人教版高中英语必修一至必修四语法
新人教版高一英语必修一知识点复习整理
新人教版高一英语必修一知识点复习整理1. 语法知识点
- 介词的用法
- 表示时间、地点和方式等
- 注意介词和动词的搭配
- 冠词的用法
- 不定冠词a和an的用法
- 定冠词the的用法
- 名词的单复数形式
- 一般名词的复数形式
- 不规则名词的复数形式
2. 词汇知识点
- 常用动词短语
- 与各种情境相关的常用动词短语
- 包括表示喜欢、讨厌、担心、希望等意思的动词短语
- 常用形容词及副词
- 描述人、事物特征的常用形容词
- 表示时间、程度、方式等的常用副词- 高频词汇
- 重点掌握高频出现的单词和常用短语3. 阅读技巧
- 预测文意
- 根据上下文预测单词或句子的意思
- 联系上下文理解文章
- 通过上下文的线索来理解全文意思
- 抓住文中关键信息
- 注意文章中的重点句子,理解文章主旨4. 写作技巧
- 语法正确性
- 注意动词时态和主谓一致
- 尽量避免语法错误
- 结构完整性
- 确保文章有开头、主体和结尾
- 逻辑连贯性
- 使用适当的连接词
- 使用连接词使句子和句子之间衔接紧密
以上是《新人教版高一英语必修一》的知识点复习整理,希望对你的学习有所帮助。
新教材 人教版高中英语必修第一册全册各单元重点语法汇总
人教版必修第一册全册重点语法汇总welcome unit ......................................................................................................................... - 1 -Unit 1 Teenage life Section .................................................................................................... - 3 -Unit 2 Travelling around ........................................................................................................ - 6 -Unit 3 Sports and fitness ....................................................................................................... - 8 -Unit 4 Natural disasters ......................................................................................................... - 8 -Unit 5 Languages around the world .................................................................................... - 10 -welcome unitGrammar简单句的八种基本句型一、主语+谓语(S V)&二、主语+谓语+状语(S V Ad)特点:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需接宾语,但有时后跟状语修饰动词。
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修语法知识点总结
高中必修一到必修五主要语法点必修一:直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;定语从句必修二:定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三:情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)必修四:主谓一致;非谓语动词(V-ing) ;构词法必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法必修3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元同位语从句必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元省略句必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经历,经受get through 通过;完成;接通电话2. set down 记下,放下3. a series of 一系列4 on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动);take part in 参加(活动)join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。
人教版高中英语必修1至选修10各个单元语法一览表
必修二Unit2一般将来时的被动语态
必修二Unit3现在完成时的被动语态
必修二Unit4现在进行时的被动语态
必修二Unit5定语从句:prep.+which/ whom (介词+关系代词的用法)
必修三Unit1情态动词用法(一):may/might, can/could, will/would, shall/should, must/can’t
必修三Unit2情态动词用法(二):ought to/ought not to/have to/don’t have to/mustn’t/needn’t
必修三Unit3名词性从句:宾语从句与表语从句
必修三Unit4名词性从句:主语从句
必修三Unit5名词性从句:同位语从句
必修四Unit1主谓一致
必修四Unit2动词-ing的用法(一):动名词作主语和宾语
选修六Unit3:it的用法(一):it用作人称代词、非人称代词(指时间、天气、距离、度量等)、指示代词(指代this或that)、形式主语和形式宾语
选修六Unit4:it的用法(二):it用于强调句、it的习惯用法
选修六Unit5:动词的-ing形式作状语
选修七Unit1:动词不定式的用法:动词不定式的形式、动词不定式的句法功能
必修四Unit3动词-ing的用法(二):作表语、定语和宾语补足语
必修四Unit4动词-ing的用法(三):现在分词作定语和状语
必修四Unit5构词法
高中英语:高二语法(必修五、选修六、选修七、选修八)
必修五Unit1:过去分词作定语和表语
必修五Unit2:过去分词作宾语补足语
必修五Unit3:过去分词作状语和定语
人教版高中英语必修一第一单元语法
注意
▪ 主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时, 从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成 时。
人称变化
直接 引语 代词
I we you me us this these
间接
引语 he/ they I him/ them that those
代词 she
her
He said,“I like it very much.”
He said that he liked it very much.
He said to me,“I’ve left my book in your room.”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
直接引语中的状语
状 语
now
变 ago
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去完成进行时 过去完成时
直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况
✓当直接引语是客观真理时。
✓当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状 语时。 ✓当直接引语是过去完成时态时。 ✓当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般 将来时态时。
✓当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。
✓当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。
He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
He said that the earth goes around the sun.
Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ”
She said that she would finish her work the next day.
高中英语(新人教版)必修一知识点归纳
高中英语必修一知识点归纳Welcome Unit知识点归纳Part one Vocabulary1. exchange n.交换;交流vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换In exchange (for...)作为(与......的)交换exchange student 交换生exchange A for B 以A交换B:把A兑换成B exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物exchange opinions/ideas/views交流意见/想法/看法2. design1) n. 设计;图案;构思;打算,意图。
make designs for 为......做设计by design(=on purpose)故意地2) vt.设计,构思;计划;意欲。
design sth. for... 为...设计某物be designed to do... 旨在做...,用于做...3. anxious adj. 焦虑的;不安的be anxious for sb./ about sth. 为某人/某事担心be anxious for...渴望...be anxious (for sb.) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事be anxious that... 渴望...4. annoyed adj. 恼怒的;生气的be annoyed with sb.生某人的气be annoyed at/about sth.因某事生气be annoyed to do做...感到生气5. senior adj. 级别(或地位)高的n. 较年长的人senior high (school)高中be senior to sb. 比某人的地位/职位高6. impress vt. 使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象vi. 留下印象;引人注目have a(n) ...impression of... 对······有······印象leave/make a(n) ...impression on sb. 给某人留下······印象(be) under the impression that... 以为······,(通常指)误认为······7. concentrate on 集中精力于8. leave...alone 不打扰,不惊动9. explore vt.& vi. 探索;勘探exploration n. 探索,探测explorer n. 探险者;勘探者;考察者10. confident adj. 自信的;有把握的be confident about 对......有信心be confident of (doing) sth.对(做)······有把握be confident that... 确信······11. look forward to 盼望;期待12. organise vt. 组织;筹备;安排;组建vi. 组建;成立organisation n. 组织;团体;机构Part two Grammar句子成分和基本句型一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
人教版高中英语必修一知识点+语法总结(全面)
高一主要语法点人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语through 经历,经受 get through 通过;完成;接通电话2. set down 记下,放下 3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动); take part in 参加(活动) join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.) much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到… 才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。
一般前后要加引号。
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。
间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例:Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规则(一)陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
人教版高中英语必修一至必修五短语汇总
必修一1.add up 合计2.get sth done 使…被做3.calm ...down 镇定下来4.have got to 不得不5.be concerned about 关心;挂念6.walk the dog 遛狗7.hare sth with sb 和某人分享某物8.go through 经历;仔细检查,;通过(无被动)9.hide away 躲藏;隐藏10.set down 放下;记下11.a series of 一系列;一套12.be crazy about 对…着迷13.on purpose 故意14.in order to/ so as to 为了15.face to face 面对面地16.no longer = not any longer 不再17.get along with 与…相处18.pack up 收拾,打理行装19.have trouble with sb/sth 在…有困难20.fall in love(with) 相爱21.sb happen to do 碰巧做某事....=It happens/happened that....碰巧发生某事22.join (sb) in sth 参加(活动)23.get/be tired of 对.....厌烦24.get along (well) with 与... 进展的(好)25.cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物26.have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯27.suffer from 受.... 折磨28.be different from 与…不同29.play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色;在…中起作用;参与30.play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用31.because of 因为;由于32.such as 例如municate with sb 和…交流34.believe it or not 信不信由你35.be native to 某地特有的动物/植物;原产于......e up (vi) 走近;上来;出现;发生;被提出e up with sth提出38.be based on 在...基础上39.ever before 从前40.more +adj + than +adj 与其说.....倒不如说.....41.at the end of 在…末期42.even if/ though 即使43.make (good/ full) use of (好好/充分)利用44.change…into 把…变成45.in the early days 在早期46.from one place to another 从一处到另一处47.the same…as 与…相同的48.be absent from 缺席49.at present 目前50.be present at 在席;出席51.present sth to sb / present sb with sth赠礼物给某人mand sb to do 命令某人做某事53.ommand that sb (should) + V 原形54.one's command (由)某人指挥56 one's request 应某人的要求57.make a request 请求58.request sb to do 请求某人做某事59.request that …(should)+V原形60.have a (good) command of掌握(精通).....61.an international language 一门国际语言\62.an international organization 一个国际组织63.in the 1600’s = in the 1600s64.as we know 正如我们所知65.one-way fare 单程票66.round-trip fare 往返票67.take advantage of sth 利用....68.dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事69.graduate from 从…毕业70.persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事= persuade sb into doing sth71.persuade sb not to do sth 说服某人不做某事= persuade sb out of doing sth72.get sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣73.insist on/ upon (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要;坚持要74.insist that“坚持要求”从句谓语动词用(shoulid) do75.iinsist that “坚持说”从句用陈述语气76.the best way of doing / to do sth 干某事的最好办法77.at an altitude of 在…海拔上78.attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度79.care about 忧虑,关心; 在乎80.care for喜欢,照顾81.change one’s mind 改变主意82.to my mind = in my opinion83.make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事84.determine to do sth ( 动作)85.be determined to do sth(状态)决心干某事在句首或句尾作状语时determined to do sth86.give in (to sb / sth) 投降;屈服;让步87.give in (vt) 上交88.give up doing/sth 放弃89.ever since 自从...90.as usual 像往常一样91.at midnight 午夜92.make camp 野营,宿营93.put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷94.sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉95.sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事96.can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事97.for one thing… for another(引出某事的理由)一则...二则...98.have time to do 有时间做某事99.happen to do 碰巧做某事100.shake hands with sb 握手101.burst into tears/ laughter突然哭/笑起来=burst out crying/laughing102.lie /be in ruins 成为废墟103.cut across 穿过、横穿104.blow away 吹走、刮走105.fall down 倒塌106.rescue workers 救援人员107.be pleased to do 乐意做某事108.make/ give a speech 发表演说109.judging….from 根据……来判断110.tens of thousands of 成千上万111.dig out 挖掘112.a great/ large number of=a great many/good 大量的113.be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面114.have sb do sth 让某人做某事= make sb do sth= let sb do sthe to an end (vi) 结束某事= put/ bring sth to an end= put/ bring an end to sth116.be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪117.invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事118.think little of 对……评价低119.invite sb for/ to sth120.think highly of 对……评价高121.one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% 122.agree with sb123.give out 发出(气味等);分发;耗尽124.agree to sth125.give off 发出(气味等)126.agree to do sth127.give away 赠送;泄露128.agree on sth 达成一致意见129.give back 归还130.right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻131.as you know 正如你所知道的132.be known as 作为……而知名133.as is known to all 众所周知134.be known for 因……而出名135.as could be expected 正如可以预料到的136.it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的137.happen= take place= come about= break out偶发有计划偶发战争等爆发138.lose heart 丧失勇气139.worry about 担心(动作)140.lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上,喜欢上141.be worried about 担心(状态)142.be in trouble 处于不幸中143.be sentenced to 被判处144.be out of work (状态)145.lose one’s job 失业146.be equal to 等于,胜任147.s a matter of fact = in fact = actual事实上148.beg for 乞讨149.blow up 充气,爆炸150.go up 上升,增长;被兴建151.set up 建立,创立;设置,竖起152.send up 发射,使上涨153.set about 着手做某事(set about doing sth) 154.set off 出发,动身155.set up 设立,建立;设置,竖起156.set out 陈列,摆出;开始(set out to do sth)157.be active in= take an active part in 积极参与,在……活跃158.keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事= stop sb (from) doing sth= prevent sb (from) doing sth159.die for 为……而死160.die of 死于(内因如:饥饿,寒冷,疾病等)161die from 死于(外因)162.put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱163.advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事164.advice 不可数 a piece of advice165.advise doing sth166.advise that (should)+ v原167.advise sb on sth168.fight against 为反对……而斗争169.fight for 为争取……而斗争170.fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争171.have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth172.have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth173.work out 算出174.be willing to do sth 乐于做某事175.realize one’s dream of 实现…… 的梦想176.answer violence with violence 以暴制暴177.break the law 违反法律e to power 当权,上台179.social activities 社会活动必修二1. look into 调查2. insist on/upon sth/doing 坚持做,坚决做3. belong to属于4. get /be lost ; be missing迷路,丢失5. do with 处理;对付6. in search of ;in the/one’s search for寻找7. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事8. be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事9. be made into . .被制成;be made of /from用…制成(看得见原材料/看不见原材料)be made for为…制作,be made up of由…组成10. be of +抽象名词=be+该词的形容词“be of +名词(词组)”表示主语的某种形状或特征be of a(n) / the / the same“属于, 归于”be of the size / weight / height / age / colour / kind…11. work of amber art琥珀艺术品.12. as a gift of作为…的礼物13. in return 作为报答14. become part of成为…的一部分15. serve as充当,用作16. add…to…添加…到…17. great wonders of the world世界上的伟大奇迹18. be at war 处于交战状态19. less than少于20. no doubt 毫无疑问21. remain a mystery 仍然是个迷22. take apart拆开23. rather than胜于, 而不是24. every four years每四年,每隔三年25. tell the truth说实话26. pretend to do sth 假装做某事27. give an example from your own life 举一个你生活中的例子28. think highly of看重,重视29. search for =look for30. agree with sb同意某人的意见31.情态动词(could /might /must /should)+have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测,批评,反悔等意思32. have sth. done 表示“请人做某事”“使遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”33. take part in/join in 参加34. the spirit of精神、宗旨、灵魂35. used to过去常常36. find out 查明,找出37. every four years每四年,每隔三年38. two sets of 两套,两组39. allow sb. in(out)允许进入(出去)40. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事41. allow doing sth. 允许干某事。
高中英语新人教版必修一全册语法汇总(分单元编排)
高中英语必修一语法汇总Unit 1 短语短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。
一、名词短语(NP)名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语。
(1)These ideas may seem strange to you.作主语(2)Welove our great motherland very much.作宾语(3)Theman wearing a black coat is our teacher.作表语(4)Those beautiful flowers come from Yun’nan.作主语(5)Weelected him monitor of our class.作宾语补足语[归纳总结](1)名词短语在句中作名词用,一般用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
(2)名词短语由“(限定词)+(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)+名词+(介词短语)”组成。
[名师提醒]限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those等)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their等)和不定代词(some,no,neither,both等)。
[巩固内化1]指出黑体部分所作的成分①He got threegold medals at the 23rd Olympic Games.作宾语②The tall building was built last year.作主语③This is avery interesting book.作表语④We made him capital of our team.作宾补二、形容词短语(AdjP)形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句子中的功能相当于形容词。
(1)Theair today is nice and clean.作表语(2)Sheis a girl lively and lovely.作定语(3)Hefound the film very interesting.作宾语补足语[归纳总结](1)形容词短语在句中作形容词用,可以修饰名词或代词,作定语,还可用作表语或者宾语补足语等。
高中英语新人教版必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲
高中英语必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲【课本例句】诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1.(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.2.(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.3.(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.4.(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whowere trapped and to bury the dead.5.(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6.(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.7.Theboy whose father is a teacher is a newclassmate of mine.8.Chinais a country that/which has a long history.【发现总结】1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who,在定语从句中作主语。
2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that,在定语从句中作主语。
3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom,在定语从句中作宾语。
关系代词who/whom常用来指代人;关系代词that/which常用来指代物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。
人教版高中英语必修1-5短语表汇总
人教版高中英语必修1-5短语表汇总必修一1. be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事2. be fond of 喜爱3. be fluent in 熟练4. be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人5. be interested in 对...感兴趣6. be puzzled 困惑7. be similar to 与...相似8. break into 闯入9. call sb. back 给某人回电话10. carry out 实施必修二1. be aware of 意识到2. be equipped with 配备有3. be familiar with 熟悉4. be forced to 被迫5. be involved in 参与6. be responsible for 对...负责7. be skilled in 擅长8. be strict with 对...严格要求9. belong to 属于10. bring up 养育必修三1. be accustomed to 惯于2. be connected with 与...有关3. be engaged in 从事于4. be impressed by 对...留下印象5. be located in 位于6. be obsessed with 痴迷于7. be satisfied with 对...满意8. be worth 值得9. belong to 属于10. break down 损坏必修四1. be concerned about 关心2. be devoted to 致力于3. be exposed to 接触到4. be fortunate to 幸运地5. be influenced by 受...影响6. be prepared for 为...作准备7. be relevant to 与...相关8. be used for 用于9. be worried about 担心10. break out 爆发必修五1. be aimed at 旨在2. be bound to 必定4. be content with 对...满足5. be exposed to 接触到6. be involved in 涉及7. be responsible for 负责8. be tired of 对...厌倦9. be used to 惯于10. break through 突破以上是人教版高中英语必修1-5教材中常用的短语汇总。
人教版必修一至必修四语法大全
语法:一、倒装结构1. 副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词,而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前,即全部倒装。
Here comes the bus.注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。
B若主语是代词时,不用倒装。
---Where is your dog? ---There it is.2. 含有否定意义的词放句首,部分倒装。
A具有否定意义的副词放句首:not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few… Never has she seen a movie like that.B,含有否定意义的连词放句首:not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner…than.., scarely..than..,Hardly..when.., not until...*not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but (also), than, when后面的句子不倒. neither..nor..两部分都倒装。
No sooner had she fallen asleep than she heard a knock at the door.Hardly had it grown dark when she realized it is too late to go home.Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground.C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首:by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no circumstances...By no means could he succeed.3 only+状语,部分到装Only when she came home did he learn the news.4 表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事:肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语I have finished reading the text, so has my sister.否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语I could not persuade him to accept it, nor could I make him see its importance.5 as 作“尽管/虽然”,引导让步状语从句Much as he likes her,he does get annoyed with her sometimes.6 so ..that.., such ..that..的句子结构中,若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首,实行部分倒。
高考英语备考人教版高频词(必修一至选择性必修四)知识清单
新高考备考高频词(必修一至选择性必修四)1.charming adj.迷人的;有魅力的2.circulate vt.& vi.(使)循环;(使)流通3.civilize v.使文明,开化4.clarification n.澄清,阐明5.classification n.归类,分类,分级7.clause n.从句,分句;条款8.cliff n.悬崖,峭壁9.carpenter n.木匠10.casual adj.随意的;不定期的11.cautious adj.谨慎的;小心的12.cellar n.地窖,地下室13.certification n.证明,鉴定1415.changeable adj.易变的;变化无常的16.characterise vt.是……的特征,以……为典型17.bridegroom n.新郎18.brighten v.(使)发光,(使)发亮19.broaden v.拓宽20.budget n.预算21.burial n.埋葬22.cable n.电缆,电报vt.给……发电报23.calendar n.日历24.capture v.捕获;占领25.biography n.传记26.birthplace n.出生地;故乡27.blade n.刀片,刀刃28.bloom v.开花29.boast vt.以拥有……而自豪30.board n.板,木板;委员会vt.上(车、船或飞机)31.boundary n.边界;范围;分界线32.breakthrough n.突破;取得重大进展33.attendance n.出席人数;出席;参加34.accessible adj.易接近的;随和的35.acpany vt.陪伴;伴奏36.acplish vt.完成;实现37.account n.账目;描述;理由38.accumulate v.积累;积聚3940.achievement n.成就41.adaptation n.适应;改编42.admission n.准入;入场费4344.adore vt.崇拜;爱慕45.advantage n.优点;好处46.aggressive adj.侵略性的;有进取心的47.advertisement n.广告48.advocate vt.拥护;提倡49.afford vt.负担得起(……的费用);提供505155.alphabet n.字母表53.alternative adj.可选择的n.可供选择的事物54.altitude n.高地;高度5556.amateur adj.业余的;外行的n.业余选手57.ambition n.野心;抱负58.ambulance n.救护车5960.anniversary n.周年纪念日6162.antique n.古董,古玩63.apartment n.公寓64.apparent adj.表面上的;明显的65.appeal v.对……有吸引力;将……上诉;呼吁66.appetite n.食欲;嗜好67.approach vt.& vi.接近;靠近n.方法68.appropriate adj.适当的;恰当的697071.arbitrary adj.任意的;武断的72.assess vt.评定;估价73.abandon vt.放弃;抛弃;遗弃7475.abolish vt.废除;废止76.abruptly adv.突然地;意外地7778.absurd adj.荒谬的;可笑的79.abundant adj.大量的;充足的;丰富的80.accelerate vt.& vi.(使……)加快;加速882.coincidence n.碰巧;巧合83.colleague n.同事84.mitment n.承诺;忠诚;花费;投入85.panion n.同伴;同事86.petence n.能力;胜任87.plex adj.复杂的n.复合体88.promise n.& v.妥协;折中89.pulsory adj.义务的;强制的90.condemn vt.谴责;使注定91.conflict vt.冲突;抵触n.冲突;矛盾92.conscious adj.神志清醒的;有意识的93.consequence n.结果;后果94.conservative adj.保守的;守旧的95.considerate adj.体贴的;考虑周到的96.consistent adj.一贯的;一致的97.consult vt.咨询;商量;查阅98.contradictory adj.矛盾的;反对的99.conventional adj.传统的;因循守旧的100.convey vt.表达;传达101.controversial adj.有争议的;引起争议的102.conversation n.谈话;交谈103.corporation n.公司;法人104.correspond vi.一致;通信105.credit n.信用;赞扬;学分v.(给银行账户)存入金额106.criminal n.罪犯;犯人107.currency n.货币;通货108.customs n.海关;关税109.database n.资料库,数据库110.deadline n.最后期限,截止日期111.decline vt.& vi.婉拒;衰落;减弱n.减少;衰退11113.delicate adj.微妙的;精美的,雅致的114.description n.描述,描写115.destination n.目的地116.dignity n.尊严;高贵117.discount n.折扣vt.认为……不重要;打折扣118.diploma n.毕业文凭;学位证书119.feature n.特征;特色120.fiction n.小说;虚构的事121.fierce adj.猛烈的;凶猛的122.finance n.财政;金融123.flashlight n.手电筒124.flexible adj.灵活的;柔韧的;可弯曲的125.forgetful adj.健忘的;易忘的126.fortnight n.十四日;两星期127.fortune n.财产;运气128.fragile adj.脆的;易碎的129.furniture n.(总称)家具130.gardening n.园艺学131.garment n.衣服;服装;衣着132133.geography n.地理学134.gigantic adj.巨大的;巨人似的135.gifted adj.有天赋的;有才华的136137.gorgeous adj.绚丽的;极好的138.grasp vt.抓紧;领会139.grateful adj.感激的;表示感谢的140.greeting n.问候;迎接141.grumble vi.抱怨,发牢骚142.guarantee n.& vt.保证;担保143.guidance n.引导;指导144.guilty adj.有罪的;犯法的;感到惭愧的145.gymnasium n.体育馆146147.handy adj.手边的;附近的;方便的148.harbour (美harbor) n.港口149.hazard vt.使遭受危险n.危险150.headline n.(报刊的)大字标题151.hesitate vt.犹豫;踌躇152.hopeless adj.没有希望的;绝望的153.horrible adj.令人恐惧的;恐怖的154.humor n.幽默,幽默感15156.hypothesis n.假设;前提157.ideal adj.理想的;美好的158.identification n.鉴定;识别159.idiom n.习语;成语160161.illegal adj.非法的;不合法的162163.immigration n.移民164.import vt.& n.进口;输入165.impression n.印象;感觉166.incorrect adj.不正确的;错误的167.independence n.独立independent adj.独立的;有主见的168.indicate vt.指示;表明169.industry n.产业170171172.innocent adj.清白的;无辜的173173.inspect vt.检查;检验;审视174.inspire vt.激发;鼓舞175.instant n.瞬间;刹那176. instruct vt.通知;指示nstruction n.说明;须知;教导178.instrument n.乐器;工具;器械179.insurance n.保险180.intelligence n.智力;智慧181.intelligent adj.有智力的;聪明的182.interrupt vt.& vi.打扰,打断188.interval n.间歇;间隔189.invitation n.邀请;请帖190191192.journalist n.记者;新闻工作者193.judgment n.判断力;看法;裁决194.jungle n.丛林;密林195.junior adj.初级的;年少的196.justice n.正义;公正;司法197.kidnap vt.& n.拐走;绑架198.kindergarten n.幼儿园199.kitchen n.厨房200.knowledge n.知识;学问201.landscape n.风景;景色202.lame adj.跛的;瘸的;残废的203.laughter n.笑;笑声204.launch vt.发射;发起(运动)205.laundry n.洗衣店;洗衣房206.learned adj.有学问的;博学的207.leftover adj.剩余的;剩下的208.legend n.传说;传奇209.liberation n.解放210.liberty n.自由211.license n.执照;许可证212.literature n.文学213.location n.位置;地方214.logical adj.逻辑上的;符合逻辑的215.loose adj.松散的;宽松的216.loudspeaker n.扬声器,喇叭217.luggage n.(总称)行李218219.maintain vt.维持;保持220.majority n.大多数221.maximum adj.& n.最大量(的);最大限度(的) 222.meanwhile adv.同时,与此同时223.media n.新闻媒介;新闻媒体224.mental adj.精神的;智力的mentally adv.精神上;智力上225.mention n.提及vt.提到;说起226.merchant n.商人;生意人227.merciful adj.仁慈的;宽大的228.merely adv.仅仅;只不过229.mess n.凌乱230.midnight n.午夜231.mild adj.温和的;轻微的232.mineral n.矿物质,矿物233.minister n.部长;牧师234.minority n.少数;少数民族235236.mixture n.混合;混合物237.monument n.纪念碑;纪念物238239.motivation n.动机;动力240.motto n.箴言;格言241242.mouthful n.满口;一口243.multiply vt.& vi.乘;(使)增加;繁殖244.musician n.音乐家;乐师245.mystery n.神秘;神秘的事物246.nationwide adj.全国范围的;全国性的247.negotiate vi.谈判;商议248.neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻;邻近地区249.normal n.& adj.正常的(状态) 250.nutrition n.营养;营养品251252.occupation n.职业;占有253254.optional adj.可选择的;随意的255.outspoken adj.坦率的;直言不讳的256.outstanding adj.杰出的;显著的257.overlook vt.忽略;俯瞰;远眺258259.oxygen n.氧气260.parallel adj.平行的n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等);相似特征261.passive adj.被动的;消极的262.passport n.护照263.pattern n.式样264.plain adj.朴素的;简单的;普通的26266.portable adj.手提的;便携式的2626269.promote vt.促进;提升270.punctual adj.准时的;守时的271.queue n.& vi.队列;排队272.rainfall n.降雨;降雨量273274.reflect vt.反映;反射275.register v.登记;注册n.登记表;注册簿276.resemble vt.类似;像277.sacred adj.神的;神圣的;受崇敬的278.shallow adj.浅的;不深的;肤浅的279280.stream n.小河;溪流281.subjective adj.主观的;主语的282283.tentative adj.不确定的;暂定的284.transparent adj.透明的;显然的。
人教版高中英语必修一至必修四语法
1.名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能, 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词: that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”, “似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever连接副词: when, where, how, why不可省略的连词:1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下, whether 不能被if 取代:1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从.3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"o.not.Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末, 用it充当形式主语。
二.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that, whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以与连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。
that在句中无词义, 只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用, 在从句中充当从句的成分。
必修一到必修四课文概括(语法填空)
Book 1 Unit 1一Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World WarⅡ. Her family was Jewish ____1___ they had to hide or they would be ____2____ (catch) by the German Nazis. During that time she wasn’t able to go outdoors for so long ___3___ she had grown so crazy ___4___ everything to do with nature. One everything, she stayed awake ___5___ purpose to have a good look at the moon by herself. But she didn’t dare open a window. Another time she happened to be upstairs at dusk ____6_____ the window was open. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held her ____7____ (entire) in their power. It was the first time in a year and a half __8_____ she’d seen the night face to face.Anne felt very lonely without seeing her old friends. So she had to make a new friend, her diary Kitty, whom she could tell everything ___9_____. ____10____ (sad), at last, her family were discovered and caught by the German Nazis something later.二Lisa and Xiao Dong are ___1____ senior high school students ___2____ have trouble at school. Lisa is getting ____3___ well with a boy classmate and they have become good ___4_____ (friend), ___5_____ others have started gossiping, ___6____ (think) they have fallen in love. She doesn’t want to end the friendship but hates others _____7____ (gossip). Xiao Dong has difficulty ____8______ (communicate) with people. ___9____ he tries to talk to his classmates, he still finds ___10_____hard to make friends, so he feels lonely sometimes and wants to change the situation.Unit 2 一English has changed and ____1____ (develop) when cultures meet and communicate ____2___ each other. From about AD 450 to 1150, new settlers to England _____3____ (enrich) the English language and enlarged its vocabulary. In 1620, some British people began to move to other countries, and ___4_____ (gradual), English ___5____ spoken in many other countries. By the 19th century American English spelling got a separate identity ___6_____ Noah Webster wrote his dictionary. ____7___ present, more people speak English ____8_____ their second or a foreign language than ever before. People in South Asia such ___9____ India, Singapore speak fluent English. China may have the ____10____ number of English learners.二Believe it ____1___ not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people think that the English ____2____ (speak) on TV and the radio is standard English ___3______ when radio was invented at first, those ____4_____ reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. _____5____ there are many differences in the way people speak on TV and the radio. American English has many ____6____ (dialect) and even two people from ____7____ (neighbour) towns speak a little differently. Geography also plays a part ___8_____ making dialects inAmerica. Americans took their dialects with them ______9____ they moved. They will recognize and understand each other’s dialects, ____10___ they move a lot.Unit 3 一Wang Kun and his sister Wang Wei had dreamt about _____1____ (take) a great bike trip. They decided to cycle ___2___ the Mekong River, from ___3___ it begins to where it ends. Wang Wei _____4___ (insist) that they start in Qinghai where the river begins in order to see all of the Mekong River. Wang Kun said that would be very difficult, because their journey would begin ____5___ an altitude of more than 5,000 metres. But Wang Wei refused to change her mind, ___6___ (say) that it would be an interesting experience.The Mekong River begins in a glacier ___7___ a Tibetan mountain. The river is small at first. It moves ____8___ (rapid) as it passes ___9____ deep valleys. Sometimes, the river enters wide valleys and becomes a waterfall. After it flows out of China, it continues to flow through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. At last, in Vietnam it ___10____ (enter) the South China Sea.二When they were in Tibet, it was already snowing, ___1___ it was autumn. Sometimes they looked like snowmen riding bicycles. On the road children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at them. Wang Wei was very ___2____ (rely) and rode in front of Wang Kun ___3____ usual. The view around them was so beautiful ___4___ they were surprised. At one point they felt as if they werecycling through clouds ____5____ they were so high. Then it ____6___ (gradual) became much warmer and they had to change heavy clothes for T-shirts and shorts. In the early evening they would stop to make camp and cook food. Wang Kun stayed ___7___ (wake) until midnight with only the _____8___ (flame) of the fire for company. ____9____ the stars Wang Kun thought about the journey ____10___ the hope of meeting their cousins as soon as possible.Unit 4 一Strange things happened ____1___ Tangshan Earthquake happened. The well walls had deep cracks. A ___2____ (smell) gas came out of them. The water pipes cracked and burst. At 3:42 ___3___ the morning of July 28,1976, everything began to shake. It seemed as ____4____ the world was ____5_____ an end. Stream burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Soon the whole city lay ___6___ ruins. Many people died or were ___7____ (injure). Everything in the city was ____8___ (destroy). People were shocked ____9____ this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those ____10___ were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city. Slowly the city began to breathe again.二In the letter, Zhang Sha offers ____1____ (congratulate) to the winner of the high school speaking _____2______ (compete) about new Tangshan. And she tells the winner a group of five ____3____ (judge) heard the speech and agreed that____4_____ was the best one this year.Then she invites the winner ____5___ speak to the visitors to a new park ___6___ will be opened to ____7____ public to honour those ____8____ died in Tangshan earthquake and those ___9___ helped the survivors. Zhang Sha also hopes that the winner will bring his or her family and friends on the ______10____ (specially) day of July 28.Unit 5 一Elias was a poor black worker. The time ___1____ he first met Nelson Mandela was ___2____ very difficult period of his life. Nelson Mandela offered ____3____ (guide) to poor black people ___4___ their legal problems. Elias was not at school for long, ___5___ his family could not afford his school fees and the bus fare. When he was worried about whether he would be out ___6___ work because he didn’t have the passbook, Nelson Mandela told him what to do. That day was one of Elias’s ______7____ (happy) days in his life. Later, Elias joined the ANC Youth League organized by Nelson Mandela. In 1963, Elias helped Mandela ___8____ (blow) up some government buildings. It was very dangerous ____9____ Elias was happy because he thought it would help them achieve their dream of making black and white people ____10_____ (equality).二Robben Island was a prison from _____1____ no one _____2_____(escape). When Elias got to Robben Island, Mandela was also there and helped him. Mr.Mandela began a school and taught them during the lunch breaks and the evenings when they should have been asleep. In order ___3____ see the words they used anything they could find to make candles. Mr. Mandela ____4____ (encourage) the prison guards to join them and said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. After Elias was set free from the prison, he found a job ___5____ he was better _____6____ (educate). But he lost his job after the police found _____7____ and told his boss about his experiences. When Mr. Mandela and the ANC came ___8___ power, he was given a job ____9____ (take) visitors around the prison on Robben Island. Though he felt bad the first time he talked to a group, he was proud ____10____ (show) visitors over the prison, because he helped to make black people free in their own land.Book 2 Unit1Nobody could have imagined that the Amber Room, one of the wonders of the world, has such an 1 (amaze) history. Actually, the Amber Room was designed 2 the palace of Frederick I. The room was made of several tons of amber, which easily melts when 3 (heat). But the next King of Prussia decided to give it to the Russian people as a gift of friendship. In return, the Czar sent a troop of his best soldiers to the Prussian. So the Amber Room became the part of the Czar’s winter palace in St Petersburg. It served as a small 4 (receive) hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine II had it 5 (move) to a place 6 she spent her summers. Before the Nazis got to the summer palace, the Russians were only able to remove some furniture and smallart objects from the room. Some of the Nazis 7 (secret) stole the room.8 that, 9 happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Recently, the two countries have built a new Amber Room by studying old photos of the former 10 .Unit2 一The Olympic Games are the 1 (big) sports in the world. There are two kinds of Olympic Games. 2 is the Summer Olympic Games, and the other is the Winter Olympic Games. Both of them are held 3 four years. All countries can take part 4 their athletes reach the standard to be admitted to the games.Women are not only allowed to join in 5 play a very important role. A special village is built for the 6 (compete)to live in, including a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, a gym and seats for audience 7 watch the games. It is 8 honour to host the Olympic Games. In addition, to many countries it’s just as much a competition to host the Olympic Games 9 to win an Olympic medal. Nowadays the olive wreath 10 (replace) by medals. But it’s still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further.二Atlanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and could run faster than 1 man in Greece. But she was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games. She was 2 angry that she said to her father that she would notmarry anyone who could not run faster than her. Her father said that she must marry and asked her 3 she wanted to marry a king or prince. But Atlanta replied, “I will only be married to a man who can run faster than me. When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run 4 him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he 5 (kill). No one will be pardoned.”Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta when they heard of her rules, many of them 6 (sad) went home. There was a man called Hippomenes 7 was amazed when he heard of the Atlanta’s rules, “Why are these men so 8 (fool)? Why will they let 9 be killed because they cannot run as fast as the princess?” However, when he saw Atlanta 10 (come) out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind, “I will marry Atlanta ---or die!” he said.Unit3 一No one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1 (1960). There were times when my sizes was 2 (total) changed. I became smaller and thinner but I got cleverer and cleverer, quicker and quicker. And my memory became so large 3 I couldn’t believe it!But I was always so lonely 4 (stand) there by myself. They gave me a family 5 (connect) by a network in the early 1960s. I could share information 6 others and we could talk to each humans using BASIC. Since then, my family and I 7 (use) by 8 (million) of people to deal with information and communicate with each otheraround the world. I love being used 9 connect people who aren’t close enough to speak to each other. I have truly been built to served the human race my birth.二Andy is part of an android football team. As a 1 (strike) on the football team, he can run very fast. His computer chips help 2 to move and think 3 a human. Last year, his team competed 4 another one and won second place. He thought the team 5 won first place 6 (cheat),and he wanted his 7 (program) to improve his 8 (intelligent), because he thought that they could work 9 to create 10 even better system.Unit4 一One day a girl called Daisy dreamed a strange dream. She 1 (fly) to Tibet in a flying carpet and talked with an antelope. The sad antelope told her that they 2 (hunt) because their fur can be used to make sweaters for people 3 her. In several years they may all be gone. 4 , Daisy was taken to Zimbabwe 5 she talked with an elephant and learned 6 (happy) that the farmers there no longer hunted them. That’s 7 the government decided to help and asked the tour companies to bring 8 (tour) to the area to take photos or to hunt. And they set the number of animals to be hunted. As a result, farmers made a lot of money. At last, Daisy arrived at a thick rainforest where a monkey told her that it had found a millipede insect andrubbed over its body 9 (prevent) mosquitoes. The monkey also told her, “No rainforest, no animals, no drugs.”10 it only a dream, Daisy had learned so much.二Many wild plants and animals have died out during the long history of the earth. And dinosaurs are the 1 (much) famous of the animals. They came2 being much earlier than humans. There were many3 (differ) kinds of dinosaurs have been4 (discover) in some places of China. However, dinosaurs died out suddenly. May be it’s because of an5 (expect) incident6 a huge rock from space hit the earth. Maybe that the earth got7 hot for the dinosaurs to live on anymore caused their8 (extinct). No one knows 9 sure why and 10 dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time.Uint5 一Most of us have 1 (dream) of being famous in our lives. Most musicians often meet and form a band. Sometimes they play in the street to2 (passer-by) so3 they can learn some extra money and this also gives4 a chance to realize their dreams. There was once a band that started in different way. The musicians were to play jokes5 each other as well as play music. Their music and jokes were loosely6 (base) on the Beatles. Their exciting7 (perform) were copied by other groups. Later the Monkees played and wrote their8 music. Though it broke9 about1970, it (unit) in the mid-1980s.二1 (short)after Freddy and his band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour,2 fans showed great3 (devote) to them, and he was quite4 (confidence). He accepted the most exciting5 (invite) to perform on a TV programme and he went to London to give a6 (perform),after7 , they were truly stars.Then things went wrong. They couldn’t go anywhere 8 being followed and their personal life was 9 (regular) discussed by others. At last, feeling very upset and sensitive, they decided to leave the countries before it became too 10 (pain) for them.Book 3 Unit 1We have festivals and _1____(celebrate)of all kinds. Ancient people held festivals and celebrations to celebrate the end of cold winter, planting in spring or harvest in autumn. Some festivals are __2_____ memory of the ancestors. People light lamps or incense, play music on an important feast day, and offer good things to the dead. Festivals can also be held ___3______ honour famous people or the gods. These festivals have their _____4____(origin) for special people or events, like the Dragon Boat Festival ___5______ honours the famous poet Qu Yuan. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are held in many countries. People decorate churches, get together, have meals or win awards for competitions. On Mid-autumn Festival people ___6______(admiration) the moon and enjoymooncakes. Chinese New Year is an ____7_____(energy) and important festival. People look ___8______ to_____9____(dress) up, eating dumplings, giving children lucky money in red paper and playing dragon dances. The celebration of the Lunar New Year may take ___10______ throughout the country, day and night.Unit 2一Wang Peng was the owner of a restaurant. This morning he felt very___1______(frustrate) when he saw _____2____ of his customers would eat in his restaurant. In his opinion, nothing could be ___3______(good) than his fried rice, mutton kebabs, fatty pork or his_____4____(sugar) cola. __5_______(curious) drove him to follow one of his old friends into Yong Hui’s newly-opened restaurant. He was amazed __6_______ the menu there: raw vegetables, fruit and water. In order to win his customers back, he went to the library to do some research, __7_______showed Yong Hui’s menu didn’t give enough energy-giving food. In fact, there was___8______(weak) in Wang Peng’s menu as well. So the only____9_____(solve) is to combine the two menus together to get___10______ balanced one.二A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full of people. He thought perhaps he would be able_1_(earn)his living,and he didn’t look forward to being_2_debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. Suddenly he sawYong Hui_3_(walk)in,who looked unhappy and _4_at him. She thought he came to her restaurant the other day only_5_(spy) on her and her menu. Wang Peng invited her to try a meal in his restaurant and they had a good time. After _6_, they_7_their ideas and provided a _8_(balance)menu with food full of energy and fibre. In this way they cut_9_the fat and increased the fibre in the meal. Before long Yong Hui put on more weight and Wang Peng because_10_(slim). At last they got married and lived happily ever after.Unit 3一Henry, a businessman, whose birthplace was America, landed in Britain____1_____ accident. ___2______(be) penniless, he earned his passage by working as _____3____ unpaid hand. That made him look bad. __4_______(wander) in the street one day, he was invited to a big house. Then something unbelievable happened to him. Inside the house, Henry was so hungry that he___5______(stare) at the food ___6______(leave) on the table when the two wealthy brothers asked him some questions. Henry told them it was all his fault that he arrived in London, and ____7_____ he had tried ____8_____(seek) help but no luck. He thought the two brothers made fun of him at first. __9_______ the contrary, they gave him a letter which Henry promised not to open ____10_____ 2 o’clock.二Henry went into a restaurant and sat down at a table next_1_the frontwindow, but the owner told him the table was_2_(reserve). Then he was put in _3_back of the restaurant. Horse took_4_order and Henry asked for a meal _5_cost a large amount of money. _6_the owner and the waiter served him in a rude manner, Henry had a wonderful meal. When he took out the bank note to pay the bill,all the people present were_7_(shock),and the hostess even_8_(scream). They doubted_9_the note was genuine, because Henry was in_10_. At last, when Henry left the restaurant, the owner, the hostess and the waiter all bowed to him.Unit 4一The earth is a special planet in the solar system. The explosion of the earth produced carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ____1___(make)the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth cooled___2____, water which was fundamental____3___ the development of life appeared and stayed on the surface. The continued ____4___(present) of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, and this produced a chain reaction which made__5_____ possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later, the arrival of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish _6______all sorts of fish. Then, with the green plants appearing on land, land animals appeared and dinosaurs developed and exited on the earth for millions of years. Then dinosaurs’ sudden disappearance made the rise of mammals possible onthe earth. They were different from all life forms___7____ ever existed in the past because they produced young from within their bodies. Finally, some small clever animals with hands and feet____8___(appear)and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in____9___turn, become the most important animals. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. So for millions of years to come, ____10__life will continue on the earth will depend on whether the present problem can be solved.二Last month, Li Yanping and I made a trip to the moon_1_a spaceship. Li told me that the gravity force would change three times. First, _2_we escaped the pull of the earth’s gravity, we were_3_(push)back into our seats. Closer to the moon, there was_4_gravity. I_5_(cheer)up immediately and_6_(float)weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin. On the moon, my weight was less than on the earth. Waling_7_(do)need a bit of practice now_8_gravity had changed. After a while I got the hang_9_it and we began to enjoy ourselves. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched,amazed as fire broke_10_on the outside of the spaceship.Unit5一Li Daiyu and Liu Qian were__1_____a trip to Canada. Their friend, Danny Lin, took them to catch “The True North” and the three ___2____(chat) about their trip. He told them one cannot cross Canada in less than five days____3___Canada is 5,500kilometres from coast to coast. Going ___4____(east), they saw beautiful scenery as well as cities. Vancouver is ___5____(surround)by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. And its population is increasing __6_____(rapid). When they settled ___7____in the seats, they saw mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Calgary is famous for the Calgary Stampede and___8____(attract) many cowboys who have a __9_____for riding wild horses. Then they went through____10__wheat-growing province and across Thunder Bay. As they slept, the train rushed towards Toronto.二Toronto is the most_1_(wealth)and_2_(big)city in Canada. There is the tall CN Tower and the famous Niagara Falls, _3_is beautiful with_4_(mist)cloud that_5_(rise)from it. There_6_also the_7_(cover)stadium and three Chinatowns_8_you can get good Cantonese food. Montreal has a_9_(French)culture. People speak both French and English. There are signs and ads in French. It’s nice to sit in a cafe, _10_(look)over the broad St Lawrence River.Book 4 Unit 1Jane Goodall has studied chimps for many years in Africa to help people __1__ (understand) how much they behave like humans. __2__ (watch) a family of chimps wake up is our first activity. We are very tired after a whole day’s work but the evening makes __3__ worthwhile because we can see the mother chimp and her babies play together in the tree.Jane spent years __4__ (observe) and recording their daily activities. __5__ her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in __6__ own environment. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken __7__ making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should not be used for __8__ (entertain) and she has helped to set up special places __9__ they can live safely. She __10__ (lead) a busy life now. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.二Lin Qiaozhi was a specialist in women’s diseases. She wrote a book __1__ (explain) how to cut the death rate from having and caring __2__ babies for mothers in __3__ countryside __4__ were not able to reach a doctor when they had an emergency.It was not easy for a woman __5__ (get) medical training at that time because that was a generation __6__ girls’education was always placed __7__ (two) to boys’. But __8__ was Lin Qiaozhi’s hard work and __9__ (determine) as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. Her kindness and __10__ (consider) she showed to all her patients made her succeed.Unit 2 一Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longpingconsiders __1__ a farmer, __2__ he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like __3__ of millions of Chinese farmers, for__4__ he has struggled for the past five decades. Yuan Longping grows __5__ is called super hybrid rice. In 1973, he became the first __6__ (agriculture) pioneer in the world __7__ (grow) rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes __8__ possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. Now __9__ than 60% of the rice __10__ (produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.二Chemical fertilizers are popular __1__ they stop disease and increase __2__ (produce), but long-term use of them can cause damage__3__ the land and even to people’s health. Organic farming is __4__ (grow) crops with natural but not chemical fertilizers. Organic farmers focus __5__ keeping their soil rich and free of disease. They think this makes soil __6__ (rich) in minerals and so more fertile. Organic farmers __7__ wants to keep the soil fertile often change the kind of crop in each field __8__ few years, or plant crops to use different levels of soil, or plant grass between away the crop to prevent wind or water from __9__ (carry) away the soil. __10__, these methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.Unit 3 一As an outstanding __1__ (humor) actor, Charlie Chaplin brightened the lives of Americans and British during the period of silent films. He made people laughat a time __2__ they felt depressed, so they could feel more content __3__ their lives.His charming character, the little tramp, was well-known all over the world. It was a poor and __4__ (home) person wearing large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat, and carrying __5__ walking stick. A social __6__ (fail) as the little tramp was, __7__ was loved by all the people for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties and being kind to others even when they were unkind to him. In the famous film The Gold Rush, Chaplin managed to make the sad situation —eating a boiled shoe __8__ (entertain) by using nonverbal humor.__9__ is Charlie Chaplin, loved and remembered as a great actor __10__ could inspire people with great confidence.二Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went __1__ (camp) in a __2__ (mountain) area. They were lying in the __3__ air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked __4__ at the stars and asked Watson in __5__ (whisper) what he thought of __6__ he looked at that beautiful sky. Watson replied that he thought of how short life was and how long the universe had lasted. Holmes asked the same question __7__ second time. This time Watson thought of how small he was and how vast the sky was. Holmes asked Watson to try again. Watson tried a __8__ (three) time and he thought of how cold the universe was and how warm people could be __9__ their beds. Holmes couldn’t control himself at the moment. He shouted toWatson that he was a fool, for he should be thinking that someone __10__ (steal) their tent.Unit 4 一Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. The first person __1__ (arrive) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely __2__ (follow) by Julia Smith from Britain. When they were introduced to each other, Tony __3__ (approach) Julia Smith, touched her shoulder and kissed her __4__ the cheek. She stepped back __5__ (appear) surprised and put up hands, as if in __6__ (defense). There was a misunderstanding.__7__ I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “body language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, __8__ are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people __9__ (communicate) with spoken language, they also express their feelings using __10__(speak) “language”through physical distance, actions or posture.二Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, and smile is the most universal __1__ (face) expression, __2__ function is to show happiness and put people __3__ ease. It doesn’t always mean that we are __4__。
人教版高中英语语法点
人教版高中英语语法点
1. 名词:可数名词及其单复数,不可数名词,名词所有格。
2. 代词:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词。
3. 数词:基数词,序数词。
4. 冠词:定冠词,不定冠词。
5. 形容词和副词:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
6. 介词:表示时间、地点、方向等。
7. 连词:并列连词和从属连词。
8. 动词:动词时态(现在时、过去时、将来时等),动词语态(主动语态、被动语态),情态动词等。
9. 句子种类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
10. 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
11. 主谓一致:主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
12. 并列句和复合句:并列句由并列连词连接两个或多个简单句构成;复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。
13. 倒装句:为了强调或保持句子平衡而将谓语或其他成分置于主语之前。
14. 省略句:在语境明确的情况下省略某些成分以使句子更简洁。
人教版高中英语必修一-必修四英语词性变化
人教版高中英语必修一-必修四英语词性变化-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1高考必修1-必修4单词词性转换高一必修一单词短语Unit1一、单词词性1.ignore vt.不理睬;忽视→ignorance n.愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的;粗鲁的2.concern vt. & n.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到;担心;关注;(利害)关系→concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于3.power n.能力;力量;权力→powerful adj.有权势的4.settle vi.安家;定居;停留vt.使安居;安排;解决→settled adj.→settlement n.安居;定居5.suffer vt. &vt.遭受;忍受;经历→suffering n.痛苦;折磨6.recover vi. &vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得→recovery n.痊愈7.exactly adv.确实如此;正是;确切地→exact adj.精确的8.disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n.→agree 反义词9.outdoor adj.户外的;室外的→outdoors adv.在户外;在野外n.野外;郊外→indoors adv.在室内;进入户内10.entire adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirely adv.完全地;全然地;整个地11.dust n.灰尘→dusty adj.积满灰尘的Unit2一、单词词性1.official adj.官方的;正式的;公务的→office n.办公室→officer n.官员3.native adj.本国的;本地的 n.本地人;本国人4.actually adv.实际上;事实上5.base vt.以……为根据n.基部;基地;基础→basic adj.基本的;基础的6.gradual adj.逐渐的,逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地7.identity n.本身;本体;身份→identical adj.相同的,一样的→identify v.确定;认出;鉴定8.fluent adj.流利的;流畅的→fluently adv.流利地,流畅地→fluency n.流利,流畅9.frequent adj.频繁的;常见的→frequently adv.常常;频繁地→frequency n.频率;频度10.usage n.使用;用法;词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n. & v.使用,利用12.request n.& vt.请求;要求13.expression n.词语;表示;表达→express v.表达→expressive adj.富于表情的;有表现力的14.recognize vt.辨认出;承认;公认→recognizable adj.容易认出的;易于识别的→recognition n.认出;认识;识别15.base vt.以……为根据 n.基部;基地;基础→basic ad j.基本的;基础的→basis n.基础;基本原则16.spell v.拼写;拼成→spelling n.拼写;拼法17.latter adj.较后的;后半的;后者的→former adj.(反义词)前者的→later adv.(形近词)更迟的;后来;随后Unit3一、单词词性1.journal n.日记;杂志;定期刊物→journalist n.记者2.transport n. & vt.运输;运送→transportation n.交通工具3.prefer vt.更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)→preferable adj.较适合的;更可取的→preference n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱4.disadvantage n.不利条件;不便之处→advantage(反义词)5.persuade vt.说服;劝说→persuasion n.劝服→persuasive adj.劝说的;有说服力的6.graduate vi.毕业n.大学毕业生→graduation n.毕业7.organize vt.组织;成立→organized adj.有组织的→organization n.组织8.determine vt.决定;确定;下定决心→determined adj.坚决的;有决心的→determination n.决心9.cycle vi.骑自行车→cyclist n.骑自行车的人10.rely vi.依靠;信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的Unit4一、单词词性1.burst vi.爆裂;爆发 n.突然破裂,爆发 burst-burst-burst2.nation n.民族;国家;国民→national adj.国家的,民族的→nationality n.国籍3.suffering n.苦难;痛苦→suffer v.受苦,遭受4.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.5.injure vt.损害;伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.伤害,损害6.useless adj.无用的;无效的;无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n.使用,利用7.electricity n.电;电流;电学→electric adj.用电的;带电的;发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的;电学的8.frighten vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的9.judge n.裁判员;法官 vt.断定;判断;判决→judgement n.判断,判决10.express vt.表示;表达n.快车;速递→expression n.表达→expressive adj.有表现力的11.dirt n.污垢;泥土→dirty adj.脏的;肮脏的12.shock n.休克;震惊;打击vt.& vi.( 使)震惊;震动→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的13.rescue n.&vt.援救;营救→rescuer n.救援者14.frighten vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的15.congratulate v.祝贺→congratulation n.祝贺;(复数)贺词Unit5一、单词词性1.active adj.积极的;活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n.活动2.devote vt.(与to连用)献身;专心于→devoted adj.忠实的,深爱的→devotion n.奉献3.found vt.建立;建设4.peaceful adj.和平的;平静的;安宁的→peace n.和平5.legal adj.法律的;依照法律的→illegal(反义词)6.hopeful adj.怀有希望的;有希望的→hopeless(反义词)→hope n. & v.希望7.youth n.青年;青年时期8.violence n.暴力;暴行→violent adj.猛烈的,凶暴的9.equal adj.相等的,平等的→equally adv.相等地→equality n.同等,平等10.willing adj.乐意的;自愿的11.educate vt.教育;训练→educated adj.受过教育的;有教养的→education n.教育12.relative n.亲戚;亲属→relation n.关系→relationship n.关系13.terror n.恐怖;可怕的人;恐怖时期;恐怖活动→terrorism n.恐怖主义→terrorist n.恐怖分子14.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的→generously adv.慷慨地;宽大地;丰盛地→generosity n.慷慨;大方;宽宏大量15.self n.自我;自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的;忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地;忘我地16.guide n.指南;向导;导游vt.引导;带领→guidance n.指导;领导17.legal adj.法律的;依照法律的→illegal adj.非法的;违法的18.equal adj.相等的;平等的→equally adv.相等地;平等地;公平地→equality n.平等;相等19.will n.意志;决心;意愿;遗嘱→willing adj.乐意的;自愿的→unwilling adj.不愿意的;不情愿的20.cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的→cruelly adv.残酷地→cruelty n.残忍;残酷必修二单词词性及短语归纳Unit1一、单词词性1.valuable adj.贵重的;有价值的→value n.价值 v.估价→invaluable adj.无法估价的,无价的2.survive vi.幸免;;生幸存还→survivor n.幸存者→survival n.幸存,存活3.amaze vt.使吃惊;惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.感到吃惊的→amazement n.惊奇,惊异4.select vt.挑选;选择→selective adj.有选择性的5.design n.设计;图案;构思vt.设计;计划;构思→designer n.设计者6.decorate v.装饰;装修→decoration n.装饰,装饰物8.remove vt.移动;搬开→removal n.移动;排除9.doubt n.怀疑;疑惑vt.怀疑;不信→doubtful adj.怀疑的10.evidence n.根据;证据→evident adj.明显的;有线索的11.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸12.formal adj.正式的→informal adj.(反义词)非正式的Unit2一、单词词性1.compete vi.比赛;竞争→competition n.比赛;竞争→competitive adj.有竞争性的→competitor n.竞争者2.magical adj.巫术的;魔术的;有魔力的→magic adj.魔术的;不可思议的;n.魔法,魔术→magician n.魔术师3.volunteer n.志愿者;志愿兵adj.志愿的;义务的(vt. & vi.)自愿→voluntary adj.自愿的,自发的4.host vt.做东;主办;招待→hoster n.男主持人,男主人→hostess n.女主人,女主持人5.responsibility n.责任;职责→responsible adj.有责任的,对……负责的6.physical adj.物理的;身体的→physics n.物理→physicist n.物理学家→physician n.内科医生7.advertise vt. & vi.作广告;登广告→advertisement n.广告→advertiser n.广告客户8.regular adj.规则的;定期的;常规的→regularly adv.定期地;有规律地→regulation n.规则;规章制度9.basis n.基础;根据→basic adj.基础的;基本的10.admit vt.&vi.容许;承认;接纳→admission n.承认;入场费;进入许可11.slave n.奴隶→slavery n.奴隶制度;奴隶身份12.advertise vt.&vi.做广告;登广告→advertiser n.广告商→advertisement n.广告13.hope n.&v.希望;期望→hopeful adj.有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的;绝望的Unit3一、单词词性1.universal adj.普遍的;通用的;宇宙的→universe n.宇宙→universally adv.普遍地2.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的3.technology n.工艺;科技;技术→technological adj.科技的4.revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的5.intelligence n.智力;聪明;智能→intelligent adj.有才智的;聪明的6.solve vt.解决;解答→solution n.解答7.reality n.真实;事实;现实→real adj.真实的,真正的8.finance n.金融;财经→financia l adj.金融的,财政的9.operate v.操作;手术→operator n.(电脑)操作员;接线员→operation n.操作;手术10.technology n.工艺;科技;技术→technological adj.科技的11.personal adj.私人的;个人的;亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言;亲自→personality n.个性;人格12.total adj.总的;整个的n.总数;合计→totally adv.完全地;整个地13.apply v.申请;应用→applicant n.申请人→application n.应用;用途;申请14.explore vt.&vi.探索;探测;探究→explorer n.探测者→exploration n.勘探;探测;探险15.appear v.出现→appearance n.外观;外貌;出现Unit4一、单词词性1.protection n.保护→protect v.保护→protective adj.保护的,防护的2.loss n.损失;遗失;丧失→lose v.遗失,丢失→loser n.输家;失败者→lost adj.遗失的,失去的3.contain vt.包含;容纳;容忍→container n.容器4.powerful adj.强大的;有力的→powerfully adv.有力地→power v.给……提供动力5.bite vt. & vi.咬;叮;刺痛→bit(过去式)→bitten(过去分词)6.fierce adj.凶猛的;猛烈的→fiercely adv.猛烈地→fierceness n.猛烈7.hunt vt.&vi.打猎;猎取;搜寻→hunter n.猎人;搜寻者8.respond vi.回答;响应;做出反应→response n.响应;反应;回答9.distant adj.远的;远处的→distance n.距离;远方10.relief n.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.解除;缓解11.important adj.重要的→importance n.重要(性)12.appreciate vt.鉴赏;感激;意识到→appreciation n.感激;鉴赏13.succeed vi.成功vt.接替;继任→success n.成功;成功的人或事物→successful adj.成功的14.employ vt.雇用;利用(时间、精力等)→employer n.雇主;老板→employee n.雇员→employment n.使用;职业;雇用→unemployment n.失业;失业率15.harm n.&vt.损害;危害→harmful adj.有害的;能造成损害的→harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的Unit5一、单词词性1.music n.音乐→musician n.音乐家2.perform vt.& vi.表演;履行;执行→performer n.执行者;演奏者→performance n.表演;演奏3.humor n.幽默→humorous adj.幽默的;诙谐的4.attract v.吸引;引起→attractive adj.吸引人的;有吸引力的→attraction n.吸引;引力;吸引人的事物5.confident adj.自信的;确信的→confidence n.信心;信任6.brief adj.简短的;简要的n.摘要;大纲→briefly adv.简要地;短暂地7.devote vt.致力于;奉献→devotion n.投入;热爱→devoted adj.献身的;忠诚的8.invite vt.邀请;招待→invitation n.邀请;招待9.sense n.感觉;感官→sensitive adj.敏感的;易受伤害的;灵敏的10.pain n.疼痛;痛苦→painful adj.痛苦的;疼痛的必修三Unit11.starve vi. & vt.(使)饿死;饿得要死→starvation n.饿死2.origin n.起源;由来;起因→original adj.原来的3.religion n.宗教→religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的4.independence n.独立;自主→independent adj.独立的;自主的5.agricultural adj.农业的;农艺的→agriculture n.农业;农艺;农学6.admire vt.赞美;钦佩;羡慕→admiration n.羡慕7.energetic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的→energy n.能量;精力8.permission n.许可;允许→permit vt.允许n.许可证;执照9.apologize vi.道歉;辩白→apology n.道歉10.sadness n.悲哀;悲伤→sad adj.悲哀的;悲伤的11.obvious adj.明显的;显而易见的12.forgive vt.原谅;饶恕→forgiveness n.原谅→forgiving adj.宽恕的;宽容的Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.celebrate v.庆祝;祝贺→celebration n.庆祝;祝贺2.religion n.宗教;宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的3.belief n.信任;信心;信仰→believe v t.相信4.energy n.能量;能力→energetic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的5.sad adj.悲伤的→sadness n.悲哀;悲伤Unit21.nation n.民族;国家;国民→national adj.国家的,民族的→nationality n.国籍2.suffering n.苦难;痛苦→suffer v.受苦,遭受3.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.4.injure vt.损害;伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.伤害,损害5.useless adj.无用的;无效的;无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n.使用,利用6.electricity n.电;电流;电学→electric adj.用电的;带电的;发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的;电学的7.frighten vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的8.judge n.裁判员;法官 vt.断定;判断;判决→judgement n.判断,判决9.express vt.表示;表达n.快车;速递→expression n.表达→expressive adj.有表现力的Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.balance v t.平衡;权衡n.天平;平衡→balanced adj.均衡的2.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心→curiously ad v.好奇地3.weak adj.虚弱的→weaken v.使变弱→weakness n.缺点;虚弱;弱点4.strong adj.强壮的→strength n.强项;长处;力量→strengthen v t.加强5.limit v t.限制;限定n.界限;限度→limited adj.有限的6.benefit n.利益;好处v t.& v i.有益于;有助于;受益→beneficial adj.有益的7.combine v t.& v i.(使)联合;(使)结合→combination n.结合;联合Unit31.adventure n.奇遇;冒险→adventurer n.冒险家→adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的2.permit vt. & vi.许可;允许;准许n.通行证;许可证;执照→permission n.许可;准许3.patience n.耐性;忍耐→patient adj. & n.有耐心的;病人4.envelope n.信封5.believe vt.相信;信任→believable adj.可信任的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.novel n.小说;长篇故事adj.新奇的;异常的→novelist n.小说家2.adventure n.奇遇;冒险→adventurous adj.冒险的3.permit v t.& v i.许可;允许;准许n.通行证;许可证;执照→permission n.许可;允许4.patient adj.忍耐的;耐心的n.病人→patiently ad v.有耐心地→patience n.耐性;忍耐5.belief n.信任;信心;信仰→believable adj.可信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的6.rude adj.粗鲁的;无礼的→rudeness n.粗鲁Unit41.astronomy n.天文学→astronomer n.天文学家2.globe n.球体;地球仪;地球→global adj.全球性的;全世界的3.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→violence n.暴力→violently adv.猛烈地4.unlike prep.不同;不像→dislike vt.不喜欢5.presence n.出席;到场;存在→present adj. & n. & v.在场的;目前,现在;出席;颁发,授予6.harmful adj.有害的;伤害的→harm n.危害,害处→harmless adj.无害的7.exist vi.存在,生存→existence n.存在,生存8.puzzle n.谜;难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的9.gentle adj.温和的;文雅的→gently ad v.温柔地;温和地Unit51.eastward adv. & adj.向东;向东的;朝东的→westward adv. & adj.(反义词)向西,向西的;朝西的2.surround vt. & vi.包围;围绕→surroundings n.(复)周围的事物;环境→surrounding adj.周围的3.slight adj.轻微的;微小的→slightly adv.稍微;轻微地4.mix vt. & vi.混合;调配→mixture n.混合(物);混合状态5.wealthy adj. & n.富有的;富人;有钱人→wealth n.财富6.distance n.距离;远方→distant adj.远的,远方的7.tradition n.传统;风俗→traditional adj.传统的8.terrify vt.使恐怖;恐吓→terrifying adj.令人畏惧的→terrified adj.感到畏惧的→terror n.恐惧→terrible adj.恐怖的;恐惧的9.im press vt.使印象深刻;使铭记→impression n.印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的;感人的必修四Unit11.achieve vt.完成;达到→achievement n.成就;功绩2.connect ion n.连接;关系;亲戚→connect vt.连接3.organization n.组织;机构;团体→organize vt.组织4.behave vt. & vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现→behavio(u)r n.行为;举止;习性5.observe vt.观察;观测;遵守→observation n.观察,观测→observer n.观察者6.respect vt. & n.尊敬;尊重;敬意→respectable adj.体面的,值得尊敬的→respectful adj.恭敬的→respected adj.受尊敬的7.argue vi. & vt.讨论;辩论;争论→argument n.争辩;争吵,论点,争论8.entertainment n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演→entertain v.宴客,款待某人9.inspire vt.鼓舞;感动;激发;启示→inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞或激励人的人或事物→inspired adj.受感动的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的10.intend vt.计划;打算→intention n.打算11.deliver vt.递送;生(小孩儿);接生;发表(演说等)→delivery n.发表,递送Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.achieve v t.取得;实现→achievement n.成就;功绩2.connect v t.联系→connected adj.有联系的→connection n.连接;关系3.organize v t.组织→organization n.组织;机构;团体4.behave v t.&v i.举动;(举止或行为)表现→behaviour n.行为;举止;习性5.observe v t.观察;观测;遵守→observation n.观察;观测6.argue v t.&v i.讨论;辩论;争论→argument n.争论;争辩;争吵7.entertain v t.&v i.使欢乐;款待→entertainment n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演8.crowd n.人群;观众v t.挤满;使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的9.inspire v t.鼓舞;激发;启示→inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞10.refer v i.谈到;查阅;参考→reference n.查阅;参考11.intend v t.计划;打算→intention n.目的;意图12.consider v t.考虑;体谅→considerate adj.考虑周到的→consideration n.考虑;体谅Unit21.hunger n.饥饿;欲望→hungry adj.饥饿的;有欲望的2.expand vt. & vi.使变大;伸展;阐述→expansion n.扩大;增加3.circulate vt. & vi.循环;流传→circulation n.循环流通4.equip vt. & vi.配备;装备→equipment n.设备(不可数)5.export vt. & vi.输出;出口→import vt. & vi.输入;入口;进口6.nationality n.国籍→nation n.国家;民族→national adj.国家的;国有的7.occupation n.工作;职业;占领→occupy vt.占领8.confuse vt.使迷惑;使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n.迷惑9.regret vt.遗憾;惋惜 n.遗憾;懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的10.chemical adj.化学的;关于化学的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家;药剂师11.reduce vt.减少;缩减;简化→reduction n.缩小;减少12.summary n.总结;摘要;概要→summarize vt.总结Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.hunger n.饥饿;欲望v t.&v i.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的2.disturb v t.扰乱;打扰→disturbed adj.烦恼的→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的3.circulate v t.&v i.循环;流传→circulation n.循环4.free adj.自由的→freedom n.自由;自主5.equip v t.&v i.配备;装备→equipment n.设备(不可数)6.export v t.&v i.输出;出口→import v t.&v i.输入;进口7.nation n.国家;民族→national adj.国家的;民族的→nationality n.国籍8.occupy v t.占领;占据→occupation n.工作;职业;占领9.confuse v t.使迷惑;使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n.迷惑10.produce v t.生产→production n.生产;制造→producer n.生产者;制片人11.discover v t.发现;发觉→discovery n.发现;发觉Unti31.humour n.幽默;滑稽→humourous adj.幽默的2.perform v.执行;表演→performer n.表演者;演出者→performance n.执行;演出3.astonish vt.使惊诧→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶4.fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的→fortune n.运气,财富→fortunately adv.幸运地5.entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐;款待→entertaining adj.愉快的,有趣的→entertainment n.娱乐6.convince vt.使信服→convinced adj.坚信不移的→convincing adj.令人信服的7.direct vt. & vi. &adj.导演;指示;指挥;直的;直接的;直率的→direction n.指导→director n.导演→directly adv. & conj.直接地,径直地;一……就……8.particular adj. & n.特殊的,特别的;细节;细目→particularly adv.特别地,挑剔地9.react vi.作出反应;回应→reaction n.反应;回应Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.humour n.幽默;滑稽→humourous adj.幽默的2.perform v.执行;表演→performer n.表演者;演出者→performance n.执行;演出3.astonish v t.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonished adj.惊讶的4.fortune n.运气→fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的→fortunately ad v.幸运地→unfortunately ad v.不幸地5.entertain v t.&v i.使欢乐;款待→entertaining adj.愉快的;有趣的→entertainment n.款待;娱乐6.fail v.失败→failure n.失败(者)7.convince v t.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的8.direct v t.&v i.导演;指示;指挥adj.直的;直接的;直率的→directly ad v.直接地;径直地conj.一……就→director n.导演→direction n.指导9.particular adj.特殊的;特别的n.细节;细目→particularly ad v.特殊地;特别地10.amuse v t.使发笑;使愉快→amusing adj.好笑的;有趣的→amused adj.愉快的→amusement n.消遣;娱乐(活动)11.explain v t.解释;说明→explanation n.解释;说明;讲解12.react v i.作出反应;回应→reaction n.反应Unit41.state vt.陈述;说明→statement n.陈述;说明2.greet vi. & vt.迎接;问候→greeting n.迎接;问候;招呼3.represent vt.代表;象征→representative n.代表(人士)4.association n.社团;联系;联想→associate v.把……联系起来5.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心6.defend vt.保护;保卫→defence n.防御;保卫7.misunderstand vt.误解;误会→misunderstanding n.误解;误会8.spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.非口语的;未说出口的9.anger n.怒气;怒火→angry adj.生气的10.subjective adj.主观的→subject n.主题;对象Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.state v.陈述;声明→statement n.陈述;说明2.greet v i.&v t.迎接;问候→greeting n.迎接;问候;招呼3.associate v i.&v t.把……联系起来→association n.社团;联系;联想4.curious adj.好奇的→curiously ad v.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心5.defend v t.保护;保卫→defense/defence n.防御;保卫6.major adj.主要的v i.主修→_majority n.大多数7.misunderstand v t.误解;误会→misunderstanding n.误解;误会8.spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.未说出口的;非口语的9.face n.脸;面部→facial adj.面部的10.true adj.真实的→truly ad v.真实地;真诚地;真正地→truth n.真理11.anger n.怒气;怒火→angry adj.生气的;愤怒的12.subject n.主题;对象→subjective adj.主观的Unit51.centre n.中心→central adj.中心的;中央的2.various adj.不同的;各种各样的→variety n.变化,多样性3.fantasy n.幻想;怪念头→fantastic adj.极好的,吸引人的,不现实的4.amuse vt.使发笑;使愉快→amusement n.消遣;娱乐5.attract vt.吸引→attraction n.有吸引力的事物;吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的6.tourism n.旅游业→tour n.旅游7.length n.长度;长→lengthen v.加长8.athlete n.运动员→athletic adj.运动的9.translator n.翻译者→translate v.翻译→translation n.翻译,译文10.minority n.少数;少数民族→majority(反义词)大多数11.advance vt. & vi.前进;促进;提前→advanced adj.高级的;先进的12.admission n.允许进入;入场费;承认→admit v.承认Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1.center n.中心→central adj.中心的;中央的2.vary v.变化;不同→variety n.多样;多样化→various adj.不同的;各种各样的3.amuse v t.逗笑;使高兴→amused adj.逗乐的;觉得好笑的→amusement n.消遣;娱乐(活动)4.attract v t.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的;吸引人的→attraction n.有吸引力的事物;吸引5.long adj.长的→length n.长度;长→lengthen v.加长6.settle v t.&v i.安家;定居;解决→settler n.移民;殖民者7.translate v.翻译→translator n.译员;翻译→translation n.翻译;译文8.advance v.&n.前进;进步;提前→advanced adj.高级的;先进的9.admit v.承认;录取→admission n.允许进入;入场费;承认。
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1.名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever连接副词:when, where, how, why不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下:(1)It + be + 名词+ that从句(2)It + be + 形容词+ that从句(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句(4)It + 不及物动词+ that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…三、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。
此外,whether 与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。
即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
四、表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为:主语+ 系动词+ that从句。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
五、同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)六、名词性that-从句1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。
名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that…很明显……b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…从所周知……It has been decided that…已决定……c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…事实是……d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that…我突然想起……七、名词性wh-从句1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。
Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。
Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:主语:How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语:My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语:I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语:That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。