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本科毕业论文（设计）英文文献中文翻译文献中文题目Unity指南学生姓名学号所在学院专业班级指导教师2013 年12月成都信息工程学院计算机学院Unity指南Unity团队Unity ManualUnity TeamWelcome to Unity.Unity is made to empower you to create the best interactive entertainment or multimedia experience that you can. This manual is designed to help you learn how to use Unity, from basic to advanced techniques. It can be read from start to finish or used as a reference.The manual is divided into different sections. The first section, User Guide, is an introduction to Unity's interface, asset workflow, and the basics of building a game. If you are new to Unity, you should start by reading the Unity Basics subsection.The next section, FAQ, is a collection of frequently asked questions about performing common tasks that require a few steps.The last section, Advanced, addresses topics such as game optimization, shaders, file sizes, and deployment.When you've finished reading, take a look at the Reference Manual and the Scripting Reference for further details about the different possibilities of constructing your games with Unity.If you find that any question you have is not answered in this manual please ask on Unity Answers or Unity Forums. You will be able to find your answer there.The Unity Manual Guide contains some sections that apply only to certain platforms. Please select which platforms you want to see. Platform-specific information can always be seen by clicking on the disclosure triangles on each page.GameObjectsGameObjects are the most important objects in Unity. It is very important to understand what a GameObject is, and how it can be used. This page will explain all that for you.What are GameObjects?Every object in your game is a GameObject. However, GameObjects don't do anything on their own. They need special properties before they can become a character, an environment, or a special effect.But every one of these objects does so many different things. If every object is a GameObject, how do we differentiate an interactive power-up object from a static room? What makes these GameObjects different from each other?The answer to this question is that GameObjects are containers. They are empty boxes which can hold the different pieces that make up a lightmapped island or a physics-driven car. So to really understand GameObjects, you have to understand these pieces; they are called Components. Depending on what kind of object you want to create, you will add different combinations of Components to the GameObject. Think of a GameObject as an empty cooking pot, and Components as different ingredients that make up your recipe of gameplay. You can also make your own Components using Scripts.You can read more about GameObjects, Components, and Script Components on the pages in this section:∙The GameObject-Component Relationship∙Using Components∙The Component-Script Relationship∙Deactivating GameObjectsThe GameObject-Component RelationshipAs described previously in GameObjects, a GameObject contains Components. We'll explore this relationship by discussing a GameObject and its most common Component -- the Transform Component. With any Unity Scene open, create a new GameObject (using Shift-Control-N on Windows or Shift-Command-N on Mac), select it and take a look at the Inspector.The Inspector of an Empty GameObjectNotice that an empty GameObject still contains a Name, a Tag, and a Layer. Every GameObject also contains a Transform Component.The Transform ComponentIt is impossible to create a GameObject in Unity without a Transform Component. The Transform Component is one of the most important Components, since all of the GameObject's Transform properties are enabled by its use of this Component. It defines the GameObject's position, rotation, and scale in the game world/Scene View. If a GameObject did not have a Transform Component, it would be nothing more than some information in the computer's memory. It effectively would not exist in the world.The Transform Component also enables a concept called Parenting, which is utilized through the Unity Editor and is a critical part of working with GameObjects. To learn more about the Transform Componentand Parenting, read the Transform Component Reference page.Other ComponentsThe Transform Component is critical to all GameObjects, so each GameObject has one. But GameObjects can contain other Components as well.The Main Camera, added to each scene by defaultLooking at the Main Camera GameObject, you can see that it contains a different collection of Components. Specifically, a Camera Component, a GUILayer, a Flare Layer, and an Audio Listener. All of these Components provide additional functionality to the GameObject. Without them, there would be nothing rendering the graphics of the game for the person playing! Rigidbodies, Colliders, Particles, and Audio are all different Components (or combinations of Components) that can be added to any given GameObject.Using ComponentsComponents are the nuts & bolts of objects and behaviors in a game. They are the functional pieces of every GameObject. If you don't yet understand the relationship between Components and GameObjects, read the GameObjects page before going any further.A GameObject is a container for many different Components. By default, all GameObjects automatically have a Transform Component. This is because the Transform dictates where the GameObject is located,and how it is rotated and scaled. Without a Transform Component, the GameObject wouldn't have a location in the world. Try creating an empty GameObject now as an example. Click the GameObject->Create Empty menu item. Select the new GameObject, and look at the Inspector.Even empty GameObjects have a Transform ComponentRemember that you can always use the Inspector to see which Components are attached to the selected GameObject. As Components are added and removed, the Inspector will always show you which ones are currently attached. You will use the Inspector to change all the properties of any Component (including scripts)Adding ComponentsYou can add Components to the selected GameObject through the Components menu. We'll try this now by adding a Rigidbody to the empty GameObject we just created. Select it and choose Component->Physics->Rigidbody from the menu. When you do, you will see the Rigidbody's properties appear in the Inspector. If you press Play while the empty GameObject is still selected, you might get a little surprise. Try it and notice how the Rigidbody has added functionality to the otherwise empty GameObject. (The y-component of the GameObject starts to decrease. This is because the physics engine in Unity is causing the GameObject to fall under gravity.)An empty GameObject with a Rigidbody Component attachedAnother option is to use the Component Browser, which can be activated with the Add Component button in the object's Inspector.The browser lets you navigate the components conveniently by category and also has a search box that you can use to locate components by name.You can attach any number or combination of Components to a single GameObject. Some Components work best in combination with others. For example, the Rigidbody works with any Collider. The Rigidbody controls the Transform through the NVIDIA PhysX physics engine, and the Collider allows the Rigidbody to collide and interact with other Colliders.If you want to know more about using a particular Component, you can read about any of them in the Component Reference. You can also access the reference page for a Component from Unity by clicking on the small ?on the Component's header in the Inspector.Editing ComponentsOne of the great aspects of Components is flexibility. When you attach a Component to a GameObject, there are different values or Properties in the Component that can be adjusted in the editor while building a game, or by scripts when running the game. There are two main types of Properties: Values and References.Look at the image below. It is an empty GameObject with an Audio Source Component. All the values of the Audio Source in the Inspector are the default values.This Component contains a single Reference property, and seven Value properties. Audio Clip is the Reference property. When this Audio Source begins playing, it will attempt to play the audio file that is referenced in the Audio Clip property. If no reference is made, an error will occur because there is no audio to be played. You must reference the file within the Inspector. This is as easy as dragging an audio file from the Project View onto the Reference Property or using the Object Selector.Now a sound effect file is referenced in the Audio Clip propertyComponents can include references to any other type of Component, GameObjects, or Assets. You can read more about assigning references on the Assigning References page.The remaining properties on the Audio Clip are all Value properties. These can be adjusted directly in the Inspector. The Value properties on the Audio Clip are all toggles, numeric values, drop-down fields, but value properties can also be text strings, colors, curves, and other types. You can read more about theseand about editing value properties on the Editing Value Properties page.Copying and pasting Component settingsThe context menu for a Component has items for copying and pasting its settings.The copied values can be pasted to an existing component using the Paste Component Values menu item. Alternatively, you can use Paste Component As New to create a new Component with those values.Testing out PropertiesWhile your game is in Play Mode, you are free to change properties in any GameObject's Inspector. For example, you might want to experiment with different heights of jumping. If you create a Jump Height property in a script, you can enter Play Mode, change the value, and press the jump button to see what happens. Then without exiting Play Mode you can change it again and see the results within seconds. When you exit Play Mode, your properties will revert to their pre-Play Mode values, so you don't lose any work. This workflow gives you incredible power to experiment, adjust, and refine your gameplay without investing a lot of time in iteration cycles. Try it out with any property in Play Mode. We think you'll be impressed.Changing the order of ComponentsThe order in which components are listed in the Inspector doesn't matter in most cases. However, there are some Components, such as Image Effects where the ordering is significant. The context menu has Move Up and Move Down commands to let you reorder Components as necessary.Removing ComponentsIf you want to remove a Component, option- or right-click on its header in the Inspector, and choose Remove Component. Or you can left-click the options icon next to the ? on the Component header. All the property values will be lost and this cannot be undone, so be completely sure you want to remove the Component before you do.。