温州医科大学生理名词解释中英文对照180个

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生理学名词解释及英文对照

生理学名词解释第一章绪论1. 内环境（internal environment）生理学中将围绕在多细胞动物体细胞周围的液体即细胞外液，称为内环境。

2. 稳态（homeostasis）是指内环境的理化性质，如温度、PH、渗透压和各种液体成分的相对恒定状态。

3. 反射（reflex）是指机体在中枢神经系统的参与下，对内、外环境作出的规律性应答4. 负反馈（negative feedback）受控部分发出的反馈信息，调整控制部分的活动，最终使受控部分的活动朝着与它原先活动相反的方向改变。

称为负反馈。

5. 正反馈（positive feedback）受控部分发出的反馈信息，促进加强控制部分的活动，最后使受控部分的活动朝着与它原先活动相同的方向改变，称为正反馈。

6. 自身调节（autoregulation）是指组织细胞不依赖于神经或体液因素，自身对环境刺激发生的一种适应性反应。

7. 神经调节（nervous regulation）是通过反射而影响生理功能的一种调节方式，是人体生理功能中最主要的一种调节方式。

8. 体液调节（humoralregulation）是指体内某些特殊的化学物质通过体液途径而影响生理功能的一种方式。

第二章细胞的基本功能1. 单纯扩散（simple diffusion）即简单扩散，物质从质膜的高浓度一侧通过脂质分子间隙向低浓度一侧进行地跨膜运输，无生物学机制参与，无需耗能。

2. 易化扩散（facilitated diffusion）非脂溶性的小分子物质或带电离子在跨膜蛋白帮助下，顺浓度梯度和电位梯度进行地跨膜转运，属于被动转运，无需耗能3. 主动转运(active transport)某些物质在膜蛋白的帮助下，由细胞代谢提供能量而进行地逆浓度梯度和点位梯度的跨膜转运，根据是否直接耗能，可分为原发性主动转运和继发性主动转运4. 继发性主动转运（secondary active transport）某些物质的主动转运所需的驱动力并不直接来自ATP的分解，而是利用原发性主动转运机制建立起来的Na+或H+浓度梯度，在Na+或H+顺浓度梯度扩散的同时，使其他物质逆浓度梯度和电位梯度跨膜转运5. 钠泵（sodium pump）钠泵是镶嵌在细胞膜磷脂双份子层之间的一种特殊蛋白质，它是一种大分子蛋白，具有ATP酶的活性，当细胞内Na+增加或细胞膜外K+增加时被激活，因此又称Na-K依赖式ATP酶6. 静息电位（resting potential，RP）静息时，质膜两侧存在着外正内负的电位差，称为静息电位。

2023年最全考博病理生理学名词解释带英文

病理生理学（Pathologic Physiology或Pathophysiology），是基础医学理论学科之一，它同时还肩负着基础医学课程到临床课程之间的桥梁作用。

它的任务是研究疾病发生的因素和条件，研究整个疾病过程中的患病机体的机能、代谢的动态变化及其发生机理，从而揭示疾病发生、发展和转归的规律，阐明疾病的本质，为疾病的防治提供理论基础。

1、水肿（edema）：体液在组织间隙或体腔积聚过多，称为水肿2、代谢性碱中毒（metabolic alkalosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性增长，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/H2CO3＞20/1，血浆pH升高的病理改变。

3、代谢性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性减少，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/ H2CO3<20/1，血浆PH值下降的病理过程。

4、呼吸性碱中毒（respiratory alkalosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性减少，使血浆NaHCO3/H2CO3增长，血浆pH 值升高的病理过程。

5、呼吸性酸中毒（respiratory acidosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性增长，使NaHCO3/H2减少，血浆pH值下降的病理过程。

6、缺氧(hypoxia)：是指因组织的氧气供应局限性或用氧障碍，而导致组织的代谢、功能和形态结构发生异常变化的病理过程。

缺氧是临床各种疾病中极常见的一类病理过程，脑、心脏等生命重要器官缺氧也是导致机体死亡的重要因素。

并且，由于动脉血氧含量明显减少导致组织供氧局限性，又称为低氧血症（hypoxemia ）。

7、发热（fever）：由于致热原的作用，使体温调节中枢的调定点上移，而引起的调节性体温升高称为发热。

8、应激（stress）：机体在受到各种因素刺激时，所出现的非特异性全身反映称为应激。

9、弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）：在某些致病因素作用下，使体内凝血系统激活，从而引起微血管内发生纤维蛋白沉积和血小板凝集，形成弥散性微血栓，并继而引起凝血因子损耗、纤溶系统激活和多发性微血栓栓塞的综合病症。

医学常用生理学术语中英文对照与翻译

医学常用生理学术语中英文对照与翻译在医学领域中，掌握生理学术语的中英文对照与翻译是非常重要的。

生理学术语的准确理解和正确使用，有助于医学专业人员之间的有效沟通，并提供了对医学文献和研究的正确理解。

本文将为您提供一份医学常用生理学术语的中英文对照与翻译，帮助您更好地掌握这些术语。

1. 细胞（cell）细胞是生物体的基本结构和功能单位。

它们是一系列化学反应的载体，并能根据生物体的需要执行各种生物学功能。

2. 组织（tissue）组织是由一组具有相似功能的细胞组成的。

常见的组织类型包括上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织和神经组织等。

3. 器官（organ）器官是由多种组织结合而成，共同执行特定功能的结构。

常见的器官包括心脏、肺、肝脏等。

4. 系统（system）系统是由多个器官组成的复杂结构，共同执行特定功能。

常见的系统包括呼吸系统、循环系统、消化系统等。

5. 内分泌系统（endocrine system）内分泌系统由一组产生激素的腺体组成，用于调节全身的生理过程。

常见的内分泌腺体包括甲状腺、肾上腺等。

6. 神经系统（nervous system）神经系统由大脑、脊髓和神经组织组成，负责传递神经信号和控制身体各部分的活动。

7. 循环系统（circulatory system）循环系统由心脏、血管和血液组成。

它负责输送氧气、营养物质和代谢废物，维持全身细胞的正常功能。

8. 呼吸系统（respiratory system）呼吸系统由鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺组成。

它的功能是将氧气带入身体，并排出二氧化碳等废物。

9. 消化系统（digestive system）消化系统由口腔、食管、胃、小肠和大肠组成。

它负责消化食物，吸收营养物质，并排出未消化的废物。

10. 泌尿系统（urinary system）泌尿系统由肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道组成。

它负责产生、储存和排泄尿液，排除体内代谢产生的废物。

11. 免疫系统（immune system）免疫系统是身体抵抗疾病和保护身体免受感染的防线。

温医生理学名词解释汇总

1.阈电位：引起细胞产生动作电位的刺激必须是使膜发生去极化的刺激，而且还要有足够的强度使膜去极化到膜电位的一个临界值。

2.后负荷：肌肉在收缩过程中所承受的负荷。

前负荷：肌肉在收缩前所承受的负荷。

3.继发性主动转运：指驱动力并不直接来自ATP的分解，而是来自原发性主动转运所形成的离子浓度梯度而进行的物质逆浓度梯度和或电位梯度的跨膜转运方式。

4.终板电位：在静息状态下，细胞对Na+的内向驱动力远大于对K+的外向驱动力，因而跨膜的Na+内流远大于K+外流，其速度最高可达3×10Na＋／s,从而使终板膜发生去极化，这一去极化的电位变化称。

5.去极化：静息电位减小的过程或状态称为。

6.动作电位：在静息电位的基础上，给细胞一个适当的刺激，可触发其产生可传播的膜电位波动，称为。

7.第二信使：指激素、递质、细胞因子等信号分子作用于细胞膜后产生的细胞内信号分子。

8.搏出量：一侧心室在一次心搏中射出的血液量，又称每搏输出量。

9.射血分数：搏出量占心室舒张末期容积的百分比。

10.心输出量：一侧心室每分钟射出的血液量，又称为每分输出量。

11.心指数：以单位体表面积（㎡）计算的心输出量称为。

12.心脏做功量：心脏收缩将血液射人动脉时，是通过心脏做功释放的能量转化为血流的动能和压强能，以驱动血液循环流动。

其中压强能的大部分用于维持血压，搏出血液的压强能一般用平均动脉压表示。

13.心肌收缩力：指心肌纤维不依赖于前、后负荷而改变其收缩强度和速度的一种内在特性。

14.起搏离子流：If通道激活开放时产生的If电流主要以Na+内流为主，也有少量K +外流，因而形成内向电流，引起自律细胞（主要是普肯野细胞）4期自动去极化而产生起搏作用，因此，If电流也称。

15.快反应细胞：在心脏电生理学中，通常将由快Na+通道开放引起快速去极化的心肌细胞，如心房肌细胞、心室肌细胞和普肯野细胞等称为。

16.慢反应细胞：0期去极化主要依赖Ca2+的内流，其动作电位的幅度较小，上升速度较慢，传导速度亦较慢。

生理学名词解释

生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.稳态（homeostasis）：内环境的化学成分和理化性质保持相对稳定的状态。

2.旁分泌调节（paracrine regulation）：指激素等化学物质经组织液扩散，改变临近细胞活动的调节方式。

3.自身调节（autoregulation）：指内外环境变化时，组织、细胞不依赖于神经或体液调节而产生的适应性反应。

4.负反馈（negative feedback）：指在自动控制系统中，反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相反的方向改变。

5.正反馈（positive feedback）：指在自动控制系统中，反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相同的方向改变。

6.前馈(feed-forward)：指干扰信号对控制部分的直接作用，它能使输出变量在出现偏差而引起反馈性调节之前就能得到纠正。

第二章细胞的基本功能7. 经载体易化扩散（facilitated diffusion via carrier）：水溶性小分子物质依靠膜上载体蛋白的介导，顺浓度梯度或（和）电位梯度的跨膜转运成为经载体易化扩散。

8. 经通道易化扩散（facilitated diffusion via ion channel）：离子或水依靠膜上通道蛋白的介导，顺电化学驱动力或依靠渗透压差的跨膜转运称为经通道易化扩散。

9. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel) ：受膜电位调控离子通道的开闭。

10. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel) ：由化学物质（激素、递质等）控制离子通道的开闭，又称配体门控通道。

11. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel)：由机械因素控制离子通道的开闭。

12. 原发性主动转运（primary active transport）：离子泵利用分解ATP产生的能量，将离子逆浓度梯度或（和）电位梯度进行跨膜转运的过程称为原发性主动转运。

医学常用生理学名词英汉翻译

医学常用生理学名词英汉翻译医学常用生理学名词英汉翻译（Medical Physiology Terms: English to Chinese Translation）Introduction:医学常用生理学名词是医学领域中不可或缺的基础内容。

准确理解这些名词的英汉翻译对医学教育和研究至关重要。

本文旨在提供一份包含医学常用生理学名词的英汉翻译的综合参考，帮助读者更好地理解这些名词，并在医学领域中应用它们。

一、细胞生理学（Cell Physiology）1. 细胞（Cell）- 生物体的基本结构和功能单位。

2. 细胞膜（Cell Membrane）- 包裹和保护细胞的透过半透膜。

3. 溶质（Solute）- 溶解在溶剂中的物质。

4. 入外去内形式（Endo-Exocytosis）- 物质从细胞内进出的过程。

5. 离子（Ion）- 带电荷的原子或分子。

二、心血管生理学（Cardiovascular Physiology）1. 心脏（Heart）- 泵血器官，将氧和养分输送到全身。

2. 血管（Blood Vessels）- 导管系统，包括动脉、静脉和毛细血管。

3. 血压（Blood Pressure）- 衡量血液对血管壁的压力。

4. 心肌收缩（Myocardial Contraction）- 心肌收缩将血液推向体循环。

5. 心输出量（Cardiac Output）- 心脏每分钟泵出的血液量。

三、消化生理学（Digestive Physiology）1. 消化系统（Digestive System）- 约束口腔、食管、胃和肠道的器官组织。

2. 蛋白酶（Protease）- 分解蛋白质的酶。

3. 胆囊（Gallbladder）- 存储胆汁的器官。

4. 葡萄糖（Glucose）- 最常见的糖类，是能量的重要来源。

5. 肠道吸收（Intestinal Absorption）- 营养物质从肠道进入血液。

四、泌尿生理学（Renal Physiology）1. 肾脏（Kidneys）- 过滤血液，产生尿液，并维持体液平衡。

生理学名词解释英汉双版

cardiac cycle（心动周期）：心脏一次收缩和舒张，构成一个机械活动周期，称为cardiac cycle。

Stroke volume(每搏输出量）：简称搏出量，即一侧心室一次心脏搏动射出的血量。

正常成人安静平卧时约为70ml。

Ejection fraction(射血分数）：搏出量与心室舒张末期容积的百分比。

安静状态约55%-65% Cardiac output(每分心输出量）：一侧心室每分钟射出的血量（心输出量）Cardiac index(心指数）：单位体表面积的心输出量，称心指数。

安静、空腹状态下的心指数，称静息心指数。

Stroke work每搏功，心室一次收缩射血所做的功每分功:是指心室每分钟内收缩射血所做的功即心室完成每分输出量所做的机械外功，等于每搏功x心率。

Blood presure(血压）：是指血管内流动着的血液对单位面积血管壁的侧压力，即压强。

Arterial blood pressure(动脉血压）：是动脉血管内血液对单位面积血管壁的侧压力。

Central Venous Presure(中心静脉压）：右心房和胸腔大静脉的血压。

正常值：4-12cmH20 Peripheral venous pressure(外周静脉压）：指各器官静脉的血压。

Digestion（消化）：食物在消化道内被分解为可吸收的小分子物质的过程。

Absorption（吸收）：经消化后的营养成分透过消化道粘膜进入血液或淋巴液的过程。

slow wave potential**（慢波）：又称Basic electrial rhythm(BER，基本电节律），指消化道平滑肌细胞在静息电位的基础上，自发地产生周期性的轻度去极化和复极化。

Gastric emptying 胃排空指的是食物由胃排入十二指肠的过程Enterohepatic circulation of bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环，进入小肠的胆盐绝大部分由回肠粘膜吸收入血，通过门静脉系统回到肝脏再形成胆汁。

温医生理学名词解释英译中

一、英译中说明:我把类似的英语尽量放在一起了,所以可能和我们以前发的名词解释的顺序有点不一样,不过大体上顺序差不多。

还有我特意把英语单词排列整齐的放在最前面，是为了方便把后面的中文和提示遮起来，所以一定要抽空把后面的挡住检测一下掌握情况哦！部分高频词regulation potential reflex osmotic pressure synapse current 调节电位反射渗透压力突触电流英文中文帮助记忆小提示paracrine旁分泌①para旁(pang)②crine≈cry哭(眼泪的分泌)autoregulation自身调节auto自动regulation调节(也有”规则”的意思) autorhythmicity自动节律性rhythm韵律,节律facilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散①facilitate vt.使容易(facility n.设备,设施;工具)②diffusion扩撒③via经(visa签证,经过一个国家要签证)④carrier载体channel海峡(通道)facilitated diffusion via channel经通道易化扩散voltage-gated ion channel电压门控通道①voltage→v(电压)②gate大门③ion离子mechanically-gated ion channel机械门控通道mechanics机械≈machine机器chemical-gated ion channel化学门控通道electrochemical driving force电化学驱动力primary active transport原发性主动转运active积极的,主动的secondary active transport继发性主动转运second第二symport同向转运①sym→same同样的②port(transport)antiport反向转运anti反a gonist激动剂gonist→谐音”去你的”→情绪很激动!antagonist拮抗剂ant反polarization极化polar→极(前缀)→pole(极点)depolarization去极化de→去,除去(前缀)→例:destroy(毁灭)hyperpolarization超极化hyper→超级(联想high,super)repolarization复极化inward current内向电流current电流,流通的outward current外向电流“all or none”phenomenon“全或无”现象threshold intensity阈强度①threshold→thres阀门+hold控制→控制阀门(阈)②intensity→in(向里)＋tense(紧)→使更紧,更强的紧程度→强度renal threshold for glucose肾糖阈①renal肾脏的(联想rent,卖肾)②glucose葡萄糖(简写是g) threshold potential阈电位equilibrium potential平衡电位①equili→equal(平等的)②brium→bridge(桥)resting potential静息电位action potential动作电位local potential局部电位calcium induced calcium release钙触发钙释放calcrium→Ca(钙)induce→诱导preload前负荷afterload后负荷motor unit运动单位motor机动车hem atocrit血细胞比容hem血→谐音”汗马”→汗血宝马hem ostasis生理性止血hem(血)+o+stasis(静止)home ostasis稳态home(内环境是细胞的home)-o-stasis(静止)plasma crystal osmotic pressure血浆晶体渗透压crystal→cry+stal→哭出来的泪水是晶莹的plasma colloid osmotic pressure血浆胶体渗透压colloid≈call+old→老是打电话→粘人→胶体serum血清intr insic pathway内源性凝血途径intr（看做intro内向）+insic（看做inside）→内在的，本质的extr insic pathway外源性凝血途径extr(看做extra额外的)clotting time凝血时间bleeding time出血时间blood group血型(a型,b性,o型,ab型是一个group)blood co ag utlation血液凝固blood coagutlation=clotingclotting factor/coagulation factor凝血因子platelet agg regation血小板聚集aggregate聚集(联想:segregate分离)agg lutination红细胞凝集agglutination凝集→aggl(简写)osmotic fragility红细胞渗透脆性fragilitty→fragment(碎片)+ility(≈ablitity能力,性的词根,后面会经常出现!!)suspension stability悬浮稳定性cross-match test交叉配血试验stroke volume每搏输出量stroke≈strike(击打,罢工)cardiac cycle心动周期cardiac→card是心脏的词根cardiac output心输出量cardiac index心指数excitability兴奋性exciting(激动的)+ability(能力)excitation-contraction coupling:兴奋收缩耦联①contraction(收缩)!→contract(合约,合同)→签合同时很紧张②coupling→couple夫妻,一对contractility肌肉收缩能力contration(收缩)+ability(能力)my o cardia l contractility心肌收缩能力Myocardial心肌的→my(≈muscle肌肉)+card(心脏)iso metric contraction等长收缩①iso→等(前缀)!②metric(米制的)→meter(米),米是长度单位iso tonic contraction等张收缩tonic→紧张的≈tensemuscle tonus肌紧张tonus≈tense紧张period of isovolumic contraction等容收缩期isovolumic→iso(等)+v(体积)period of isovolumic relaxation等容舒张期heterometric autoregulation异长自身调节hetero异性恋(单词中有很多e)+metric(米是长度单位)homometic regulation等长调节homo同性恋(homo-tong同)ventri cular function curve心室功能曲线①ventri(心室词根)→v(静脉血)+entri(进来)→实际上心室里面是动atri o ventri cular delay房室延搁脉血②atri(心房词根)后面会出现→a(动脉血)+tri(看成entri)→心房里面是静脉血fast/slow response cell快/慢反应细胞premature systole期前收缩pre之前(词根,如previous)+mature成熟期的com pen satory pause代偿间隙公司com弄坏了我的钢笔pen深感抱歉sorry对我进行了补偿normal pacemaker正常起搏点指窦房结late nt pacemaker潜在起搏点受窦房结控制,起兴奋传导的作用(在功能上后于late窦房结)ec topic pacemaker异位起搏点ec异常(e谐音”异”,常的开头字母是c)+topic主题→异常的主题→偏题,异位blood resistance血流阻力resistance阻力(电阻r)→resisit抵抗systolic pressure收缩压单词中有两个SS(shou suo)diastolic pressure舒张压单词中只有一个S(shu zhang),而且舒张压是低(di)的a rterial blood pressure动脉血压动脉血Acentral v enous pressure中心静脉压静脉血Vbaroreceptor reflex压力感受性反射bar酒吧(压力大会到酒吧喝酒)+o+receptor接收器(reception接待处) elastic resistance弹性阻力elastic弹性→记忆方法①plastic塑料(塑料有弹性)②谐音“易拉的”，易拉长的东西有弹性airway resistance气道阻力compliance顺应性compliance→complian--ia反一下变成ai→complain抱怨→与”抱怨”相反的是”顺应”specific compliance比顺应性tidal volume潮气量residual volume余气量residual→rest剩余的+dual形容词functional residual capacity功能余气量Cap a city→帽子(cap)装下一个(a)城市(city)→“容量”真大啊（难道是哈里波特的魔法帽？）vital capacity肺活量vital至关重要的(肺活量是肺功能测定最常用最简便的方式,最重要) foeced vital capacity用力肺活量forced ex piratory volume用力呼气量expiratory呼气的→expiration呼气→inspiration吸气(inspire鼓舞)re spiratory quotient呼吸商quotient商→iq(智商)的q就是这个单词anatomical dead space解剖无效腔anatomical→an+atom原子+ical→结构上的,解剖的alveolar dead space肺泡无效腔alveolar肺泡的→alve(≈cave洞穴)+olar(≈hole洞)alveolar ventilation肺泡通气量ventilation→vent(拉丁文)=wind,表示"风"(读音也类似)ventilation/perfusion ratio通气血流比值ratio比值→rate比率pulmonary ventilation肺通气pul monary肺的→pul拉，mon门→拉门→肺像拉门一样的呼吸pulmonary surfactant肺表面活性物质surfactant→surfac(e)表面+actant活性(active活力的)pulmonary stretch reflex肺牵张反射stretch伸展,牵张stretch reflex牵张反射gas exchange in lungs肺换气oxygen capacity氧容量【回顾】capacity:帽子(cap)装下一个(a)城市(city)-“容量”真大啊oxygen content氧含量oxygen saturation氧饱和度（词根）sat＝full（充满的）,饱和度的缩写为soxygen dissocistion curve氧解离曲线dissocistion→dis(表否定)+social社会的(社会是一个群体)→对群体的否定就是解离mechanical digestion机械性消化mechanical digestionslow wave慢波slow wave sleep慢波睡眠gastric emptying胃的排空gastric胃:gas(气体)+tri(看成entri进来,与”心房atri”一样),胃会胀气entero-gastric reflex肠-胃排空entero→en(里面)+tero(看成text检查)→对照下个单词gastro intestinal hormone胃肠激素intest→in(里面)+text(检查)→肠有毛病用肠镜在里面检查hormone谐音”荷尔蒙”hormone激素gastric muc osal barrier胃黏膜屏障muc黏+cosal(coast海岸,细胞膜就像还想一样)muc us bi carbon ate barrier黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障receptive relaxation容受性舒张segmental motility分节运动segment部分energy metabolism能量代谢metaboli sm代谢→(谐音:摸她不理=代谢中没空理你！)basal metabolic rate基础代谢率rate比率【回顾】:ratio比值thermal equivalent of food食物的热价thermal热的→(谐音:折磨..温医夏天这么热,太折磨人了!)equivalent→equi（相等）+val（价值）+ent→等价的thermal equivalent of oxygen氧热价thermal sweating温热性发汗body temperature体温tubul o glomeru lar feedback管-球反馈tubul=tube管glomeru=globe球glomerul o tubul ar balance球-管平衡glomeru lar filtration rate肾小球滤过率fil tra tion→fill(充满)+tra vel(旅行,移动)effective filtration pressure有效滤过压filtration fraction滤过分数ejection fraction射血分数ejection喷出→eject(e出+ject扔)--联想--reject拒绝(re反+ject扔) solvent drag溶剂拖曳solvent溶剂,有溶解能力的(有解决能力的)→solve解决osmotic diuresis渗透性利尿diuresis利尿(好猥琐,自己联想-_-|||)clearance清除率adequate stimulus适宜刺激transducer function换能作用pupillary light reflex瞳孔对光反射pupillary瞳孔的→pupil瞳孔,小学生(小瞳孔-_-!好棒的称呼) near reflex of the pupil瞳孔近反射visual acuity视敏度visual field视野dark adaptation暗适应microcirculation微循环cochlear microphonic potential耳蜗微音器电位①cochlear=cochl+ear(耳)②音器就是指听筒phoneendo cochlear potential耳蜗内电位endo内(词缀)ny stagmus眼震颤①ny→nod点头(上下摆动)②stagmus→stage舞台(眼眶作为舞台)③眼珠在眼眶里上下摆动→眼震颤synaptic transmission突触传递electric synapse电突触classical synapse经典的突触non-directed synapse非定向突触recurrent inhibition回返性抑制①current电流→recurrent再流一次②exhibition展览(ex表示向外)→inhibition(in表示向里)post synaptic inhibition突触后抑制post经过,在...之后pre synaptic inhibition突触前抑制pre在...之前excitatory post synaptic potential兴奋性突触后电位inhibitory post synaptic potential抑制性突触后电位neuro transmitter神经递质①neuro≈nerve神经②trans传递neuro modulator神经调质modulator→mode（模式）late（过时了），需要调整up/down regulation上调/下调fibrin o lysis纤维蛋白溶解①fibrin→fiber(纤维)②lysis(溶解,分离)→我（i）躺下（ly）分离了两条蛇(s) cholinergic fiber胆碱能纤维adrenergic fiber肾上腺素能纤维specific project ion system特异投射系统project投射→pro(向前)+ject(扔)【回顾】：eject喷出→e出+ject扔nonspecific projection system非特异投射系统ascending reticular activating system 脑干网状结构上行激动系统①reticular网状的(组胚中出现过很多次,大家应该不陌生!)②activating激动的→active活跃的referred pain牵涉痛referred→refer to谈到,涉及到spinal shock脊髓休克spinal脊髓的,针的→spin针(脊髓像针一样?)tendon reflex腱反射de cerebrate rigidity去大脑僵直①de(表去除)②cere bra te=bra in(大脑)α-rigidity/γ-rigidityα僵直/γ僵直electr o encephal o gram脑电图①electric电的②encephalon脑③gram≈graph图(如photograph) permissive action允许作用permissive→permit允许feed-forward前馈negative feedback负反馈消极是负面的positive feedback正反馈积极是正面的long-loop feedback长反馈short-loop feedback短反馈ultra-short-loop feedback超短反馈ultra超→ultraman奥特曼hypo thalamic regulatory peptides下丘脑调节肽①hypo在...下②peptide肽→pep+tide(肽的)wolff-chaikoff effect碘阻滞效应stress应激emergency reaction应急反应emergency紧急事件注:11级考到的名词解释为①反向转运②正常起搏点③肺泡通气量④肾糖阈⑤突触前抑制。

生理名词解释(中英+解释)

生理名词解释生理学（Physiology):是生物科学的一个分支，是研究生物体及其各组成部分正常功能活动规律的一门科学。

内环境（internal environment):生理学中将围绕在多细胞动物体内细胞周围的体液，即细胞外液。

稳态(homeostasis):也称自稳态，是指内环境的理化性质，如温度，PH，渗透压和各种体液成分等的相对恒定状态。

体液调节（humoral regulation):是指体内某些特殊的化学物质通过体液途径而影响生理功能的一种调节方式。

自身调节（autoregulation):是指组织细胞不依赖于神经或体液因素，自身对环境刺激发生的一种适应性反应。

正反馈（positive feedback):受控部分发出的反馈信息促进与加强控制部分的活动，最终使受控部分的活动朝着与它原先活动相同的方向改变。

负反馈（negative feedback):受控部分发出的反馈信息调整控制部分的活动，最终使受控部分的活动朝着与它原先活动相反的方向改变。

前馈（feed-forward):控制部分在反馈信息尚未到达前已受到纠正信息（前馈信息）的影响，及时纠正其指令可能出现的偏差，这种自动控制形式称为前馈。

阈电位（threshold potential):细胞去极化达到刚刚引发动作电位的临界跨膜电位数值。

出胞（exocytosis):是指胞质内的大分子物质以分泌囊泡的形式排出细胞的过程。

入胞（endocytosis):是指大分子物质或物质团块借助于细胞形成吞噬泡或吞饮泡的方式进入细胞的过程。

第二信使（second messenger)：是指激素，递质，细胞因子等信号分子作用于细胞膜后产生的细胞内信号分子。

兴奋性（excitability):生物学中将可兴奋细胞接受刺激后产生动作电位的能力称为细胞的兴奋性。

静息电位（resting potential):静息是质膜两侧存在着外正内负的电位差，称为静息电位。

病生名词解释温州医科大学病理生理学

病理生理学名词解释1.病理生理学(pathophysiology)：一门研究疾病发生、发展、转归的规律和机制的科学，重点研究疾病中功能和代谢的变化。

2.病理过程pathologic process[ˌpæθəˈlɔdʒik ˈprəuses]：指多种疾病中可能出现的、共同的、成套的功能、代谢和结构的异常变化。

3.循证医学（EBM）：指一切医学研究与决策均应以可靠的科学成果为依据，循证医学是以证据为基础，实践为核心的医学。

4.健康(health)：健康不仅是没有疾病或衰弱现象，而且是躯体上、精神上和社会适应上的一种完全良好状态。

5.疾病(disease)：在一定病因作用下，机体内稳态调节紊乱而导致的异常生命活动过程。

6.病因：引起疾病必不可少的、赋予疾病特征或决定疾病特异性的因素。

7.遗传易感性(genetic susceptibility)遗传因素所决定的个体患病风险.8.过敏反应免疫系统对抗原发生异常强烈的反应，致使组织细胞损伤和生理功能障碍。

9.完全康复(complete recovery)：指疾病时所发生的损伤性变化完全消失，机体的自稳调节恢复正常。

10.不完全康复(Incomplete recovery)：指疾病时的损伤性变化得到控制，但基本病理变化尚未完全消失，经机体代偿后功能代谢恢复，主要症状消失，有时可留后遗症。

11.死亡(death)：指机体作为一个整体的功能永久停止。

12.脑死亡(brain death)：全脑功能（包括大脑、间脑、脑干）不可逆的永久性丧失以及作为一个整体功能的永久性停止。

13.低渗性脱水(hypotonic dehydration)：失钠多于失水，血清Na+浓度<130mmol/L，血浆渗透压<280mmol/L，伴有细胞外液量的减少，又称低容量性低钠血症(hypovolemic hyponatremia)。

14.高渗性脱水(hypertonic dehydration)：失水多于失钠，血清Na+浓度>150mmol/L，血浆渗透压>310mmol/L，细胞外液量和细胞内液量均减少，又称低容量性高钠血症 (hypovolemic hypernatremia)。

生理学名词解释大全

生理学名词解释285条（含答案）1. Negative feedback：负反馈：在一个闭环系统中，控制部分活动受受控部分反馈信号（Sf）的影响而变化，若Sf为负，则为负反馈。

其作用是输出变量受到扰动时系统能及时反应，调整偏差信息（Se），以使输出稳定在参考点（Si）。

2. homeostasis（稳态）：内环境的理化性质不是绝对静止的，而是各种物质在不断转换之中达到相对平衡状态，即动态平衡，这种平衡状态为稳态。

3. Autoregulation：自身调节，指组织、细胞在不依赖于外来的神经和体液调节情况下，自身对刺激发生的适应性反应过程。

4. Paracrine：旁分泌，内分泌细胞分泌的激素通过细胞外液扩散而作用于临近靶细胞的作用方式。

5. 局部电位: 由阈下刺激引起局部膜去极化（局部反应），引起邻近一小片膜产生类似去极化。

主要包括感受器电位，突触后电位及电刺激产生的电紧张电位。

特点：分级；不传导；可以相加或相减；随时间和距离而衰减。

6. 内向电流：指细胞膜激活时发生的跨膜正离子内向流动或负离子外向流动。

7. fluid mosaic model：液态镶嵌模型，是有关膜的分子结构的假说，内容是膜的共同特点是以液态的脂质双分子层为骨架，其中镶嵌有具有不同分子结构、因而也具有不同生理功能的蛋白质。

8. 跳跃式传导：有髓纤维受外加刺激时，动作电位只能发生在相邻的朗飞结之间，跨髓鞘传递。

9. 膜片钳：用来测量单通道跨膜的离子电流和电导的装置。

10. 后负荷：指肌肉开始收缩时遇到的阻力。

11. 横桥：肌凝蛋白的膨大的球状部突出在粗肌丝的表面，它与细肌丝接触共同组成横桥结构。

它对肌丝的滑动有重要意义。

12. 后电位：在锋电位下降支最后恢复到静息电位水平前，膜两侧电位还要经历一些微小而较缓慢的波动，称为后电位。

13. Chemical-dependent channel：化学门控通道能特异性结合外来化学刺激的信号分子，引起通道蛋白质的变构作用而使通道开放，然后靠相应离子的易化扩散完成跨膜信号传递的膜通道蛋白。

温州医科大学药理学名词解部分释

药理学名词解释1.药物效应动力学|pharmacodynamics：研究药物对机体的作用及作用机制，又称药效学。

2.药物代谢动力学|pharmacokinetics：研究药物在机体的影响下所发生的变化及其规律，又称药动学。

3.首过消除|first pass elimination：药物通过肠粘膜及肝时经过灭活代谢而使入体循环的药量减少。

4.生物利用度|bioavailability,F：药物制剂给药后其中能被吸收进入体循环的药物相对量和浓度。

5.药-时曲线：用曲线表示药物在血浆的浓度随时间的推移而发生变化的过程。

6.血浆半衰期|half life：血药浓度下降一半所需的时间。

7.表观分布容积|apparent volume distribution,V d：当药物在体内分布达到动态平衡时，体内药量与血药浓度的比值，反映药物分布的广泛性。

8.一级动力学消除|first-order elimination kinetics：药物消除速度与当时药量或浓度的一次方成正比，血浆中的药物浓度每隔若干时间降到原浓度的一定比例。

9.零级动力学消除|zero-order elimination kinetics：药物消除速度与当时药量或浓度的零次方成正比。

血浆中的药物浓度每隔一定时间消除一定的量。

10.血浆清除率|clearance,CL：指在单位时间内，若干容积血浆中的药物被机体清除.11.稳态血药浓度|steady-static concentration,C ss：恒速恒量重复给药，经5个t1/2后，当一个给药间隔内的摄入量等于排出量时，血药浓度达到稳态。

12.负荷剂量|loading does：为使血药浓度迅速达到所需要水平，在常规给药前应用的一次剂量。

13.药物作用|drug action：指药物与机体细胞间的初始反映，是动因，有其特异性。

14.药理效应|pharmacological effect：是药物作用的结果，是机体反应的表现。

《生理学》名词解释[人卫版].[期末考试用].[英文字母顺序]简单排版

●吸收（absorption）食物经消化后形成小分子物质，以及维生素、无机盐和水通过消化道粘膜上皮细胞进入血液与淋巴的过程。

●适宜刺激（adequate stimulate）一种感受器通常只对某种特定形式的刺激最敏感，即感受器适宜刺激。

●肺泡通气量（alveolar ventilation）每分钟吸收肺泡的新鲜空气量：肺泡通气量=呼吸频率x（潮气量-无效腔气量）●动脉血压（arterial pressure）流动着的血液对于单位面积动脉血管壁的侧压力，也是平时所说的血压。

●血液凝固（blood coagulation）血液由流动的液体变为不流动的凝胶状态的过程，实质是可溶性纤维蛋白原转变为不溶性纤维蛋白。

●心输出量（cardiac output）一侧心室每分钟射出的血液量，心输出量=搏出量*心率，健康成年男性安静正常值为4.5~6.0L/(min*m2)●心力贮备（cardiac reserve）心输出量随机体代谢需要而增加的能力，称为心力贮备，或称心泵功能储备，通常用最大心输出量表示。

●暗适应（dark adaption）人在长时间明亮环境中突然进入暗处，最初看不见东西，而后一定时间视觉敏感度逐渐升高，能逐渐看见物体的现象。

●去大脑僵直（decerebrate rigidity）在动物中脑上、下丘之间切断脑干后，动物出现抗重力肌（伸肌）的肌紧张亢进，表现为四肢伸直，坚硬如注，头尾昂起，脊柱挺硬的现象●消化（digestion）食物中所含营养物质在消化道内被分解为可吸收的小分子物质过程。

●射血分数（ejection fraction）搏出量占心室舒张末期容积的百分比。

●电紧张扩布（electronic propagation）当膜的某一部分出现局部去极化后可向周围短距离扩布，并随扩布距离增加而衰减乃至消失。

●兴奋性（excitability）可兴奋细胞接受刺激后产生动作电位的能力。

●兴奋-收缩耦联（excitation-contraction coupling）将以膜的电变化为特征的电兴奋和以肌纤维机械变化为基础的收缩耦联起来的中间机制。

生理学的名词解释重点中英

生理学的名词解释重点中英生理学是研究生命现象和功能的科学领域。

它涵盖了各种生物体内部的生物化学过程、细胞活动以及整个生物体的功能调节。

在生理学中，有许多重要的名词需要我们进行解释。

1. 细胞膜 (Cell Membrane)细胞膜是细胞的外皮，由双层磷脂分子、蛋白质和其他分子组成。

它起到了筛选物质进出细胞的作用，同时也提供了细胞的结构支持。

2. 激素 (Hormone)激素是由内分泌腺分泌的一种化学物质，通过血液传递到目标细胞，并对其产生特定的影响。

例如，胰岛素是一种调节血糖水平的激素。

3. 神经元 (Neuron)神经元是构成神经系统的基本单位。

它负责传递神经信号，并在神经网络中起到重要的作用。

神经元包括树突、轴突和细胞体。

4. 血液循环 (Blood Circulation)血液循环是指血液在循环系统中流动的过程。

它通过心脏的收缩和舒张来推动血液的循环，以供应氧气和营养物质，并排除废物。

5. 呼吸系统 (Respiratory System)呼吸系统负责人体的氧气摄取和二氧化碳排出。

它包括鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺部等器官，通过呼吸过程实现气体交换。

6. 消化系统 (Digestive System)消化系统将食物分解为营养物质，以便身体吸收和利用。

它包括口腔、食道、胃、肠道和肝脏等器官，通过消化酶的作用来完成消化过程。

7. 兴奋传导 (Excitation Conduction)兴奋传导是指神经信号在神经元之间传递的过程。

当神经元受到刺激时，电信号沿着轴突传导到目标细胞，并引发特定的生理反应。

8. 基因 (Gene)基因是生物遗传信息的基本单位。

它是DNA分子的一部分，负责编码特定的蛋白质，影响个体的性状和功能。

9. 免疫系统 (Immune System)免疫系统负责识别和抵御外来的病原体，保护身体免受感染和疾病的侵害。

它包括淋巴细胞、抗体和免疫器官等组成部分。

10. 代谢 (Metabolism)代谢是生物体内化学反应的总称。

生理学中英文名词解释

生理学基本概念的中英文名词解释绝对不应期absolute refractory periodThe time interval during which a cell is incapable of initiating a second action potential.动作电位action potentialAn action potential is a rapid change in the membrane potential. Each action potential begins with a sudden change from the normal resting negative potential to a positive membrane potential (depolarization) and then ends with an almost equally rapid change back to the negative potential (repolarization).主动转运active transportThe movement of substances across the membrane occurs against the electrochemical gradient with the necessity of consumption of metabolic energy后负荷afterloadAfterload is the load that is given to the muscle after the beginning of the contraction.自身调节autoregulationIn certain cases, a tissue or organ can respond directly to the environmental changes, depending neither on nervous nor on humoral control. This form of regulation is called auto-regulation.完全强直收缩complete tetanusWhen the frequency of stimulation reaches a critical level, the successive contractions are so rapid that they literally fused together, and the contraction appears to be completely smooth and continuous. This is called completely tetanus.去极化depolarizationThe change in membrane potential away from the resting potential and toward the sodium equilibrium.入胞endocytosisVery large particles enter the cell by a specialized function of the cell membrane called endocytosis. The principle forms of endocytosis are pinocytosis and phagocytosis.平衡电位equilibrium potentialElectrochemical equilibrium is a steady state, as in the resting membrane potential of a cell ,in which an electrical potential and chemical potential gradient are in balance and no net movement of charged particles occurs.兴奋性excitabilityExcitability is the ability of certain kinds of cells (excitable cell) to generate active changes in their membrane potential. Excitability is a fundamental property common to all tissues and cells.兴奋excitationExcitation signifies and increases in activity, such as contraction of a muscle, acceleration of the heart beat.出胞exocytosisA stimulus to secrete causes the intracellular vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane and to release the vesicles contents is called exocytosis.易化扩散facilitated diffusionIn facilitated diffusion, transport proteins (carrier and channel proteins) hasten the movement of certain substances across a membrane down their concentration gradients.以通道为中介的转运facilitated diffusion via ion channelChannels are membrane proteins that contain small, highly selective aqueous pores. Channels usually allow specific ion, eg ,Na+,K+,Ca2+ or Cl- to move down their electrochemical gradients across the membrane.反馈feedbackFeedback is a flow of information along a closed loop. Usually, a constancy of physiological variable requires a feedback mechanism that feeds the output information back to the control system so as to modify the nature of control.稳态HomeostasisHomeostasis is the maintenance of a constant state with special reference to the internal medium.体内in vivoExperiments performed on the whole body.内环境internal environmentAll cells of the body live in the extracellular fluid, extracellular fluid is called the internal environment of the body.等长收缩isometric contractionTension increases but the length of the muscle does not change when a muscle contracts.等张收缩isotonic contractionTension remains constant but the muscle shortens when a muscle contracts.负反馈negative feedbackA regulated variable is sensed, information is sent to a controller, and action is taken to oppose change from the desire value.神经肌肉接头neuromuscular junctionThe complex structure responsible for signal transmission from nerve to skeletal muscle.正反馈positive feedbackWith positive feedback, a variable is sensed and action is taken to reinforce change of the variable, so it promotes a change in one direction.前负荷preloadPreload is the load that is given to the muscle prior to its contraction.相对不应期relative refractory periodA period follows the end of the absolute refractory period, during which it is possible to elicit a second action potential, but the threshold stimulus intensity is higher than usual.复极化repolarizationShortly after depolarization, the sodium channels begin to close and the potassium channels open more than they normally do. Then, rapid diffusion of potassium ions to the exterior re-establishes the normal resting potential. This is called repolarization of the membrane.静息电位resting potentialThe difference in electrical potential across the membrane of an undisturbed cell, having a positive sign on the outside surface and a negative sign in the interior.跳跃传导salutatory conductionConduction of a nerve impulse down a myelinated nerve fiber by skipping from node to node.单纯扩散simple diffusionDiffusion means simply movement through the membrane caused by random motion of the molecules of the substances, moving either through cell membrane pores or through the lipid matrix of the membrane.钠-钾泵sodium-potassium pumpThe sodium-potassium pump is responsible for the coupled active transport of Naせout of cells and Kせinto cells. Sodium-potassium pump is also an adenosine triphosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).凝集agglutinationDuring blood transfusion, the red blood cells aggregated together in clumps which were sufficiently large to block minor blood vessels. This clumping is known as agglutination.血液凝固blood coagulationThe coagulation system consists of cofactors and a series of zymogens which sequentially activate one another, leading to formation of fibrin at a site of vascular injury.血型blood groupBlood groups are system of genetically determined antigenic substances on the membrane of red blood cells.血压blood pressureBlood pressure means the force exerted by the blood against any unit area of the vessel wall.交叉配血cross-match testSerum from recipient is tested against the donor's cells, and serum from donor is tested against the recipient's cells, this test is called cross-matching test.红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rateWhen blood to which an anticoagulant has been added stands in a narrow tube, the red cells gradually sediment, leaving a clear zone of plasma above. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is measured as the length to column of clear plasma after one hour.红细胞生成素erythropoietinErythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys which stimulates hemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis.纤维蛋白溶解fibrinolysisIn many cases fibrin within blood vessels is rapidly dissolved to restore the fluidity of the blood, and in others the fibrin becomes hyalinized or is removed by phagocytes and replaced by connective tissue. The process of liquefaction of fibrin is known as fibrinolysis.血红蛋白hemoglobinHemoglobin is a chromoprotein found in the red blood cells and having a great affinity for oxygen.自动节律性autorhythmicityAutorhythmicity is the ability to initiate its own beat. Many cardiac tissues are found to have autorhythmicity, for example sinoatrial node, intraventricular tracts and Purkinje cells. In addition to the cardiac tissue, the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract has also autorhythmicity.容量血管capacitance vesselsThe veins have wide lumen and contain a greater volume of blood than any other section of the circulation does, thus the veins are referred to as the capacitance vessels.心动周期cardiac cycleThe cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next are called a cardiac cycle . Cardiac cycle is composed of two periods: systole and diastole.心指数cardiac indexCardiac index is the cardiac output per square meter of body surface area.心输出量cardiac outputThe product of the frequency of pumping (heart rate) and the stroke volume is the cardiac output; it is also called minute volume.心力储备cardiac reserveThe ability of the heart to adapt need of organism for expelling a largerquantity of blood above the basal level.心血管中枢cardiovascular centerThe cardiovascular centers are responsible for integration of sensory information and subsequent modification of efferent autonomic nerve activity to the heart and blood vessels.中心静脉压central venous pressureThe venous pressure as measured at the right atrium.代偿间歇compensatory pauseThe pause between the extra beat and the next normal beat is slightly longer than the usual beat interval, which is called compensatory pause.舒张压diastolic pressureDiastolic pressure is the lowest blood pressure in an artery during the diastole of the heart.有效不应期effective refractory periodThe duration from the beginning of phase 0 to -60mV of repolarization fails to produce action potential to any stimulus, no matter how strong. This duration is called ERP. In the ERP, the excitability is almost zero.射血分数ejection fractionThe proportion of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected (i.e. stroke volume/end diastolic volume).心电图electrocardiogramThe synchronized depolarizations spreading through the heart cause currents that establish field potential, whose differences can be amplified and detected by electrodes placed on the body surface. The record produced is called electrocardiogram.交换血管exchange vesselThe capillaries are tubes formed by a single layer of endothelial cells,. They create a very large area where the material exchanges between blood and the tissue cells take place.心音heart soundWhen the valves close, the vanes of the valves and the surrounding fluids vibrate under the influence of the sudden pressure differentials that develop, giving off sound that travels in all directions through the chest. These sounds are called heart sounds.异常自身调节heterometric autoregulationRegulation of cardiac output as a result of changes in cardiac muscle fiber length is called heterometric regulation.平均动脉压mean arterial pressureThe mean arterial blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries, average over time.微循环microcirculationMicrocirculation is the circulation between arterioles and venules. In the microcirculation, the most purposeful function of the circulation occurs: transport of nutrients to the tissues and removal of cellular excreta.起搏点pacemakerThe automatic cells that ordinarily fire at the highest frequency which are located in the sinoatrial node, excitation of the heart normally begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node.期前收缩premature systoleWhen a second action potential is triggered at the very start of the relative refractory period, the second contraction is superimposed on the semirelaxed phase of the first contraction. This phenomenon is called premature systole.脉压pulse pressureThe pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.每搏输出量stroke volumeStroke volume is referred to the volume ejected at each contraction by one side of the heart.每搏功stroke workThe stroke work of the heart is the amount of energy that the heart converts to work during each heart beat while pumping blood into arteries.收缩压systolic pressureThe pressure rises during cardiac systole and falls during diastole. The peak pressure value reached during systole is termed the systole pressure. Usually, at rest systolic pressure of the healthy young adult is 100~120mmHg.肺泡通气量alveolar ventilationThe amount of air reaching the alveoli per minute, at rest it generally amounts to 4.2L/min.解剖无效腔anatomic dead spaceThe space in the conducing zone of the airways occupied by gas that does not exchange with blood in the pulmonary vessels, such as in the nose, pharynx, and trachea since these area is not useful the gas exchange process but instead goes to fill respiratory passages.波尔效应Bohr effectThe increased oxygen release by hemoglobin in the presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels (the effects shift the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left and upward). By forming hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide loading facilitates oxygen unloading, i.e., the decrease in O2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood falls, which is closely related to the fact that deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin) binds H+ more actively than does oxyhemoglobin.顺应性complianceDistensibility, the ability of the lungs to tolerate changes in volume, a property that reflects the presence of elastic fibers. It is defined as the change in volume per unit change in pressure (△V/△P), the reciprocal of the compliance.弹性阻力elastic resistanceA term used to describe the elastic properties of the lung and chest wall;the resistance or elastance (△V/△P),the reciprocal of the compliance.机能余气量functional residual capacityIt equals to the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. This is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration (about 2300ml).何尔登效应Haldane effectThe increase in carbon dioxide unloading from hemoglobin in response to the combination of oxygen with hemoglobin, i.e., when oxygen binds with hemoglobin, carbon dioxide is released.补吸气量inspiratoy reserve volumeThe air inspired with a maximal inspiratoy effort in excess of the volume.i.e., the maximum extra volume of air that be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume, it is usually equal to about 3000ml.胸内压intrapleural pressureThe pressure within the pleural cavity is called intrapleural pressure.肺内压intrapulmonary pressureThe pressure within the alveoli of the lungs, also called intrapulmonary pressure.氧含量oxygen contentThe oxygen content is used to indicate how much O2 per liter of blood is attached to the hemoglobin in normal arterial blood, described as percent saturated.氧离曲线oxygen dissociation curveThe graph of the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the degree of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen, which has a characteristic sigmoid shape表面活性物质pulmonary surfactantA detergent-like mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins that lowers the surface tension of water, produced by surfactant-secreting (Type-II) cells. It isa mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), other lipids, and proteins.肺通气pulmonary ventilationThe total amount of new air moved into the respiratory passages each minute; equal to the tidal volume times the respiratory rate. The minute respiratory volume generally amounts to 6L/min.余气量residual volumeThe air left in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort. This volume averages about 1200 milliliters.潮气量tidal volumeThe amount of air that moves into the lungs with each inspiration (or the amount that moves out with each expiration) i.e., the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath; it amounts to about 500ml.肺总容量total lung capacityThe maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible effort (about 5800ml); it is equal to the vital capacity plus the residual volume.通气-血流比ventilation /perfusion ratioThe ratio of pulmonary ventilation to pulmonary blood flow for the whole lung, at rest about 0.8 (4.2 L/min ventilation divided by 5.5 L/min blood flow).吸收absorptionAbsorption is the process of transporting small molecules from the lumen of the gut into blood stream.基础代谢率basal metabolic rateThe basal metabolic rate is the metabolic rate determined under basal conditions which includes complete mental and physical relaxation in a room or a comfortable temperature and 12~14 hours after the last meal.体温body temperatureThe body temperature is often referred to core temperature. The core refers to the central area of the body, including the brain and viscera, whichare maintained at a constant temperature.消化digestionDigestion is a process essential for the conversion of food into a small and simple form.能量代谢energy metabolismThe energy metabolism means the liberation, transformation and utilization of energy produced by the material metabolism in the body.胃排空gastric emptyingGastric emptying is promoted by the intense peristaltic contractions in the stomach antrum. At the same time, emptying is opposed by varying degrees of resistance to the passage of chyme at the pylorus.胃泌素gastrinGastrin is a gut hormone secreted by the endocrine G cells in the gastric pyloric mucosa and duodenum mucosa. Gastrin is secreted in two forms, a large form called G-34, and a smaller form, G-17.调定点set pointAt a critical body core temperature, drastic changes occur in the rate of both heat loss and heat production. That is, all the temperature control mechanisms continually attempt to bring the body temperature back to this set-point level.慢波slow waveIf an electrode is inserted into a smooth muscle, it records a recurring depolarization, they are called slow waves or basic electrical rhythm (BER). Slow waves are not action potential, but show undulating changes in the resting membrane potential.出汗sweatingSweating is an active secretory process from eccrine sweat glands which are widely distributed over the surface of body.醛固酮aldosteroneAldosterone is a sodium-retaining hormone of the adrenal cortex.Aldosterone reduces sodium excretion and increases potassium excretion by the kidneys, this increasing sodium and decreasing potassium in the body.抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormoneA product of neurohypophyseal which, through its action on kidneys, promotes the conservation of body water.皮质肾单位cortical nephronThe nephrons have their glomerular located in the outer and middle portion of the renal cortex are called cortical nephrons.肾小球有效滤过压glomerular effective filtration pressureThe effective filtration pressure of glomerular represents the sum of the hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces that either favor or oppose filtration across the glomerular capillaries.肾小球滤过分数glomerular filtration fractionThe glomerular filtration fraction is the filtration rate as percentage of the total renal plasma flow that passes through both kidneys.球管平衡glomerulotubular balanceOne of the most basic mechanisms for controlling tubular reabsorption is the intrinsic ability of the tubules to increase their reabsorption rate in response to increased tubular inflow. This phenomenon is referred to asglomerular-tubular balance.渗透性利尿osmotic diuresisAn increase in urine flow due to excretion of an osmotic active solute.肾糖阈renal glucose thresholdWhen the plasma glucose concentration increases up to a value about 180 to 200 mg per deciliter, glucose can first be detected in the urine, this value is called the renal glucose threshold.肾素reninAn enzyme of renal origin that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.水利尿water diuresisThe volume of urine increases when water intake exceeds body needs, it is resulted from suppression of ADH secretion适应adaptationWhen a maintained stimulus of constant strength is applied to a receptor, the frequency of the action potential in its sensory nerve deadens over time. This phenomenon is known as adaptation.适宜刺激adequate stimulusThe stimulus that a receptor is specialized to receive and transduce. In the case of the eye, the adequate stimulus would be visible light, in the ear it would be sound waves, and so on.暗适应dark adaptationOn going from a light environment into a darker one, there is a gradual increase in sensitivity allowing dimmer lights to be seen, a mechanism known as dark adaptation.简化眼reduced eyeIf all the refractive surfaces of the eye are algebraically added together and then considered to be one single lens, the optics of the normal eye may be simplified and represented schematically as a "reduced eye".视敏度visual acuityVisual acuity is defined as the ratio of the distance of the individual from the chart to the distance at which the details of the correctly read line subtend 1'of arc.视野visual fieldThe field of vision is the area seen by an eye at a given instant. The area seen to nasal side is called the nasal field of vision, and the area seen to lateral side is called the temporal field of vision.胆碱能神经纤维cholinergic fiberA kind of neuron that liberates acetylcholine at its synaptic knobs with activity.条件反射conditioned reflexA conditioned reflex is a reflex response to a stimulus that previously elicited little or no response, acquired by repeatedly pairing to stimulate with another stimulus that normally does produce the response.去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidityWhen the brain stem is sectioned below the midlevel of the mesencephalon, the rigidity occurs in the antigravity muscles. This phenomenon is called decerebrate rigidity.脑电图electroencephalogramThe minute electrical currents spontaneously generated by neuronal activity which recorded from the scalp or directly from the cortical surface.诱发电位evoked potentialThe various discrete electrical changes in the encephalon or the spinal cord which can be produced by stimulation of sense organs or of some point along the ascending pathways to it.兴奋性突触后电位. excitatory postsynaptic potentialThe excitatory postsynaptic potential is the local postsynaptic depolarization due to release of excitatory transmitter from presynaptic terminals. EPSP brings the membrane closer to threshold and makes it more likely that an action potential will be triggered.抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynaptic potentialA hyperpolarizing potential at a synapse that reduced the excitability of the postsynaptic cell.运动单位motor unitA motor axon, together with all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates.非特异性传导系统nonspecific projection systemDiffuse projections from the nonspecific thalamic nuclei connecting the ascending reticular activating system to widespread areas of cortex have a role in modifying the states of consciousness which is called nonspecific projection system.突触后抑制postsynaptic inhibitionThe presynaptic neuron liberates an inhibitory transmitter increasing the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to potassium ions and /or chloride ions thereby increasing the negativity of the postsynaptic membrane potential. In this hyperpolarized state it is difficult to stimulate.突触前抑制presynaptic inhibitionA process which reduces the amount of synaptic transmitter liberated by action potentials arriving at excitatory synaptic knobs. The neuron producing presynaptic inhibition ends on an excitatory synaptic knob.牵涉痛referred painDamage to an internal organ is commonly associated with pain or tenderness not in the organ but in some skin region sharing the same segmental innervation. This phenomenon is called referred pain.第二信使second messengerA small, diffusible molecule produced when a hormone combines with a cell membrane receptor and which carries the message to the inside of the cell.特异性传导系统specific projection systemThe specific sensory projection system uses relatively direct pathways through specific thalamic nuclei to restricted cortical regions.脊休克spinal shockComplete transection of the spinal cord results in the immediate paralysis and loss of sensation in all body regions innervated by spinal cord segments below the lesion, this phenomenon is called spinal shock.牵张反射stretch reflexWhen a skeletal muscle with an intact nerve supply is stretched, the muscle being stretched contracts. This is a monosynaptic reflex called the stretch reflex.非条件反射unconditioned reflexA fixed reflex whose mechanism may be supposed to be inherited as itsfunctioning does not depend on previous experience.激素hormoneA hormone can be defined as a chemical substance (a compound), which is synthesized and secreted by a specific cell type. It is generally transported in the circulation and at very low concentrations elicits a specific response in target tissues affecting the activities of cells in another portion of the body.胰岛素insulinA hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets; causes a reduction in plasma glucose concentrations. Insulin lowers blood glucose mainly by facilitating glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue and by inhibiting hepatic glucose output.甲状腺激素thyroid hormoneThe thyroid hormone is referred to thyroxine and triiodothyronine which increase the rate of chemical reactions in almost all cells of the body, thus increasing the general level of body metabolism.。

生理学重要名词解释

生理学重要名词解释生理学重要名词解释医教园考研1、潮气量(tidal volume)：平静呼吸时，每次吸入或呼出的气量。

2、余气量(residual volume)：在尽量呼气后，肺内仍保留的气量。

3、功能余量(functional residual capacity)=余气量补呼气量。

4、肺总容量(total lung capacity)=潮气量补吸气量(expiratory reserve volume，ERV) 补呼气量(inspiratory reser volume) 余气量。

5、肺活量(vital capacity)：最大吸气后，从肺内所能呼出的最大气量。

6、时间肺活量：是评价肺通气功能的较好指标，正常人头3秒分别为83%、96%、99%的肺活量。

时间肺活量比肺活量更能反映肺通气状况，时间肺活量反映的为肺通气的动态功能，测定时要求以最快的速度呼出气体。

7、每分肺通气量(minute ventilation volume)=潮气量×呼吸频率。

8、每分钟肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)=(潮气量-无效腔气量)×呼吸频率。

9、生理无效腔(physiological dead space)=肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space) 解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) P126-12810、每搏输出量(stroke volume)及射血分数(ejection fraction)：一侧心室每次收缩所输出的血量，称为每搏输出量，人体安静状态下约为60~80ml.射血分数=每搏输出量/心室舒张末期容积人体安静时的射血分数约为55%~65%.射血分数与心肌的收缩能力有关，心肌收缩能力越强，则每搏输出量越多，射血分数也越大。

11、每分输出量(minute volume/cardiac output)与心指数(cardiac index)：每分输出量=每搏输出量×心率，即每分钟由一侧心室输出的血量，约为5~6L.心输出量不与体重而是与体表面积成正比。

温医专升本生理学名词解释

名词解释1.电压门控通道：指的是通道的开放与关闭与通道所在部位的膜两侧的跨膜电位改变有关，当膜电位改变时，可引起通道蛋白的构型发生改变，而使通道开放或关闭。

2.跨膜信号转导：即生物活性物质通过受体或离子通道的作用而激活或抑制细胞功能的过程，即信号从细胞外转入细胞内的过程。

3.去极化：即生物活性物质通过受体或离子通道的作用而激活或抑制细胞功能的过程，即信号从细胞外转入细胞内的过程。

4.内向电流：指细胞膜激活时发生的跨膜正离子内向流动或负离子外向流动。

5.电化学驱动力：浓度差和电位差是离子跨膜扩散的驱动力，它们的代数和称电化学驱动力。

6.K+平衡电位：指细胞处于静息状态时，膜两侧存在的外正内负的电位差。

是K+外流引起的，是K+的平衡电位。

7.阈电位：足够的强度使膜去极化到膜电位的一个临界值。

8.量子释放：每个突触小泡中储存的神经递质量通常是相当恒定的，释放时是通过出胞作用，以囊泡为单位倾囊释放，称为量子释放。

9. 射血分数：搏出量占心室舒张末期容积的百分比，称为射血分数。

10. 心指数:：心输出量与体表面积的比值，以每平方米体表面积计算的心输出量称心指数。

11. 等长调节：通过改变心肌收缩力调节心脏泵血，心肌细胞初长度不变。

12. 异长调节：通过改变心肌初细胞长度调节心脏泵血，心肌细胞初长度改变。

13. 心肌收缩能力：心肌不依赖前后负荷的情况下，能改变其力学活动的一种内在特性称为心肌的收缩能力。

14. 心室功能曲线：以心室舒张末期容积或充盈压为横坐标，博出量（或博出功）为纵坐标，将两者关系绘成的曲线称为心室功能曲线。

15. 钙触发钙释放：在心肌，肌膜的去极化则引起L型钙通道激活而出现少量Ca+内流，进入胞质的Ca+与JSR膜中的钙释放通道开放，即钙触发钙释放。

16.慢反应细胞：心脏去极化慢，传导速度慢的细胞，如窦房结、房室交界区细胞属于慢反应细胞。

17. 平均动脉压：一个心动周期中各瞬间动脉压的平均值。

常用生理学中英文名词对照

如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！常用生理学中英文名词对照按照中文第一个字母顺序查找：A-G H－N O－T U－ZAAPUD细胞amine precursor uptakedecarboxylation cell氨基甲酰血红蛋白carbaminohemoglobin暗视觉scotopic vision暗适应dark adaptationα僵直αrigidityB靶细胞target cell被动转运passive transport本体感受性反射proprioceptive reflex比奥呼吸Biot breathing比顺应性specific compliance编码（作用）coding变传导作用dromotropic action变力作用inotropic action变时作用chronotropic action波尔效应Bohr effect补呼气量expiratory reserve volume补吸气量inspiratory reserve volume不感蒸发insensible perspiration不完全强直收缩incomplete tetanusC残气量residual volume层流laminar flow长反馈long-loop feedback长时程记忆long-term memory长时程压抑long-term depression长时程增强long-term potentiation肠-胃反射enterogastric reflex肠-胰岛轴entero-insular axis超常期supranormal peiod超短反馈ultra-short-loop feedback超极化hyperpolarization超射overshoot超速驱动压抑overdrive suppression如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！潮气量tidal volume陈-施呼吸Cheyne-Stokes breathing重调定resetting重吸收reabsorption出胞exocytosis出血时间bleeding time初长度initial length传导conduction传导散热thermal conduction传导性conductivity传入侧支抑制afferent collateral inhibition垂体门脉系统hypophysial portal system刺激stimulation粗肌丝thick filament促垂体区hypophysiotropic area促红细胞生成素erythropoietin促甲状腺激素thyroid stimulatinghormone促甲状腺激素释放激素thyrotropin-releasinghormone促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropichormone促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素corticotropin-releasing hormone促胃动素motilin促胃液素gastrin促胰液素secretinD呆小症cretinism代偿性间歇compensatory pause戴尔原则Dale principle单纯扩散simple diffusion单收缩twitch单通道电流single channel current单突触反射monosynaptic reflex胆碱能受体cholinergic receptor胆碱能纤维cholinergic fiber胆盐bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环enterohepatic circulationof bile salt等长调节homometric regulation等长收缩isometric contraction等容收缩期isovolumic systole如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！等容舒张期isovolumic diastole等渗溶液iso-osmotic solution等张溶液isotonic solution等张收缩isotonic contraction低常期subnormal period递质transmitter递质共存neurotransmitter co-existence递质门控通道transmitter-gated ion channel第一信使first messenger第一信号系统first signal system第二信使second messenger第二信号系统second signal system电化学驱动力electrochemical driving force电紧张传播electrotonic propagation电紧张电位electrotonic propagation电突触electrical synapse电压门控通道voltage-gated ion channel电压钳voltage clamp定比重吸收constant fraction reabsorption定向突触directed synapse顶体反应acrosomal reaction动-静脉短路arteriovenous shunt动脉脉搏arterial pulse动脉血压arterial blood pressure动作电位action potential窦性节律sinus rhythm短时程记忆short-term memory短反馈short-loop feedback对侧伸肌反射crossed extensor reflex对流散热thermal convectionE儿茶酚胺catecholamine,CA耳蜗内电位endochochlear potential耳蜗微音器电位cochlear microphonicpotential二氧化碳解离曲线carbon dioxidedissociation curveF发汗sweating, perspiration发生器电位generator potential反馈feedback反馈控制系统feedback control system如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！反射reflex反射弧reflex arc反向转运antiport反向转运体antiporter房-室延搁atrioventricular delay非蛋白呼吸商non-protein respiratoryquotient, NPRQ非联合型学习nonassociative learning非特异投射系统non-specific projectionsystem非条件反射unconditioned reflex非突触性化学传递non-synaptic chemicaltransmission非正视眼ametropia肺表面活性物质pulmonary surfactant肺活量vital capacity肺扩散容量diffusing capacity of lung肺扩张反射pulmonary inflation reflex肺内压intrapulmonary pressure肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space肺牵张反射pulmonary stretch reflex肺容积pulmonary volume肺容量pulmonary capacity肺通气pulmonary ventilation肺通气量pulmonary ventilation肺萎陷反射pulmonary deflation reflex肺总量total lung capacity分节运动segmentation contraction分泌secretion锋电位spike potential缝隙连接gap junction辐辏反射convergence reflex辐散式联系divergent connection辐射散热thermal radiation负反馈negative feedback负后电位negative after-potential复极化repolarizationFrank-Starling定律Frank-Starling lawGγ僵直γrigidity钙触发钙释放calcium-induced calciumrelease, CICR如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！钙泵calcium pump钙调蛋白calmodulin, CaM钙释放通道calcium release channel钙通道calcium channelG蛋白耦联受体G-protein coupled receptor感觉阈值sensory threshold感受器receptor感受器编码sensory coding感受器适应sensory adaptation感受器电位receptor potential工作（心肌）细胞working (cardiac) cell功能残气量functional residual capacity骨传导bone conduction骨骼肌牵张反射muscle stretch reflex冠状循环coronary circulation管球反馈tubuloglomerular feedback,TGFH何尔登效应Haldane effect黑-伯反射Hering-Breuer reflex横管transverse tubule横桥cross-bridge横桥周期cross-bridge cycling红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentationrate红细胞叠连rouleaux formation红细胞渗透脆性osmotic fragility红细胞悬浮稳定性erythrocyte suspensionstability宏膜电流macroscopical current后电位afterpotential后发放after discharge后负荷afterload呼气expiration呼吸respiration呼吸功work of breathing呼吸节律respiratory rhythm呼吸困难dyspnea呼吸商respiratory quotient呼吸调整中枢pneumotaxic center呼吸运动respiratory movement呼吸中枢respiratory center化学感受器chemoreceptor如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！化学感受性反射chemoreceptor reflex化学门控通道chemically-gated ion channel化学性突触chemical synapse缓冲神经buffer nerves回返性抑制recurrent inhibition环式联系recurrent connection混合微胶粒mixed micelles黄体corpus luteumJ机械感受器mechanoreceptor机械门控通道mechanically-gated channel肌动蛋白actin肌钙蛋白troponin肌管系统sarcotubular system肌质网sarcoplasmic reticulum, SR肌节sarcomere肌紧张muscle tonus肌凝蛋白myosin肌肉收缩能力contractility肌丝滑行理论myofilament sliding theory肌源性自身调节myogenic theory ofautoregulation基本电节律basic electrical rhythm基础代谢basal metabolism基础代谢率basal metabolic rate, BMR极化polarization激素hormone脊休克spinal shock机械性消化mechanical digestion继发性主动转运secondary active transport简化眼reduced eye减慢充盈期period of slow filling减慢射血期period of slow ejection腱反射tendon reflex腱器官tendon organ交叉配血试验cross-match test交感-肾上腺髓质系统sympatho-adrenomedullary system交感缩血管紧张sympathetic vasomotor tone交互性突触reciprocal synapses胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure阶梯现象staircase phenomenon, treppe解剖无效腔anatomical dead space如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！近点near point近视myopia经通道易化扩散facilitated diffusion viachannel经载体易化扩散facilitated diffusion viacarrier晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure静脉血压venous pressure静息电位resting potential静息心指数resting cardiac index精子获能capacitation ofspermatozoa局部电流local current局部回路神经元local circuit neurons局部神经元回路local neuronal circuit局部反应local response局部兴奋local excitation聚合式联系convergent connection绝对不应期absolute refractory period集团运动mass movementsK抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone, ADH抗凝anticoagulation可感蒸发sensible evaporation可兴奋细胞excitable cell空间总和spatial summation跨壁压transmural pressure跨膜电位transmembrane potential跨膜信号转导transmembrane signaltransduction快反应细胞fast response cell快速射血期period of rapid ejection快速充盈期period of rapid filling快速眼球运动睡眠rapid eye movement sleep, REM sleep快波睡眠fast wave sleep,FWSL老视presbyopia冷敏神经元cold-sensitive neuron立体视觉stereopsis离子泵ion pump离子通道ion channel如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！联合型学习associative learning链锁式联系chain connection量子释放quantal release临界融合频率critical fusion frequency淋巴液生成formation of lymph滤过filtration滤过分数filtration fraction, FF滤过膜filtration membrane滤过平衡filtration equilibrium滤过系数filtration coefficient氯转移chloride shiftM脉搏压pulse pressure慢波slow wave慢波睡眠slow wave sleep, SWS慢反应细胞slow response cell慢痛slow pain每搏功stroke work每搏输出量stroke volume每分功minute work每分输出量minute volume每分通气量minute ventilation volume迷走紧张vagal tone迷走-迷走反射vagovagal reflex迷走神经vagus never敏感化sensitization明视觉photopic vision明适应light adaptation膜电导membrane conductance膜电容membrane capacitance膜电位membrane potential膜电阻membrane resistance膜片钳patch clampN钠泵sodium pump钠-葡萄糖同向转运体sodium-glucosesymporter脑-肠肽brain-gut peptides脑电图electroencephalogram, EEG脑缺血反应brain ischemic response内分泌系统endocrine system内环境internal environment如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！内淋巴电位endolymphatic potential内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived relaxingfactor, EDRF内皮缩血管因子endothelium-derivedvasoconstrictor factor, EDCF内源性凝血途径intrinsic pathway内向电流inward current内向整流inward retification内因子intrinsic factor能量代谢energy metabolism逆流倍增countercurrent multiplication逆流交换countercurrent exchange逆向转运antiport粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障mucus-bicarbonatebarrier粘液性水肿myxedema凝集原agglutinogen凝集素agglutinin凝血因子blood clotting factor,coagulation factorO呕吐vomitingP排泄excretion旁分泌paracrine旁分泌调节paracrine regulation配体门控通道ligand-gated ion channel皮层电图electrocorticogram, EcoG皮层诱发电位evoked cortical potential皮肤温度skin temperature平静呼吸eupnea平均动脉压mean arterial pressure平均体温mean body temperaturePQ间期PQ intervalQ期前收缩premature systole期前兴奋premature excitation起搏点pacemaker气传导air conduction气道阻力airway resistance气胸pneumothorax如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！牵涉痛referred pain牵张反射stretch reflex前负荷preload前馈feed-forward潜在起搏点latent pacemaker强直后增强posttetanic potentiation强直收缩tetanus抢先占领capture清除率clearance球管平衡glomerulotubular balance,GTB屈肌反射flexor reflex去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidity去极化depolarization去皮层僵直decorticate rigidity趋化性chemotaxis.趋化因子chemokine“全或无”现象“all or none ”phenomenonQT间期QT intervalR热敏神经元warm-sensitive neuron人工呼吸artificial respiration日周期节律circadian rhythm容量血管capacitance vessel容受性舒张receptive relaxation蠕动peristalsis蠕动冲peristaltic rush入胞endocytosisS三联管triad散光astigmatism射血分数ejection fraction射血期ejection period射乳反射milk ejection reflex深吸气量inspiratory capacity神经冲动nerve impulse神经递质neurotransmitter神经分泌neurosecretion, neurocrine神经激素neurohormone神经-肌接头neuromuscular junction神经内分泌neuroendocrine神经调节neural regulation神经调质neuromodulator神经肽neuropeptide神经元neuron肾上腺素能受体adrenergic receptor肾上腺素能纤维adrenergic fiber肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensinsystem肾糖阈renal threshold for glucose肾小球滤过率glomerular filtratioin rate, GFR肾小管和集合管重吸收reabsorption of renal tubule and collecting duct 肾小管和集合管分泌secretion of renal tubule and collecting duct渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis渗透压osmotic pressure生理盲点blind spot生理无效腔physiological dead space生理学physiology生物节律biorhythm生长激素介质somatomedin, SM时间肺活量timed vital capacity时间总和temporal summation食物的热价thermal equivalent of food食物的特殊动力作用specific dynamic actionof food视觉vision视力visual acuity视敏度visual acuity视野visual field视紫红质rhodopsin适宜刺激adequate stimulus适应adaptation收缩末期容积end-systolic volume收缩能力contractility收缩压systolic pressure受精fertilization舒张末期容积end-diastolic volume舒张末期压力end-diastolic pressure舒张期diastole舒张压diastolic pressure水利尿water diuresis水通道water channel顺应性complianceST段ST segment双眼视觉binocular visionT弹性贮器血管Windkessel vessel特异投射系统specific projection system体温body temperature体温调节thermoregulation体液调节humoral regulation条件反射conditioned reflex调定点set point跳跃式传导salutatory conduction听阈hearing threshold通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio同向转运symport瞳孔调节反射pupillary accommodationreflex瞳孔对光反射pupillary light reflex瞳孔近反射near reflex of pupil突触synapse突触小体synaptic knob突触传递synaptic transmission突触后电位postsynaptic potential, PSP突触后抑制postsynaptic inhibition突触后易化postsynaptic facilitation突触前抑制presynaptic inhibition突触前易化presynaptic facilitation突触延搁synaptic delay吞噬phagocytosis吞饮pinocytosisW外源性凝血途径extrinsic pathway外向电流outward current外周化学感受器peripheral chemoreceptor外周静脉压peripheral venous pressure外周阻力peripheral resistance完全性强直收缩complete tetanus网状结构上行激动系统ascending reticular activating system, ARAS 微循环microcirculation微音器电位microphonic potential微终板电位miniature endplate potential,MEPP胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormones胃排空gastric emptying如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！胃蠕动gastric peristalsis稳态homeostasisX吸气inspiration吸收absorption细胞内液intracellular fluid细胞外液extracellular fluid下丘脑调节肽hypothalamic regulatorypeptide, HRP纤维蛋白溶解fibrinolysis相对不应期relative refractory period消化digestion心电图electrocardiogram, ECG心动周期cardiac cycle心房钠尿肽atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP心肺感受性反射cardiopulmonary receptorreflex心肌绝对不应期absolute refractory period心肌有效不应期effective refractory period心肌相对不应期relative refractory period心肌超长期supranormal period心肌收缩能力myocardial contractility心力贮备cardiac reserve心率heart rate心室功能曲线ventricular function curve心室顺应性compliance心输出量cardiac output心血管交感紧张cardiovascular sympathetictone心音heart sound心指数cardiac index心脏的效率cardiac efficiency兴奋excitation兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contractioncoupling兴奋性excitability兴奋性突触后电位excitatory postsynapticpotential, EPSP行波traveling wave胸膜腔内压intrapleural pressure胸式呼吸thoracic breathing悬浮稳定性suspension stability如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！血浆胶体渗透压plasma colloid osmoticpressure血浆晶体渗透压plasma crystal osmoticpressure血浆清除率plasma clearance血量blood volume血流动力学hemodynamics血流量blood flow血流速度velocity of blood flow血流阻力resistance to blood flow血-脑脊液屏障blood-cerebrospinal fluidbarrier血-脑屏障blood-brain barrier血清serum血细胞比容hematocrit血小板聚集platelet aggregation血小板粘附platelet adhesion血小板释放platelet release血型blood group血压blood pressure血压的长期调节long-term regulation ofblood pressure血压的短期调节short-term regulation ofblood pressure血液凝固blood coagulation血液循环blood circulation血液粘滞度blood viscosity循环系统平均充盈压mean circulatory fillingpressureY压力感受性反射baroreceptor reflex压力感受器baroreceptor氧饱和度oxygen saturation氧含量oxygen content氧解离曲线oxygen dissociation curve氧热价thermal equivalent ofoxygen氧容量oxygen capacity夜盲症nyctalopia颜色视觉color vision液态镶嵌模型fluid mosaic model一侧优势laterality of cerebraldominance如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！移行性复合运动migrating motility complex,MMC异长调节heterometric regulation异位起搏点ectopic pacemaker遗忘loss of memory异相睡眠paradoxical sleep, PS抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynapticpotential, IPSP易化facilitation易化扩散facilitated diffusion应激stress应激反应stress response应急反应emergency reaction营养性作用trophic action用力肺活量forced vital capacity用力呼气量forced expiratory volume用力呼吸forced breathing优势半球dominant hemisphere有效不应期effective refractory period有效滤过压effective filtration pressure诱发电位evoked potential阈刺激threshold stimulus阈下刺激subthreshold stimulus阈电位threshold potential阈值threshold原发性主动转运primary active transport远点far point of vision远视hyperopia远距分泌telecrine允许作用permissive action运动单位motor unitZ载体carrier震颤麻痹paralysis agitans蒸发散热evaporation整合integration正常起搏点normal pacemaker正反馈positive feedback正后电位positive after-potential直立性低血压orthostatic hypotension止血hemostasis中枢化学感受器central chemoreceptor中枢延搁central delay如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！中枢抑制central inhibition中枢易化central facilitation中心静脉压central venous pressure终板电位endplate membrane轴浆运输axoplasmic transport轴突axon轴突反射axon reflex主动转运active transport自动节律性autorhythmicity自动去极化spontaneous depolarization自发脑电活动spontaneous electric activityof the brain自分泌autocrine自律细胞rhythmic cell自身调节autoregulation总和summation总外周阻力total peripheral resistance阻力血管resistance vessel组织液interstitial fluid组织液生成formation of interstitial fluid最大复极电位maximal repolarizationpotential最大随意通气量maximal voluntaryventilation最后公路final common path最适初长度optimal initial length最适前负荷optimal preload。