谓语与非谓语用法区别与练习

谓语与非谓语使用谓语的情况：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。

时态考虑要瞻前顾后。

在确定需要使用谓语动词时候，还需要注意谓语动词的时态，语态，主谓一致以及语气。

使用非谓语的情况：句子已有谓语，又不做并列谓语，该动词仍然需要表示动作，此时应该使用动词的非谓语形式。

确定需要使用非谓语时首先要确定该非谓语在句子做何种成分，非谓语做主语时候只能不定式或者ving形式，非谓语做定语时：常用在名词或者代词后，其中不定式做定语有将来的意味，过去分词作定语表示该非谓语动词与前面被修饰的名词或者代词为动宾关系，并且此非谓语动词已经完成了。

现在分词作定语表示该分词与前面被修饰的名词或者代词为主动关系，现在分词作定语表示主动和进行。

非谓语做宾语时，需要实记哪些动词后只能接不定式做宾语，哪些动词后只能接ving做宾语，哪些动词后2者都可接，但是意义不一样。

非谓语做状语时，不定式表示目的，可放在句子前面，也可放在句子后面，不需要与句子隔开。

过去分词作状语表示该分词与句子主语为动宾关系，现在分词作状语时。

表示该分词与句子主语为主动关系1.The first card ____________(design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor. designed2.Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking. Also the industry_____is producing_________(produce) cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days3.Nobody knows what ________would have happened_____________(happen) if she had refused to pay.4.His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children ___were playing_______(play) withjoyous abandon.5.……The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most ofeverything that __comes_____(come) along their way.6.…….The country life he was used to ________has changed____ （change ）greatly since the openingpolicy.7.While most young people are happy overall with the way their lives_____are going__(go),there are stillracial differences.8.When I think back to many positive influence on my childhood, I recognize that some of the greatest gifts I__have received__ (receive) are the lessons I collected from the older people in my life.9.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it __helps_ (help) if drivers learn tocorrectly join in traffic jam.10.But she knew most of them ____had drawn____ (draw) pictures of turkeys or tables with food11.For some, practical skills are the essence of education, and therefore, courses on computer science,marketing and finance__is preferred____(prefer 12.It is impossible that he will never again in his life__be given__(give) so much without doing something inreturn13.The international agreement, intended to encourage children not to smoke and______help_____ (help)people kick the habit, ____were signed______ (sign) on February 27 last summer.14.14.He walked in as if he ___had bought_ (buy) the school. And he word quickly got around that he wasfrom New York16.___Taken_____(take) in time and in proper amount, the pill is quite effective.15.We can cut down energy ____consumed_____ (consume) in the automobile industry by means ofimproving the technology.16.I’ll have my laptop____repaired_______ (repair) tomorrow at the authorized service centre.17.This topic is so complicated that I can’t make you _________understand__________(understand) me.18.I have to simplify this complicated problem to make myself ______understood___________(understand)19.She devoted herself to her work. What’s more, she_____improved________(improve)herselfby_____attending______(attend) courses in an open university. Finally, her efforts_____paidoff_______(pay off) and she got a better paying job.20.The issue _____being discussed_______(discuss) now at the meeting is of great importance.21.The issue ______discussed______(discuss) at the meeting last week is of great importance.22.The office lady had her purse_____stolen_____(steal) when __taking_____(take) the subway back to herapartment.23.______Faced___(face) with the traffic jams and serious pollution, we recently have a heated discussion inour class.24.Missing the bus means_____waiting_______(wait) for another hour.25.It is the greatest happiness in this world __to love_______(love )and to be____loved_____(love)26.___Judging__________(judge) from his_____excited________(excite) face, he enjoyed himself at theparty.27.All of us were _____puzzled_____(puzzle) by the ____puzzling_______ (puzzle)question______raised_____(raise) by a six-year-old boy.28.Wise men say ___cultivating_______(cultivate) friendship is just like ____planting______(plant) trees.29.After a rest, we went on ___doing____(do) the same problems.30.I smell something_______burning___(burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?二、语篇填空用所给动词的适当形式填空。

Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_______（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]________（base）in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________（search）for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if [4]________（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease [5]________（trouble）minds. In most cases he found the effects onlytemporary.Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method [6]________ (involve) sitting with his patients and [7]________（listen）to them talk. He had them [8]________（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to [9]___________（express）. There could be no[10]________（hold）back because of fear or guilt.1.To make,2 based,3for,4.putting,5troubled.6.what.7.listening.8.talking,9.be expressed.10.because非谓语非谓语动词做定语1.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired2.I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised3.After she completes the project, she’ll have ________.A. nothing to worry aboutB. nothing to worryC. nothing to be worried aboutD. nothing worrying about4.His first book ______ next month is based on a true story.A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published5.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved6. A great number of students ______ said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning7.They built a house _____.A. of the things to put inB. of the things to be put inC. for the things to put inD. for the things to be put in8.That is the only way we can imagine __ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce9.There is a great deal of evidence ______that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating10.We are invited to a party ______in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding11.The trees ________ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down12.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed13.With the world changing fast, we have something new ______with all by ourselves every day.A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing14.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen15.The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education oftheir children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced16.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home fromoffice.A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say17.The players ____ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected18.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep19.Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon. A．saidB．says C．saying D．to say20.The island, ____ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined21.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved22.Look over there—there’s a very l ong, winding path ______ up to the house.A. leadingB. leadsC. ledD. to lead23.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debateamong citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared24.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed25.Tsinghuat(sɪŋh'jʊə] University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founded26.We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of ourcompany.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made27.After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____.A. providingB. providedC. having providedD. provide28.Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use29.The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to be started30.John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered31.“It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers.A. to be reservedB. having reservedC. reservingD. reserved32. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __ ?A. takingB. takeC. taken D .to take33.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing34. So far nobody has claimed the money ____ in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered35. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing36. Do you know the name of the play ______ in the hall now?A. to be put onB. being put onC. put onD. putting on非谓语动词做宾语1.I regret ______ you that you will not be in the same class as your friends.A. to tellB. tellingC. having toldD. to have told2.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.---Well, now I regret __________ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. have doneD. having done3.---Robert is indeed a wise man. ---Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!A. to takeB. takingC. not to takeD. not taking4.I regret ______ you that you will not be in the same class as your friends.A. to tellB. tellingC. having toldD. to have told5.I still remember ______ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A to takeB to be takenC takingD being taken6.After he became conscious, he remembered ______ and _______ on the head with a rod.A. to attack; hitB.to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit7.Don’t forget ______ the novel when you come here next time.A. takingB. to tak eC. to be takingD. to have taken8.There is nothing more I can try _____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade9.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _____ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved backhome. A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived10.If you think that treating a woman well means always ____ her permission for things, think again.A. getsB. gotC. to gotD. getting11.---Ouch! You hurt me ! ---I’m sorry. But I_______ you. I _______ to drive a rat out.A. didn’t mean to hurt; triedB. don’t mean hurting; am tryingC. haven’t meant hurting; triedD. didn’t mean to hurt; was trying12.Don’t take the medicine. It can’t help _______ rid of your cold.A. gotB. to getC. gettingD. to getting13.Because of astonishment and joy, the old lady couldn’t help _______ tears.A. bursting intoB. to burst intoC. bursting outD. to burst out14.---I can’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.---Why, your eyes need ______. Perhaps you need ______ glasses.A. examining; wearingB. to examine; wearingC. to be examined; to wearD. examined; wearing15.The machine requires _______, so the workers are required _______ ready.A. repair; to getB. repairing; to getC. repairing; gettingD. to be repaired; getting16.This page needs ______ again.A. being checkedB. checkedC. to checkD. to be checked17.---Can I smoke here? ---Sorry. We don’t allow _______ here.A. people smokingB. people smokeC. to smokeD. smoking18.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried19.You can’t imagine ______the Atlantic Ocean in seven days.A. Peter to crossB. Peter crossingC. Peter to crossingD. Peter across20.It is difficult to imagine his _________the decision without any consideration.A. accept B .accepting C .to accept D .accepted21.I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have time D, to having time22.All the staff in our company are considering _____ to the city centre for the fashion show. A. to goB. goingC. to have goneD. having gone23.I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ____ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted24.Which do you enjoy _____ your weekends, boating or fishing?A. spendingB. to spendC. having spentD. to have spent25.Do you mind ______ alone at home?A. Jane leavingB. Jane having leftC. Jane’s being leftD. Jane to be left26.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _______.A. to discoverB. to be discoveredC. discoveredD. being discovered27.He told us whether _____ a picnic was still under discussion.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had28.Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _______.A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused29.I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works.A. working; stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working; to stopD. to work; to stop30.That’s the best way you thought of _________ into the dangerous area.A. stopping people gettingB. to stop people gettingC. to keep people gettingD. preventing people from getting31.She couldn’t well refuse to sing a song after______ three times.A. askedB. to be askedC. being askedD. asking32.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit33.The time he has devoted in the past ten years ____ the disabled is now considered _____ of great value.A. to helping; to beB. to help; beingC. help; to beD. to helping; being34.I remembered ________ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (2012安徽卷)24.A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked35.One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. (2012北京卷)23.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting36.We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ________ to achieve the final success.(2012湖南卷) 21.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do37.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from______in the South China Sea. (2012福建卷)28.A. attackingB. having attackedC. being attackedD. having been attacked 38.Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. (2012辽宁卷) A, taking apart B. giving away C. making up D. turning off39.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _____ an even greater challenge. (2012陕西卷)A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet40.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. (2012上海卷)A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of41.You can't imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm.A. walkedB. walkC. to walkD. walking42.Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad. Her parents are old. （2011四川卷）2.A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD. to studyIII. 非谓语动词做宾补1.We’re waiting ____.A. him to comeB. for him to comeC. for him comingD. of him to come2.Charles Babbages is generally considered _____the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented3.Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized4.---Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?--- I will spend a whole week _____ in your room to wait for their coming.A. lockingB. to lockC. lockedD. being locked5.They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.A. being runB. runC. to runD. running6.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _____ with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused7.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. checked8.Listen! Do you hear someone __________ for help?A. callingB. callC. to callD. called9.To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English_____ as much as we can.A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak10.She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. A．displayB．to display C．displaying D．displayed11.Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.A. to stayB. stayingC. stayedD. stay12.On his return from his college, he found the house ________.A. de A. desertingB. desertedC. desertD. to be deserted13.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. （2011重庆卷）33.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind14.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowedinto the sports club. (2012上海卷)27.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone15.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car________.(2012四川卷)12.A. washedB. washC. washingD. to wash16.I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2012四川卷) 8. A. towind B. wind C. winding D. wound17.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. （2011浙江卷）14.A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost 18.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. （2011天津卷）7. A. tocarry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carriedseem, appear, happen + 非谓语动词1. (2011上海卷) 40. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost2.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told3.That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.A. not to have eatenB. not to eatC. didn’t eatD. to not have eaten4.I don’t know whether you happen_____, but I’m going to study in the USA this September. A. to beheard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard5.Robert is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying6.The flue is believed _____by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused7.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____since the flood hit the area last Friday.A .have been missingB .have got lostC .be missingD .get lost8.AIDS is said ____the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A .that it isB .to beC .that it has beenD .to have been .9.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___ the world record in the110-meter hurdle race.A.breakingB. having brokenC. to have brokenD. break答案：1-101.designed2.is producing3.would have happened_4.were playinges_6.has changed7are going_8.have received9.helps_10.had drawn11-2011.is preferred12.be given13.help.were signed_14.had bought15.Taken16.consumed17.repaired18.understand19.understood improvedpaid off__20.being discussed_21-3021.discussed22.stolen_taking23.Faced_24.waiting25.to love,loved_26.Judging,excited27.puzzle,puzzling,raised_28.cultivating ,planting29.doing30.burning非谓语做定语1-5DAABA 6-10CDBBA 11-15DBCBB 16-20CCDCC 21-25AABCC 26-30ABBAB 31-35 非谓语做宾1-5ADDAD 6-10DBDAD 11-15DBACB 16-20DDABB 21-25BBBBC 26-30BADCB31-35CAABD 36-40CCADADB非谓语做宾补1-5BDDCD 6-10ADACD 11-15ABCAB 16-20CBASeem1-5BDADA 6-10 CADC。