2013年南京大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年、2013年-2015年南京理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题试题试卷汇编
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IV. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (40 points) Obviously many people knew that Maugham and Forster were homosexuals, and Coward never made any effort to disguise his sexual preference, but the issue was never made public, and neither Maugham nor Forster felt free enough to express his own feelings. Maugham and Forster were not alone in their fear of expos町、 and there was good reason for their fear. Andre Gide was one of the first m苟or figures to declare himself a homosexual during his own lifetime ( 1869-1951 ). He did so first in an autobiographical novel published in 1924，扩 It Die, and to make certain that the implications of the novel were fully understood, he published his · dialogues on homosexuality, Corydon, that same year. Other later writers such as Allan Ginsberg and Christopher Isherwood never made any secret about their sexual preference and wrote novels and poems on homoerotic themes. Tennessee Williams also wrote about his homosexuality, but unlike Ginsberg and Isherwood, never used it as an explicit theme in his writing, although some of his plays could play as well with a homosexual couple as a heterosexual one. Others who never publicly announced their homosexuality include the economist John Maynard Keynes, the novelists Hart Grane, Hugh Walpole, Virginia Woolf, the poet W.H. Auden, and vast numbers of businessmen, workers, and even politicians such as Tom D.iberg, who was chairman of the National Executive Committee of the British Labor Party from 1949 to 1972. In 卢his last case, though his homosexuality was known to many of his fellow MPs, it allegedly kept him out of the British cabinet, although he was appointed to the House of Lords. Homosexual, in fact, once the veil of secrecy is removed, is ubiquitous. Even such American folk heroes as Horatio Alger, Jr., were homosexual; his asexual
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含答案)【圣才出品】
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、英汉互译1. RCEP（Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution）【答案】皇家环境污染委员会2. a bull market【答案】牛市3. Russian ruble【答案】俄罗斯卢布4. anti-dumping【答案】反倾销5. stock in trade【答案】库存，存货6. paid on delivery【答案】货到付款7. unanimous vote【答案】全票通过8. carbon footprint【答案】碳足迹9. recursive function【答案】递归函数10. provisional agenda【答案】临时议程11. ready-made garment【答案】成衣12. United Nation secretariat【答案】联合国秘书处13. Global Environment Facility【答案】全球环境基金14. International Refugee Organization 【答案】国际难民组织15. The World Travel and Tourism Council 【答案】世界旅行和旅游理事会16. 种族歧视【答案】race discrimination17. 就职演说【答案】inaugural speech18. 和谐共赢【答案】harmonious and win-win19. 文化事业【答案】cultural undertakings20. 全民健身【答案】nationwide fitness programs21. 本地化服务【答案】localization services22. 产能过剩行业【答案】industries with excess capacity23. 放宽市场准入【答案】liberalize market access24. 自主创新能力【答案】capacity for independent innovation25. 载人航天飞行【答案】manned space flight26. 促进生态修复【答案】promote ecological restoration27. 公共卫生体系【答案】public health system28. 科技成果产业化【答案】industrialization of scientific and technological achievements 29. 多语言跨文化交际【答案】multi-language cross- cultural communication30. 古为今用，洋为中用【答案】make the past serve the present, to make foreign things serve China二、英译汉：As long as there is class division and social inequality, Karl Marx will be the most relevant social thinker of the twenty-one century……三、汉译英：科学家们花了300年的时间，通过做实验并进行计算，才确定了光在真空中惊人的传播速度：每秒钟186,282英里（约折合299,784公里）。
2013年考研英语真题及解析
2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题(完整版）Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points)People are，on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions。
At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr。
Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision—makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with。
4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea，he turned to the university—admissions process. In theory，the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 。
2013英语考研真题以及答案解析
2013英语考研真题以及答案解析2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were15 used in conjunction with an applicant‘s score on the Graduate Management Admission T est, or GMAT,a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidatein a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions beloweach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn‘t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant‘s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn‘t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline‘s three-year indictment of ―fast fashion‖. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don‘t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world‘s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan‘s T he Omnivore‘s Dilemma. ―Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,‖ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year –about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beau mont decades to perfect her craft; her example can‘t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can‘t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word ―indictment‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is close st inmeaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim ―behavioural‖ ads a t those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to befollowed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft‘s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that ―behavioural‖ ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. ―The industry‖ (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to lookforward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of ourprospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN‘s ―Red List‖ suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world‘s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet‘s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona‘s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration‘s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. U nited States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona‘s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to ―establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ‖and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court‘s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately ―occupied the field‖ and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal‘s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That‘s because Congress has alwa ys envisioned jointfederal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. Theonly major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as ―a shocking assertion of federal executive power‖. The White House argued that Arizona‘s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn‘t want to carry out Congress‘s immigrati on wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona‘s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers‘ duty t o withhold immigrants ?information.[B] States‘ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States‘ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress‘s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states‘ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states‘ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the numberof social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today‘s global ch allenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessaryagro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the k eywords ―environmental changed‖ or ―climate change‖ have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community‘s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today‘s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European UnionFramework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as muchabout changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G]During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III Translation46. Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a ―still point of the turning world,‖ t o borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is somuch so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possib le by the structuring of one‘s relation to one‘s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn‘t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.(50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a ―liberated‖ sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I Use of English1. A. grants2. D. external3. C. picture4. A. For example5. B. fearful6. B. on7. A. if8. D. test9. D. success10. A. chosen11. D. otherwise12. C. conducted13. B. rated14. D. took15. B. then16. C. marked17. A. before18. C. drop19. B. undo20. C. necessarySection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 (In the 2006)21. B. insensitivity to fashion22. D. shop for their garment more frequently23. A. accusation24. D. pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing25. C. criticism of the fast-fashion industryText 2 (An old saying)26. B. lower their operational costs27. D. internet browser developers28. C. will not benefit consumers29. A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose30. D. skepticismText 3 (Now utopia)31. B. our faith in science and technology32. A. sustained species33. D. our immediate future is hard to conceive34. C. draw on our experience from the past35. C. the ever-bright prospects of mankindText 4 (On a five to three)36. C. overstepped the authority of federal immigration37. C. states‘ legitimate role in immigration enforcement38. D. stood in favor of the states39. A. outweighs that held by the states40. D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part B41. E. These issues all have root causes in human behavior...42. F. Despite these factors...43. B. However, the numbers are still small...44. G. During the late 1990s...45. C. The idea is to force social to integrate...Section III Translation46. 然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然意识到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求47. 一块神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是一种人类本能的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的本能需求。
2013年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．EEC正确答案：欧洲经济共同体(European Economic Community)2．Nuke正确答案：核武器3．IBM正确答案：美国国际商用机器公司(International Business Machine)4．FOB正确答案：离岸价格(Free on Board)5．EVP正确答案：执行副总裁(Executive Vice President)6．COO正确答案：首席运营官(Chief Operating Officer)7．SINOCHEM正确答案：中国化工进出口公司8．ASEM正确答案：亚欧会议(Asia—Europe Meeting)9．SOMTI正确答案：亚欧贸易投资高官会(Senior Officials’Meeting on Trade andInvestment)10．EU integration正确答案：欧盟一体化11．virtual secretariat正确答案：网上秘书处12．the enforcement procedures正确答案：执行程序13．appoint and empower正确答案：委托授权14．live transmission正确答案：现场直播15．High Tech Zone正确答案：高新技术开发区汉译英16．劳务出口正确答案：export of labor service17．利率市场化正确答案：interest rate liberalization18．厉行节约正确答案：practice strict economy19．劣质工程正确答案：shoddy engineering20．联合管理正确答案：joint administration21．基本人权正确答案：basic human rights22．恢复法制正确答案：to restore the rule of law23．宏观决策正确答案：macro decision-making24．坚持党的群众路线正确答案：adhere to the mass line of the Party25．贿选正确答案：practice bribery at an election26．科普活动正确答案：activity to popularize scientific knowledge 27．劳逸结合正确答案：strike a proper balance between work and rest 28．控制人口数量正确答案：control the population size29．快递正确答案：express delivery30．空中交通管制正确答案：air traffic control英汉互译英译汉31．At the close of 1933, Keynes addressed a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, which, not seeking reticence , he published in the New York Times. A single sentence summarized his case: “I lay overwhelming emphasis on the increase of national purchasing power resulting from governmental expenditure which is financed by loans...” The following year he visited FDR but the letter had been a better means of communication. Each man was puzzled by the face-to-face encounter. The president thought Keynes some kind of “a mathematician rather than a political economist. “Keynes was depressed: he had “supposed the President was more literate, economically speaking. “If corporations are large and strong, as they already were in the thirties, they can reduce their prices. And if unions are nonexistent or weak, as they were at the time in the United States, labor can then be forced to accept wage reductions. Action by one company will force action by another. The modern inflationary spiral will work in reverse; the reduced purchasing power of workers will add to its force. Through the National Recovery Administration Washington was trying to arrest this process—a reasonable and even wise effort, given the circumstances. This Keynes and most economists did not see; he and they believed the NRA Wrong, and ever since it has had a poor press. One of FDR’s foolish mistakes. Keynes wanted much more vigorous borrowing and spending; he thought the Administration far too cautious. And Washington was, indeed, reluctant.In the early thirties the Mayor of New York was James J. Walker. Defending a casual attitude toward dirty literature, as it was then called, he said he had never heard of a girl being seduced by a book. Keynes was now, after a fashion, to prove Walker wrong. Having failed by direct, practical persuasion , he proceeded to seduce Washington and the world by way of a book. Further to prove the point against Walker, it was a nearly unreadable one.正确答案：在1933年末，凯恩斯给富兰克林.罗斯福写了一封信，为了使公众皆知，他把信发表在《纽约时报》上。
2013年考研英语真题及解析
2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题（完整版）Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers 2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external 3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment 4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all 5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless 6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless 8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test 9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took 15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather 16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced 17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below 18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate 19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard 20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals. Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it. 21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her [A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion. [C] obsession with high fashion. [D]lack of imagination. 22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world. [C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently. 23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to [A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance. 24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph? [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability. [C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 25. What is the subject of the text? [A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth. [C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret. Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy. In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default. It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple? 26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to: [A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs [C] avoid complaints from consumers [D]provide better online services 27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: [A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors [C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers 28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default [A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry [C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature 29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? [A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: [A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticism Text 3 Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence . Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. 31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by [A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology [C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity 32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are [A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment [C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race 33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem. [C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive. 34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to [A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world [C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history 35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species [C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and Humanity Text 4 On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers. However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts. The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they [A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers. [B] disturbed the power balance between different states. [C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law. [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies. 37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4? [A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law. [C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement. [D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement. 38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts [A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states’ interests. [C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states. 39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement [A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states’ support. [C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws. 40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? [A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. [B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion. [C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. [D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues. Part B Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction . Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____ When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate. The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems. [A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs. [B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords. [C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies. [D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones. [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development . [G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%. Part B: (10 points) Section III Translation 46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points) Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basiclevel, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms. Section III Writing Party A 51 Directions: Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) Part B: (20 points) Part B 52 Directions: Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should (1) describe the drawing briefly, (2) interpret its intended meaning, and(3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年考研英语一真题答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
2013年辽宁大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年辽宁大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Translate the following phrases into E nglish or Chinese. (2×20=40)1. ideological difference【答案】意识形态分歧2. foreign exchange reserve【答案】外汇储备3. marginal civilization【答案】边缘文明4. anti-abnormal competition statute【答案】反不正当竞争法规5. the principle of equality and mutual benefit【答案】平等互利原则6. artificial intelligence【答案】人工智能7. state assets【答案】国有资产8. territorial sea【答案】领海9. GATT(General Agreement on T ariffs and Trade) 【答案】关税及贸易总协定10. aircraft carrier【答案】航空母舰11. 民生【答案】people’s livelihood12. 分期付款【答案】installment13. 政治体制改革【答案】reform of the political structure14. 社会转型期【答案】social transformation period15. 科教兴国【答案】develop the country through science and education16. 双贏战略【答案】win-win strategy17. 落地签证【答案】visa on arrival18. 创业资金【答案】venture capital19. 主流文化【答案】mainstream culture20. 科学发展观【答案】the Scientific Outlook on DevelopmentII. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (5×5=25)1. Quality is wealth. More is not better. Better is better. You don’t need a biggerhouse; you need a different floor plan. You don’t need more stuff; you need stuff you will actually use. Eco-friendly designs and nontoxic materials already exist, and there’s plenty of for innovation. You may pay more for things like long-lasting, energy-efficient LED light bulbs, but they will save real money over the long term. 【答案】质量就是财富。
2013年考研英语真题及解析
2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题（完整版）Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points)People are, on the whole，poor at considering background information when making individual decisions。
At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day。
To 8 this idea，he turned to the university-admissions process。
[考研类试卷]2013年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2013年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 EEC2 Nuke3 IBM4 FOB5 EVP6 COO7 SINOCHEM8 ASEM9 SOMTI10 EU integration11 virtual secretariat12 the enforcement procedures13 appoint and empower14 live transmission15 High Tech Zone汉译英16 劳务出口17 利率市场化18 厉行节约19 劣质工程20 联合管理21 基本人权22 恢复法制23 宏观决策24 坚持党的群众路线25 贿选26 科普活动27 劳逸结合28 控制人口数量29 快递30 空中交通管制英译汉31 At the close of 1933, Keynes addressed a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, which, not seeking reticence , he published in the New York Times. A single sentence summarized his case: " I lay overwhelming emphasis on the increase of national purchasing power resulting from governmental expenditure which is financed by loans..." The following year he visited FDR but the letter had been a better means of communication. Each man was puzzled by the face-to-face encounter. The president thought Keynes some kind of "a mathematician rather than a political economist. " Keynes was depressed: he had " supposed the President was more literate, economically speaking. "If corporations are large and strong, as they already were in the thirties, they can reduce their prices. And if unions are nonexistent or weak, as they were at the time in the United States, labor can then be forced to accept wage reductions. Action by one company will force action by another. The modern inflationary spiral will work in reverse; the reduced purchasing power of workers will add to its force. Through the National Recovery Administration Washington was trying to arrest this process—a reasonable and even wise effort, given the circumstances. This Keynes and most economists did not see; he and they believed the NRA Wrong, and ever since it has had a poor press. One of FDR's foolish mistakes. Keynes wanted much more vigorous borrowing and spending; he thought the Administration far too cautious. And Washington was, indeed, reluctant.In the early thirties the Mayor of New York was James J. Walker. Defending a casual attitude toward dirty literature, as it was then called, he said he had never heard of a girl being seduced by a book. Keynes was now, after a fashion, to prove Walker wrong. Having failed by direct, practical persuasion , he proceeded to seduce Washington and the world by way of a book. Further to prove the point against Walker, it was a nearly unreadable one.汉译英32 自核武器出现以来，人类一直生活在战争威胁的巨大阴影之下。
英语翻译基础2013年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题
南京航空航天大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码: 357满分: 150 分科目名称: 英语翻译基础注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. malware2. code of conduct3. inflation4. search engine5. square brackets6. 3G mobile7. MOU 8. Chairman of the Board9. teleconference 10. correspondence university11. vicious circle 12. aircraft carrier13. entrepreneur 14. financial crisis15. intellectual propertyPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. 波音2. 硅谷3. 教育机构4. 科学态度5. 市场营销6. 高能物理7. 临界温度 8. 控制系统9. 经济发展 10. 希望工程11. 电流 12. 技术革新13. 太阳能 14. 太空站15. 数字电视Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ X 2 = 60’).Passage 1The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word ‘cybernetics’ (from the Greek word for ‘steersman’, ‘kubernetes’), to describe that branch of study which is concerned with self‐regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of their mass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand upright, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.Passage 2A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in the moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined？Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ X 2 = 60’).Passage 1大型飞机重大专项已经立项了，中国人要用自己的双手和智慧制造有国际竞争力的大飞机。
历年英语考研真题及答案（2013）
历年英语考研真题及答案（2013）2013年研究生入学考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 。
2013年中国矿业大学文法学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年中国矿业大学文法学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into Chinese. There are altogether 20 items in this part of the test, with one point for each. (20’)1. 住宅物业【答案】residential property2. 客户关系管理【答案】customer relation management3. 组织能力评估【答案】assessment of organizational capability4. 供应链管理【答案】Supply Chain Management5. 做大经济蛋糕【答案】make the economic pie bigger6. 放宽市场准入【答案】to expand market entrance7. 淘汰煤行业落后产能【答案】phase out backward production capacities of coal industry8. 促进生态修复【答案】promote restoration of the ecosystems9. 科技成果产业化【答案】promote industrialization of scientific and technological achievements10. 全民健身【答案】National Fitness11. 文化体制改革【答案】reform of cultural administrative system12. 不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性【答案】make the policies more targeted, flexible, and forward-looking constantly13. 民族凝聚力【答案】national cohesiveness14. 中国特色军事变革【答案】the military revolution with Chinese characteristics15. 廉租房【答案】low-rent housing16. 加强科技支撑【答案】increase the support for work in science and technology17. 仁爱原则【答案】benevolence18. 收入倍增【答案】the income increases multiply19. 廉政文化建设【答案】foster a culture of clean government20. 支农惠农政策【答案】policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following source text into Chinese. (55 points)The traveler from the coast, who, after plodding northward for a score of miles over calcareous downs and corn-lands, suddenly reaches the verge of one of these escarpments, is surprised and delighted to behold, extended like a map beneath him, country differing absolutely from that which he has passed through. Behind him the hills are open, the sun blazes down upon fields so large as to give an unenclosed character to the landscape, the lanes are white, the hedges low and plashed, the atmosphere colorless. Here, in the valley, the world seems to be constructed upon a smaller and more delicate scale; the fields are mere paddocks, so reduced that from this height hedgerows appear a network of dark green threads overspreading the paler green of the grass. The atmosphere beneath is languorous, and is so tinged with azure that what artists call the middle distance partakes also of that hue, while the horizon beyond is of the deepest ultramarine.The crimson brick lodge came first in sight, up to its eaves in dense evergreens. Tess thought this was the mansion itself till, passing through the side wicket with some trepidation, and onward to a point at which the drive took a turn, the house proper stood in full view. It was of recent erection - indeed almost new - and of the same rich red colour that formed such a contrast with the evergreens of the lodge. Far behind the corner of the house - which rose like a geranium bloom against the subdued colours around - stretched the soft azure landscape of The Chase - a truly venerable tract of forest land, one of the few remaining woodlands in England of undoubted primeval date, wherein Druidical mistletoe was still found on aged oaks, and where enormous yew trees, notplanted by the hand of man, grew as they had grown when they were pollarded for bows. All this sylvan antiquity, however, though visible from the Slopes, was outside the immediate boundaries of the estate.【参考译文】一个从海边上来的旅客，往北很费劲地走了几十里地的石灰质丘阜和庄稼地以后，一下到了这些峻岭之一的山脊上面，看见了一片原野，像地图一样平铺在下面，和刚才所走过的绝然不同，他就不由得要又惊又喜。
2013年湖南师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年湖南师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解PART I TRANSLATION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (60 MIN)SECTION A ENGLISH TO CHINESE (15 POINTS)Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write your translations on the answer sheet.1. BEC【答案】商务英语证书2. GPS【答案】全球定位系统3. HIV【答案】人类免疫缺陷病毒4. Melbourne【答案】墨尔本5. Semantics【答案】语义学6. overdue loan【答案】逾期贷款7. avian influenza【答案】禽流感8. Ph. D candidate【答案】博士生9. cease-fire agreement【答案】停火协议10. proactive fiscal policy【答案】积极的财政政策11. fixed exchange rate system 【答案】固定汇率制度12. qualified commercial insurer 【答案】合格的商业保险公司13. consultation on an equal footing 【答案】平等协商14. household and commercial lighting【答案】家庭和商业照明15. United Nations Security Council【答案】联合国安理会SECTION B CHINESE TO ENGLISH (15 POINTS)Translate the following words and phrases into English. Write your translations on the answer sheet.1. 《大学》【答案】the Great Learning2. 免费通过【答案】free passage3. 流动人口【答案】floating population4. 种子选手【答案】seeded player5. 共同富裕【答案】common prosperity6. 生态农业【答案】ecological agriculture7. 行政审批【答案】administrative examination and approval8. 农业特产税【答案】tax on special agricultural products9. 在职研究生【答案】on-the-job postgraduate10. 自然保护区【答案】natural reserve11. 学龄前儿童【答案】pre-school children12. 大规模裁员【答案】mass layoffs13. 工资集体合同【答案】Collective Contract on Salary14. 科技体制改革【答案】reform of the scientific and technological system15. 公共供暖系统【答案】public heating systemPART II TRANSLATION OF TEXTS (120 MIN)SECTION A ENGLISH TO CHINESE (60 POINTS)Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevation of mankind. With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meagre life than the poor. The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class than which none has been poorer in outward riches, none so rich in inward. We know not much about them. It is remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. The same is true of the more modern reformers and benefactors of their race. None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. Of a life ofluxury the fruit is luxury, whether in agriculture, or commerce, or literature, or art. There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not merely to have subtle thoughts, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a noble race of men.【参考译文】大部分的奢侈品，大部分的所谓生活的舒适，非但没有必要，而且对人类进步大有妨碍。
2013年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列缩略语、习语、术语和专有名词译成汉语，缩略形式还需写出英语全文。
（15分）1. GPS【答案】全球定位系统（Global Positioning System）2. SOHO【答案】家具办公（Small Office Home Office）3. APEC【答案】亚太经济合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)4. IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency）5. to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst【答案】比上不足，比下有余。
6. Rob Peter to pay Paul.【答案】拆东墙补西墙。
7. Everything comes to him who waits.【答案】坚持就是胜利。
8. Life begins at forty.【答案】四十不惑。
9. Truth will come to light sooner or later.【答案】纸包不住火。
10. Bit Error Rate【答案】误码率11. VPN【答案】虚拟专用网络（Virtual Private Network）12. RFID【答案】射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification)13. CCPIT【答案】中国国际贸易促进委员会（China Council for the Promotion of International Trade）14. ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)15. Arbitration clause【答案】仲裁条款二、将下列汉语译成英语，译成缩略语的需要写出缩略语英语全文。
2013年厦门大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年厦门大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成英语1.全面建成小康社会【答案】build a moderately prosperous society2.安倍晋三【答案】Shinzo Abe3.翘尾因素【答案】carry-over effect4.中国围棋【答案】Chinese Chess5.骑楼【答案】arcade6.植入广告【答案】product placement7.逆回购【答案】reverse repo8.汽车单双号限行【答案】restriction on the odd-and even-numbered license plates9.乱穿马路【答案】jaywalking10.花旗银行【答案】Citibank11.两“非”（非法鉴别性别和非法终止妊娠）【答案】illegal fetal sex determination and illegal abortions12.湄公河【答案】Mekong River13.松下电器【答案】Panasonic14.哈萨克斯坦【答案】Kazakhstan十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书15.兵部尚书【答案】minister of war二、将下列短语译成汉语1.swing states【答案】摇摆州2.poetic justice【答案】报应3.drone【答案】无人机4.to scale back headcounts【答案】裁员5.cheerleader【答案】啦啦队队长6.skopos theory【答案】翻译目的论7.shopping spree 【答案】购物狂欢8.wailing wall【答案】哭墙9.call to collect【答案】对方付费的电话10.TEU【答案】标准箱11.shale gas【答案】页岩气12.plastic surgery 【答案】整形手术13.a storm in a teacup 【答案】大惊小怪14.windfall tax【答案】暴利税15.quantitative easing【答案】量化宽松（政策）三、将下列短文译成汉语Passage AWars throughout history have been waged for conquest and plunder.In the Middle Ages when the feudal lords who inhabited the castles-whose towers may still be seen along the Rhine concluded to enlarge their domains,to increase their power,their prestige and their wealth they declared war upon one another.But they themselves did not go to war any more than the modem feudal lords,the barons of Wall Street go to war.The feudal barons of the Middle Ages,the economic predecessors of the capitalists of our day,declared all wars.And their miserable serfs fought ail the battles.The poor,ignorant serfs had been taught to revere their masters;to believe that when their masters declared war upon one another,it was their patriotic duty to fall upon one another and to cut one another’s throats for the profit and glory of the lords and barons who held them in contempt.And that is war in a nutshell. The master class has always declared the wars;the subject class has always fought the battles.The master class has had all to gain and nothing to lose,while thesubject class has had nothing to gain and all to lose-especially their lives.【参考译文】纵观历史，战争多是为了侵略和掠夺。
2013年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Directions: Translate the following words, phrases, abbreviations oridioms into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese with one point for each. (30’)1. the Oriental and Occidental languages【答案】东方与西方的语言2. a transnational corporation based in New York【答案】一家总部位于纽约的跨国公司3. Red Star Over China【答案】《红星照耀中国》或《西行漫记》4. cyberspace【答案】网络空间5.Love’s Labour’s Lost【答案】《爱的徒劳》（莎士比亚剧本）6. Store Away from Boiler【答案】远离锅炉7. computer-generated documents 【答案】计算机生成的文件8. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 【答案】北大西洋公约组织9. a first aid kit【答案】急救箱10. Council of Europe【答案】欧洲理事会11. natural language processing 【答案】自然语言处理12. Book of Poetry【答案】《诗经》13. economic recovery【答案】经济复苏14. board of directors【答案】董事会15. Two of a trade never agree. 【答案】同行是冤家。
2013年西北师范大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年西北师范大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese. (30 points)1. NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织2. CPU【答案】中央处理器3. ISS【答案】工业标准规格4. FAO【答案】联合国粮食与农业组织5. ERP【答案】企业资源计划6. East Asia Community【答案】东亚共同体7. Apple of one’s eye 【答案】掌上明珠8. Sherlock Holmes 【答案】夏洛克·福尔摩斯9. Enclosure Movement 【答案】圈地运动10. Arabian Nights 【答案】天方夜谭11. Point Guard【答案】控球后卫12. Demilitarized Zone 【答案】非军事区13. Chauvinism【答案】沙文主义14. United Nations Environment Programme【答案】联合国环境规划署15. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 【答案】美国国家航空航天局16. 常务委员会【答案】standing committee17. 副教授【答案】associate professor18. 白皮书【答案】white paper19. 十二五计划【答案】the12th Five-Year Plan20. 平等互利原则【答案】the principle of equality and mutual benefit21. 科教兴国【答案】develop the country through science and education22. 凝聚力【答案】cohesion23. 不可抗力【答案】force majeure24. 联合国安理会【答案】United Nation Security Council25. 外汇储备【答案】foreign exchange reserve26. 支柱产业【答案】pillar industry27. 个税起征点【答案】the minimum threshold for personal income tax28. 燃油附加费【答案】Bunker Adjustment Factor29. 市场占有率【答案】market share30. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧【答案】Where there is life, there is hope.II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120 points)Source Text 1:Once a circle missed a wedge. The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them fit. Then only one day the circle found a piece that fit perfectly, it was so happy.Now it could be whole, with nothing missing. It incorporated the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice the flowers or talking to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped; left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.The lesson of the story, I suggested, was that in some strange sense we aremore whole when we are missing something. There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so.Life is not a trap set for us by God so that he can condemn us for failing. Life is not a spelling bee, where no matter how many words you’ve gotten right, you’re disqualified if you make one mistake. Life is more like a baseball season, where even the best team loses one-third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose.When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved a wholeness. That, I believe, is what God asks of us—“Be whole”.If we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in another’s happiness, and wise enough to know there is enough love to go around for us all, then we can achieve a fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.【参考译文】从前，一只圆圈缺了一块楔子。
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2013年南京大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I.Phrase Translation
1.WHO
【答案】世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)
2.CBD
【答案】中央商务区(Central Business District)
3.YOG
【答案】青奥会(Youth Olympic Games)
4.IMF
【答案】国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)
5.ISO
【答案】国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)
6.OPEC
【答案】石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 7.UNESCO
【答案】联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)
8.Euromart
【答案】欧洲共同市场(European Common Market)
9.Guiness Book of Record
【答案】吉尼斯世界纪录
10.negative population growth
【答案】人口负增长
11.the European Economic Community
【答案】欧洲经济共同体(the European Economic Community)
12.World Intellectual Property Organization
【答案】世界知识产权组织
13.greenhouse effect
【答案】温室效应
14.gentleman’s agreement
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书
【答案】君子协定
15.I-steel
【答案】工字钢；工字形钢
16.和平过渡
【答案】peaceful transition
17.市场准入
【答案】market access
18.网民
【答案】netizen
19.工业园区
【答案】industrial park
20.绿色食品
【答案】green food
21.泡沫经济
【答案】bubble economy
22.脱口秀
【答案】talk show
23.售后服务
【答案】after-sales service
24.技术下乡
【答案】spread technological knowledge to farmers
25.海峡两岸关系协会
【答案】Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
26.老字号
【答案】a time-honored brand;an old and famous shop or enterprise
27.战略伙伴关系
【答案】strategic partnership
28.留守儿童
【答案】left-behind children;stay-at-home children
29.政府职能转变
【答案】the transformation of government functions
30.第三产业
【答案】tertiary industry
II.Passage translation
Section A Chinese to English
The collapse of belief we have been witnessing throughout the twentieth century comes with globalism.The postmodern condition is not an artistic movement or a cultural fad or an intellectual theory—although it produces all of those and is in some ways defined by them.It is what inevitably happens as people everywhere begin to see that there are many beliefs,many kinds of belief,many ways of believing.Postmodernism is globalism;it is the half-discovered shape of the one unity that transcends all our differences.
In a global—and globalizing-era,all of the old structures of political reality,all the old ways of saying who we are and what we are for and what we are against, seem to be melting away into air.
How to have an identity in such a world?Nationalism becomes semiobsolete before it even completes its conquest;national governments everywhere are challenged from front and rear,past and future.They are forced to do battle against threats to their fragile sovereignties that are posed by international organizations
and movements and economic forces.The weaker national sovereignty as an absolute principle,the less secure we are in defining ourselves according to national citizenship.
【参考译文】
我们目睹了整个二十世纪里全球主义带来的信仰的崩溃。
后现代境况既不是一场艺术运动，也不是一种文化时尚，更不是某种知识理论——这些都是后现代主义的产物，而且在某种程度上成为后现代主义的特点。
不可避免地，人们开始看到，世界上存在着许多种类、许多形式的信仰。
后现代主义就是全球主义；这是一个超越了我们所有差异的整体，但时下只是若隐若现。
一旦人们意识到人类的信仰竟是如此种类繁多、五花八门，后现代环境就是无法避免的了。
在已经或即将全球化的时代，所有用来反映政治现实的陈旧体系，所有用来阐释“我们”的定义，似乎都将随之消融。
在一个越来越全球化的时代，所有旧的划分政治现实的方法、所有旧的表达我们自己，表达自己爱憎的方法似乎都已灰飞烟灭。
如何在当下的世界里给后现代主义一个定义？民族主义在完成它的征服前已经变得过时；世界各国政府正面临着来自国内外、过去和将来的挑战。
他们不得不与前现代部落和种族认同进行战斗，就像他们抵御国际组织、国际运动和经济力量为其脆弱的国家主权带来的威胁那样。
作为绝对原则的国家主权越脆弱，我们想用国家公民的概念来界定自己的安全性也就越弱。
Section B English to Chinese
近年来网络产业急速发展。
据今年早期因特网信息中心的统计数据，中国的公共网络已覆盖400多个城市，上网电脑达820万台，经常上网者达2，260万人，网址有33，000。