轻型悬架汽车设计论文

轻型悬架汽车设计论文

轻型汽车悬架设计

THE DESIGN OF A LIGHT TRUCK`S SUSPENSION

2009 年6月

西南交通大学本科毕业设计(论文) 第?页

摘要

首先根据设计给定的四个参数对整车进行总体设计，包括整车的尺寸参数、质量参数和性

能参数，在选择这些参数的时候可以通过国家标准以及相关的经验参数得到，在选择之后进

行了相关的验证，保证各参数能达到各项性能的基本要求。在总体设计完成之后，对前后悬

架进行方案的选择，本设计前悬架采用麦弗逊独立悬架，后悬架采用纵置钢板弹簧。然后对

悬架的性能参数进行选择，包括前后悬架的偏频、相对阻尼系数、非簧载质量以及影响操稳

性的侧倾中心高度和侧倾刚度，还有影响纵向稳定性的纵倾中心高度等。在选择完基本参数

后，对悬架的弹性元件(前悬架为螺旋弹簧。后悬架为钢板弹簧)进行设计计算，包括刚度

和强度等的校核，使设计的弹簧能满足设计的偏频要求。之后设计前独立悬架的导向机构，

设计包括侧倾中心、纵倾中心以及下控制臂的位置等。为前、后悬架匹配减振器，计算减振

器的尺寸，并且验算减振器是否满足强度要求。由于麦弗逊悬架的侧倾刚度较小，为了满足

汽车不足转向性能要求，设计时，为前悬架匹配了一个横向稳定杆，提高它的侧倾刚度，满

足不足转向性能要求。

由于悬架结构的运动学特性关系到汽车操纵稳定性、转向轻便性、行驶舒适性、轮胎寿命

以及汽车布置设计中的运动干涉等诸多方面，是汽车设计过程中十分重要的问题，欲设计合

乎需要的悬架结构,必须准确分析悬架结构的运动特性。所以为了研究悬架结

构的运动学特

性，

关键词: 麦弗逊悬架动态特性

西南交通大学本科毕业设计(论文) 第V页

Abstract

This article is mainly about to study the method of designing a

light truck’s front and back

suspension, also the article analyze the relation between suspension movement and front wheel alignment parameters.

First, it designs the scheme of whole car based on the four parameters whic h was already been given, this including the whole car’s size parameters, weight parameters, and property parameters. we may

choose those parameters refer to national standards or some relative experience parameters. we may also do some work to prove the chosen was correct after those parameters being chosen, as to make every parameters meet the basic demand of every property. when the whole car schemes were already designed, it then comes to choose the scheme of the front and back suspensions, and in this design, we use McPherson type front suspension, Back suspension’s

steel spings.and then, we choose the suspension’s property paremeters,including front and back

suspension’s frequency, relative viscosity,unsprung mass and roll center height, roll angular rigidity which effect the car’s controllability and stability,besides,we also choose the trim center height which effect the car’s longitudinal controllability. After these basic parameters were chosen,

we comes on to calculate the spring of the suspension,(spiral spring in front suspension, leaf spring in back suspension),and the calculation including checking both the springs` stiffness and strength, as to make the spring designed to meet the demand of frequency. And next comes to design the control bars of the front independent suspension, it contains to design the roll center height an trim center height and the locations of the main controlbar.Then,we design shock absorbers to match with the front and the back suspension, including calculate the size of the absorbers and also check the absorbers to see if it meets the demand of