溶液和溶解度

Chapter 3 solutions and solubility

溶液和溶解度

3.1 Types of Solutions 溶液的类型

Ⅰ.Key terms 关键词

Solution 溶液

Solvent 溶剂

Solutes 溶质

Concentrated solution 浓溶液

Diluted solution 稀溶液

Aqueous solution 水溶液

Miscible 相溶

Immiscible 不相溶

Alloys 合金

Saturated solution 饱和溶液

Unsaturated solution 不饱和溶液

II.Topics 知识点

·What is solution?

A homogeneous mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes. 溶液是由一种溶剂和一种或多种溶质组成的混合物。·What is solvent?

A substance that has other substances dissolved in it.

溶剂是其它物质能够溶解在其中的物质。

·What is solute?

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

溶质是溶解在溶液中的物质。

·What is concentrated solution?

A solution that has a higher proportion of solute to solvent than a dilute solution.

浓溶液是溶质与溶剂比例比稀溶液高的溶液。

·What is dilute solution?

It has a lower proportion of solute to solvent than a concentrated solution.

稀溶液是溶质与溶剂比例比浓溶液低的溶液。

·A solution can be a gas, a liquid, or a solid.

·An aqueous solution is a solution in which water is the solvent.

水溶液是指水作为溶剂的溶液。

·What is miscible?

A term used to describe substances that are able to combine with each other in any proportion

用来描述物质能够互相以任意比例溶合的词汇。

·What is immiscible?

A term used to describe substances that are not able to combine with each other in a solution.

用来描述物质不能够彼此溶合的词汇。

·What is alloys?

solid solutions of metals are called alloys.

金属形成的固体溶液叫做合金。

·What is solubility?

the mass of solute that dissolves in a given quanity of solvent at a specific temperature.

在一定的温度下，溶于固定量溶剂中的溶质的质量。

·What is saturated solution?

A solution in which no more of a particular solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature.

在一定温度下，不能再溶解特定溶质的溶液。

·What is unsaturated solution?

A solution in which more of a particular solute can be

dissolved at a specific temperature.

在一定温度下，能够再溶解特定溶质的溶液。

Ⅲ.Practices

1.Give examples of each type of solution.

(a) solid solution

(b) liquid solution

(c) gaseous solution (at room temperature)

2.Explain the term “homogeneous mixture.”

3.Imagine you are given a filtered solution of sodium chloride. How can you decide whether the solution is saturated or unsaturated?

4.Distinguish between the following terms: soluble, miscible, and immiscible.

5.You are given three liquids. One is a pure substance, and the second is a solution of two miscible liquids. The third is a solution composed of a solid solute dissolved in a liquid solvent. Describe the procedure you would follow to distinguish among the three solutions.

6.What type of solute dissolves in a polar solvent, such as water? Give an example.