印度纺织服装行业的出口竞争力【外文翻译】
纺织服饰出口市场分析探讨纺织服饰产品在国际市场的竞争力和机遇
纺织服饰出口市场分析探讨纺织服饰产品在国际市场的竞争力和机遇纺织服饰产业一直是世界贸易中最具竞争力的领域之一。
随着全球化的不断加速和人们对时尚和舒适性的追求，纺织服饰产品的出口市场越来越受到关注。
本文将对纺织服饰出口市场进行分析，探讨该行业的竞争力和机遇。
一、纺织服饰行业的竞争力1. 优质原材料供应纺织服饰产品的质量和外观直接依赖于所选用的原材料。
优质原材料的供应链对于提高纺织服饰产品的竞争力至关重要。
一些发达国家拥有充足的优质纺织原材料资源，并通过技术创新和严格的质量控制确保其产品的质量。
2. 强大的制造能力纺织服饰行业在全球范围内拥有庞大的制造能力。
一些国家拥有大规模的生产设施和成熟的制造流程，能够快速高效地满足国际市场的需求。
此外，其高效的物流系统和成熟的供应链管理也为纺织服饰行业赢得了竞争优势。
3. 技术创新和设计能力纺织服饰行业在技术创新和设计能力方面具有较高的竞争力。
一些国家拥有先进的纺织技术和设计理念，能够生产出创新且具有高附加值的产品。
这些技术和设计能力的不断提升，为纺织服饰产品在国际市场上的竞争带来了新的机遇。
二、纺织服饰行业的机遇1. 新兴市场需求增长随着全球经济的发展和新兴市场消费能力的提高，纺织服饰产品在新兴市场的需求也在不断增长。
一些发展中国家和地区，如中国、印度和东南亚国家，拥有庞大的人口基数和快速增长的中产阶级，这为纺织服饰行业提供了广阔的市场空间。
2. 跨境电商的兴起随着跨境电商的兴起，纺织服饰产品的市场渗透进一步加深。
通过互联网平台，纺织服饰企业可以直接面向国际消费者销售产品，打破了传统贸易的地域限制。
这为中小型企业提供了进入国际市场的机会，并增加了其竞争力。
3. 可持续发展的需求增加在全球关注环境保护和可持续发展的背景下，纺织服饰行业也面临着新的机遇。
消费者对于环保和可持续性的关注度不断提高，对纺织服饰产品的质量和生产过程提出了更高要求。
具备环保认证和可持续生产的纺织服饰企业将获得更多的市场机会。
纺织品出口竞争力研究外文文献翻译最新译文
文献出处：Tully E. The research of India's textile export competitiveness [J]. Research in International Business and Finance, 2015, 12(2): 17-26.原文The research of India's textile export competitivenessTully EAbstractIndia ranks high in the world in terms of textile production and export, and the textile industry is one of India's manufacturing industries first appeared, played an important role in promoting its economic development. After the international textile trade quotas were banned, free world textile trade rapid growth, participate in the international market countries change their state of textile trade management, on the management more adopted the approach of trade barriers. At the same time, the international textile market is becoming more and fiercer competition, the competition between countries and also increases. India in textile production and export in the world second, India has to develop textile raw material of natural geography and climate conditions; As a large Asian population of India is also have plenty of labor force to develop the domestic textile industry; India’s domestic backwardness of textile market has a broad development space and a series of advantages. Keywords: India textile; Export competitiveness1IntroductionFor most countries, as the country entered the industrialization in the early stage of development is the first of its textile industry, textile industry is a resource-intensive and labor-intensive industries, not only provide abundant raw materials and primary products for other industries, and the development of textile industry also can further promote the development of its other industries and upgrade. And textile industry demand for high-tech technology is relatively low, so in the fierce competition in the international market environment, the textile industry has become one of the few developing countries have a competitive advantage in the industry. The textile industry in creating foreign exchange and balance of payments for a country and stabilize their currencies are play an active and important role. Textile industry isone of the important economic pillars of India, a great contribution to textile exports to India's foreign exchange earnings. India in recent years the rapid development of textile exports, its growth has attracted the attention of the international market. According to the forecast authority, the 2010 India's textile and apparel export scale topped $50 billion. India's textile export growth will lead to the increasing trade friction. The outbreak of the financial crisis has made a resurgence of international trade protectionism, developed countries must use of technical trade barriers to limit the export of textile exporters, including India, so the technical trade barriers on the impact of India's textile export, and how to draw lessons from the experience of the technical barriers to trade deal with India textiles is extremely necessary.2 Literature reviewIn terms of factors that affect industrial international competitiveness, an American economist Michael porter (1990) argue that an industry international competitiveness mainly from four aspects, the influence of factors of production are industry, enterprise strategy structure and characteristics, product demand conditions, related industries and support industries. These four factors on the business environment construction have different effect, but can make more competitive business environment, competitive business environment will further promote enterprise development has the characteristics of enterprise products, formed a unique competitive advantage, and in promoting de-skilled and specialization of the elements of the intermediate products and supply plays an important role. At the same time, companies focus on domestic market change ability and the ability to respond will be formed in an industry international competitiveness plays an important role. Alfonso and ASHLEY had made a research on the international competitiveness of the enterprise (2007) believe that when a country's development in the domestic market plays an important role in the formation of international competitiveness. Generally larger domestic market has a relatively perfect market competition system, develop large-scale domestic enterprises more easily, thus receive benefits in the greater economies of scale, and in developing of enterprises in the market competition for limited resources in the domestic market will be more intense, it will help enterprisesimprove efficiency, William Bayesian and David (2009) to a certain extent the influence factors of international competitiveness of the extension, the introduction of the new factors, he not only covers the research on international competitiveness of porter's theory, will also be enterprise product price and quality, research and development of innovation ability and the need for customers to complete ability and speed range is also included in the study of industry international competitiveness, the industrial international competitiveness theory to carry on the further perfect.With the continuous development of global economy, the connection between the countries continue to strengthen, the way of trade between nations also by a single individual inter-industry trade to intra-industry trade and the change of labor division, and shift faster and faster, and at the same time, the inter-industry trade and division of labor division of intra-industry trade and gradually been cancelled and replaced. Trade between countries gradually from the final product is to intermediate products and semi-finished products, different countries to participate in the same commodity production and manufacturing, the evaluation and analysis on a country's international competitiveness of products easy to shake off the causing factors, the analysis results of the final cause interference. William (2010) study on this problem, the enterprises in the international competition in the market of each country should develop their own different from other national enterprises of industry international competitiveness, in many countries involved in the internationalization of production system to find their own positioning, and on this basis of the country's comparative advantage, forming the difference competitive advantage, different countries in the same division of different on different links of value chain of the development of the international market also has a certain role in promoting. According to the position of the enterprises in the value chain of each country can determine a country in which products have a competitive edge on the production and business operation. Nicky (2009) by the study found that India textile production enterprises for a long period of time distribution of relatively scattered, not formed industrial cluster centers, and production equipment obsolete, labor productivity is low, companies benefit from the market began to be very hard. India to reduce the power consumption of Indian textileindustry form their own competitive advantage to lay the foundation, make its have the strength of enterprise products from domestic market to foreign market to further expand the market, improve the market share. In the integration of international trade, international trade barriers against the background of gradually reduce; country exports ability will directly reflect the country's products and industries in the international market competition ability. In other words, the study of national industrial international competitiveness is ultimately about the national research products in the international market competitiveness. Some scholars also respectively from the Angle of industry, product and the enterprise product competitiveness of enterprises are analyzed and studied. Factors of production in their industry from industry, related and supporting industries and other factors as the starting point for the formation and development of the enterprise product competitive process are analyzed; In terms of product, they are from the structure of the product, price, quality and demand for basic research object, further analyzes the international competitiveness of the enterprise in the process of the formation of the impact of; At last they stood in the perspective of enterprise, from the enterprise innovation ability, the ability to meet customer demand and speed, and the enterprise products on the market possession ability, etc are analyzed and the research, the factors affecting the formation of the enterprise international competitiveness made a comprehensive and detailed analysis.3 export competitiveness related theoryResearch on the theory of international competitiveness in different countries, different period widely exist in both groups, but different structure, the research focus of scholars, research way is different, so that, the concept of international competitiveness also gave different definitions. International competitiveness is a country's creation, improve the added value, and increase the ability of national wealth. From the perspective of international trade, we can understand the export competitiveness of really existing level of macroeconomic environment and industry development, on the basis of a country industrial production of the product or service market development in the international market, the market, and the ability of profit.3.1 The comparative advantage theoryAbout export competitiveness theory, first of all should be the most worth mentioning is the comparative advantage theory, it is the tradition of classic economic theory, has been in the field of industry economics and international trade and its important position and strong competitiveness. The theory was first put forward by Adam Smith, a founding father; in his mind that international trade occurs is the primary basis of the existence of absolute cost differences. Absolute cost is between any two countries that produce a product, an absolute difference of the cost of labor, that is, a country absolute loss by Labor costs less than another country for labor cost. The concept that any country can be and should be exports to the country with absolute cost advantage of related products, so that it can get relatively considerable interests through international trade, which is the interpretation of the previously mentioned absolute advantage.3.2 Competitive advantage theoryComparative advantage theory analysis and explained the basis of the export competitiveness of a country or industry, but didn't really explain whether a country or industry has the real export competitiveness strength, and decided to export competitiveness strength should be relatively competitive advantage. In the 1980 s, the main members of the industry product competitiveness committee - Michael porter published one after another famous at home and abroad between the national competitive advantage ", "competitive advantage" and "competitive strategy" and other books and papers, in these books and academic papers in detail and put forward about the comparative advantage theory of competition. Michael porter thinks of export competitive advantage refers to the one country in the international market has the competitive advantages and strengths, and export competitive advantage is a country the main influence factors and the symbol of the levels of productivity development. To a country in the world market, and the most fundamental condition is to have a competitive advantage and comparative advantage has does not necessarily lead to competitive advantage, have a competitive advantage, the product also is not necessarily a country's comparative advantage, which includes technical progress andmonetary factors both tend to be back. The concept of competitive advantage in a certain extent has a progressive and innovative, because it is based on the Angle of modern market to express and describe the advantages of a country's products.译文印度纺织品出口竞争力研究Tully E摘要印度在纺织品生产和出口方面排在世界前列，而且纺织业是印度的最早产生的生产行业之一，在推动其经济发展中起到了重要作用。
中国纺织品出口竞争力分析外文翻译文献
中国纺织品出口竞争力分析外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中国的纺织工业国际竞争优势摘要通过改革开放的政策，凭借要素禀赋优势中国纺织工业在全球纺织市场的份额持续增长超过20年。
本文认为，目前中国纺织行业竞争优势仍然是基于传统因素的比较优势，这可能由于国际纺织产业的技术不断地升级，国际竞争比以前更激烈。
中国加入WTO后，有一些弊端，如产业和贸易结构，贸易壁垒对中国纺织业发展的阻碍。
如何加快产业结构升级，提升中国纺织工业的国际竞争优势，是中国纺织行业发展的首要任务。
纺织工业一直是中国经济的支柱，得益于其在要素禀赋和市场规模的优势。
纺织部门的贸易额在过去25年（从改革开放）增长了27.11倍。
2005年，纺织品出口占了中国出口总额的15.4％，占了世界总出口的纺织品24.4％，而中国纺织品的生产和出口都位居世界前列。
尽管如此，中国纺织工业正面临着各种各样的困难，比如过度依赖资源，技术含量低和附加值低，复杂的贸易结构和出口市场的高度集中等对中国纺织品有越来越多的贸易制裁，特别值得一提的是，因为中国在这个行业的竞争优势被限制。
本文旨在通过深入的调查中国纺织行业的竞争优势，并带来了相应的建议。
一、中国纺织工业的国际竞争优势鉴于国际竞争优势关系的因素，纺织行业的发展仍然受劳动力成本和技术的决定。
相比较而言，服装业是高强度劳动，而在纺织行业，尤其是在化纤行业，资本和技术正在成为越来越重要的因素。
中国纺织行业显示了材料供应，劳动力成本，产品质量，与上下游的兼容性，明显的出口竞争优势积极促进规模经济和成本的影响。
但是，随着发达国家新技术持续投资于他们的纺织工业，廉价劳动力优势在发展中国家是倾向于被通过不断提高生产效率在发达国家削弱。
纺织行业在发达国家从而可以维持较高的利润，而同时降低了生产。
在本节中，中国纺织行业的竞争优势进行分析，并比较其对口发达国家和发展中经济体将会作出修改。
1.中国纺织行业的竞争优势的基础目前中国纺织行业的竞争优势在很大程度上取决于其雄厚的工业基础和廉价的成本。
中国纺织服装产业与全球市场的五种竞争力量【外文翻译】
外文翻译译文标题：中国纺织服装产业与全球市场的五种竞争力量资料来源:山姆先进管理杂志作者：杰克麦卡恩本研究分析了中国的服装产业凭借波特的竞争框架，不仅能够对竞争环境提供有见解的建议，也会在全球经济中影响整个产业的战略和竞争地位。
在探讨理论框架之后，该框架应用于中国服装产业。
之后，对最具竞争力的主要服装出口国家进行了比较。
竞争战略，国家战略和竞争环境关系着中国政府的政策对于纺织服装工业的步伐。
根据仇（2005），该产业从开放政策和经济改革开始后，对于国家的出口来说已成为一种驱动力。
纺织服装行业在中国是以市场为导向，最大的竞争对手是最接近的市场和客户。
作为一个国家经济的支柱产业，劳动密集型产业在世界市场上具有比较大的优势。
在过去几年美国和欧洲联盟（欧盟）的贸易配额中，从预期推动到逐步消除，始终没有实现中国纺织服装产业。
在2009年里，虽然中国的纺织服装产业在市场份额上没有显著高于美国和欧盟等其他国家，但中国的全球市场份额在从2001年的38.8%上升至了2005年的47.1%，但从那年以后就再也没有显著提高了。
事实上，在美国和欧盟，中国的市场份额从2006年的71.3%下降至2008年的66.8%。
中国的市场份额在美国服装进口市场转入，由2003年的19.9%上升到了一个预期的35.9%，并在2009年欧盟的进口市场由2001年的21.8%上升到了2008年的42.8%。
全球的市场份额竞争在新兴国家之中都有所增加，走低价格，低成本路线的国家在2009年受益。
根据赛巴斯丁（2009）及中国贸易的两个特点显示，元素丰富是其出口实绩的解释。
在全球市场上，劳动密集型产品的高渗透一直伴随着大份额出口（企业），外商的投资高渗透在劳动密集型的行业。
中国在劳动密集型产品的自然优势是提高生产率的增长，资本积累、迁移、鼓励外商投资和扭曲在金融市场上的利率。
自中国实行改革政策和对外开放以来，纺织工业一直在迅速地增长。
它从一个初级工业转变成为一个成熟的工业，并建立了一个由棉、毛、麻、丝、化纤、服装、纺织机械行业组合而成的垂直整合的工业体系。
中国、印度对美纺织品服装出口的竞争性研究
．
强的 比较优势 ； 如果介于 １ ２ ～ ． ．５ ２ ５之间 ， 明该产业具有 表 较强的 比较优 势； 若介于 ０ ８ ．５之间 ， ．－１ ２ 具有 中度 比较优 用各 国进 出口数据计算 ＲＣ 结 果如 表 ２所示 。 Ａ，
表 ２ 中 国、 印度 纺 织 品服 装 在 美 国市 场 的显 示 性 比 较 优 势
国出 口产 品 的竞 争 程 度 也 就 越 激 烈 。
表示 ｊ 国出 口到 ｗ 市场 中第 ｋ种商品所 占份额 。 该指数 的 指 数
粪别 ２０ ０ ３芷 ２ ０ ０ ４芷 ２ ０ ０ ５芷 ２ ０ ０ ３芷 ２ ０ ０ ４芷 ２ ０ ０ 年
ＨＳ ０ ５
ＨＳ５ｌ Ｈ￥５ ２ Ｈ￥５ ３ ＨＳ５ ４ Ｈ￥５ ５ ＨＳ Ｈ￥５ ７ ＨＳ ５８ Ｈ５ ； ５９ Ｈ￥ ６０ ＨＳ６ｌ
式 中：ＲＣ 表示 ｉ Ａ 国第 ｊ 种商 品在共同市场 （ 国） 美 上 的显示性 比较优势指数 ； 示 ｉ Ｘ表 国第 ｊ 种商 品对美 国
度 呢？本 文拟 采用出 口相似度 指数 、 显示性 比较优势指数
和 美 国市 场 占有率 三个 指 标 来 进 行 分 析 。
一
．Байду номын сангаас
中印纺织品服豢镞
二 中印纺 织品服装 在美国市 场的显 示性 比较 优势
在国际 贸易理论与实证研究 中， １ 常弓 入被世界银行等 国 际组织所 普遍采用 的“ 显示性 比较优势指数 ” 来衡 量产 品的国际竞 争力 ， 该指数 能较 好地 反映一国某产业的相对
织品服装进 口的 ４ ．％和 １％。很显 然， １３ ２ 在美 国纺织 品服 指数比较
哥、 印度等 国， 当 中， 其值得 关注 的是 同为纺织大 国的 美国市场的 出口相似度指数呈下降趋势 ， 这 尤 但下降的绝对值
2023年印度纺织服装业现状模板
03
印度纺织服装业面临的挑战与机遇
Challenges and Opportunities Faced by India's Textile and Clothing Industry
市场竞争激烈，机遇有限
1. 印度纺织服装业市场竞争激烈，主要受到中国、孟加拉国等国家的影响。然而，印度纺织业仍然具有一定的优势，比如印度的人口红利、劳动力成 本低等。因此，印度纺织业可以通过不断提升品质、降低成本、加强创新等措施来提高市场竞争力。
1.消费者需求不稳定：由于经济增长不稳定和人口结构变 化，消费者对纺织服装的需求也不断变化，难以预测。 2.国内市场竞争激烈：印度纺织服装业内竞争激烈，品牌 多样化，价格竞争也很激烈，难以维持盈利率。
02
印度纺织服装行业的竞争优势
Competitive Advantages of India's Textile and Clothing Industry
产能较大
1. 印度纺织业拥有庞大的产能，成为全球最大的纺织品出口国之一。据统计，印度在 纺织品生产方面拥有超过280万台的纺纱机和110万台的织布机，为全球市场提供了 大量的纺织品供应。 2. 印度纺织业拥有广泛的产品线，涵盖棉纺、羊毛纺、丝绸纺等多个领域。其综合产 能远远超过其他国家，能够满足全球市场对各类纺织品的需求。此外，印度纺织业还 具备较高的技术水平和生产效率，能够以大规模的产能输出高质量的纺织品。
1. 由于印度拥有丰富的棉花、丝绸和羊毛等天然纤维资源，加 上相对廉价的劳动力成本，进一步增加了其产能。这使得印度纺 织业在国际市场上具备较高的竞争力，并在全球纺织品贸易中占 据重要地位。
全球出口量居前
1. 排名全球前列：印度纺织服装业以其庞大的生产规模和出色的质量，在全球市场上稳居前列。根据最新数据， 印度是全球最大的纺织品出口国之一，出口量连续多年位居前三。 2. 多样化的产品：印度纺织品制造商以其多样化的产品范围而闻名。从传统的手工艺品到最新的时尚潮流，印度 纺织服装业可以满足各国不同需求的市场，具有独特的竞争优势。 3. 利用自身资源：印度纺织服装业充分利用国内丰富的纺织原料资源。印度拥有世界上最大的棉花产量，同时也 具备多元化的纺织原料供应链。这使得印度纺织服装业在原材料的提供上更具竞争力，有助于提升产品的质量和 竞争力。
纺织服装出口外文文献
纺织服装出口外文文献Textile and Apparel Export: An AnalysisIntroduction:The textile and apparel industry has always played a significant role in the global economy. The export of textile and apparel products has been a major contributor to the economic growth of many countries. This paper aims to explore the trends, challenges, and opportunities associated with textile and apparel exports.Trends in Textile and Apparel Exports:Over the years, textile and apparel exports have witnessed significant growth. Developing countries, particularly those in Asia, have emerged as key exporters in this sector. China, India, and Bangladesh have become major players in the global textile and apparel trade. These countries benefit from low labor costs, large-scale manufacturing capabilities, and an extensive supply chain network.Challenges Faced by the Textile and Apparel Industry: The textile and apparel industry faces several challenges that impact its export potential. One of the major challenges is the competition from low-costmanufacturing countries. As more countries enter the market, the competition intensifies, leading to price wars and reduced profit margins. Additionally, fluctuations in raw material prices and exchange rates pose challenges for exporters.Environmental and Sustainability Concerns:With the increasing focus on sustainability and environmental conservation, the textile and apparelindustry is facing pressure to adopt sustainable practices. Consumers are becoming more aware of the environmental impact of their clothing choices and are demanding eco-friendly products. Exporters need to invest in sustainable production methods, such as using organic and recycled materials, reducing water and energy consumption, and ensuring ethical labor practices.Opportunities and Strategies for Textile and Apparel Exports:Despite the challenges, there are several opportunities for textile and apparel exports. The growing demand for fashionable clothing, especially in emerging markets, presents significant opportunities for exporters. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce platforms has openednew avenues for selling textile and apparel products globally. Exporters can leverage these opportunities by adopting innovative marketing techniques and expanding their online presence.Furthermore, diversification of product offerings is crucial for sustained export growth. Exporters need to focus on producing high-quality, value-added products that cater to the specific needs and preferences of target markets. Collaborating with designers and investing in research and development can help exporters stay ahead of the competition.Conclusion:Textile and apparel exports continue to be a vital component of many countries' economies. While challenges such as competition, sustainability concerns, and fluctuating prices persist, opportunities for growth and expansion are also present. By adapting to changing market trends, investing in sustainable practices, and embracing innovative strategies, exporters can navigate through the complexities of the global textile and apparel trade and thrive in this highly competitive industry.。
RCA率显示印度在纺织生产中欠缺竞争力
RCA率显示印度在纺织生产中欠缺竞争力印度被认为是在今年年底取消的纺织品配额的第二大受益国，仅次于中国。
虽然目前美国准备对从中国的进口进行限制，但是印度仍然需要提供竞争力。
小国如巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、孟加拉国和斯里兰卡在支配全球纺织品和服装市场方面可能引发惊讶，因为他们比印度和中国更有效率。
根据世界贸易组织的估计，印度在纺织品的竞争力方面远远低于巴基斯坦、尼泊尔和孟加拉国。
其他国家如斯里兰卡和孟加拉国正快速实现现代化，提高公司的经营规模。
印度在服装竞争力方面也落后于邻国孟加拉国、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦和尼泊尔。
世界贸易组织对主要的纺织品生产国进行的相对竞争优势显示（RCA）指数对每个国家在全球服装和纺织品市场的相对竞争优势进行了估计。
RCA是一个由经济学家BalaBalassa发展的指数，该指数考虑成本因素已经非成本因素来测量一个部门的竞争力。
这是一个拥有鉴定部门的样本指数，将显示一个国家对其他国家在他们各自代表的因素下的相对竞争优势。
指数高表明有较大的竞争优势。
以纺织部门为例，巴基斯坦的RCA指数最高，达到18.35，而尼泊尔达到10.37。
印度位列第十，为4.67，高于中国和斯里兰卡。
同样，在服装部门，孟加拉国、斯里兰卡和尼泊尔的RCA指数仍然比印度高。
澳门的指数最高，达到20，孟加拉国位例第二，达到18.63，斯里兰卡位列第四，为14.36，印度据第十二位，达到3.9；这低于巴基斯坦的6.53，但是比中国的3.64高。
专家认为，虽然印度的相对竞争优势较好，但是在成本结果、其他因素如规模和工业的自然零碎将成为印度在后配额时代提高市场份额的一个瓶颈。
张胜一未经允许 请勿转载。
中国与印度出口竞争力比较
中国与印度纺织品出口竞争力比较中国与印度是世界两大纺织品服装出口国家，在纺织品配额取消以后, 中国和印度被认为是最大的受益国。
两国在劳动力、原料等方面的要素禀赋具有相似性，在纺织品服装出口方面存在着激烈的竞争。
本文依据联合国贸易数据库2006-2010 年的统计数据，从出口竞争力指数( TCI) 、国际市场占有率和出口显性比较优势指数( RCA) 三方面对中国与印度在纺织品服装出口竞争力进行了比较，为中国纺织品服装行业提高竞争力提出了建议。
一、中印纺织品出口现状比较文中从出口规模、产品结构及市场结构三方面比较中印纺织产品的出口现状。
其中纺织产品的统计口径采用HS2007 的六位税号, 贸易数据来源于联合国近年来，中印纺织品贸易都发展迅速，2006—2010 年中印两国平均增长率分别为10.48%和9.58%，但中国纺织品的出口贸易规模远远大于印度, 详情见柱状图( 见图1) 。
虽然近几年中国与印度的纺织品出口占全部出口额的比重均有所下降, 但纺织品还是两国出口创汇的主要来源。
图12.中印纺织品出口的产品结构十分相似, 表现出竞争性的关系本文通过计算中印各类纺织产品在纺织品总出口中所占的比例, 来比较中印纺织品出口的产品结构。
如下饼状图所示（见图2、图3）图2图3中国与印度除了在52棉花、57 地毯及其他纺织地板覆盖物、60针织或钩编织物这三类产品上存在一定的差异, 其他类型的纺织产品的出口份额都很相近。
61针织或钩编的服装及衣着附件、62非针织或非钩编的服装及衣着附件这两类产品在两国的出口份额中所占的比重都较大, 两者合计中国和印度分别为64%和45%, 但印度的出口份额与中国还存在一定的差距。
2006—2010年两国各类纺织品的出口份额之间的相关系数,两国纺织品出口的产品结构十分相似。
因此, 中印出口的纺织产品之间有很强的替代性,表现出竞争性的关系。
本文进一步将这14 类纺织产品按照《纺织服装商品分类》分为纺织原料和制成品, 纺织原料包括50—55 类, 制成品包括56—63类。
纺织服饰行业的市场竞争力和竞争优势
纺织服饰行业的市场竞争力和竞争优势近年来，纺织服饰行业一直是全球经济中竞争最激烈的行业之一。
由于全球市场对时尚与舒适的需求不断增长，纺织服饰企业面临着日益激烈的市场竞争。
本文将讨论纺织服饰行业的市场竞争力和竞争优势，探讨通过创新、品牌建设和供应链管理等方式，获得与保持竞争优势的方法。
1. 创新是市场竞争力的关键在纺织服饰行业，创新是企业获得市场竞争力的关键因素之一。
面对日益增长的消费者需求和新兴的科技趋势，企业必须不断加强研发和创新能力，推出具有独特功能和设计的新产品。
通过对新材料、新工艺和新技术的不断探索，企业可以提高产品的品质、舒适度和环保性，进而增强市场竞争力。
2. 品牌建设提升竞争力在如今激烈的市场竞争中，品牌建设成为企业获得竞争优势的重要手段之一。
通过塑造独特的品牌形象、提供卓越的产品质量和服务，企业可以在消费者心目中建立起良好的声誉和品牌忠诚度。
同时，有效的品牌推广和营销策略也能够帮助企业扩大市场份额，抢占更多的市场机会。
3. 供应链管理提高竞争优势供应链管理在纺织服饰行业中扮演着重要的角色。
通过优化供应链的各个环节，企业可以降低成本、提高生产效率和产品质量。
有效的供应链管理可以确保原材料的及时供应，减少库存压力，缩短生产周期，满足消费者多样化的需求。
同时，建立强大的供应商网络和跨国合作关系也可以帮助企业降低风险，增强市场竞争力。
4. 多元化渠道拓展市场份额在竞争激烈的纺织服饰行业中，企业需要寻求多元化的销售渠道来拓展市场份额。
除了传统的线下销售渠道，企业应积极开拓线上销售渠道，如电商平台和社交媒体。
通过与电商平台合作，企业可以将产品推广到更广大的消费者群体，提高销售额和知名度。
同时，通过社交媒体的运营和市场活动的策划，企业也能够与消费者建立更紧密的互动关系，提升品牌影响力。
纺织服饰行业的市场竞争力和竞争优势正逐渐成为企业赖以生存和发展的关键因素。
通过创新、品牌建设、供应链管理和多元化渠道拓展等方式，企业能够取得市场竞争的先机，赢得消费者的青睐。
印度外包：卧虎藏龙【外文翻译】
本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Outsourcing to India:Crouching set to pounce出处：Deutsche Bank Research作者：Thomas Meyer译文：印度外包：卧虎藏龙印度是世界的后台作为世界上最重要的离岸位置，印度这个次大陆主导了IT外包服务（ITO）和基于IT的业务流程（BPO）的国际市场。
印度目前占领44%的全球IT和BPO 离岸的市场份额，全球市场目前价值约40亿美元。
印度从软件，IT服务，BPO 和硬件的总收入为28亿美元，比2004/05年度英国国民总收入更多。
我们预计这一数字比2007年上升了56亿美元以上。
印度在ITO/BPO市场的比较优势有各种各样的原因解释印度崛起成为世界IT大国。
他们可以被划分如下：国家资源、经济政策、内部需求因素和历史的特点。
英语作为母语的程序员大军印度的决定性的比较优势是它的庞大的劳动力价格低廉的并且训练有素的专家。
—劳动力的供给似乎取之不尽，用之不竭。
印度的现行人口单独的居民1.08亿,这就使它成为世界上除中国之外人口最多的国家，高于德国13倍还要多。
此外,人口结构很年轻,人口的增长是很高的。
从2003年到2020年，印度的劳动供应应该再增加大约250万人,每年约有15米的人。
—目前大约有70万专家在ITO和BPO领域的工作，因此，比去年增加25％（见图表8）。
在80年代中期，这个数字甚至还没有达到7000人。
到2007年总销售额将上升到1.45-1.55亿美元。
相比之下，目前有大约376,000人在德国的软件和IT服务行业工作。
程序员大军都是优质并且廉价的劳动力印度专家的工作远远低于美国或欧洲同行的工资。
德国和美国IT在非管理职位的专业人士，每年赚取50,000-70,000美元。
一个拥有1-2年的专业经验的印度IT员工收入大约是一年8,000美元。
那些刚开始他们在该领域获得的第一份工作的人，每年大约仅有6,500美元。
东南亚多国服装制造业竞争力比较文档
国家：印度VS泰国多元客商稳订单与单一市场曝弊端综观东南亚几大纺织服装制造国的出口情况，今年以来，印度的表现尤为突出。
印度商务部长简拉奥先生说，印度纺织服装企业未来几个月的出口订单已经处于满负荷的状态。
即使欧洲市场形势低迷，但该国纺织服装出口预计仍将实现405亿美元目标，高于上一财年的340亿美元。
印度纺织服装业的稳定增长得益于行业长期以来积累的优势。
首先印度拥有丰富的原材料供应，有助于在整个生产过程中控制成本，缩短交货时间。
其次纺织服装行业的熟练劳动力充足，7000多个工厂、1100万名工人使得行业的生产运转能够得到保证。
除了上述两点外，印度纺织服装业善于拓展新兴市场的特点也造就了行业的逆市增长。
目前，欧盟和美国两大市场总共占印度纺织服装出口总额的65%。
为了减少对欧盟和美国等传统市场的依赖，今年上半年，印度纺企尝试探索新市场，如俄罗斯、日本和一些拉美及非洲国家。
为助力企业开拓新市场，印度政府也推出了市场发展援助计划和市场准入倡议计划，具体措施包括为出口商提供财政援助。
与印度相比，泰国纺织业在外部市场拓展方面显得固步自封。
过度依赖欧美市场的泰国纺织服装业出口出现了15.6%的大幅下跌。
泰国纺织工业协会董事班提表示，由于受到欧洲经济危机冲击，2012年泰国纺织业订单持续减少。
未来一段时期内，泰国出口商需自我调整，关注如东盟和日本等购买力高且呈持续增长势态的市场，以此弥补欧洲市场的萎缩。
国家：越南原料缺乏成掣肘与完整产业链显优势今年上半年，越南纺织服装业8.7%的出口增幅略显逊色。
一直以来，越南都被视为承接订单转移的最炙手可热的国家，但原料供应的缺乏却限制了产业的健康发展。
在3700余家越南纺织服装企业中，17%为纺织企业，生产所需纱线主要从中国大陆、中国台湾、韩国和印度进口。
而今年欧美市场订单所呈现的交货期短、订单量小的特点使得越南纺织业者面临极大的难题。
越南兴安省一个服装公司的代表说，欧美客商的急单让企业不得不提前做好准备，从国外进口大量纺织原材料。
纺织业出口的竞争力分析
纺织业出口的竞争力分析管理科学系物流管理B班杨红云郭丽萍庄月芳洪艺婷雷佳徐曼莎【摘要】纺织业是我国的传统产业，也是我国出口量最多的行业。
近年来，在国内外各种因素的影响下，我国纺织业的出口贸易面临着更激烈的市场竞争。
本文立足于纺织业的出口，分析其优劣势。
【关键字】纺织业、出口、优势、劣势、竞争力【正文】一、纺织业的概念纺织业在我国是一个劳动密集程度高和对外依存度较大的产业。
我国是世界上最大的纺织品服装生产和出口国，纺织品服装出口的持续稳定增长对保证我国外汇储备、国际收支平衡、人民币汇率稳定、解决社会就业及纺织业可持续发展至关重要。
纺织品的原料主要有棉花、羊绒、羊毛、蚕茧丝、化学纤维、羽毛羽绒等。
纺织业的下游产业主要有服装业、家用纺织品、产业用纺织品等。
纺织业细分下来包括棉纺织、化纤、麻纺织、毛纺织、丝绸、纺织品针织行业、印染业等。
纺织业同时也是一个高污染行业。
2007年5月，国务院下发了《第一次全国污染源普查方案》，纺织业被列为重点污染行业。
二、我国纺织业的发展现状以及发展趋势（一）现状1、出口增速明显下降2006年至2008年前10月中国纺织服装出口增速明显下降。
2006年为25.08%，2007年是18.77%，2008年前10月下降到5.89%。
2008年1-10月，中国纺织服装出口总额为1537.17美元，同比上涨5.89%，较去年同期回落13.84个百分点，为近6年来的最低。
纺织服装出口放缓已对行业就业及经营带来很大影响。
据统计，2008年1月-5月，全国纺织业实际就业人数减少4.6万人，而去年同期是新增20万人。
按工业和贸易统计计算，纺织品全年出口每下降10%，行业的销售收入将下降6.3%，就业岗位相应减少60万个左右。
2、纺织品内销比重逐年上升2003-2007年中国纺织品的内销比重呈逐年上升趋势，纺织品批发零售总额也在稳步提升。
2002年，中国纺织品内销比重大约66%。
2003年基本与此无关002年持平，从2004年开始，内销比重不断扩大，2007年内销比重高达斡尔5%。
中国对美国纺织品服装出口的外文翻译
The Changing World Network of Trade in Textiles andApparelThomas Vollrath，Mark Gehlhar，Stephen MacDonaldU.S.A./amberwavesThomas Vollrath, thomasv@Mark Gehlhar, mgehlhar@Stephen MacDonald, stephenm@The structure of the global textile market is fundamentally changing in response to policy reforms stemming from the 1995 Uruguay Round (UR) of the World Trade Organization. The UR instituted agreements to reduce tariffs on textile and apparel products to levels closer to those found elsewhere in manufacturing. It also established the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), which stipulates that all bilateral import quotas, sanctioned under the 1974 Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA), will be eliminated by 2005.Full implementation of the UR reforms will bring textiles and apparel into greater conformity with internationally accepted rules of trade. Collectively, these reforms should stimulate growth in textile trade, which already outpaces trade in other sectors of the world economy. For example, trade in textiles and apparel in the last decade nearly doubled to $334 billion. These reforms also promise to significantly alter the location of production and the direction of fiber and textile trade.The Bilateral Fiber and Textile Trade database, available on the ERS website (/data/fibertextiletrade/), enables analysts to examine the evolving structure of trade among partners and across commodities and products in the global market. This database, derived from UN Comtrade data, contains information about commodity and product trade flows among exporting and importing countries/regions between 1992 and 2002.The global network of trade in textiles and apparel has shifted significantly, with many low-income countries benefiting from higher sales within the pastdecade. Unlike agricultural production, which depends on the availability of natural resources, the location of textile and, particularly, apparel production is highly mobile and extremely responsive to wage differentials. Textile and apparel production requires substantial labor, is not technologically demanding, and provides employment opportunities for the relatively unskilled laborers who transfer out of subsistence agriculture. It introduces workers to manufacturing and provides them with training opportunities in new and productivity-enhancing activities.Competition from low-cost suppliers in developing countries has put considerable pressure on established exporters of textiles and apparel, particularly those in the newly industrialized countries (NIC) of Asia (Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan). The Asian-NIC share of the global textile and apparel market halved, falling from 24 to 12 percent between 1992 and 2002. In contrast, the market share of developing-country suppliers, excluding the Asian NICs, increased 15 percentage points to 64 percent during this period. China was especially successful, raising its share of the global market to 25 percent in 2002, up 4 percentage points from 1992. Such competitive pressures from low-cost, developing-country suppliers are likely to accelerate following the elimination of MFA quotas by 2005.Textile and apparel trade is strongly influenced by established networks and geographical proximity. Together, Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe dominate the EU market because of preferential trading agreements and the economics of geographical location. In contrast, the most important suppliers to the United States are Latin America, China, and the Asian NICs. With improved market access from the ATC, low-income Asian producers are likely to vie more effectively with these traditional suppliers for foreign market shares in the U.S. and EU markets.The UR reforms are expected to reduce prices for textiles and apparel, increasing worldwide demand for products throughout the fiber-to-clothing supply chain. Demand for textile and apparel imports is already rising rapidly among the industrialized countries (IC). This demand is particularly strong among importers using MFA quotas (Canada, EU, Norway, and the United States). As consumer prices fall due to ATC reforms, imports of clothing, bed linen, carpets, and other products are likely to continue to increase. Envisioned shifts in supply and demand for textile and apparel will enhance labor productivity in the developing countries, leading to income growth and greater global demand for agriculturalproducts, including food and raw fibers, such as cotton.不断变化的世界纺织品服装贸易格局托马斯·瓦拉斯，马克·葛赫哈，史蒂芬·麦克通纳德美国/amberwaves托马斯·瓦拉斯，thomasv@马克·葛赫哈，mgehlhar@史蒂芬·麦克通纳德，stephenm@ 全球纺织品市场结构是根据1995年世界贸易组织举行的乌拉圭回合的政策改革而发生着根本性的变化。
英语作文-印度纺织品店展示最新印花纱巾
英语作文-印度纺织品店展示最新印花纱巾In the bustling streets of Jaipur, a city renowned for its rich tapestry of history and culture, stands a textile shop that has become the talk of the town. The shop, a treasure trove of traditional Indian textiles, has recently unveiled its latest collection of printed chiffon scarves, each piece a testament to the artistry and craftsmanship of local artisans.As you step into the shop, the first thing that strikes you is the riot of colors that greets your eyes. From the deep reds and bright oranges to the soothing blues and greens, the scarves are a kaleidoscope of hues, each one more vibrant than the last. The delicate fabric, light as air, flutters gently in the breeze that occasionally wafts through the open door, carrying with it the scent of spices from the nearby market.The prints on the scarves are equally captivating. Traditional motifs such as paisleys, florals, and elephants are reimagined in contemporary designs, blending the old with the new in a seamless fusion. The intricate patterns are printed using age-old techniques passed down through generations, involving hand-carved wooden blocks and natural dyes extracted from plants and minerals.Each scarf tells a story, not just of its design, but also of the hands that made it. The artisans, with their skilled fingers, carefully align the blocks and apply the right amountof pressure to transfer the designs onto the fabric. It's a dance of precision and rhythm, honed by years of practice and dedication.The shop owner, a connoisseur of textiles, walks you through the collection, explaining the significance of each pattern and the process behind its creation. He speaks of the challenges faced by the artisans in keeping the traditional methods alive in the face of modern mass-production techniques. Yet, he says, it is the love for their craft and the beauty of the handmade that keeps them going.As you browse through the collection, you can't help but be drawn to a particular scarf. Its print is a stunning display of peacocks, their feathers spread out in a majestic fan,the eyespots on their tails shimmering like jewels. The background is a subtle shade of teal, providing a perfect canvas for the vivid colors of the birds.You run your fingers over the fabric, feeling the softness of the chiffon and the slight texture of the print. It's lightweight, yet it promises warmth, a perfect accessory for both the cool evenings and the warm days. You can already imagine the many ways you could wear it, draped over your shoulders or tied around your neck, adding a touch of elegance to any outfit.As you make your purchase, the shop owner wraps the scarf in delicate tissue paper, sealing it with a sticker that bears the shop's logo—a stylized elephant, symbolizing strength and good fortune. He hands you the package with a smile, and you step out of the shop, the scarf in your bag, a piece of India's textile heritage with you.This shop, with its exquisite collection of printed chiffon scarves, is more than just a retail space. It's a celebration of India's artistic legacy, a showcase of the talent and passion of its people, and a reminder of the beauty that can be found in the handmade. As you walk away, the colors and patterns of the scarves linger in your mind, a vivid memory of a place where tradition and modernity meet in a beautiful embrace. 。
外文翻译--企业出口表现的决定因素：印度纺织服装和纺织产业的案例分析
本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Determinants of firm-level export performance: a case study of Indian textile garments and apparel industry出处：J. Int. Trade & Economic Development 10: 1 65-92作者：T. A. Bhavani and Suresh D. Tendulkar译文：企业出口表现的决定因素：印度纺织服装和纺织产业的案例分析任何单一商品出口表现都受这些因素影响：（一）、一国政府进出口的政策制度，（二）、外部需求条件，（三）、在外部市场建立和维护价格质量竞争力的供应反映。
在这一节，我们根据纺织服装和服装行业来讨论这些因素。
1951年之前，在印度占主导地位的为内向型或进口替代战略，同时相关的限制性贸易和工业政策一直存在，产生出口偏见。
这个贸易政策，由对汇率的过高估计和对进口种种限制所构成，使得出口商有效汇率低于进口商，因此使出口受到歧视。
进口限制和工业政策比如容量许可，导致国内生产者从外部和内部竞争中孤立出来，以此对国内市场中现有的生产者进行保护。
所有这此政策的最终影响相对于外部市场是为了加强国内市场销售的盈利能力。
1997年7月的经济政策改革开始涉及货币贬值，逐步减缓了峰值速率，平均速率以及进口关税的扩张，除了一些消费品，取消了进口的数量限制，同时除了一些短期的和明确定义为负面的项目，还取消了工业许可。
此外，政府采用一些比如退税和预先许可的鼓励措施。
这些政策的改变为出口商在国际市场销售中提高盈利能力创造了一个有利环境。
转向外部需求状况,Nueks曾经强调在低收入国家，外部需求对于出口是最有约束力的约束。
这篇论文后来被克拉维斯质疑，他认为欠发达国家的出口不景气首要原因是由于内部的供应限制。
克拉维斯的说法被Panoutsopoulos最近的一个实证检验所证实。
印度纺织服装行业出口竞争力外文翻译可编辑
印度纺织服装行业的出口竞争力外文翻译外文翻译原文EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF INDIAN TEXTILEAND GARMENT INDUSTRYMaterial Source: Indian Council For ResearchOn International Economic RelationsAuthor:Samar VermaThe international trade in textile and clothing sectors has been a egregious exception to the most favoured nation principle of GATT and, since the early 1960s, has been a case of managed trade through forced consensus. However, the WTO Agreement on Textile and Clothing ATC marked a significant turnaround. According to the ATC, beginning 1st January 1995, all textiles and clothing products that had been hitherto subjected to MFA-quota, are scheduled to be integrated into WTO over a period of ten years. “The dismantling of the quota regi me represents both an opportunity as well as a threat. An opportunity because markets will no longer be restricted; a threat because markets will no longer be guaranteed by quotas, and even the domestic market will be open to competition”. From 1st January2005, therefore, all textile and clothing products would be traded internationally without quota-restrictions. Andthis impending reality brings the issue of competitiveness to the fore for all firms in the textile and clothing sectors,including those in India. It is imperative to understand the true competitiveness of Indian textile and clothing firms in order to make an assessment of what lies ahead in 2005 and beyond.Owing to its significant contribution, the Indian textile and clothing industry occupies a unique place in the Indian economy. It contributes about 4% of GDP and 14% of industrial output. Second largest employer after agriculture, the industry provides direct employment to 35 million people including substantial segments of weaker sections of society. With a very low import-intensity of about 1.5% only, it is the largest net foreign exchange earner in India, earning almost 35% of foreign exchange. This is the only industry that is self-sufficient and complete in cotton value chain- producing everything from fibres to the highest value added finished product of garments. Its growth and vitality therefore has critical bearings on the Indian economy at large.What Is Competitiveness?Competitiveness is about productivity, which in turn is a function of factors related to cost of products, as well as those related to non-price factors such as delivery schedules, reliability of producers, and such intangible factors like image of the country/company and brand equity. Together, they define the competitive sinews of a product tocompete under conditions of free market.However, in order to translate industry competitiveness into sales greater export share in world market, another set of issues- in addition to productivity-need to be examined. These relate to market access conditions. Indeed, industry competitiveness of restrained exporters such as India was not much of an issue during the last almost four decades, ever since the Short Term Arrangement STA of 1961. And the reason lay not in price and non-price factors, but in the“manage”dconditions under which global trade in textile and clothing products took place. In fact, it was precisely because of the price competitiveness of some Asian exporters in the 1950s and the 1960s that the “generally and solemnly agreed rules of post-war policy conduct-including the keystone of the system, the non-discrimination rules- were formally set aside for reasons regarded as pragmatic”. This system of managed trade, however, will come to an end on 31st December 2004.For the purpose of this study, industry has been defined as a group of firms manufacturing products that directly or indirectly competes with each other. It is implied that no nation can be competitive in manufacturing all goods and services. Hence, industry competitiveness of an entire nation is not quite meaningful. Instead, since it is the firms who compete in international markets, the entire framework of competitiveness would revolve around the study of the firm.“…industrial succe ss was founded on behaviour of firms, not on the decisions of governments”. The list of products industries identified is in Appendix A.Objective & Scope Of The StudyThe objective of the project is to evaluate the export competitiveness of Indian textile and clothing sectors. Because Indian textile and clothing sector is predominantly cotton based, this study would focus mainly on the cotton textile and apparel, and look at the entire value chain from fibre to garment and retail distribution.With the aforementioned objective in mind, this study has first identified the products in Indian export basket which have shown a promising growth in value, or in unit value and have a considerable weight in the Indian export basket on the basis of recent performance of Indian exports of textile and clothing sectors in the US and EU markets.Research MethodologyIn order to evaluate the demand-side of Indian textile and clothing exports, the study has analysed the competitive performance of Indian expor ts of the ‘identified’products in the US and EU markets. It has also been used to highlight the role of emerging trade policy environment- specifically, the role of discriminatory rules of origin in Regional Trading Arrangements [RTAs], tariff peaks and environmental and labour standards-as market access issues relevant to textile and clothingexporting countries.To assess the supply-side factors of export competitiveness, a preliminary interview was conducted with a few exporters. The interview sought their views and opinions chiefly in respect of the supply-side bottlenecks that they are facing in India. The supply-side framework is based more on opinions than on data/numbers. The inferences about the supply-side factors are therefore based on the opinions expressed by exporters of identified products.Competitive Performance- Operational DefinitionIn both these markets, competitive performance has been defined through changes in market shares in value terms over the years 1995 and 2000. The following twincriterion was employed to identify export-competitive products.A product is said to be export-competitive if the growth rate in unit value of the product imported from India exceeds average growth rate in unit value of the product from all suppliers in a market US/EU, and Its market share grows over the period 1995-2000.However, there are two additional qualifications that need to be borne in mind.1. To the extent market share is a function of quotas, it may so happen that some countri es’ market share declines over time only because their exports are constrained by quotas.2. Because the market share-based competitive performance has been evaluated in value terms, the effect of exchange rate movements on export competitiveness and revealed in market shares cannot be ruled out a priory.All value data is reported in US$ terms for the two years 1995 and 2000. During this period, the value of US$ declined by almost 13%, if deflated by consumer price index in the US. The data in the tables have been reported in nominal terms, and analysis made on that basis, since they are all reported in US$ and are equally therefore affected.Using the twin-criteria of export-competitiveness, all selected products are classified into the four categories of leaders, gainers, losers and outliers.译文印度纺织服装行业的出口竞争力资料来源: Indian Council For ResearchOn International Economic Relations作者:Samar Verma自1960年早期,纺织服装行业是国际贸易中关贸总协定最惠国之间经过谈判一致同意的,对关贸总协定正常纪律的例外。
印度制定纺织业新贸易措施刺激出口
印度紡織業聯盟表示，政府正考慮實施地方政府的退稅措施，希望能儘快落實。
棉紡織品出口促進Βιβλιοθήκη 員會會長Prem Malik表示，由於EPCG方案減少的產品進口稅將有利於紡織業現代化，提高生產力。增加重點市場安排的國家數量以及核准對該等國家出口的臨時關稅信貸將有助於擴大出口。
印度官員表示希望成衣出口商能擴大其在日本及俄羅斯等重要市場的市場佔有率，同時擴大人纖成衣及童裝等產品的市場佔有率。如果這些刺激方案能落實，則2008-09年的出口可望成長10%。
其它補助措施包括降低關稅，部分重點產品計畫補貼提高2.5%，再增加10個重點市場計畫國家，簡化出口程序，利息補助延長一年。
Kamal Nath部長表示，印度希望至2020年印度出口產品的全球市佔率達5%，2008-09年度的出口值目標為2,000億美元，並擬成立聯合工作小組，研析印度成為全球紡織業發展樞紐之計畫。
印度制定紡織業新貿易措施刺激出口
(發佈日期：97年4月22日)
印度貿工部部長Kamal Nath宣佈年度貿易政策，內容包括抑制物價波動、持續出口成長，並協助受盧比升值侵蝕獲利的紡織成衣業，此外亦包括年度貿易政策補充措施，如延長強化退稅減稅權利義務証書(Duty Entitlement Pass Book,DEPB)方案至2009年5月、降低出口促進信貸擔保(EPCG)方案的關稅由5%降至3%、符合營利事業所得稅法10B章規定的100%的出口企業免徵營所稅至2009年、延長對出口商的銀行利率補貼至6%等方案。
印度Kikani Exports公司向中国出口纱线，采用USTER技术全面控制纱线质量
印度Kikani Exports公司向中国出口纱线，采用USTER技
术全面控制纱线质量
佚名
【期刊名称】《纺织导报》
【年(卷),期】2017(0)1
【摘要】作为印度领先的纱线供应商之一，Kikani Exports公司向中国出口纱线已经有12年的经验。
该公司总经理Vrajesh Kikani先生解释道，由于市场环境变得更加艰难．Kikani Exports公司向中国出口贸易量已经开始下降。
他说：“来自越南和其他国家的竞争日益激烈．除非印度供应商非常有竞争力．否则对中国的纱线出口未来将面临更大的挑战。
”
【总页数】1页(P8-8)
【关键词】出口纱线;ts公司;USTER;中国;印度;纱线质量;控制;技术
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TS107.3
【相关文献】
ter公司发布纱线毛羽等级 [J],
2.全面提升纱线质量苏拉(金坛)纺织机械有限公司技术革新侧记 [J], 申香英
3.全面提升纱线质量苏拉(金坛)纺织机械有限公司技术革新侧记 [J], 申香英;
4.现代USTER检测技术对纱线质量的系统监控 [J], 吉宜军;邵国东;崔益怀;乐荣庆;
5.现代USTER检测技术对纱线质量的系统监控 [J], 吉宜军;邵国东;崔益怀;乐荣庆;
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
外文翻译原文EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF INDIAN TEXTILEAND GARMENTINDUSTRYMaterial Source: Indian Council For ResearchOn International Economic RelationsAuthor:Samar VermaThe international trade in textile and clothing sectors has been a egregious exception to the most favoured nation principle of GATT and, since the early 1960s, has been a case of managed trade through forced consensus. However, the WTO Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC) marked a significant turnaround. According to the ATC, beginning 1st January 1995, all textiles and clothing products that had been hitherto subjected to MFA-quota, are scheduled to be integrated into WTO over a period of ten years. “The dismantling of the quota regime represents both an opportunity as well as a threat. An opportunity because markets will no longer be restricted; a threat because markets will no longer be guaranteed by quotas, and even the domestic market will be open to competition”. From 1st January 2005, therefore, all textile and clothing products would be traded internationally without quota-restrictions. And this impending reality brings the issue of competitiveness to the fore for all firms in the textile and clothing sectors,including those in India. It is imperative to understand the true competitiveness of Indian textile and clothing firms in order to make an assessment of what lies ahead in 2005 and beyond.Owing to its significant contribution, the Indian textile and clothing industry occupies a unique place in the Indian economy. It contributes about 4% of GDP and 14% of industrial output. Second largest employer after agriculture, the industry provides direct employment to 35 million people including substantial segments of weaker sections of society. With a very low import-intensity of about 1.5% only, it is the largest net foreign exchange earner in India, earning almost 35% of foreign exchange. This is the only industry that is self-sufficient and complete in cotton value chain- producing everything from fibres to the highest value added finishedproduct of garments. Its growth and vitality therefore has critical bearings on the Indian economy at large.What Is Competitiveness?Competitiveness is about productivity, which in turn is a function of factors related to cost of products, as well as those related to non-price factors such as delivery schedules, reliability of producers, and such intangible factors like image of the country/company and brand equity. Together, they define the competitive sinews of a product to compete under conditions of free market.However, in order to translate industry competitiveness into sales (greater export share in world market), another set of issues- in addition to productivity-need to be examined. These relate to market access conditions. Indeed, industry competitiveness of restrained exporters such as India was not much of an issue during the last almost four decades, ever since the Short Term Arrangement (STA) of 1961. And the reason lay not in price and non-price factors, but in the“manage”dconditions und er which global trade in textile and clothing products took place. In fact, it was precisely because of the price competitiveness of some Asian exporters in the 1950s and the 1960s that the “generally and solemnly agreed rules of post-war policy conduct-including the keystone of the system, the non-discrimination rules- were formally set aside for reasons regarded as pragmatic”. This system of managed trade, however, will come to an end on 31st December 2004.For the purpose of this study, industry has been defined as a group of firms manufacturing products that directly or indirectly competes with each other. It is implied that no nation can be competitive in manufacturing all goods and services. Hence, industry competitiveness of an entire nation is not quite meaningful. Instead, since it is the firms who compete in international markets, the entire framework of competitiveness would revolve around the study of the firm. “…industrial success was founded on behaviour of firms, not on the decisions of governm ents”. The list of products (industries) identified is in Appendix A.Objective & Scope Of The StudyThe objective of the project is to evaluate the export competitiveness of Indian textile and clothing sectors. Because Indian textile and clothing sector is predominantly cotton based, this study would focus mainly on the cotton textile and apparel, and look at the entire value chain from fibre to garment and retail distribution.With the aforementioned objective in mind, this study has first identified the products in Indian export basket which have shown a promising growth in value, or in unit value and have a considerable weight in the Indian export basket on the basis of recent performance of Indian exports of textile and clothing sectors in the US and EU markets.Research MethodologyIn order to evaluate the demand-side of Indian textile and clothing exports, the study has analysed the competitive performance of Indian exports of the ‘identified’products in the US and EU markets. It has also been used to highlight the role of emerging trade policy environment- specifically, the role of discriminatory rules of origin in Regional Trading Arrangements [RTAs], tariff peaks and environmental and labour standards-as market access issues relevant to textile and clothing exporting countries.To assess the supply-side factors of export competitiveness, a preliminary interview was conducted with a few exporters. The interview sought their views and opinions chiefly in respect of the supply-side bottlenecks that they are facing in India. The supply-side framework is based more on opinions than on data/numbers. The inferences about the supply-side factors are therefore based on the opinions expressed by exporters of identified products.Competitive Performance- Operational DefinitionIn both these markets, competitive performance has been defined through changes in market shares (in value terms) over the years 1995 and 2000. The following twincriterion was employed to identify export-competitive products.A product is said to be export-competitive if the growth rate in unit value of the product imported from India exceeds average growth rate in unit value of the product from all suppliers in a market (US/EU), and Its market share grows over the period 1995-2000.However, there are two additional qualifications that need to be borne in mind.1. To the extent market share is a function of quotas, it may so happen that some countries’ market share declines over time only because their exports are constrained by quotas.2. Because the market share-based competitive performance has been evaluated in value terms, the effect of exchange rate movements on export competitiveness (and revealed in market shares) cannot be ruled out a priory.All value data is reported in US$ terms for the two years 1995 and 2000.During this period, the value of US$ declined by almost 13%, if deflated by consumer price index in the US. The data in the tables have been reported in nominal terms, and analysis made on that basis, since they are all reported in US$ and are equally therefore affected.Using the twin-criteria of export-competitiveness, all selected products are classified into the four categories of leaders, gainers, losers and outliers.译文印度纺织服装行业的出口竞争力资料来源: Indian Council For ResearchOn International Economic Relations作者：Samar Verma自1960年早期，纺织服装行业是国际贸易中关贸总协定最惠国之间经过谈判一致同意的，对关贸总协定正常纪律的例外。