协议DIR 目录DNC 直接数字控制DOS 磁盘操作系统DTE 数据终端设备ENA CNVR 启动输送机EOB 块结束EOF 文件结束EPROM 可擦可编程只读存储器E-STOP 紧急停机FADAL 其他人FHCS 平头帽螺钉FT 英尺FU 保险丝FWD 前进GA 量规HAAS 正确的刀具HHB 六角头螺钉HP 马力HS 卧式系列加工中心ID 内径IGBT 隔离栅双极晶体管IN 英寸IOPCB 输入输出印刷电路板LAN 局域网LB 磅LED 发光二极管LO CLNT 冷却剂低压LOW AIR PR 低气压LVPS 低电压电源MB 兆字节(1百万)MCD RL Y BRD M-代码继电器盘MDI 手动数据输入MEM 存储器M-FIN M-代码完成MM 毫米MOCON 电动机控制器MOTIF 电动机接口MSG 信息MSHCP 公制插座帽螺钉NC 数字控制NC 常闭合NO 常开OD 外径OPER 操作员P 袋PARAM 参数PCB 印制电路板PGM 程序POR 通电复位POSIT 位置PROG 程序PSI 每平方英寸磅PWM 脉冲宽度调制RAM 随机存取存储器REPT RIG TAP 围盘轧制刚性螺丝攻RET 返回，回车REV CNVR 回动输送机RJH 遥控摇柄RPDBDN 旋转式托盘拉杆放下RPDBUP 旋转式托盘拉杆提起RPM 每分钟转数RIS 请求输送RXD 接收数据S 芯轴转速SDIST 伺服机构分配印制电路板SFM 每分钟平方英尺SHCS 套筒扳手头帽螺钉SIO 串行输入／输出SKBIF 串行键盘接口印制电路板SMTC 侧挂式刀具交换装置SP 芯轴T 刀具编号TC 刀具交换装置TIR 总指示偏转TNC 刀尖偏差TRP 刀具释放活塞IS 尾架ISC 通过芯轴的冷却剂TXD 发送数据VDI 德国工程师协会VF 立式铣床（第一台）VF-E 立式铣床－扩展型VMC 立式加工中心WAN 广域网。
完整版机床用语中英文对照
完整版机床用语中英文对照Aabrasion n.磨料，研磨材料，磨蚀剂,a.磨损的,磨蚀的abrasive belt n. 砂带abrasive belt grinding n. 砂带磨削，用研磨带磨光abrasive cut-off mach ine n. 砂轮切断机abrasive dress ing wheel n. 砂轮修整轮abrasive grain n. 磨料粒度abrasive grit n. 研磨用磨料，铁粒abrasive lapp ing wheel n. 磨料研磨轮accuracy of positi on n. 位置精度accuracy to shape n. 形状精度active cutt ing edge n. 主切削刃adapter flange n. 连接器法兰盘adjointing flanks n. 共轭齿廓align n.找中（心），找正，对中，对准，找平，调直，校直，调整，调准angle millingcutter n.角铣刀an gular grin di ng n. 斜面磨削，斜磨法an gular milli ng n. 斜面铣肖Uan gular plunge grinding n. 斜向切入磨肖Uan gular turning n.斜面车肖Uarbour n.刀杆，心轴，柄轴，轴，辊轴attachment n.附件，附件机构，联结，固接，联结法automatic bar machi ne n. 棒料自动车床automatic bori ng machi ne n. 自动镗床automatic copy ing lathe n. 自动仿形车床automatic double-head milli ng mach ine n. 自动双轴铣床automatic lathe n. 自动车床automatic turret lathe n. 自动转塔车床Bbelt grinding machi ne n. 砂带磨床bench lathe n. 台式车床bevel n.斜角，斜面，倾斜，斜切，斜角规，万能角尺，圆锥的，倾斜的，斜边, 伞齿轮，锥齿轮bevel gear cutt ing mach ine n. 锥齿轮切削机床bevel gear tooth system n. 锥齿轮系，锥齿轮传动系统borehole n.镗孔，镗出的孔，钻眼boring n. 镗孔，钻孔，穿孑L boring fixture n. 镗孔夹具bori ng machi ne n. 镗床bori ng tool n. 镗刀boring, drilling and milling machine n. 镗铣床broaching machine n. 拉床，铰孔机，剥孔机broach ing tool n.拉刀broad fin ishi ng tool n. 宽刃精切刀，宽刃精车刀，宽刃光切刀CCalibrate vt.校准〔正〕，刻度，分度，检查〔验〕，定标，标定，使标准化, 使符合标准cam con tour grin der n. 凸轮仿形磨床carbide tip n.硬质合金刀片carbide turni ng tool n. 硬质合金车刀carbide-tipped tool n. 硬质合金刀具cast iron machi ning n. 铸铁加工，铸铁切削加工cen terless cyli ndrical grin der n. 无心外圆磨床ceramic cutt ing tool n.金属陶瓷刀具chamfer n.;vt.倒角，倒棱chamfered cutt ing edge n. 倒角刀刃champ v.焦急champ ing fixture n. 快换夹具champ ing jaw n. 快换卡爪chaser n.螺纹梳刀，梳刀盘，板牙chatter vi.; n.振动，振荡，震颤，刀振cherry n.;a.樱桃，鲜红的，樱桃木制的chip n.切屑，铁屑，刀片，刀头，片，薄片，芯片，基片chip breaker groove radius n. 断屑槽底半径，卷屑槽底半径chip cleara nee n. 切屑间隙chip cross-sectio nal area n. 切屑横截面面积chip curl n.螺旋形切屑chip flow n. 切屑流chip formatio n n.切屑形成chip rem oving process n. 去毛刺加工chip variable n. 切屑变量chuck n.卡盘，夹盘，卡头，〔电磁〕吸盘，vt.固定，装卡，夹紧，卡住chucker n. 卡盘车床，卡角车床circular drillling machine n. 圆工作台钻床circular path n.环路，圆轨迹circular pitch measureme nt n. 周节测量circumfere nee n.圆周，周线，周界，周围，四周，范围close-gra ined a.纟田颗粒的coeffecie nt of tool thrust n. 刀具推力系数coil chip n. 卷状切屑cold circular saw n. 冷圆锯cold saw n.冷锯colum n drilli ng mach ine n. 圆〔方〕柱立式钻床combined drill and milling cutter n. 复合钻铣床complete traverse grinding n. 横进给磨削，切入磨肖Ucomputer-controlled machine n. 计算机控制机床，数控机床contact pattern n. 靠模con ti nu ous chip n. 连续切屑con ti nu ous spiral chip n. 连续螺旋切屑con tour n.轮廓，外形，外貌，轮廓线，回路，网路，电路，等高线，等值线，轮廓等高距a.仿形的，靠模的con tour grin di ng n. 仿形磨削，成形磨削con tour milli ng n.成形铣削，外形铣削，等高走刀曲面仿形法convex milli ng attachme nt n. 凸面铣削附件convex turni ng attachme nt n. 中凸车削附件，凸面车削附件coola nt lubrica nt n. 冷却润滑剂coola nt lubrica nt emulsi on n. 冷去卩润滑乳液〔剂〕copy n.样板，仿形，靠模工作法，拷贝复制品，v.复制，模仿,抄录copy grinding n. 仿形磨床copy-mill n.仿形铣copy ing turret lathe n. 仿形转塔车床corner n.角,弯〔管〕头，弯管counterbore n.埋头孔,沉孔,锥口孔，平底扩孔钻，平底锪钻，n.;vt.扩孔，锪孔，镗孔，镗阶梯孔cran kshaft grinding machi ne n. 曲轴磨床cran kshaft turni ng lathe n. 曲轴车床creep feed grinding n. 缓进给磨肖Ucross milli ng n. 横向铣削curly chip n.卷状切屑，螺旋形切屑，切屑螺旋cut v.;n.切削〔割〕，口，片，断，断开，削减，减少，断面，剖面，相交，凹槽cut off n.切断〔开，去〕，关闭，停车，停止，断开装置，断流器，挡板，截止，截流cut teeeth n.铣齿cut-off grinding n.砂轮截断，砂轮切割cutter n.刀具，切削工具，截断器，切断器，切断机cutting n.切削，切片，切割，切屑，金属屑，截槽cutti ng edge profile n.切削刃轮廓〔外形，断面〕，切削刃角度cutt ing force n. 切削力cutti ng lip n.切削刃，刀刃，钻唇，钻刃cutt ing operation n. 切削加工，切削操作，切削作业cutti ng rate n.切削效率，切削速率cutti ng tool n.刀具，切削工具，刃具cycle n.周期，周，循环，一个操作过程，轮转，自行车cyli ndrical grin der n. 夕卜圆磨床Ddamage n.;vt.损坏〔害，伤，耗，失〕，破坏，事故，故障，伤害，危害deep-hole drilling n.深孔钻肖Udeep-hole milli ng n. 深孔铣削design n.设计，计算，计划，方案，设计书，图纸die-si nking n.凹模dime nsio n n.尺寸，尺度，维度，量纲，因次directi on of the feed moti on n. 进给方向，进刀方向discontinuous chip n. 间断切屑distanee n.距离，间隔〔隙〕，长度，vt.隔开double-colu mn pla ner-miller n. 双柱龙门铣床dress v.修饰，修整，平整，整理，清理，装饰，调制，准备，打磨，磨光，压平，轿直，清洗，清理，分级drilling n.钻头，钻床，穿孔器，凿岩机，v.钻孔，打孔，钻井，钻探drilli ng machi ne n. 钻床，钻机，钻孔机，打眼机drilling tool n.钻孔〔削，井，眼〕工具Eedge point n. 刀口，刀刃efficiency n.效率，效能，性能，功率，产量，实力，经济性，有〔功，实〕效end mill n. 立铣刀exter nal grinding n. 夕卜圆磨肖UFface n.表面，外观，工作面，表盘，屏，幕v.面向，朝向，表面加工，把表面弄平face grinding machi ne n. 平面磨床face milli ng mach ine n. 端面磨床feed force n. 进给力feed moti on n. 进给运动fine adjustme nt n.精调，细调，微调fine boring n.精密镗孔finish v.;n.精加工，抛光，修整，表面粗糙度，完工，最后加工，最后阶段，涂层，涂料fin ish-cutt ing n.精加工，最终切削fixture n.夹具，夹紧装置，配件，零件，定位器，支架form n.型式，类型，摸板，模型，形成，产生，成形，表格v.形〔组，构〕成，产生，作出，成形，造型form-turn n. 成形车削free-cutt ing n.自由切削，无支承切削，高速切削Ggap n.间隔，间隙，距离，范围，区间，缺口，开口火花隙，vt.使产生裂缝vi. 豁开gear cutt ing mach ine n. 齿轮加工机床，切齿机gear gen erati ng grin der n. 磨齿机gear hob n. 齿轮滚刀grinding cutter n. 磨具grinding force n. 磨削力grinding machi ne n. 磨床grinding wheel diameter n. 砂轮直径grinding wheel width n. 砂轮宽度groove n.槽，切口，排屑槽，空心槽，坡口，vt.切〔开，铣〕槽groove milling n. 铣槽Hheadstock sp in dle n. 床头箱主轴，主轴箱主轴，头架轴helical tooth system n. 螺旋齿轮传动装置high precisi on lathe n. 高精度车床high-speed n.高速high-speed mach ining n. 高速加工hob n.齿轮滚刀，滚刀，螺旋铣刀，v.滚铣，滚齿，滚削horsepower n.马力hobbing machine n.滚齿机，螺旋铣床，挤压制模压力机,反应阴模机hole n.孑L，洞，坑，槽，空穴，孔道，管道，v.钻〔穿，冲，开〕孔，打洞hone n. vt.磨石，油石，珩磨头，磨孔器，珩磨，honing mach ine n. 珩磨机，珩床，搪磨床，磨孔机，磨气缸机Iinclination n.倾斜，斜度，倾角，斜角〔坡〕，弯曲，偏〔差，角〕转in creme nt n.增量，增加，增〔大〕长in dex ing table automatic n. 自动分度工作台infeed grinding n. 切入式磨削in stallation n.装置，设备，台，站，安装，设置internal grinding n. 内圆磨肖Uin volute hob n.渐开线滚刀Jjig bori ng mach ine n. 坐标镗床Kkeyway cutt ing n.键槽切削加工kn urli ng tool n.滚花刀具，压花刀具，滚花刀Llaedscrew machi ne n. 丝杠加工机床lap grinding n.研磨lapping n.研磨，抛光，精研，搭接，擦准lathe n.车床lathe dog n.车床轧头，卡箍，鸡心夹头，离心夹头，制动爪，车床挡块lathe tool n.车刀level n.水平，水准，水平线，水平仪，水准仪，电平，能级，程度，强度，a.水平的，相等的，均匀的，平稳的loadi ng time n.装载料时间，荷重时间，充填时间，充气时间lock n.锁，栓，闸，闭锁装置，锁型，同步，牵引，v.闭锁，关闭，卡住，固定，定位，制动刹住Ion gitudi nal grinding n. 纵磨low capacity machi ne n. 小功率机床〔机器〕Mmach ine axis n. 机床中心线mach ine table n. 机床工作台mach ine tool n. 机床，工作母机machi ning n.机械加工，切削加工machi ning (or cutti ng) variable n. 力卩工(或切削)变量machi ning allowa nee n. 机械加工余量machi ning cycle n. 力卩工循环mach ining of metals n. 金属切削加工，金属加工magazi ne automatic n.自动化仓库，自动化料斗，自动存贮送料装置manu facture n.制造者，生产者，厂商，产品，制造material rem oving rate n. 材料去除率metal cutt ing n. 金属切肖U metal-cutt ing tech no logy n. 金属切削工艺学，金属切削工艺〔技术〕metal-cutti ng tool n. 金属切削刀具，金属切削工具micrometer adjustme nt n. 微调milling n.铣削，磨碎，磨整，选矿milli ng feed n.铣削进给，铣削走刀量，铣削走刀机构milli ng machi ne n. 铣床milli ng spi ndle n. 铣床主轴milli ng tool n.铣削刀具，铣削工具mount v.固定，安装，装配，装置，架设，n.固定件，支架，座，装置，机构mou nting n.安装，装配，固定，机架，框架，装置mounting fixture n. 安装夹具，固定夹具NNose n.鼻子，端，前端，凸头，刀尖，机头，突出部分，伸出部分nu mber of revoluti ons n. 转数nu merical con trol n. 数字控制nu merically con trolled lathe n. 数控车床Ooblique grinding n. 斜切式磨床operate v.操纵，控制，运行，工作，动作，运算operati ng cycle n. 工作循环operation n.运转，操作，控制，工作，作业，运算，计算operati onal in structi on n. 操作说明书，操作说明operati onal safety n. 操作安全性，使用可靠性oscillat ing type abrasive cutt ing machi ne n. 摆动式砂轮切割机oscillation n.振动，振荡，摆动，颤振，振幅out-cut milli ng n. 切口铣削oxide ceramics n. 氧化物陶瓷oxide-ceramic cutti ng tool n. 陶瓷刀具P。
数控机床的组成部分外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译
英文原文N/C Machine Tool ElementN/C machine tool elements consist of dimensioning systems, control systems,servomechanisms and open-orclosed-loop systems. It is important to understand each elementprior to actual programming of a numerically controlled port.The term measuring system in N/C refers to the method a machine tool uses to move a partfrom a reference point to a target point. A target point may be a certain locating for drilling a hole,milling a slot, or other machine operation. The two measuring systems used on N/C machines arethe absolute and incremental. The absolute measuring system uses a fixed reference point. It ison this point that all positional information is based. In other words, all the locations to which apart will be moved must be given dimensions relating to that original fixed reference point.Figure16.1 shows an absolute measuring system with X and Y dimensions, each based on the origin.The incremental measuring system has a floating coordinating system. With the incrementalsystem, the time the part is moved. Figure 16.2 show X and Y values using an incrementalmeasuring system. Notice that with this system, each new location bases its values in X and Yfrom the preceding location. One disadvantage to this system is that any errors made will berepeated throughout the entire program, if not detected and corrected.There are two types of control systems commonly used on N/C equipment: point-to-point andcontinuous path. A point-to-point controlled N/C machine tool, sometimes referred to as apositioning control type, has the capability of moving only along a straight line. However, whentwo axes are programmed simultaneously with equal values a 45 angle will be generated.Point-to-point systems are generally found on drilling and simple milling machine where holelocation and straight milling jobs are performed. Point-to-point systems can be utilized togenetate arcs and angles by programming the machine to move in a series of small steps. Usingthis technique, however, the actual path machined is slightly different from the cutting pathspecified.Machine tools that have the capability of moving simultaneously in two or more axes areclassified as continuous-path or contouring. These machines are used for machining arcs, radii,circles, and angles of any size in two or there dimensions. Continuous-path machines are moreexpensive than point-to-point systems and generally require a computer to aid programming when machining complex contours.N/C servomechanisms are devices used for producing accurate movement of a table or slidalong an axis. Two types of servos are commonly used on N/C equipment: electric stepping motors and hydraulic motors. Stepping motor servos are frequently used on less expensive N/C equipment. These motors are generally high-torque power servos and mounted directly to a lead screw of a table or tool slide. Most stepping motors are actuated by magnetic pulses from the stator and rotor assemblies. The net result of this action is that one rotation of the motor shaft produces 200 steps. Connection the motor shaft to a 10-pitch lead screw allows 0.0005-in. movements to be made. Hydraulic servos produce a fluid pressure that flows through gears or pistons to effect shaft rotation. Mechanical motion of lead screws and slides is accomplished through various values and controls from these hydraulic motors. However, they are more expensive and noisy. Most larger N/C machines use hydraulic servos.N/C machines that use an open-loop system contain no-feedback signal to ensure that a machine axis has traveled the required distance. That is, if the input received was to move a particular table axis 1.000 in, the servo unit generally moves the table 1.000 in. There is no means for comparing the actual table movement with the input signal, however, The only assurance that the table has actually moved 1.000 in. is the reliability of the servo system used.Open-loop systems are, of course, less expensive than closed-loop systems. A closed-loop system compares the actual output with the input signal and compensates for any errors. A feedback unit actually compares the amount the table has been moved with the input signal. Some feedback units used on closed-loop systems are transducers, electrical or magnetic scales, and synchros. Closed-loop systems greatly increase the reliability of N/C machines. Machining CentersMany of today’s more sophisticated lathes are called machining centers since they are capable of performing, in addition to the normal turning operations, certain milling and drilling operations. Basically, a machining center can be thought of as being a combination turret lathe and milling machine. Additional features are sometimes included by manufacturers to increase the versatility of their machines.Numerical ControlOne of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC). Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools were manually operated and controlled .Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tools, perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills. With manual control, the quality of the product is directly related to and limited to the skills of the operator. Numerical control represents the first major step away from human control of machine tools.Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems through the use of prerecorded, written symbolic instructions. Rather than operating a machine tool, an NC technician writes a program that issues operational instructions to the machine tool. For a machine tool to be numerically controlled, it must be interfaced with a device for accepting and decoding the programmed instructions, known as a reader.Numerical control was developed to overcome the limitation of human operators, and it has done so. Numerical control machines are more accurate than manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the long-run tooling costs are lower. The development of NC led to the development of several other innovations in manufacturing technology:1. Electrical discharge machining.2. Laser cutting.3. Electron beam welding.Numerical control has also made machine tools more versatile than their manually operated predecessors. An NC machine tool can automatically produce a wide variety of parts, each involving an assortment of widely varied and complex machining processes. Numerical control has allowed manufacturers to undertake the production of products that would not have been feasible from an economic perspective using manually controlled machine tools and processes. Like so many advanced technologies, NC was born in the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The concept of NC was developed in the early 1950s with funding provided by the U. S. Air force. In its earliest stages, NC machines were able to make straight cuts efficiently and effectively.However, curved paths were a problem because the machine tool had to be programmed to undertake a series of horizontal and vertical steps to produce a curve. The shorter is the straight lines making up the steps, the smoother is the curve. Each line segment in the steps had to be calculated.This problem led to the development in 1959 of the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language. This is a special programming language for NC that uses statements similar to English language to define the part geometry, describe the cutting tool configuration, and specify the necessary motions. The development of the APT language was a major step forward in the further development of NC technology. The original NC systems were vastly different from those used today. The machines had hardwired logic circuits. The instructional programs were written on punched paper, which was later to be replaced by magnetic plastic tape. A tape reader was used to interpret the instructions written on the tape for the machine. Together, all of this represented a giant step forward in the control of machine tools. However, there were a numberof problems with NC at this point in its development.A major problem was the fragility of the punched paper tape medium. It was common for the paper tape containing the programmed instructions to break or tear during a machining process. This problem was exacerbated by the fact that each successive time a part was produced on a machine tool, the paper tape carrying the programmed instructions had to be rerun through the reader. If it was necessary to produce 100 copies of a given part, it was also necessary to run the paper tape through the reader 100 separate times. Fragile paper tapes simply could not withstand the rigors of a shop floor environment and this kind of repeated use.This led to the development of a special magnetic plastic tape. Whereas the paper tape carried the programmed instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instructions as a series of magnetic dots. The plastic tape was much stronger than the paper taps, which solved the problem of frequent tearing and breakage. However, it still left two other problems.The most important of these was that it was difficult or impossible to change the instructions entered on the tape. To make even the most minor adjustments in a program of instructions, it was necessary to interrupt machining operations and make a new tape .It was also still necessary to run the tape through the reader as many times as there were parts to be produced. Fortunately, computer technology became a reality and soon solved the problems of NC associated with punched paper and plastic tape.The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions. In direct numerical control .machine tools are tied, via a data transmission link, to a host computer. Programs for operating the machine tools are stored in the host computer and fed to the machine tool as needed via the data transmission linkage. Direct numerical control represented a major step forward over punched tape and plastic tape. However, it is subject to the same limitations as all technologies that depend on a host computer. When the lost computer goes down, the machine tools also experience downtime. This problem led to the development of computer numerical control.The development of the microprocessor allowed for the development of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and microcomputers. These two technologies allowed for the development of computer numerical control (CNC).With CNC, each machine tool has a PLC or a microcomputer that serves the same purpose. This allows programs to be input and stored at each individual machine tool. It also allows programs to be developed off-line and downloaded at the individual machine tool. CNC solved the problems associated with downtime of the hostcomputer, but it introduced another known as data management. The same program might be loaded on ten different microcomputers with no communication among them. This problem is in the process of being solved by local area networks that connect microcomputers for better data management.Cutting Tool GeometryShape of cutting tools, particularly the angles, and tool material are very important factors. Angles determine greatly not only tool life but finish quality as well. General principles upon which cutting tool angles are based do not depend on the particular tool, Basically, the same considerations hold true whether a lathe tool, a milling cutter, a drill, or even a grinding wheel are being designed. Since, however the lathe tool, depicted in Fig. 18.1, might be easiest to visualize, its geometry is discussed.Tool features have been identified by many names. The technical literature is full of confusing terminology. Thus in the attempt to cleat up existing disorganized conceptions and nomenclature, this American Society of Mechanical Engineers published ASA Standard B5-22-1950. What follows is based on it.A single-point tool is a cutting tool having one face and one continuous cutting edge, Tool angles identified in Fig. 18.2 are as follows:Tool angle 1, on front view, is the back-rank angle. It is the angle between the tool face and a line parallel to the tool base of the shank in a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the tool base. When this angle is downward from front to rear of the cutting edge, the rake is positive; when upward from front to black, the rake is negative. This angle is most significant in the machining process, because it directly affects the cutting force, finish, and tool life.The side-rake angle, numbered 2, measures the slope of the face on a cross plane perpendicular to the tool base. It, also, is an important angle, because it directs chip flow to the side of the tool post and permits the tool to feed more easily into the work.The end-relief angle is measured between a line perpendicular to the base and the end flank immediately below the end cutting edge; it is numbered 3 in the figure. It provides clearance between work and tool so that its cut surface can flow by with minimum rubbing against the tool. To save time, a portion of the end flank of the tool may sometimes be lest unground, having been previously forged to size. In such case, this end-clearance angle, numbered 4, measured to the end flank surface below the ground portion, would be larger than the relief angle.Often the end cutting edge is oblique to the flank. The relief angle is then best measured in a plane normal to the end cutting edge angle. Relief is also expressed as viewed from side andend of the tool.The side-relief angle, indicated as 5, is measured between the side flank, just below the cutting edge, and a line through the cutting edge perpendicular to the base of the tool. This clearance permits the tool to advance more smoothly into the work.Angle 6 is the end-cutting-edge angle measured between the end cutting edge and a line perpendicular to the side of the tool shank. This angle prevents rubbing of the cut surface and permits longer tool file.The side-cutting-edge angle, numbered 7, is the angle between the side cutting edge and the side of the tool shank. The true length of cut is along this edge. Thus the angel determines the distribution of the cutting forces. The greater the angle, the longer the tool life; but the possibility of charter increases. A compromise must, as usual, be reached.The nose angle, number 8, is the angle between the two component cutting edges. If the corner is rounded off, the arc size is defined by the nose radius 9. The radius size influences finish and chatter.Sand CastingThe first stage in the production of sand castings must be the design and manufacture of a suitable pattern. Casting patterns are generally made from hard word and the pattern has to be made larger than the finished casting size to allow for the shrinkage that takes place during solidification and cooling. The extent of this shrinkage varies with the type of metal or alloy to be cast. For all but the simplest shapes the pattern will be made in two or more pieces to facilitate moulding. If a hollow casting is to be made the pattern design will include extension pieces so that spaces to accept the sand core are moulded into sand. These additional spaces in the mould are termed core prints.Sand moulds for the production of small and medium-sized castings are made in a moulding box. The mould is made in two or more parts in order that the pattern may be removed.The drag half of the mould box is placed on a flat firm board and the drag half of the pattern placed in position. Facing sand is sprinkled over the pattern and then the mould box is filled with moulding sand. The sand is rammed firmly around the pattern. This process of filling and ramming may be done by hand but mould production is automated in a large foundry with the mould boxes moving along a conveyor, firstly to be filled with sand from hoppers and then to pass under mechanical hammers for ramming. When ramming of the sand is complete, excess sand is removed to leave a smooth surface flush with the edges of the moulding box.The completed drag is now turned over and the upper, or cope, portion of the moulding box positioned over it. The cope half of the pattern is placed in position, correct alignment beingensured by means of small dowel pins. Patterns for the necessary feeder, runner and risers are also placed so as to give an even distribution of metal into the mould cavity. The risers should coincide with the highest readily escape from the mould. The sizes of risers should be such that the metal in them does not freeze too rapidly. An important function of a riser is to act as reservoir of liquid metal to feed solidification within the mould. A thin coating of dry parting sand is sprinkled into mould at this stage. This is to prevent the cope and drag sticking together when the cope half is moulded. The cope is now filled with moulding sand and this is rammed firmly into shape in the same manner as in the making of the drag.After the ramming of sand in the cope is completed the two halves of the moulding box are carefully separated. At this stage venting of the moulding box are carefully separated. At this stage venting of the mould can be done, if necessary, to increase the permeability of the mould. After venting the patterns are carefully removed from both cope and drag, and a gate or gates are carefully cut to connect the runner channel with the main cavity. Gates should be sited to allow or entry into mould with a minimum of turbulence. Any loose sand is gently blown away and if a core is to be used it the cope upon the drag and it is then ready for use. Liquid metal is poured smoothly into the mould via the feeder. Pouring ceases when liquid metal appears at the top of the risers and the feeder channel is also full.When the metal that has been poured into a sand mould has fully solidified the mould is broken and casting is removed. The casting still has the runner and risers attached to it and there will be sand adhering to portions of the surface. Runners and risers are cut off and returned to the melting furnace. Sand cores are broken and adherent sand is cleaned from the surface by vibration or by sand blasting with dry sand. Any fins or metal flash formed at mould parting lines are removed by grinding and the castings are then ready for inspection.The main Elements of Horizontal Milling MachinesColumn and baseThe column and base form the foundation of the complete machine. Both are made from cast iron, designed with thick sections to ensure complete rigidity and freedom form vibration. The base, upon which the column is mounted, is also the cutting-fluid reservoir and contains the pump to circulate the fluid to cutting area.The column contains the spindle, accurately located in precision bearings. The spindle id driven through a gearbox from a vee-belt drive from the electric motor housed at the base of column. The gearbox enables a range of spindle speeds to be selected. In the model shown, twelve spindle speeds from 32 to 1400rev/min are available. The front of column carries the guideways upon which the knee is located and guided in a vertical direction.KneeThe knee, mounted on the column guideways, provides the vertical movement of the table. Power feed is available, through a gearbox mounted on the side, from a separate built-in motor, providing a range of twelve feed rates from 12 to 250mm/min. Drive is through a leadscrew, whose bottom end is fixed to machine base. Provision is made to raise and lower the knee by hand through a leadscrew and nut operates by a handwheel at the front. The knee has guideways on its top surface giving full-width support to the saddle and guiding it in a transverse direction. lock is provided to clamp the knee in any vertical position on the column.SaddleThe saddle, mounted on the knee guideways, providers the transverse movement of the table. Power feed is provided through the gearbox on the knee. A range of twelve feeds is available, from 12 to 500mm/min. Alternative hand movement is provided through a leadscrew and nut by a hand heel at the front of the knee.Camping of saddle to the knee is achieved by two clamps on the side of the saddle.The saddle has dovetail gun its upper surface, at right angles to the knee guideways, to provide a guide to the table in a longitudinal direction.TableThe table provides the surface upon which all workpieces and workholding equipment are located and clamped. A series of tee slots is provided for this purpose. The dovetail guides on undersurface locate in the guideways on the saddle, giving straight-line movement to the table in longitudinal direction at right angles to the saddle movement.Power feed is provided from the knee gearbox, through the saddle, to the table leadscrew. Alternative hand feed is provided by a handwheel at each end of the table. Stops at the front of the table can be set to disengage the longitudinal feed automatically in each direction.SpindleThe spindle, accurately mounted in precision bearings, provides the drive for the milling cutters. Cutters can be mounted straight on the spindle nose or in curter-holding devices which in turn are mounted in the spindle, held in position by a drawbolt passing the hold spindle. Spindles of milling machines have a standard spindle nose to allow for easy interchange of cutters and cutter-holding devices. The bore of the nose is tapered to provide accurate location, the angle of taper being 1. The diameter of the taper depends on the size of the machine and may be 30,40,or 50 IST. Due to their steepness of angle, there tapers –known as non-stick or self-releasing- cannot be relied upon to transmit the drive to the cutter or cutter-holding device. Two driving keys are provided to transmit the drive.Overarm and arbor supportDue to the length of arbors used, support is required at the outer end to prevent deflection when cutting takes place. Support is provided by an arbor-support bracket, clamped to an overarm which is mounted on top of the column in a dovetail slide. The overarm is adjustable in or out for different lengths of arbor, or can be fully pushed in when arbor support is not required. Two clamping bolts are support is located in the overarm dovetail and is locked by which the arbor runs during splindle rotation.中文译文数控机床的组成部分数控机床的组成部分包括测量系统、控制系统、伺服系统及开环或闭环系统，在对数控零件进行实际程序设计之前，了解各组成部分是重要的。
数控加工中常见设备的中英文对照
nc milling 数控铣床nc turning 数控车床nc grinding 数控磨穿turning center 车削中心（1）：按英文字母排序3-Jaws indexing spacers 三爪、分割工具头A.T.C.system 加工中心机刀库Boring heads 搪孔头Boring machines 镗床Casting,aluminium 铸铝Casting,copper 铸铜Casting,gray iron 铸灰口铁Casting,malleable iron 可锻铸铁Casting,steel 铸钢Chamfer machines 倒角机Clamping/holding systems 夹具/支持系统CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机CNC boring machines 电脑数控镗床CNC drilling machines 电脑数控钻床CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC electric discharge machines 电脑数控电火花机CNC engraving machines 电脑数控雕刻机CNC grinding machines 电脑数控磨床CNC lathes 电脑数控车床CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控机床配件CNC milling machines 电脑数控铣床CNC shearing machines 电脑数控剪切机CNC toolings CNC刀杆CNC wire-cutting machines 电脑数控线切削机Coolers 冷却机Cutters 刀具Diamond cutters 钻石刀具Die casting dies 压铸冲模Die casting machines 压铸机Disposable toolholder bits 舍弃式刀头Drilling machines 钻床Drilling machines bench 钻床工作台Drilling machines,high-speed 高速钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle 多轴钻床Drilling machines,radial 摇臂钻床Drilling machines,vertical 立式钻床drills 钻头Electric discharge machines(EDM) 电火花机Electric power tools 电动刀具Engraving machines 雕刻机Engraving machines,laser 激光雕刻机Etching machines 蚀刻机Fixture 夹具Forging,aluminium 锻铝Forging,cold 冷锻Forging,copper 铜锻Forging,other 其他锻造Forging,steel 钢锻Foundry equipment 铸造设备Gear cutting machines 齿轮切削机Gears 齿轮Grinder bench 磨床工作台Grinders,thread 螺纹磨床Grinders,tools & cutters 工具磨床Grinding machines 磨床Grinding machines,centerless 无心磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical 外圆磨床Grinding machines,universal 万能磨床Grinding tools 磨削工具Grinding wheels 磨轮Hand tools 手工具Honing machines 搪磨机Hydraulic components 液压元件Hydraulic power tools 液压工具Hydraulic power units 液压动力元件Hydraulic rotary cylinders 液压回转缸Jigs 钻模Lapping machines,centerless 无心精研机Lathe bench 车床工作台Lathes,automatic 自动车床Lathes,heavy-duty 重型车床Lathes,high-speed 高速车床Lathes,turret 六角车床Lathes,vertical 立式车床Lubricants 润滑液Lubrication Systems 润滑系统Machining centers,general 通用加工中心Machining centers,horizontal 卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical 卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical 立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type 立式双柱加工中心Magnetic tools 磁性工具Milling heads 铣头Milling machines 铣床Milling machines,bed type 床身式铣床Milling machines,duplicating 仿形铣床Milling machines,horizontal 卧式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical 六角立式铣床Milling machines,universal 万能铣床Milling machines,vertical 立式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal 立式及卧式铣床Mold repair 模具维修Molds 模具Nail making machines 造钉机Oil coolers 油冷却器Planing machines 刨床Pneumatic power tools 气动工具Powder metallurgic forming machines 粉末冶金成型机Sawing machines 锯床Sawing machines,band 带锯床Saws,band 带锯Saws,hack 弓锯Saws,horizontal band 卧式带锯Saws,vertical band 立式带锯shafts 轴Shapers 牛头刨床Shearing machines 剪切机Slotting machines 插床spindles 主轴Tapping machines 攻螺丝机Vises 虎钳Vises,tool-maker 精密平口钳Wheel dressers 砂轮修整器（2）按中文拼音字母排序铝轮冒口切断机Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels 离心压力机Presses,eccentric六角立式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical六角车床Lathes,turret螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Bolts,screws & nuts螺纹磨床Grinders,thread冷却机Coolers冷锻Forging,cold冷锻冲压机Presses,cold forging立式双柱加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type立式铣床Milling machines,vertical立式油压拉床Vertical hydraulic broaching machine立式刨床Planing machines vertical立式车床Lathes,vertical立式带锯Saws,vertical band立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical立式及卧式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal立式钻床Drilling machines,vertical联轴器Coupling连续溶解保温炉Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces 连续冲模Dies-progressive链传动Chain drive切断机Cutting-off machinesCNC刀杆CNC toolings曲柄压力机presses,crank修整机Finishing machines舍弃式刀头Disposable toolholder bits润滑系统Lubrication Systems润滑液Lubricants熔热处理炉Heating treatment funaces三爪、分割工具头3-Jaws indexing spacers 伺服冲床Presses,servo输送链Conveying chains手工具Hand tools砂轮修整器Wheel dressers蚀刻机Etching machines外圆磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical搪磨机Honing machines搪孔头Boring heads卧式铣床Milling machines,horizontal卧式带锯Saws,horizontal band卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical万能铣床Milling machines,universal万能磨床Grinding machines,universal镗床Boring machines弯曲机Bending machines弯管机Tube bending machines通用加工中心Machining centers,general铜锻Forging,copper铣头Milling heads铣床Milling machines无心磨床Grinding machines,centerless无心精研机Lapping machines,centerless压模Pressing dies压铸冲模Die casting dies压铸机Die casting machines油冷却器Oil coolers造链机Chain making tools造线机Cable making tools造钉机Nail making machines印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统PCB fine piecing systems摇臂钻床Drilling machines,radial硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant辗压机Rolling machines液压元件Hydraulic components液压冲床Presses,hydraulic液压动力元件Hydraulic power units液压工具Hydraulic power tools液压回转缸Hydraulic rotary cylindersP型PVC高分子防水P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant刨床Planing machines牛头刨床Shapers其他铸造Casting,other其他锻造Forging,other模芯Mold core模具Molds模具维修Mold repair模具打磨/磨纹Mold polishing/texturing模具单元Mold & die components模具加热器/冷却器Mold heaters/chillers磨轮Grinding wheels磨削工具Grinding tools磨床Grinding machines磨床工作台Grinder bench平衡设备Balancing equipment气油压虎钳Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气动冲床Presses,pneumatic气动工具Pneumatic power tools轴shafts轴承Bearings轴承配件Bearing fittings轴承加工机Bearing processing equipment 肘杆式压力机Presses,knuckle joint铸铝Casting,aluminium铸铜Casting,copper铸造设备Foundry equipment铸钢Casting,steel铸灰口铁Casting,gray iron织麦激光切割机Woven-Cutting machines 重力铸造机Gravity casting machines重型车床Lathes,heavy-duty主轴spindles扳手Wrenches拔丝机Drawing machines保温炉Heat preserving furnaces插床Slotting machines齿轮Gears齿轮切削机Gear cutting machines冲压机Stamping parts冲子研磨器Punch formers超声波打磨机Grinders,ultrasonic车床工作台Lathe bench磁性工具Magnetic tools传动链Transmitted chains床身式铣床Milling machines,bed type带传动Belt drive带锯Saws,band带锯床Sawing machines,band电脑数控镗床CNC boring machines电脑数控弯折机CNC bending presses电脑数控铣床CNC milling machines电脑数控线切削机CNC wire-cutting machines电脑数控磨床CNC grinding machines电脑数控车床CNC lathes电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花机CNC electric discharge machines电脑数控雕刻机CNC engraving machines电脑数控机床配件CNC machine tool fittings电脑数控剪切机CNC shearing machines电脑数控钻床CNC drilling machines电动刀具Electric power tools电火花机Electric discharge machines(EDM)雕刻机Engraving machines刀片Blades刀具Cutters倒角机Chamfer machines多轴钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle锻铝Forging,aluminium锻压机Presses,forging锻模Forging dies仿形铣床Milling machines,duplicating粉末冶金成型机Powder metallurgic forming machines反射炉Reverberatory furnaces钢锻Forging,steel高速车床Lathes,high-speed高速钻床Drilling machines,high-speed管筒制造机Pipe & tube making machines滚筒Rollers工具磨床Grinders,tools & cutters攻螺丝机Tapping machines弓锯Saws,hack虎钳Vises换模系统Mold changing systems夹盘Chucks夹具Fixture夹具/支持系统Clamping/holding systems剪切机Shearing machines加工中心机刀库A.T.C.system激光切割Laser cutting激光雕刻机Engraving machines,laser激光钢板切割机Laser cutting for SMT stensil 集合管Manifolds矫直机Straightening machines金属板成型机Sheet metal forming machines 金属板加工机Sheet metal working machines 锯片Blades,saw锯床Sawing machines卷边工具Crimping tools晶圆切割机Dicing saws精密平口钳Vises,tool-maker精研机Lapping machines可锻铸铁Casting,malleable iron快速换模系统Quick mold change systems 卡口Bayonet开关及按钮Switches & buttons钻石刀具Diamond cutters钻头drills钻模Jigs钻床Drilling machines钻床工作台Drilling machines bench自动压力机Presses,transfer 自动车床Lathes,automatic注油机Lubricators转台Rotary tables。
数控机床外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
数控机床外文文献翻译、中英文翻译原文一CNC machine toolsOutdate, J. and Joe, J. Configuration Synthesis of Machining Centers with Tool，JohnWiley & sons, 2001While the specific intention and application for CNC machines vary from one machine type to another, all forms of CNC have common benefits. Here are but a few of the more important benefits offered by CNC equipment.The first benefit offered by all forms of CNC machine tools is improved automation. The operator intervention related to producing work pieces can be reduced or eliminated. Many CNC machines can run unattended during their entire machining cycle, freeing the operator to do other tasks. This gives the CNC user several side benefits including reduced operator fatigue, fewer mistakes caused by human error, and consistent and predictable machining time for each work piece. Since the machine will be running under program control, the skill level required of the CNC operator (related to basic machining practice) is also reduced as compared to a machinist producing work pieces with conventional machine tools.The second major benefit of CNC technology is consistent and accurate work pieces. T oday's CNC machines boast almost unbelievable accuracy and repeatability specifications. This means that once a program is verified, two, ten, or one thousand identical work pieces can be easily produced with precision and consistency.A third benefit offered by most forms of CNC machine toolsis flexibility. Since these machines are run from programs, running a different workpiece is almost as easy as loading a different program. Once a program has been verified and executed for one production run, it can be easily recalled the next time the workpiece is to be run. This leads to yet another benefit, fast change over. Since these machines are very easy to set up and run, and since programs can be easily loaded, they allow very short setup time. This is imperative with today's just-in-time (JIT) product requirements.Motion control - the heart of CNCThe most basic function of any CNC machine is automatic, precise, and consistent motion control. Rather than applying completely mechanical devices to cause motion as is required on most conventional machine tools, CNC machines allow motion control in a revolutionary manner2. All forms of CNC equipment have two or more directions of motion, called axes. These axes can be precisely and automatically positioned along their lengths of travel. The two most common axis types are linear (driven along a straight path) and rotary (driven along a circular path).Instead of causing motion by turning cranks and handwheels as is required on conventional machine tools, CNC machines allow motions to be commanded through programmed commands. Generally speaking, the motion type (rapid, linear, and circular), the axes to move, the amount of motion and the motion rate (federate) are programmable with almost all CNC machine tools.A CNC command executed within the control tells the drive motor to rotate a precise number of times. The rotation of the drive motor in turn rotates the ball screw.And the ball screw drives the linear axis (slide). A feedbackdevice (linear scale) on the slide allows the control to confirm that the commanded number of rotations has taken place3. Refer to fig.1.fig.1 typical drive system of a CNC machine toolThough a rather crude analogy, the same basic linear motion can be found on a common table vise. As you rotate the vise crank, you rotate a lead screw that, in turn, drives the movable jaw on the vise. By comparison, a linear axis on a CNC machine tool is extremely precise. The number of revolutions of the axis drive motor precisely controls the amount of linear motion along the axis.How axis motion is commanded - understanding coordinate systemsIt would be infeasible for the CNC user to cause axis motion by trying to tell each axis drive motor how many times to rotate in order to command a given linear motion amount4. (This would be like having to figure out how many turns of the handle on a table vise will cause the movable jaw to move exactly one inch!) Instead, all CNC controls allow axis motion to be commanded in a much simpler and more logical way by utilizing some form of coordinate system. The two most popular coordinate systems used with CNC machines are the rectangular coordinate system and the polar coordinate system. By far, the more popular of these two is the rectangular coordinate system.The program zero point establishes the point of reference for motion commands in a CNC program. This allows the programmer to specify movements from a common location. If program zero is chosen wisely, usually coordinates needed forthe program can be taken directly from the print.With this technique, if the programmer wishes the tool to be sent to a position one inch to the right of the program zero point, X1.0 is commanded. If the programmer wishes the tool to move to a position one inch above the program zero point, Y1.0 is commanded. The control will automatically determine how many times to rotate each axis drive motor and ball screw to make the axis reach the commanded destination point . This lets the programmer command axis motion in a very logical manner. Refer to fig.2, 3.fig.2, 3.Understanding absolute versus incremental motionAll discussions to this point assume that the absolute mode of programming is used6. The most common CNC word used to designate the absolute mode is G90. In the absolute mode, the end points for all motions will be specified from the program zero point. For beginners, this is usually the best and easiest method of specifying end points for motion commands. However, there is another way of specifying end points for axis motion.In the incremental mode (commonly specified by G91), endpoints for motions are specified from the tool's current position, not from program zero. With this method of commanding motion, the programmer must always be asking "How far should I move the tool?" While there are times when the incremental mode can be very helpful, generally speaking, this is the more cumbersome and difficult method of specifying motion and beginners should concentrate on using the absolute mode.Be careful when making motion commands. Beginners have the tendency to think incrementally. If working in the absolute mode (as beginners should), the programmer should always be asking "To what position should the tool be moved?" This position is relative to program zero, NOT from the tools current position.Aside from making it very easy to determine the current position for any command, another benefit of working in the absolute mode has to do with mistakes made during motion commands. In the absolute mode, if a motion mistake is made in one command of the program, only one movement will be incorrect. On the other hand, if a mistake is made during incremental movements, all motions from the point of the mistake will also be incorrect.Assigning program zeroKeep in mind that the CNC control must be told the location of the program zero point by one means or another. How this is done varies dramatically from one CNC machine and control to another8. One (older) method is to assign program zero in the program. With this method, the programmer tells the control how far it is from the program zero point to the starting position of the machine. This is commonly done with a G92 (or G50) command at least at the beginning of the program and possiblyat the beginning of each tool.Another, newer and better way to assign program zero is through some form of offset. Refer to fig.4. Commonly machining center control manufacturers call offsets used to assign program zero fixture offsets. Turning center manufacturers commonly call offsets used to assign program zero for each tool geometry offsets.fig.4 assign program zero through G54Flexible manufacturing cellsA flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) can be considered as a flexible manufacturing subsystem. The following differences exist between the FMC and the FMS:1.An FMC is not under the direct control of thecentral computer. Instead, instructions from the centralcomputer are passed to the cell controller.2.The cell is limited in the number of part families itcan manufacture.The following elements are normally found in an FMC:Cell controllerProgrammable logic controller (PLC)More than one machine toolA materials handling device (robot or pallet)The FMC executes fixed machining operations with parts flowing sequentially between operations.High speed machiningThe term High Speed Machining (HSM) commonly refers to end milling at high rotational speeds and high surface feeds. For instance, the routing of pockets in aluminum airframe sections with a very high material removal rate1. Refer to fig.5 for the cutting data designations and for mulas. Over the past 60 years, HSM has been applied to a wide range of metallic and non-metallic workpiece materials, including the production of components with specific surface topography requirements and machining of materials with hardness of 50 HRC and above. With most steel components hardened to approximately 32-42 HRC, machining options currently include:Fig.5 cutting datarough machining and semi-finishing of the material in its soft (annealed) condition heat treatment to achieve the final required hardness = 63 HRC machining of electrodes and Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of specific parts of dies and moulds (specifically small radii and deep cavities with limited accessibility for metal cutting tools) finishing and super-finishing of cylindrical/flat/cavity surfaces with appropriate cemented carbide, cermets, solid carbide, mixed ceramic or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN)For many components, the production process involves acombination of these options and in the case of dies and moulds it also includes time consuming hand finishing. Consequently, production costs can be high and lead times excessive.It is typical in the die and mould industry to produce one or just a few tools of the same design. The process involves constant changes to the design, and because of these changes there is also a corresponding need for measuring and reverse engineering.The main criteria are the quality level of the die or mould regarding dimensional, geometric and surface accuracy. If the quality level after machining is poor and if it cannot meet the requirements, there will be a varying need of manual finishing work. This work produces satisfactory surface accuracy, but it always has a negative impact on the dimensional and geometric accuracy.One of the main aims for the die and mould industry has been, and still is, to reduce or eliminate the need for manual polishing and thus improve the quality and shorten the production costs and lead times.Main economical and technical factors for the development of HSMSurvivalThe ever increasing competition in the marketplace is continually setting new standards. The demands on time and cost efficiency is getting higher and higher. This has forced the development of new processes and production techniques to take place. HSM provides hope and solutions...MaterialsThe development of new, more difficult to machine materials has underlined the necessity to find new machining solutions.The aerospace industry has its heat resistant and stainless steel alloys. The automotive industry has different bimetal compositions, Compact Graphite Iron and an ever increasing volume of aluminum3. The die and mould industry mainly has to face the problem of machining high hardened tool steels, from roughing to finishing.QualityThe demand for higher component or product quality is the result of ever increasing competition. HSM, if applied correctly, offers a number of solutions in thisarea. Substitution of manual finishing is one example, which is especially important on dies and moulds or components with a complex 3D geometry.ProcessesThe demands on shorter throughput times via fewer setups and simplified flows (logistics) can in most cases, be solved by HSM. A typical target within the die and mould industry is to completely machine fully hardened small sized tools in one setup. Costly and time consuming EDM processes can also be reduced or eliminated with HSM.Design & developmentOne of the main tools in today's competition is to sell products on the value of novelty. The average product life cycle on cars today is 4 years, computers and accessories 1.5 years, hand phones 3 months... One of the prerequisites of this development of fast design changes and rapid product development time is the HSM technique.Complex productsThere is an increase of multi-functional surfaces on components, such as new design of turbine blades giving newand optimized functions and features. Earlier designs allowed polishing by hand or with robots (manipulators). Turbine blades with new, more sophisticated designs have to be finished via machining and preferably by HSM . There are also more and more examples of thin walled workpiece that have to be machined (medical equipment, electronics, defense products, computer parts).Production equipmentThe strong development of cutting materials, holding tools, machine tools, controls and especially CAD/CAM features and equipment, has opened possibilities that must be met with new production methods and techniques5.Definition of HSMSalomon's theory, "Machining with high cutting speeds..." on which, in 1931, took out a German patent, assumes that "at a certain cutting speed (5-10 times higher than in conventional machining), the chip removal temperature at the cutting edge will start to decrease...".See fig.6.Fig.6 chip removal temperature as a result of the cutting speedGiven the conclusion:" ... seems to give a chance to improve productivity in machining with conventional tools at high cutting speeds..."Modern research, unfortunately, has not been able to verifythis theory totally. There is a relative decrease of the temperature at the cutting edge that starts at certain cutting speeds for different materials.The decrease is small for steel and cast iron. But larger for aluminum and other non-ferrous metals. The definition of HSM must be based on other factors.Given today's technology, "high speed" is generally accepted to mean surface speeds between 1 and 10 kilometers perminute, or roughly 3 300 to 33 000 feet per minute. Speeds above 10 km/min are in the ultra-high speed category, and are largely the realm of experimental metal cutting. Obviously, the spindle rotations required to achieve these surface cutting speeds are directly related to the diameter of the tools being used. One trend which is very evident today is the use of very large cutter diameters for these applications - and this has important implications for tool design.There are many opinions, many myths and many different ways to define HSM. Maintenance and troubleshooting Maintenance for a horizontal MCThe following is a list of required regular maintenance for a Horizontal Machining Center as shown in fig.7. Listed are the frequency of service, capacities, and type of fluids required. These required specifications must be followed in order to keep your machine in good working order and protect your warranty.Fig. 7 horizontal machining centerDailyTop off coolant level every eight hour shift (especially during heavy TSC usage).Check way lube lubrication tank level.Clean chips from way covers and bottom pan.Clean chips from tool changer.Wipe spindle taper with a clean cloth rag and apply light oil.WeeklyCheck for proper operation of auto drain on filter regulator. See fig. 8Fig. 8 way lube and pneumaticsOn machines with the TSC option, clean the chip basket on the coolant tank.Remove the tank cover and remove any sediment inside the tank. Be careful to disconnect the coolant pump from the controller and POWER OFF the control before working on the coolant tank. Do this monthly for machines without the TSC option.Check air gauge/regulator for 85 psi.For machines with the TSC option, place a dab of grease on the V-flange of tools. Do this monthly for machines without the TSC option.Clean exterior surfaces with mild cleaner. DO NOT usesolvents.Check the hydraulic counterbalance pressure according to the machine's specifications.Place a dab of grease on the outside edge of the fingers of the tool changer and run through all tools".MonthlyCheck oil level in gearbox. Add oil until oil begins dripping from over flow tube at bottom of sump tank.Clean pads on bottom of pallets.Clean the locating pads on the A-axis and the load station. This requires removing the pallet.Inspect way covers for proper operation and lubricate with light oil, if necessary.Six monthsReplace coolant and thoroughly clean the coolant tank.Check all hoses and lubrication lines for cracking.AnnuallyReplace the gearbox oil. Drain the oil from the gearbox, and slowly refill it with 2 quarts of Mobil DTE 25 oil.Check oil filter and clean out residue at bottom for the lubrication chart.Replace air filter on control box every 2 years.Mineral cutting oils will damage rubber based components throughout the machine.TroubleshootingThis section is intended for use in determining the solution to a known problem. Solutions given are intended to give the individual servicing the CNC a pattern to follow in, first, determining the problem's source and, second, solving the problem.Use common senseMany problems are easily overcome by correctly evaluating the situation. All machine operations are composed of a program, tools, and tooling. You must look at all three before blaming one as the fault area. If a bored hole is chattering because of an overextended boring bar, don't expect the machine to correct the fault.Don't suspect machine accuracy if the vise bends the part. Don't claim hole miss-positioning if you don't first center-drill the hole.Find the problem firstMany mechanics tear into things before they understand the problem, hoping that it will appear as they go. We know this from the fact that more than half of all warranty returned parts are in good working order. If the spindle doesn't turn, remember that the spindle is connected to the gear box, which is connected to the spindle motor, which is driven by the spindle drive, which is connected to the I/O BOARD, which is driven by the MOCON, which is driven by the processor. The moral here is doing replace the spindle drives if the belt is broken. Find the problem first; don't just replace the easiest part to get to.Don tinker with the machineThere are hundreds of parameters, wires, switches, etc., that you can change in this machine. Don't start randomly changing parts and parameters. Remember, there is a good chance that if you change something, you will incorrectly install it or break something else in the process6. Consider for a moment changing the processor's board. First, you have to download all parameters, remove a dozen connectors, replace the board, reconnect and reload, and if you make one mistake or bend one tiny pin itWON'T WORK. You always need to consider the risk of accidentally damaging the machine anytime you work on it. It is cheap insurance to double-check a suspect part before physically changing it. The less work you do on the machine the better.译文一数控机床虽然各种数控机床的功能和应用各不相同，但它们有着共同的优点。
数控机床中英文对照表
Jaws indexing spacers 三爪、分割工具头A.T.C.system 加工中心机刀库Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces 连续溶解保温炉Balancing equipment 平衡设备Bayonet 卡口Bearing fittings 轴承配件Bearing processing equipment 轴承加工机Bearings 轴承Belt drive 带传动Bending machines 弯曲机Blades 刀片Blades,saw 锯片Bolts,screws & nuts 螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Boring heads 搪孔头Boring machines 镗床Cable making tools 造线机Casting,aluminium 铸铝Casting,copper 铸铜Casting,gray iron 铸灰口铁Casting,malleable iron 可锻铸铁Casting,other 其他铸造Casting,steel 铸钢Chain drive 链传动Chain making tools 造链机Chamfer machines 倒角机Chucks 夹盘Clamping/holding systems 夹具/支持系统CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机CNC boring machines 电脑数控镗床CNC drilling machines 电脑数控钻床CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC electric discharge machines 电脑数控电火花机CNC engraving machines 电脑数控雕刻机CNC grinding machines 电脑数控磨床CNC lathes 电脑数控车床CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控机床配件CNC milling machines 电脑数控铣床CNC shearing machines 电脑数控剪切机CNC toolings CNC刀杆CNC wire-cutting machines 电脑数控线切削机Conveying chains 输送链Coolers 冷却机Coupling 联轴器Crimping tools 卷边工具Cutters 刀具Cutting-off machines 切断机Diamond cutters 钻石刀具Dicing saws 晶圆切割机Die casting dies 压铸冲模Die casting machines 压铸机Dies-progressive 连续冲模Disposable toolholder bits 舍弃式刀头Drawing machines 拔丝机Drilling machines 钻床Drilling machines bench 钻床工作台Drilling machines,high-speed 高速钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle 多轴钻床Drilling machines,radial 摇臂钻床Drilling machines,vertical 立式钻床drills 钻头Electric discharge machines(EDM) 电火花机Electric power tools 电动刀具Engraving machines 雕刻机Engraving machines,laser 激光雕刻机Etching machines 蚀刻机Finishing machines 修整机Fixture 夹具Forging dies 锻模Forging,aluminium 锻铝Forging,cold 冷锻Forging,copper 铜锻Forging,other 其他锻造Forging,steel 钢锻Foundry equipment 铸造设备Gear cutting machines 齿轮切削机Gears 齿轮Gravity casting machines 重力铸造机Grinder bench 磨床工作台Grinders,thread 螺纹磨床Grinders,tools & cutters 工具磨床Grinders,ultrasonic 超声波打磨机Grinding machines 磨床Grinding machines,centerless 无心磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical 外圆磨床Grinding machines,universal 万能磨床Grinding tools 磨削工具Grinding wheels 磨轮Hand tools 手工具Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant 硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Heat preserving furnaces 保温炉Heating treatment funaces 熔热处理炉Honing machines 搪磨机Hydraulic components 液压元件Hydraulic power tools 液压工具Hydraulic power units 液压动力元件Hydraulic rotary cylinders 液压回转缸Jigs 钻模Lapping machines 精研机Lapping machines,centerless 无心精研机Laser cutting 激光切割Laser cutting for SMT stensil 激光钢板切割机Lathe bench 车床工作台Lathes,automatic 自动车床Lathes,heavy-duty 重型车床Lathes,high-speed 高速车床Lathes,turret 六角车床Lathes,vertical 立式车床Lubricants 润滑液Lubrication Systems 润滑系统Lubricators 注油机Machining centers,general 通用加工中心Machining centers,horizontal 卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical 卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical 立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type 立式双柱加工中心Magnetic tools 磁性工具Manifolds 集合管Milling heads 铣头Milling machines 铣床Milling machines,bed type 床身式铣床Milling machines,duplicating 仿形铣床Milling machines,horizontal 卧式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical 六角立式铣床Milling machines,universal 万能铣床Milling machines,vertical 立式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal 立式及卧式铣床Mold & die components 模具单元Mold changing systems 换模系统Mold core 模芯Mold heaters/chillers 模具加热器/冷却器Mold polishing/texturing 模具打磨/磨纹Mold repair 模具维修Molds 模具Nail making machines 造钉机Oil coolers 油冷却器Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels 铝轮冒口切断机P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant P型PVC高分子防水PCB fine piecing systems 印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统Pipe & tube making machines 管筒制造机Planing machines 刨床Planing machines vertical 立式刨床Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气油压虎钳Pneumatic power tools 气动工具Powder metallurgic forming machines 粉末冶金成型机Presses,cold forging 冷锻冲压机presses,crank 曲柄压力机Presses,eccentric 离心压力机Presses,forging 锻压机Presses,hydraulic 液压冲床Presses,knuckle joint 肘杆式压力机Presses,pneumatic 气动冲床Presses,servo 伺服冲床Presses,transfer 自动压力机Pressing dies 压模Punch formers 冲子研磨器Quick die change systems 速换模系统Quick mold change systems 快速换模系统Reverberatory furnaces 反射炉Rollers 滚筒Rolling machines 辗压机Rotary tables 转台Sawing machines 锯床Sawing machines,band 带锯床Saws,band 带锯Saws,hack 弓锯Saws,horizontal band 卧式带锯Saws,vertical band 立式带锯shafts 轴Shapers 牛头刨床Shearing machines 剪切机Sheet metal forming machines 金属板成型机Sheet metal working machines 金属板加工机Slotting machines 插床spindles 主轴Stamping parts 冲压机Straightening machines 矫直机Switches & buttons 开关及按钮Tapping machines 攻螺丝机Transmitted chains 传动链Tube bending machines 弯管机Vertical hydraulic broaching machine 立式油压拉床Vises 虎钳Vises,tool-maker 精密平口钳Wheel dressers 砂轮修整器Woven-Cutting machines 织麦激光切割机Wrenches 扳手（2）：按中文拼音字母排序铝轮冒口切断机Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels离心压力机Presses,eccentric六角立式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical六角车床Lathes,turret螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Bolts,screws & nuts螺纹磨床Grinders,thread冷却机Coolers冷锻Forging,cold冷锻冲压机Presses,cold forging立式双柱加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type立式铣床Milling machines,vertical立式油压拉床Vertical hydraulic broaching machine立式刨床Planing machines vertical立式车床Lathes,vertical立式带锯Saws,vertical band立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical立式及卧式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal立式钻床Drilling machines,vertical联轴器Coupling连续溶解保温炉Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces连续冲模Dies-progressive链传动Chain drive切断机Cutting-off machinesCNC刀杆CNC toolings曲柄压力机presses,crank修整机Finishing machines舍弃式刀头Disposable toolholder bits润滑系统Lubrication Systems润滑液Lubricants熔热处理炉Heating treatment funaces三爪、分割工具头3-Jaws indexing spacers伺服冲床Presses,servo输送链Conveying chains手工具Hand tools砂轮修整器Wheel dressers蚀刻机Etching machines外圆磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical搪磨机Honing machines搪孔头Boring heads卧式铣床Milling machines,horizontal卧式带锯Saws,horizontal band 卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical万能铣床Milling machines,universal万能磨床Grinding machines,universal镗床Boring machines弯曲机Bending machines弯管机Tube bending machines通用加工中心Machining centers,general铜锻Forging,copper铣头Milling heads铣床Milling machines无心磨床Grinding machines,centerless无心精研机Lapping machines,centerless压模Pressing dies压铸冲模Die casting dies压铸机Die casting machines油冷却器Oil coolers造链机Chain making tools造线机Cable making tools造钉机Nail making machines印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统PCB fine piecing systems摇臂钻床Drilling machines,radial硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant辗压机Rolling machines液压元件Hydraulic components液压冲床Presses,hydraulic液压动力元件Hydraulic power units液压工具Hydraulic power tools液压回转缸Hydraulic rotary cylindersP型PVC高分子防水P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant刨床Planing machines牛头刨床Shapers其他铸造Casting,other其他锻造Forging,other模芯Mold core模具Molds模具维修Mold repair模具打磨/磨纹Mold polishing/texturing模具单元Mold & die components模具加热器/冷却器Mold heaters/chillers磨轮Grinding wheels磨削工具Grinding tools磨床Grinding machines磨床工作台Grinder bench平衡设备Balancing equipment气油压虎钳Pneumatic hydraulic clamps气动冲床Presses,pneumatic气动工具Pneumatic power tools轴shafts轴承Bearings轴承配件Bearing fittings轴承加工机Bearing processing equipment肘杆式压力机Presses,knuckle joint铸铝Casting,aluminium铸铜Casting,copper铸造设备Foundry equipment铸钢Casting,steel铸灰口铁Casting,gray iron织麦激光切割机Woven-Cutting machines重力铸造机Gravity casting machines重型车床Lathes,heavy-duty主轴spindles扳手Wrenches拔丝机Drawing machines保温炉Heat preserving furnaces插床Slotting machines齿轮Gears齿轮切削机Gear cutting machines冲压机Stamping parts冲子研磨器Punch formers超声波打磨机Grinders,ultrasonic车床工作台Lathe bench磁性工具Magnetic tools传动链Transmitted chains床身式铣床Milling machines,bed type带传动Belt drive带锯Saws,band带锯床Sawing machines,band电脑数控镗床CNC boring machines电脑数控弯折机CNC bending presses电脑数控铣床CNC milling machines电脑数控线切削机CNC wire-cutting machines电脑数控磨床CNC grinding machines电脑数控车床CNC lathes电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC EDM wire-cutting machines电脑数控电火花机CNC electric discharge machines电脑数控雕刻机CNC engraving machines电脑数控机床配件CNC machine tool fittings电脑数控剪切机CNC shearing machines电脑数控钻床CNC drilling machines电动刀具Electric power tools电火花机Electric discharge machines(EDM) 雕刻机Engraving machines刀片Blades刀具Cutters倒角机Chamfer machines多轴钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle锻铝Forging,aluminium锻压机Presses,forging锻模Forging dies仿形铣床Milling machines,duplicating粉末冶金成型机Powder metallurgic forming machines 反射炉Reverberatory furnaces钢锻Forging,steel高速车床Lathes,high-speed高速钻床Drilling machines,high-speed管筒制造机Pipe & tube making machines滚筒Rollers工具磨床Grinders,tools & cutters攻螺丝机Tapping machines弓锯Saws,hack虎钳Vises换模系统Mold changing systems夹盘Chucks夹具Fixture夹具/支持系统Clamping/holding systems剪切机Shearing machines加工中心机刀库A.T.C.system激光切割Laser cutting激光雕刻机Engraving machines,laser激光钢板切割机Laser cutting for SMT stensil集合管Manifolds矫直机Straightening machines金属板成型机Sheet metal forming machines金属板加工机Sheet metal working machines锯片Blades,saw锯床Sawing machines卷边工具Crimping tools晶圆切割机Dicing saws精密平口钳Vises,tool-maker精研机Lapping machines可锻铸铁Casting,malleable iron快速换模系统Quick mold change systems卡口Bayonet开关及按钮Switches & buttons钻石刀具Diamond cutters钻头drills钻模Jigs钻床Drilling machines钻床工作台Drilling machines bench自动压力机Presses,transfer自动车床Lathes,automatic注油机Lubricators转台Rotary tables3-Jaws indexing spacers 三爪、分割工具头A.T.C.system 加工中心机刀库Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces 连续溶解保温炉Balancing equipment 平衡设备Bayonet 卡口Bearing fittings 轴承配件Bearing processing equipment 轴承加工机Bearings 轴承Belt drive 带传动Bending machines 弯曲机Blades 刀片Blades,saw 锯片Bolts,screws & nuts 螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Boring heads 搪孔头Boring machines 镗床Cable making tools 造线机Casting,aluminium 铸铝Casting,copper 铸铜Casting,gray iron 铸灰口铁Casting,malleable iron 可锻铸铁Casting,other 其他铸造Casting,steel 铸钢Chain drive 链传动Chain making tools 造链机Chamfer machines 倒角机Chucks 夹盘Clamping/holding systems 夹具/支持系统CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机CNC boring machines 电脑数控镗床CNC drilling machines 电脑数控钻床CNC EDMwire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC electric discharge machines 电脑数控电火花机CNC engraving machines 电脑数控雕刻机CNC grinding machines 电脑数控磨床CNC lathes 电脑数控车床CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控机床配件CNC milling machines 电脑数控铣床CNC shearing machines 电脑数控剪切机CNC toolings CNC刀杆CNC wire-cutting machines 电脑数控线切削机Conveying chains 输送链Coolers 冷却机Coupling 联轴器Crimping tools 卷边工具Cutters 刀具Cutting-off machines 切断机Diamond cutters 钻石刀具Dicing saws 晶圆切割机Die casting dies 压铸冲模Die casting machines 压铸机Dies-progressive 连续冲模Disposable toolholder bits 舍弃式刀头Drawing machines 拔丝机Drilling machines 钻床Drilling machines bench 钻床工作台Drilling machines,high-speed 高速钻床Drilling machines,multi-spindle 多轴钻床Drilling machines,radial 摇臂钻床Drilling machines,vertical 立式钻床drills 钻头Electric discharge machines(EDM) 电火花机Electric power tools 电动刀具Engraving machines 雕刻机Engraving machines,laser 激光雕刻机Etching machines 蚀刻机Finishing machines 修整机Fixture 夹具Forging dies 锻模Forging,aluminium 锻铝Forging,cold 冷锻Forging,copper 铜锻Forging,other 其他锻造Forging,steel 钢锻Foundry equipment 铸造设备Gear cutting machines 齿轮切削机Gears 齿轮Gravity casting machines 重力铸造机Grinder bench 磨床工作台Grinders,thread 螺纹磨床Grinders,tools & cutters 工具磨床Grinders,ultrasonic 超声波打磨机Grinding machines 磨床Grinding machines,centerless 无心磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical 外圆磨床Grinding machines,universal 万能磨床Grinding tools 磨削工具Grinding wheels 磨轮Hand tools 手工具Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant 硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Heat preserving furnaces 保温炉Heating treatment funaces 熔热处理炉Honing machines 搪磨机Hydraulic components 液压元件Hydraulic power tools 液压工具Hydraulic power units 液压动力元件Hydraulic rotary cylinders 液压回转缸Jigs 钻模Lapping machines 精研机Lapping machines,centerless 无心精研机Laser cutting 激光切割Laser cutting for SMT stensil 激光钢板切割机Lathe bench 车床工作台Lathes,automatic 自动车床Lathes,heavy-duty 重型车床Lathes,high-speed 高速车床Lathes,turret 六角车床Lathes,vertical 立式车床Lubricants 润滑液Lubrication Systems 润滑系统Lubricators 注油机Machining centers,general 通用加工中心Machining centers,horizontal 卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical 卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical 立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type 立式双柱加工中心Magnetic tools 磁性工具Manifolds 集合管Milling heads 铣头Milling machines 铣床Milling machines,bed type 床身式铣床Milling machines,duplicating 仿形铣床Milling machines,horizontal 卧式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical 六角立式铣床Milling machines,universal 万能铣床Millingmachines,vertical 立式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal 立式及卧式铣床Mold & die components 模具单元Mold changing systems 换模系统Mold core 模芯Mold heaters/chillers 模具加热器/冷却器Moldpolishing/texturing 模具打磨/磨纹Mold repair 模具维修Molds 模具Nail making machines 造钉机Oil coolers 油冷却器Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels 铝轮冒口切断机P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant P型PVC高分子防水PCB fine piecing systems 印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统Pipe & tube making machines 管筒制造机Planing machines 刨床Planing machines vertical 立式刨床Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气油压虎钳Pneumatic power tools 气动工具Powder metallurgic forming machines 粉末冶金成型机Presses,cold forging 冷锻冲压机presses,crank 曲柄压力机Presses,eccentric 离心压力机Presses,forging 锻压机Presses,hydraulic 液压冲床Presses,knuckle joint 肘杆式压力机Presses,pneumatic 气动冲床Presses,servo 伺服冲床Presses,transfer 自动压力机Pressing dies 压模Punch formers 冲子研磨器Quick die change systems 速换模系统Quick mold change systems 快速换模系统Reverberatory furnaces 反射炉Rollers 滚筒Rolling machines 辗压机Rotary tables 转台Sawing machines 锯床Sawing machines,band 带锯床Saws,band 带锯Saws,hack 弓锯Saws,horizontal band 卧式带锯Saws,vertical band 立式带锯shafts 轴Shapers 牛头刨床Shearing machines 剪切机Sheet metal forming machines金属板成型机Sheet metal working machines 金属板加工机Slotting machines 插床spindles 主轴Stamping parts 冲压机Straightening machines 矫直机Switches & buttons 开关及按钮Tapping machines 攻螺丝机Transmitted chains 传动链Tube bending machines 弯管机Vertical hydraulic broaching machine 立式油压拉床Vises 虎钳Vises,tool-maker 精密平口钳Wheel dressers 砂轮修整器Woven-Cutting machines 织麦激光切割机Wrenches 扳手（2）：按中文拼音字母排序铝轮冒口切断机Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels 离心压力机Presses,eccentric六角立式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical 六角车床Lathes,turret螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Bolts,screws & nuts 螺纹磨床Grinders,thread冷却机Coolers 冷锻Forging,cold冷锻冲压机Presses,cold forging 立式双柱加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type立式铣床Milling machines,vertical 立式油压拉床Vertical hydraulic broaching machine立式刨床Planing machines vertical 立式车床Lathes,vertical立式带锯Saws,vertical band 立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical立式及卧式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal 立式钻床Drilling machines,vertical联轴器Coupling 连续溶解保温炉Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces连续冲模Dies-progressive 链传动Chain drive切断机Cutting-off machines CNC刀杆CNC toolings曲柄压力机presses,crank 修整机Finishing machines舍弃式刀头Disposable toolholder bits 润滑系统Lubrication Systems润滑液Lubricants 熔热处理炉Heating treatment funaces 三爪、分割工具头3-Jaws indexing spacers 伺服冲床Presses,servo输送链Conveying chains 手工具Hand tools砂轮修整器Wheel dressers 蚀刻机Etching machines外圆磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical 搪磨机Honing machines搪孔头Boring heads 卧式铣床Milling machines,horizontal 卧式带锯Saws,horizontal band 卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical 万能铣床Milling machines,universal万能磨床Grinding machines,universal 镗床Boring machines弯曲机Bending machines 弯管机Tube bending machines 通用加工中心Machining centers,general 铜锻Forging,copper铣头Milling heads 铣床Milling machines无心磨床Grinding machines,centerless 无心精研机Lapping machines,centerless压模Pressing dies 压铸冲模Die casting dies压铸机Die casting machines 油冷却器Oil coolers造链机Chain making tools 造线机Cable making tools造钉机Nail making machines 印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统PCB fine piecing systems摇臂钻床Drilling machines,radial 硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Hard/soft and free expansion sheet making plant 辗压机Rolling machines 液压元件Hydraulic components 液压冲床Presses,hydraulic 液压动力元件Hydraulic power units液压工具Hydraulic power tools 液压回转缸Hydraulic rotary cylindersP型PVC高分子防水P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant 刨床Planing machines牛头刨床Shapers 其他铸造Casting,other其他锻造Forging,other 模芯Mold core模具Molds 模具维修Mold repair模具打磨/磨纹Mold polishing/texturing 模具单元Mold & die components模具加热器/冷却器Mold heaters/chillers 磨轮Grinding wheels磨削工具Grinding tools 磨床Grinding machines磨床工作台Grinder bench 平衡设备Balancing equipment 气油压虎钳Pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气动冲床Presses,pneumatic气动工具Pneumatic power tools 轴shafts轴承Bearings 轴承配件Bearing fittings轴承加工机Bearing processing equipment 肘杆式压力机Presses,knuckle joint铸铝Casting,aluminium 铸铜Casting,copper铸造设备Foundry equipment 铸钢Casting,steel铸灰口铁Casting,gray iron 织麦激光切割机Woven-Cutting machines重力铸造机Gravity casting machines 重型车床Lathes,heavy-duty主轴spindles 扳手Wrenches拔丝机Drawing machines 保温炉Heat preserving furnaces 插床Slotting machines 齿轮Gears齿轮切削机Gear cutting machines 冲压机Stamping parts 冲子研磨器Punch formers。
常见数控机床报警信息中英文对照
UNCL TOOL FALL（松刀失败）
AIR PRESSURE DROP （压缩空气压力过低）
CLAMP TOOL FALL（夹刀失败）
DRUM NOT PARKED（刀库未在原值）
X ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （X 轴未回零）
POCKET NOT VER./MAG NOT FORWRD
UNCLAMP TOOL HAS NOT COMPLETED
CLAMP TOOL HAS NOT COMPLETED
AIM TOOL NO. IS WRONG
MAGAZINE MOVE LIMIT SWITCH ERROR
SPINDLE TOOL UNLAMP POSITION LIMIT SWITCH ERROR
MAGAZINE NOT IN POSITION OR SENSOR ERROR
AIR PRESSURE LOW ALARM(气压低报警)
COOLANT MOTOR OVERLOAD （冷却泵过载）
DRUM ATC OCKED （刀具未锁紧）
BATTERY ALARM （电池报警）
DRUM POSITION SWITCH ERROR （刀库位置检测开关故障）
DRUM NOW NOT AT PARK （刀库未在原始位置）
NO LUB OIL （无润滑油）
INDEX HEAD UNLOCKED （分度头未锁紧）
MT NOT READY（机床没准备好）
MG OVERLOAD （刀库过载）
LUB EMPTY（润滑无油）
AIR PRESSURE（气压不足）
最全的机床中英文对照
数控机床中英文对照表ABS和REL——在法那克系统中，按这两个键分别来切换当前机床的相对坐标和绝对坐标ALL——全选，程序编辑时用PRGRM——程序（program）的缩写，用于查看程序NEXT——查看程序和查看参数时，下一页OPRT——在法那克系统中，选择编辑程序时，也就是按下PRGRM后，再按这个键，才能输入程序号HOST，CONECT——这两个是在系统与外界通信时用的，我没试过，不知道什么作用HELP——查看帮助信息SHIFT——换档键，有些键有两个字符，按下这个键，用来输入顶部那个字符ALTER——程序修改键，编辑程序时用INSERT——程序插入键，编辑程序时用EOB——程序结束符，在编辑程序时，没段程序结束时，要加这个符号CAN——取消键，用来取消输入INPUT——输入键，用来输入程序或参数POS——按此键显示当前机床位置画面PROS——按此键显示当前程序画面OFFSET——按此键显示刀具偏置画面SETTING——按此键显示刀具偏置设定画面SYSTEM——按此键显示系统信息及系统状态画面GRAPH——按此键显示加工时刀具轨迹的图形画面CUSTOM——按此键显示用户宏程序画面手动数据输入(MDI)直接数字控制方法(DNC)控制器单元或机控制器单元（MCU）法拉克：ALTER 修改程序及代码INSRT 插入程序DELET 删除程序EOB 完成一句(END OF BLOCK)CAN 取消(EDIT 或MDI MODE 情况下使用)INPUT 输入程序及代码OUTPUT START 输出程序及指令OFFSET 储存刀具长度、半径补当值AUX GRAPH 显示图形PRGRM 显示程序内容ALARM 显示发生警报内容或代码POS 显示坐标DGONS PARAM 显示自我诊断及参数功能RESET 返回停止CURSOR 光标上下移动PAGE 上下翻页常见机床报警信息中英文对照T WORD ERROR （T 码错误）LOW OIL LEVEL （油位低）SPINPLE FAULT （主轴故障）SPINDLE ALARM （主轴报警）EXTERNAL EMG STOP （急停按钮被按下）AC NOT READY （交流盘未准备好）SPINPLE LUBE FAULT （主轴润滑故障）T CODE ERROR （T代码出错，非法T代码）M CODE ERROR （M代码出错，非法M代码）SERVO NOT READY （伺服未准备好）NC NOT READY（NC没准备好）TURRET FAULT （转塔故障）TURRET LIMIT （转塔限位）DC 24V OPEN （直流24断开）+24V NOT READY（+24V没准备好）GRAR DRIFT （档位漂移）PLEASE AXIS RETURN HOME（轴未回零）PLEASE DRUM RETURN HOME（刀库未回零）AIRPRESSFAILURE（气压故障）UNCL TOOL FALL（松刀失败）AIR PRESSURE DROP （压缩空气压力过低）CLAMP TOOL FALL（夹刀失败）DRUM NOT PARKED（刀库未在原值）X ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （X 轴未回零）Y ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （Y 轴未回零）Z ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （Z 轴未回零）4TH ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （第4轴未回零）X AXIS OVERTRAVL（X轴超限）Y AXIS OVERTRAVL （Y轴超限）Z AXIS OVERTRAVL （Z轴超限）COUNTER SWITCH REEOR （计数开关故障）MASTERT RANSFER OVER TEMP （主变压器过热）Z AXIS NOT AT FIRST REF POSITION （Z轴未在第一参考点）SPINDLE ORIENTATION FALLURE （主轴定向失败）TOOL DESENT OR TOOL DATA REEOR （刀具数据错误）PLEASE UNLOAD THE TOOL ON SPRINELK （请卸下主轴上的刀）PLEASE LOAD TOOL ON APINDLE （请装上主轴上的刀）A AXIS UNCLAMP FAIL （A 轴松开失败）A AXIS CLAMP FAIL （A 轴夹紧失败）DRUM OUT TO APRONDLEIS FALL （刀库摆向换刀位失败）MG SWING OVERLOAD（刀库摆动过载）DRUM BACK PARK IS FALL （刀库摆回原始位失败）TURRENT MOTOR1 OVERLOAD （刀库移动电机过载）COOLANT MOTOR OVERLOAD （冷却泵过载）DRUM ATC FAULT （自动换刀失败）TOOLS UNLOCKED （刀具未锁紧）BATTERY ALARM （电池报警）DRUM POSITION SWITCH ERROR （刀库位置检测开关故障）DRUM NOW NOT AT PARK （刀库未在原始位置）IT DANGOU TO MOVE DRUM （刀库禁动）POT UO FAILOR POT NOT AT UP POSITION （刀套未在水平位）POT DOWN FAIL （刀套翻下动作失败）IT IS DANGOUR TO MOVE ARM （机械手禁动）THE SPINDLE STATU IS ERROR （主轴状态错误）ARM MOTOR OR ARM SWITCH FALL （机械手或机械手开关故障）CENTRE LUBRICATION FALL （中心润滑故障）THE WORK NOT CLAMPED （工件未夹紧）AUTO TOOL CHANGE FAULT （自动换刀失败）TOOL DATA OUT OF RANGE （指令刀具号超出范围）THE ORDER TOOL NOW IN SPINDLE （目标刀具在主轴上）THE THREE SPINDLE SWITCH FAULT （主轴上的接近开关）THE CENTRE COOLANT IS LOWER （刀具内冷泵液位过低）DRUM RETURN 1# POSITION FAULT （刀库自动回零失败）SPINDLE OVERLOAD （主轴过载）TURRENT MOTOR OVERLOAD （刀盘转动电机过载）CHIP CONVEYER OVERLOAD （拉屑器过载）HARD LIMIT OR SERVO ALARM （硬限位或伺服报警）NO LUB OIL （无润滑油）INDEX HEAD UNLOCKED （分度头未锁紧）MT NOT READY（机床没准备好）MG OVERLOAD （刀库过载）LUB EMPTY（润滑无油）AIR PRESSURE（气压不足）COOLANT NOT READY（冷却没准备好）LUBE EMPTY（油雾油位低，润滑油位低）LUB PRESSURE LOW（润滑压力低）CONVEY VERLOAD（排屑过载）LUB OVERLOAD（润滑过载）LUBE PRESSURE LOW（油雾压力低）SERIAL SPINDLE ALARM (串行主轴报警)NC BATTERY LOW ALARM(NC电池低报警)MAGAZINE MOVE LIMIT SWITCH ERRORSPINDLE TOOL UNLAMP POSITION LIMIT SWITCH ERROR MAGAZINE NOT IN POSITION OR SENSOR ERRORAIR PRESSURE LOW ALARM(气压低报警)MOTOR OVERLOAD(电机过载)T CODE > MAGAZINE TOOLST CODE < 1 ERROR5TH AXIS HARDWARE OVERTRAVER LIMIT ERRORDOOR IS OPENED(开门)LUB PRESSURE SWITCH ERROR(油压开关错误)SPINDLE OIL COOLANT UNIT ERRORSPINDLE LOAD ABNORMAL（主轴负荷异常）TRANSDUCER ALARM（传感器报警）BED-HEAD LUBRICATE OFF（床头润滑关闭）EMG OFFHYDRAULIC CHUCK PRESS LOW（液压夹头压力低）HYDRAULIC TAIL PRESS LOW（液压尾座压力低）LUB 0IL LOW（油压低）TURRET CODE ERROR（转塔码错误）TURRET RUN OVERTIME（转塔运行超时）MANUAL HANDLE INTERRUPTTRY TO RUN SPINDLE WHILE CHUCK NOT LOCKTRY TO RUN SPINDLE WHILE TAIL NOT LOCKSPINDLE NEUTRAL GEARMAGAZINE ADJUSTHYDRAULIC NOT RUNSAFETY DOOR BE OPENEDSAFETY DOOR NOT CLOSENOT ALL AXIS HAVE GONE BACK REFIN ADJUST,IGNORE GOING BACK REFAFTER EXCHANGE TOOL,CYCLE STARTATC MOTOR QF16 OFFX AXIS IS LOCKED（X 轴被锁定）Y AXIS IS LOCKED（Y 轴被锁定）Z AXIS IS LOCKED（Z 轴被锁定）A AXIS IS LOCKED（A 轴被锁定）SPINDLE MOTOR FAN QF26 OFF(主轴电机风扇QF26关闭) SPINDLE ORIENTATION INCOMPLETE（主轴定位不完全）M FUNCTION NOT COMPLETE（M 功能无法完成）SPINDLE NOT IN GEAR POSITION（齿轮不在主轴位置）SPINDLE NOT CHANGED TO LOW GEAR（主轴没有变为低档）SPINDLE NOT CHANGED TO HIGH GRAR（主轴没有变为高档）MAG NOT BACKWARDSPINDLE TOOL NOT CLAMPSPINDLE TOOL NOT UNCLAMPMAG NOT IN POSITIONMAG DOES NOT ROTATEMAG DOES NOT STOP RUNNINGA AXIS HAVE NOT CLAMPEDA AXIS HAVE NOT UNCLAMPEDSET D499=1,"MAG.JOG" SWITCH ONHYDRAULIC MOTOR QF7 OFF（液压马达QF7关闭）HYDRAULIC TEMPRETURE HIGH（液压使用温度高）HYDRAULIC FILTER BLOCKED（液压过滤器阻止）HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL LOW（液压油位低）HYDRAULIC FAN QF8 OFF（液压风扇QF8关闭）HELIX CONYER QF9 OR QF10 OFFCHAIN CONYER QF11 OFFCOOLANT MOTOR QF12 OFF（冷却液电机QF12关闭）COOLNT LEVEL LOW,CYCLE STOP AFTER 20 MINUTESINNER COOLANT BLOCK（内冷却堵塞）SPINDLE COOLANT MOTOR QF14 OFF（主轴冷却液电机QF14关闭）INNER COOLANT QF13 OFF（内冷却液QF13关闭）MAG MOTOR QF15 OFFCABINET COOLANT EQUIP QF20 OFFOIL GATHER QF24 OFFAIR PRESSURE LOW（低气压）SPINDLE COOLANT MOTOR FAULT（主轴冷却液电机故障）LUB.OIL IS LOW（润滑油低）DOOR OPEN（门打开）FRONT DOOR(R) OPEN（前门打开）LEFT DOOR OPEN（左门打开）LUBRICATION OIL QF23 OFF（润滑油QF23关闭）LUBRICATION PRESS LOW（润滑油位低）IN ADJUST,MAG CAN'T EXCHANGE T（在调整，刀库不能交换T）NOT ALL DOOR CLOSED（门没有全部关闭）IN M06,MAG NOT READY（在M06，刀库未准备好）MAGAZINE NOT READY（刀库未准备好）POCKET NOT HORIZANTALIN M06,Z NOT BACK TO 2ND REFIN M06,Z AXIS NOT IN PSW1ATC NOT IN ZERO POSITIONSPINDLE ORIENTATION UNCOMPLETEPOCKET NOT HOR./MAG NOT BCKWRDPOCKET NOT VER./MAG NOT FORWRDUNCLAMP TOOL HAS NOT COMPLETEDCLAMP TOOL HAS NOT COMPLETEDAIM TOOL NO. IS WRONGMAG NOT BACKWARDAFTER RETRACT,SET R.T.BACK OFFZ NOT IN PSW2,FORBID ATC RUNNINGD499 EQUAL 1MAG.JOG SOFT SWITCH IS ONZ NOT IN PSW2,FORBID MAG FORWARDCHEKE SPINDLE MODULE ALARMOIL WATER SEPARATOR QF24 OFFSET THE SOFT SWITCH MAG.JOG OFFSET D499 TO 0 设定D499为0K PARAM ABOUT MAG SET IS WRONG 关于MAG的K参数设定错误MECHANICAL BRAKE NOT RELEASED机床抱闸没有松开MECHANICAL BRAKE IS WRONG 机床抱闸错误PLEASE ADD LUB.OIL 请加润滑油PROBE BATTERY VOLTAGE IS LOW 探头电池电压低PROBE IS ERR 探头错误PARAMETER WRITE ENABLE（参数写使能）PMC EDIT ENABLE（PMC编辑使能）CHECK LUB ROUTINSPINDLE GEAR SIGNAL MISS 主轴档位信号消失T_CLAMPED_SIGNAL MISS T夹紧信号消失SP OVERRIDE SWITCH DISCONNECTION 主轴倍率开关断路FEED OVERRIDE SWITCH DISCONNECTION 进给倍率开关断路THE TOTAL NUMBER OF POCKETS SET ERRCHANGE T STOPED BECAUSE NO AIR 因为缺少压空交换停止THE COOLANT WATER TOO LOW,ADD COOLANT WATER AT ONCE 冷却水少立即加水COOLANT LEVEL LOW,ADD COOLANT WATER 冷却水液位低PLEASE REPLACE CNC BATTERY QUICKLY 请立即更换CNC电池SIEMENS常用缩略语A Output 输出ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准代码AV Preparation for work 运行准备BA Operating mode 运行方式BAG Operating mode groups 运行方式组BB Ready for operation 准备好运行BCD Binary Coded Decimals 二-十进制BHG Hand-held terminal 手提终端BOF User interface 用户接口CNC Computerized Numerical Control 计算机化数字控制CP Communication Processor 通迅处理器CPU Central Processing Unit 计算机中央处理装置CR Carriage Return 托架折回CSB Central Service Board(PLC module) 中央维护板，PLC 模块CTS Clear To Send 发送使能DAU Digital-Analog Converter 数模转换器DB Data Block 数据块DIN German Industrial Standards 德国工业标准DIO Data Input/Output 数据输入/输出DRF Differential Resolver Function 差分功能DRY Dry Run 空运行DSB Decoding Single Block 译码单段DSR Data Send Ready 备用输入DW Data Word 数据字E Input 输入EIA-Code Special tape code,number of holes per characters alwaysodd 特殊纸带码，每个字符的孔数为奇数EPROM Programm memory with fixed program 有固定程序的程序存储器E/R Controlled Supply and Energy Recovery Module 可控电源和能量恢复模块ETC ETC key:Extension of the softkey bar in the same menuETC 键：同级菜单扩展键FDB Product designation database 产品指定数据库FIFO First in First Out 先进先出FRA Frame module 帧频模块FRAME Coordinate conversion with the components zerooffset，rotation，scaling，mirror-imaging 坐标换算，具有零点偏置，坐标旋转，标度功能和镜向功能FRK Cutter radius compensation 铣刀半径补偿FST Feed Stop 停止进给GUD Global User Data 全体用户数据HMS High-Resolution Measuring System 高分辨率测量系统HSA Main Spindle Drive 主轴驱动HW Hardware 硬件IM Interface Module 接口模块IM-S/R Interface Module(S=send/R=receive) 接口模块，S=发送/R=接收INC Increment 步进增量ISO-Code Special tape code,number of holes per character always even特殊纸带码，每个字符的孔数为偶数K1...k4 Channel 1 to Channel 4 通道1 到通道4KOP Ladder Diagram 梯形图KV Loop-Gain Factor 增益系数KUE Transformation Ratio 传动比LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示LED Light Emitting Diode 发光二极管显示LUD Local User Data 局部用户数据MB Megabyte 兆字节MD Machine Data 机床数据MK Measuring Circuit 测量回路MDA Manual Data Automatic 手动输入，自动执行MLFB Machine-readable product designation 机器可识别的产品代号MMC Man Machine Communication:User interface of the numerical controlsystem for operation,programming and simulation 人机通讯：系统操作界面，用操作，编程和模拟MPF Main Program File：NC part program(main program)NC 零件程序，主程序MPI Multi Point Interface 多点通讯接口MSTT Machine control panel 机床控制面板NC Numerical Control 数字控制NCK Numerical Control Kernel(numerical krnel with block preparation, traversing range etc.) 数字控制核心：具有程序段预处理,运行范围等等NCU Numerical Control Unit 数控单元NURBS Non Uniform Rational B Spline 非均值有理B样条NV Zero Offset 零点偏置OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 原设备制造商OP Operator Panel 操作面板OPI Operator Panel Interface 操作面板接口PC Personal Comprter 个人计算机PCMCIA Personal Computer Menory Card International Association接口协议PG Programming Device 编程器PLC Programmable Logic Control 可编程逻辑控制器PRT Program Test 程序测试RAM Random Access Memory 随机存取存储器RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer 处理器，具有指令组小、通过能力强ROV Rapid Override 快速修调RPA R Parameters Active(NCK memoty area for R parameter numbers) R 参数有效，NCK 中用于R 参数号的存储器区RTS Request To Send(control signal from serial data interfaces)发送请求：来自串行接口的控制信号SBL Single Block 单段SBL2 Single Block Decoding 译码单段SEA Setting Data Active(memory area for setting data in NCK)设定数据有效：用于NCK 中设定数据的存储区SD Setting Data 设定数据SKP Skip Block 程序段跳跃SM Signal Module 信号模块SPF Sub Program File 子程序文件SPS Programmable Logic Controller 可编程逻辑控制器SRK Cutter Radius Compensation 刀尖半径补偿SSFK Leadscrew Error Compensation 丝杠螺距误差补偿SSI Serial Synchronous Interface 串行同步接口SW Software 软件TEA Testing Data Active(with reference to the machine data) 测试数据有效：与机床数据有关TO Tool Offset 刀具补偿TOA Tool Offset Active(memory area for tool offset) 刀具补偿有效，用于刀补的存储区TRANSMIT Transform Milling into Turning(coordinate conversion on turning machines for milling)铣床转换为车床：车床坐标换算用于铣削加工VSA Feed drive(spindle) 主轴进给驱动V Bit type PLC variable PLC变量类型：位VB Byte type PLC variablePLC变量类型：字节WKZ Tool 刀具WZ Tool 刀具WZK Tool offset 刀具补偿ZOA Zero Offset Active(memory area for zero offsets) 零点偏置有效：零点偏置存储区好好看看啊手机了好久的约。
数控专业中英文翻译
Intelligent Open CNC TechnologyI. Technical OverviewIndustrial countries around the world through the development of CNC technology, a CNC machine tool industry, prompting machinery industry entered a new "modern" stage of historical development, and thus the structure of the national economy has brought great changes. CNC machine tools is not only an important basis for mechanical and electrical industrial equipment, automotive, petrochemical, electronics and other pillar industries, the primary means of production modernization, NC is the third industrial revolution the world is an important content. Output of CNC machine tool industry itself far less automobile, chemical and other industries, but thehigh-performance CNC machine tools to the manufacturing industry has brought the benefits of the high rate of production growth and modernization is to promote national economic development of the huge source of power. In particular, numerical control technology in the manufacturing sector expansion and extension of the role and the resulting ripple effect of radiation on the mechanical manufacturing industry sufficient structure, product structure, specialized division of labor, machining methods and management models, the production of social division of labor, business operational mechanism of profound change.In CNC machine tools are widely used in the numerical control technology, is a machining process using computer control information in a variety of digital computing, processing, and high-performance drive units through the implementation of mechanical components for automatic control of high-tech. The current equipment has been used a lot of CNC machining technology, the most typical and most widespread is the application of CNC machine tools. The machining process of the diversity and complexity of machining parts, CNC machine tools to the specifications, types and properties very different from the complexity of the control parameters, debugging complicated operation, so in general will continue the rapid development of computer technology and its architecture , the modern automatic control theory and modern technology to a new generation of power electronics CNC machine tools, we should emphasize them with "open" and "intelligent" features.1. "Open"Requires a new generation of CNC machine tool control system is an open, modular architecture, its features are: Modular elements in the realization of the system at the same time, there should be standardized between these elements can be provided by the different elements of the buyer free to combine, which can easily constitute a complete system. As follows:--- Elements of the system should be modular, while the interface between the modules must be standardized;--- System software, hardware configuration should be "transparent", "portable";--- System should have the "continuous upgrade" capability.At the same time the mechanical structure of a new generation of CNC machine tools also should be open, should be characterized by:--- Function module components using the machine;--- A "technology plan", "processing database" to users;--- Use of "information technology" will be a reasonable allocation of social resources, manufacturing machinery manufacturing industry gradually establish a perfect virtualization and network-based advanced manufacturing systems, machinery manufacturing resources to be used efficiently, to reduce costs, improve quality, the purpose of reducing manufacturing cycle.2. IntelligentThe so-called intelligent control system, is smart with anthropomorphic features, the numerical control system with simulation, extension, expansion of the intelligent behavior of the knowledge processing activities, such asself-learning, adaptive, self-organization, self-optimizing, Zi calm,self-recognition from planning, self-healing, self-reproduction. Through the intelligent CNC machining accuracy and efficiency of physical testing, modeling, feature extraction, processing system automatically senses the internal state and external environment, to quickly make the best goal of the intelligent decision-making, feed rate, cutting depth , coordinate movement, spindle speed and other parameters in real-time control, so that the processing machine at its best.The current NC system functionality required not only high performance (high-speed, high precision and high reliability), but also includes many smart features, such as the processing of motion planning, reasoning,decision-making ability and perception processing environment, manufacturing, network communication capacity (including the interaction with others), intelligent programming, intelligent databases, intelligent surveillance.Practice has proved that these "intelligent" technology, also used in the 21st century, the adjustment of a new generation of CNC machine tools, use and maintenance of all aspects, so that human intervention greatly simplified, to apply "smart" technology, human machine interface for packaging, to make full use of natural language, artificial Windows interface and simple operation, so that adjustment of the machine, use and maintenance tends to be "fool."Second, the status quo and development trend of domestic and foreign1. Overseas DevelopmentThroughout the history of the development of numerical control technology, is easy to see the development of numerical control technology step through the development of computer technology continues to develop, from 1956 to the present, has gone through four stages as follows:In 1956 -1974, the era of proprietary hardware NC;1975 -1989, the special computer numerical control era, that era of the microprocessor NC (μ PC);In 1990 -1995, BASIC PC's CNC times;Since 1996, started the whole PC open a new stage of intelligent CNC.The first three stages of the NC devices there are the following limitations: --- Not free to select the information from the information network;--- Not open architecture, user interface imperfections, machinery manufacturers and users can not independently numerical control system according to crop needs, the user's own technical know-how is not easy to integrate into, and create their own brand names;--- Can not fully utilize the existing resources of common software;--- Can not be free access to the external condition information;--- Architecture many, is not conducive to mass production, improve reliability and reduce costs, reduce the market supply capacity and competitiveness, while limiting the development of numerical control technology.In recent years the United States, the European Community, Japan and other countries have taken measures, a lot of money, the joint of the plant, or even more countries to study a new generation of numerical control systems, from the foregoing information, the world is in the NC Technology All PC CNC open architecture platform, turning the era, the turn is adapted to computer technology, information technology, network technology, the inevitable result of technological development.As modern machinery industry gradually to flexible, integrated, intelligent direction, so must be stressed that a new generation of numerical control technology to have an open and intelligent features. Developed countries have taken measures in recent years, lots of manpower and financial resources to organize a new generation of superior forces and open architecture CNC with intelligent features technology development and research, including the United States of NGC and OMAC plan, the EC OSACA plan, OSEC plans.CNC machine tool mechanical structure is more inclined to "open", to meet the diverse needs of the modern machinery for processing, a new generation of CNC machine tools has the following characteristics:(1) according to the modular machine structure, the principles of design and manufacturing series in order to shorten lead times, best meet the needs of the user's process.(2) As many parts of NC machine tool quality indicators continue to improve, gradually increase the variety of specifications, a more substantial mechanical and electrical integration, functional parameters of the increasingly numerous and so dedicated to supporting a variety of CNC machine features are fully commercialized, to build a competitive machine tool plant created the conditions.(3) to the users, CNC Machine Tool Plant of the developed countries areactively building completely open product sales service system. Part to establish an open laboratory, establishment of self-service CNC machine operator and maintenance training center.(4) using information network technology to a variety of manufacturing resources in society were based on the rational combination of processing tasks and call the 21st century advanced manufacturing technology development trend, the world's countries are active in research in this area.(5) artificial intelligence technology in the promotion and application of CNC technology. With the continued penetration in the computer field of artificial intelligence and development of the intelligent CNC system development. In the new generation of CNC system and servo devices, the use of "evolutionary computation" (Evolutionary Computation), "Fuzzy Systems" (Fuzzy System) and "neural networks" (Neural Network) and other three new control mechanism, the performance greatly increased. This high-performance intelligent CNC system not only has the automatic programming, feedforward control, adaptive cutting, self-generating process parameters, motion parameters of dynamic compensation and other functions, more features are taken into account operational factors used in the very present friendly interface.The current principle of fuzzy control systems, and CNC EDM with aself-learning, self-established mathematical model, high-performanceself-tuning parameters of the servo drive CNC machine tools and existing products in the market with a strong competitive edge.2. Current Situation and Development of numerical control technology gap China's CNC technology, in the "Eighth Five-Year" key in order to seize the opportunity to own the copyright for the proposed target to platform-based development strategy, but also in the research process, aiming or adjustment to the development of PC-based route , and thus the formation of two platforms, developed four basic systems, central China and the ChineseI-I-NC-specific template is embedded into a single general-purpose PC NC system bodies, space and the blue sky I-I-is embedded in the PC, being composed of CNC multi-machine CNC system, the formation of the typical structure of front, the domestic unit also has developed other open architecture system.However, in general terms, but only at the initial stage, although different systems direction to the PC platform, but in the concrete implementation of the development there are still some problems. The biggest problem that is open enough, lack of development environment and support measures, as a user easily to the secondary development of the degree of openness is far from being reached, but has considerable technical force of the developer to use, and as able to spread to the general extent of users is not enough.Design by PC-NC system makes CNC's focus from hardware to software, to eliminate the development of the CNC hardware "bottlenecks", which could accelerate the production of useful products. And PC-NC, after all, so that theopen architecture CNC a big step.In the design and manufacture of CNC machine tools, China has started a modular technology, the CNC machining process parameters, tools, system optimization, intelligent adaptive control have been studied, the intelligent control of it lay the foundation for further study, But the work is only the beginning, still in the "fifth" during a series of research and development work, tracking the world's digital technology, to promote the development of numerical control industry.Third, the "fifth" major research objectives and1. TargetIn order to further improve China's CNC technology, CNC machine tools industry, the Chinese can get a place in the international competition, China's development strategy of numerical control technology, in conjunction with the characteristics of China's economic development, first with "open", "intelligent" features CNC technology for innovative research, to focus on CNC turning, milling, grinding and processing power on the basis of advanced manufacturing technologies and processes, and then develop a generation of "open", "intelligent" CNC lathes, CNC milling machine (including the processing center) and CNC EDM products.2. Main content①Development of a new generation of open CNC system. Construction of open CNC system, interface and protocol research, including research systems, subsystems and functional modules hierarchical control structure, open CNC system interface and the Protocol.②a new generation of intelligent CNC system. Developed and worked out for turning, milling, machining centers, electrical generation of intelligent processing, and other basic computer numerical control system and the corresponding intelligent programming system. Including research and development of intelligent CNC system hardware, software specification and implementation in the main production base of CNC; development of two common systems (turning, machining centers) three applications (turning centers, five-sided machining centers, intelligent power processing ); intelligent programming system.③spindle and servo-drive a new generation of innovative research and development work out the corresponding high-performance servo drives and motors, including self-learning, self-tuning parameters, all-digital, low-cost type of linear motor and drive.④Development of efficient numerical control equipment. According to the principles of modular design, developed a highly efficient processing unit, developed a highly efficient CNC milling machine, crankshaft grinder, laser forming, CNC machining centers and integrated high-speed engraving and milling machines and other highly efficient CNC machine tools, and furtherdeveloped the idea and design platform for intelligent and efficient processing unit robot flexible manufacturing cell.⑤common basis for a new generation of flexible manufacturing equipment, technology and research. Various types of CNC machine tools including the new module design, reliability, design, mechanical design optimization of structural characteristics, computer-aided industrial design, new materials and a sense of control compensation, integrated precision contour compensation technology, high-speed high-precision axis unit, tool and integrated tool system, handling and transmission, cooling and protective, functional integration, a sense of control of integrated manufacturing and processing technologies.⑥machining theory and method of flexible automation. Including the commercialization of flexible manufacturing cell, quasi-practical flexible manufacturing system, flexible multi-standard processing techniques,multi-format production unit of flexible manufacturing technology.mon basis for a new generation of flexible manufacturing equipment, technology and research. Various types of CNC machine tools including the new module design, reliability, design, mechanical design optimization of structural characteristics, computer-aided industrial design, new materials and a sense of control compensation, integrated precision contour compensation technology, high-speed high-precision axis unit, tool and integrated tool system, handling and transmission, cooling and protective, functional integration, a sense of control of integrated manufacturing and processing technologies.8.machining theory and method of flexible automation. Including the commercialization of flexible manufacturing cell, quasi-practical flexible manufacturing system, flexible multi-standard processing techniques,multi-format production unit of flexible manufacturing technology.开放式智能化数控技术一、技术概述世界各工业发达国家通过发展数控技术、建立数控机床产业，促使机械加工业跨入一个新的“现代化”的历史发展阶段，从而给国民经济的结构带来了巨大的变化。
数控机床的特点--中英文翻译.doc
毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译附件： 1.外文原文 2.外文资料翻译译文2014年6月附件一：Characteristics of CNC machine toolsCNC machine operation and monitoring of all completed in the numerical control unit, which is the brains of CNC machine tools. Compared with the general machine tools, CNC machine tools has the following characteristics:（1） high precision, stable processing quality;（2） can be multi-axis linkage, can process complex shape parts;（3） processing part changes, generally only need to change the NC program, saving the production time to prepare;（4） high precision machine tool itself, rigidity, can choose the amount of benefit processing, production rate (usually as an ordinary machine 3 to 5 times);（5） high degree of automation tools, can reduce labor intensity;（6） the quality of the operators require a higher technical requirements on higher maintenance staff.CNC machine tools generally consists of the following components:（1） host, he is the subject of CNC machine tools, including machine tools, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. He is used to complete a variety of machining mechanical parts.（2） CNC equipment, CNC machine tools is the core, including the hardware (printed circuit boards, CRT monitors, key boxes, paper tape reader, etc.) and the corresponding software for digital input part program, and complete the input information storage, data transformation, interpolation operations and achieve a variety of control functions.（3 ）drive, he was the implementing agencies CNC drive components, including the spindle drive unit, feed unit, spindle motor and feed motor. He wasunder the control of the NC device electrical or electro-hydraulic servo system to achieve through the spindle and feed drive. When several feed linkage, you can complete the position, line, plane curves and space curves processing.（4） assist device, the index control machine tools necessary supporting components to ensure the operation of CNC machine tools, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring. It consists of hydraulic and pneumatic devices, chip equipment, pallet, NC rotary table and CNC dividing head, including tools and monitoring detection devices.（5） Programming and other ancillary equipment, can be used to machine the part outside the programming and storage.Since 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed the world since the first CNC machine tools, CNC machine tools in manufacturing industry, especially in the automotive, aerospace, and military industries has been widely used, digital technology both in hardware and software have rapid development.Classification and application of CNC machine tools（1） use classification by technologyMetal cutting type machine tools, including CNC lathes, CNC drilling, CNC milling, CNC grinding machines, CNC boring hair and processing center. These machines are suitable for single pieces, small batch and multiple varieties and parts processing, has good processing size consistency, high productivity and automation, and high equipment flexibility.CNC machine metal forming type; such machines, including CNC bending machines, CNC combined punch, CNC bending machine, CNC turret press and so on.CNC machine tools; such machines, including CNC wire (electrode) cutting machine, CNC EDM, CNC flame cutting machines, CNC laser cutting machine, special machine tool and so on.Other types of numerical control equipment; non-processing equipment using digital technology, such as automatic assembly machine, multi-coordinate measuring machines, automatic drawing machines and industrial robots.（2） classified according to movement patternPosition control; point control of CNC machine tools is characterized by moving parts of the machine can be achieved only from one location to another precise movement and positioning of the process in motion without any processing operations. Such as CNC drilling machines, a few at coordinate boring machine, CNC welding and tube bending machines.Linear control; point linear control characteristic is not only moving parts of the machine coordinates to achieve a precise location to another movement and positioning, but also to achieve a straight line parallel to the axis feed movement or control of the two oblique axes to achieve line feed movement.Contour control; contour control the characteristics of CNC machine tools is the machine moving parts to achieve two axes simultaneously control linkage. It requires not only control the moving parts of machine starting and ending coordinates of the location, but also for control of the process the speed of each point and the displacement, which called for control of the trajectories of the part processed into the plane straight line, curve or surface in space .（3） Classification by controlOpen-loop control; that position feedback devices without control. Semi-closed loop control; refers to the open-loop control with servo motor shaftangular displacement detecting device, by detecting the servo motor to detect indirectly the corner of the displacement of moving parts back to the NC device comparator compares the input command, with the difference value controls the moving parts.Closed-loop control; is in the final of the moving parts of machine corresponding direct linear or rotary position detection device, will be directly measured value of displacement or angular displacement feedback to the CNC device with comparator compares the input command shift, with the difference value control moving parts, so that moving parts in strict accordance with the actual needs of the displacement movement.（4） control of machines by the number of performance categoriesEconomical CNC machine tools;Mid-range of CNC machine tools;High-end CNC machine tools;（5） CNC equipment used by way of fractional composition ofHard-line numerical control system; Soft-line numerical control system;附件二：数控机床的特点数控机床的操作和监控全部在这个数控单元中完成，它是数控机床的大脑。
数控生产设备--中英文翻译
九、外文翻译NUMERICAL CONTROL OF PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTS Numerical control (NC) is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols. The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular workpart or job. When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed. The capability to change the program is what makes NC suitable for low-and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write new programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.BASIC COMPONENTS OF NCA numerical control system consists of the following three basic components:·Program of instructions·Machine control unit·Processing equipmentThe general relationship among the three components is illustrated in Fig.2.1. The program is fed into the control unit, which directs the processing equipment accordingly.The program of instructions is the detailed step-by-step commands that direct the processing equipment. In its most common form, the commands refer to positions of a machine tool spindle with respect to the worktable on which the part is fixtured. More advanced instructions include selection of spindle speeds, cutting tool, and other function. The most common medium in use over the last several decades has been 1-in. -wide punched tape. Because of the widespread use of the punched tape, NC is sometimes called “tape control”. However, this is a misnomer in modern usage of numerical control. Coming into use more recently have been magnetic tape cassettes and floppy diskettes.The machine control unit (MCU) consists of the electronics and control hardware that read and interpret the program of instruction and convert it into mechanical actions of the machine tool or other processing equipment.The processing equipment is the third basic component of an NC system. It is the component that performs useful work. In the most common example of numerical control, one that performsmachining operations, the processing equipment consists of the worktable and spindle as well as the motors and controls needed to drive them.TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEMSThere are two basic types of control systems in numerical control: point-to-point and contouring. In the point-to-point system, also called positioning, each axis of the machine is driven separately by leadscrews and, depending on the type of operation, at different velocities. The machine movesinitially at maximum velocity in order to reduce nonproductive time but decelerates as the tool reaches its numerically defined position. Thus in an potation such as drilling or punching, the positioning and cutting take place sequentially. After the hole is drilled or punched, the tool retracts, moves rapidly to another position, and repeats the operation. The path followed from one position to another is important in only one respect: The time required should be minimized for efficiency. Point-to-point systems are used mainly in drilling, punching, and straight milling operations.In the contouring system, also known as the continuous path system, positioning and cutting operations are both along controlled paths but at different velocities. Because the toolcuts as it travels along a prescribed path, accurate control and synchronization of velocities and movements are important. The contouring system is used on lathes, milling machines, grinders, welding machinery, and machining centers. Movement along the path, or interpolation, occurs incrementally, by one of several basic methods. In all interpolations, the path controlled is that of the center of rotation of the tool. Compensation for different tools, different diameter tools, or tool wear during machining, can be made in the NC program.There are a number of interpolation schemes that have been developed to deal with the various problems that are encountered in generating a smooth continuous path with a contouring-type NC system. They include:·Linear interpolation·Circular interpolation·Helical interpolation·Parabolic interpolation·Cubic interpolationEach of these interpolation procedures permits the programmer (or operator) to generate machine instructions for linear or curvilinear paths, using a relatively few input parameters. Theinterpolation module in the MCU performs the calculations and directs the tool along the path.Linear interpolation is the most basic and is used when a straight-line path is to be generated in continuous-path NC. Two-axis and three-axis linear interpolation routines are sometimes distinguished in practice, but conceptually they are the same. The program is required to specify the beginning point and end point of the straight line, and the feed rate that is to be followed along the straight line. The interpolator computes the feed rates for each of the two (or three) axes in order to achieve the specified feed rate.Linear interpolation for creating a circular path would be quite inappropriate because the programmer would be required to specify the line segments and their respective end points that are to be used to approximate the circle. Circular interpolation schemes have been developed thatpermit the programming of a path consisting of a circular arc by specifying the following parameters of the arc: the coordinates of its end points, the coordinates of its center, its radius, and the direction of the cutter along the arc. The tool path that is created consists of a series of straight-line segments, but the segments are calculated by the interpolationmodule rather than the programmer. The cutter is directed to move along each line segment one by one in order to generate the smooth circular path. A limitation of circular interpolation is that the plane in which the circular arc exists must be a plane defined by two axes of the NC system.Helical interpolation combines the circular interpolation scheme for two axes described above with linear movement of a third axis. This permits the definition of a helical path in three-dimensional space.Parabolic and cubic interpolation routines are used to provide approximations of free-form curves using higher-order equations. They generally require considerable computational power and are not as common as linear and circular interpolation. Their applications are concentrated in the automobile industry for fabricating dies for car body panels styled with free-form designs that cannot accurately and conveniently be approximated by combining linear and circular interpolations. PROGRAMMING FOR NCA program for numerical control consists of a sequence of directions that causes an NC machine to carry out a certain operation, machining being the most commonly used process. Programming for NC may be done by an internal programmingdepartment, on the shop floor, or purchased from an outside source. Also, programming may be done manually or with computer assistance.The program contains instructions and commands. Geometric instructions pertain to relative movements between the tool and the workpiece.Processing instructions pertain to spindle speeds, feeds, tools, and so on. Travel instructions pertain to the type of interpolation and slow or rapid movements of the tool or worktable. Switching commands pertain to on/off position for coolant supplies, spindle rotation, direction of spindle rotation, tool changes, workpiece feeding, clamping, and so on.(1) Manual Programming Manual part programming consists of first calculating dimensional relationships of the tool, workpiece, and work table, based on the engineering drawings of the part, and manufacturing operations to be performed and their sequence. A program sheet is then prepared, which consists of the necessary information to carry out the operation, such as cutting tools, spindle speeds, feeds, depth of cut, cutting fluids, power, and tool or workpiece ally a paper tape is first prepared for trying out and debugging theprogram. Depending on how often it is to be used, the tape may be made of more durable Mylar.Manual programming can be done by someone knowledgeable about the particular process and able to understand, read, and change part programs. Because they are familiar with machine tools and process capabilities, skilled machinists can do manual programming with some training in programming. However, the work is tedious, time consuming, and uneconomical-and is used mostly in simple point-to-point applications.(2) Computer-Aided Programming Computer-aided part programming involves special symbolic programming languages that determine the coordinate points of corners, edges, and surfaces of the part. Programming language is the means of communicating with the computer and involves the use of symbolic characters. The programmer describes the component to be processed in this language, and the computer converts it to commands for the NC machine. Several languages having various features and applications are commercially available. The first language that used English-like statements was developed in the late 1950s and is called APT (for Automatically Programmed Tools). This language, in its various expanded forms,is still the most widely used for both point-to-point and continuous-path programming.Computer-aided part programming has the following significant advantages over manual methods:· Use of relatively easy to use symbolic language ·Reduced programming time. Programming is capable of accommodating a large amount of data concerning machine characteristics and process variables, such as power, speeds, feed, tool shape, compensation for tool shape changes, tool wear, deflections, and coolant use.· Reduced possibility of human error, which can occur in manual programming· Capability of simple changeover of machining sequence or from machine to machine.· Lower cost because less time is required for programming. Selection of a particular NC programming language depends on the following factors:a) Level of expertise of the personnel in the manufacturing facility.b) Complexity of the part.c) Type of equipment and computers available.d) Time and costs involved in programming.Because numerical control involves the insertion of data concerning workpiece materials and processing parameters, programming must be done by operators or programmers who are knowledgeable about the relevant aspects of the manufacturing processes being used. Before production begins, programs should be verified, either by viewing a simulation of the process on a CRT screen or by making the part from an inexpensive material, such as aluminum, wood, or plastic, rather than the material specified for the finished part数控生产设备数字控制是用数字、字母和其他控制字符进行编程，来实现机械设备自动化的一种形式。
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中文1700字数字控制的历史在机床领域工作的任何人都不能忽视计算机对制造业的影响。
这些机床对工业的影响能力强迫公司经理和所有者更新他们的思想来保持竞争力。
这些机床的固有准确性和反复性已经帮助了质量过程工具例如统计过程控制在金工车间获得立足处。
NC/CNC机床的演变数字控制其实不是什么新东西。
早在1808年织机装入带孔的金属卡片控制所生产布料的样式。
机器的每根针由装入的卡上孔的有无来控制。
卡片成为机器的程序。
如果改变了卡片，样式也跟着改变。
自动钢琴也是数字控制的例子。
自动钢琴使用带孔的纸卷。
孔的有无决定音符是否被演奏。
空气被用于感应孔是否存在。
计算机的发明是数字控制的一个转折点。
1943年，称作ENIAC (电子数字积分器和计算机)的第一台计算机被制成。
ENIAC计算机非常大。
它占地超过1500平方英尺并使用大约18,000根真空管运算。
但真空管发热成为一个困扰的问题。
计算机仅能运行几分钟管子就失效。
另外，计算机重达数吨并非常难于编程。
ENIAC通过使用数以万计的开关来编程。
今天价值15美圆的计算器也远比这个早期的尝试更功能强大。
计算机技术领域真正的转折点是1948年晶体管的发明。
晶体管是真空管的替换品。
它体积小，便宜，可靠，耗能少，并且发热低。
真空管的完美取代品。
直到20世纪60年代晶体管才在工业中大量使用。
集成电路原件在1959年一种新技术涌现了：集成电路（ICs）。
集成电路实际是芯片上的控制电路。
当制造商发现了如何小型化电路，它比晶体管更有助于减小尺寸和改进电子控制的可靠性。
大规模集成电路大规模生产是在1965年。
在1974年发明了微处理器。
由此产生了微型计算机，使小规模运用成为可能。
计算机记忆卡制造的巨大进步使它计算机更加功能强大而容易支付。
作为政府生产高精度副翼的方法数控机床的原始构想源于20世纪50年代。
这些复杂的零件用传统方法制造并且通过和模板作比较来检验它们。
模板也必须用传统方法制造，是非常费时和不精确的。
然而，在Michigan一个商店，一个叫做John Parsons的人正在研究一种新方法来改进直升机动叶片模板的制造方法。
Parsons是工具室学徒而且没有大学学位。
Parson的方法是计算沿副翼表面的坐标点。
通过计算大量的中间点然后移动机床到每个点，模板的精度就改进了。
Parsons提出用穿孔的卡片来进行大量计算的主意。
这些数据用来定位机床。
1948年Parsons向空军递交发展生产这些模板的机器的提案并得到认同。
他第一次试图在自动控制中使用穿孔卡制表机计算沿副翼曲线的方位并用普通铣床定位刀具到制表机位置。
他有二名操作员，一个移动机器的每根轴。
这种方法生产的副翼比先前方法高达十倍精度，但仍然是一个非常费时的过程。
1949年，空军要求Parsons生产能移动机器的轴来自动计算点位置的一种控制系统。
麻省理工学院(MIT)由Parsons转包来发展能控制机器轴的马达。
伺服电动机诞生了。
Parsons构想了随后的系统。
计算机能计算刀具应该遵循的轨迹并在穿孔卡上储存信息。
机器的操作者能读出卡片。
控制机器从操作者得到数据并控制附着在每根轴上的马达。
1951年 MIT被授予开发控制机器的主要合同。
第一台由Parsons和MIT生产的机器在1952年展出。
叫做Cincinnati Hydrotel，它是一台三轴垂直心轴的铣床。
这个控制机器使用真空管。
在使人编程更容易的其中一个早期尝试叫做APT（自动编程工具）符号语言。
APT，发明于1954年，使用机床能读懂的和英文相似的符号语言来编制程序。
记住，机器需要零件的几何外型和例如速度、饲料和冷却液的机器指令来运行。
APT使人们写这些程序变得更容易，这些程序随后又被翻译成机器能读懂的另一种程序。
1955年空军得到制造数控机器的35，000，000美圆的合同。
第一台数控机床非常庞大。
这个控制机器靠真空管运行并需要一个分开的计算机来生成它的二进制磁带代码。
（二进制代码系统使用0和1）。
复杂零件的编程需要非常专业的人员。
随着继续的发展和提炼，60年代初期数字控制机器在工业中变得更加普通。
数字控制机器广泛接受，它们变得更加功能强大和容易使用。
直到大约1976年这些机器被称作NC（数字控制）机器。
1976年CNC (计算机数字控制)机器出现了。
这些控制机器使用微处理器给了他们额外的功能。
他们也以外存储为特色。
代表性的NCs每次读取一步程序（块）并执行它；然而，CNC机床能够存储整个程序。
20世纪70和80年代后期计算机技术的改善使数控机床的价格跌到一个很多制造公司不能再没有它们的水平。
HISTORY OF NUMERICAL CONTROLAnyone working in the machine tool field cannot ignore the influence of the computer in manufacturing. The capabilities that these machine tools have given to the industry have forced managers and owners of companies to update their thinking to stay competitive. The inherent accuracy and repeatability of these machine tools have helped quality process tools such as statistical process control gain a foothold in machine shops.EVOLUTION OF THE NC/CNC MACHINENumerical control is nothing new. As early as 1808 weaving machines used metal cards with holes punched in them to control the pattern of the cloth being produced. Each needle on the machine was controlled by the presence or absence of a hole on the punched cards. The cards were the program for the machine. If the cards were changed, the pattern changed.The players piano is also an example of numerical control. The player piano uses a roll of paper with holes punched in it. The presence or absence of a hole determined if that note was played. Air was used to sense whether a hole was present.The invention of the computer was one of the turning points in numerical control. In 1943 the first computer, called ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was built.The ENIAC computer was very large. It occupied more than 1500 square feet and used approximately 18,000 vacuum tubes to do its calculations. The heat generated by the vacuum tubes was a constant problem. The computer could operate only a few minutes without a tube failing. In addition, the computer weighed many tons and was very difficult to program. ENIAC was programmed through the use of thousands of switches. The $15 calculator available today is much more powerful than this early attempt.The real turning point in computer technology was the invention of the transistor in 1948. The transistor was the replacement for the vacuum tube. It was very small, cheap, dependable, used very little power, and generated very little heat: the perfect replacement for the vacuum tube. The transistor did not see much industrial use until the 1960s.INTEGRATED CIRCUITRYIn 1959 a new technology emerged: integrated circuits (ICs). Integrated circuits were actually control circuits on a chip. When manufacturers discovered how to miniaturize circuits, it helped reduce the size and improve the dependability of electronic control even more than the transistor had. Large-scale integrated circuits first were produced in 1965.In 1974 the microprocessor was invented.This made the microcomputer, and thus small application, possible.Great strides in the manufacture of memory for computers helped make computers more powerful and affordable.The original conception of numerically controlled machine tools occurred in the 1950s as a method of producing airfoils of great accuracy for the government.These complex parts were made by manual machining methods and inspected by comparing them to templates. The templates also had to be manufactured by manual methods, which was very time consuming and inaccurate.However, in a shop in Traverse City, Michigan,a man named John Parsons was working on a method to improve the production of inspection templates for helicopter rotor blades. Parsons started as a tool room apprentice and had no college degree.Parsons’ method involved calculating the coordinate points along the airfoil surface. By calculating a large number of intermediate points and then manually moving the machine tool to each of these points, the accuracy of the templates was improved. Parsons came up with the idea of using punched cards for the many calculations. The data could then be used to position the machine tool. Parsons submitted a proposal to the Air Force to develop a machine to produce these templates and received a development contract in 1948. His first attempts at automatic position control used punchcard tabulating machines to calculate the positions along the airfoil curve and an ordinary manual milling machine to position the tool to the tabulated positions. He had two operators, one to move each axis of the machine. This method produced airfoils tens of times more accurate than the preceding method, but was still a very time-consuming process.In 1949,the Air Force awarded Parsons a contract to produce a control system that could move the axis of a machine to calculated points automatically. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was subcontracted by Parsons to develop a motor that could control the axis of the machines. The servo motor was born.Parsons envisioned the following system. A computer would calculate the path that the tool should follow and store that information on punched cards. A reader at the machine would then read the cards. The machine control would take the data from the reader and control the motors attached to each axis.In 1951 MIT was awarded the prime contract to develop the machine control. The first machine produced by Parsons and MIT was demonstrated in 1952. Called a Cincinnati Hydrotel, it was a three-axis vertical spindle milling machine. The machine control used vacuum tubes.One of the first attempts at making programming easier for people was called APT (Automatically Programmed Tool) Symbolic Language. APT, invented in 1954, used English-like symbolic language to produce a program that the machine tool could understand. Remember, a machine needs the geometry of the part and machining instructions such as speeds, feeds, and coolant to operate. APT made it easier for people to write these programs, which were then translated to a program that the machine could understand.In 1955 the Air Force awarded $35million in contracts to manufacture numerical control machines. The first numerically controlled machine tools were very bulky. The machine control was vacuum-tube operated and needed a separate computer to generate its binary tape codes. (Binary coding systems use 1s and 0s). Programming complex parts took highly specialized people. Developments and refinements continued, and by the early 1960snumerical control machines became much more common in industry. As the acceptance of numerical control machines grew, they became easier to use and more powerful.Up until about 1976 these machines were called NC (numerical control) machines. In 1976 CNC (computer numerical control) machines were produced. These machine controls used microprocessors to give them additional capability. They also featured additional memory. The NCs typically read one short program step (block) at a time and executed it; however, CNC machines could store whole programs.Improvements in computer technology in the late 1970s and 1980s brought the cost of numerical control machines down to a level where most manufacturing companies cannot afford to be without them.。