托福TPO21口语Task2题目+满分范文

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新托福口语Task2十大高频话题范例

新托福口语Task2十大高频话题范例朗阁海外考试研究中心崔明媛托福口语考试的第二题作为最后一个独立口语题是有一定难度的，它不像第一题给考生很大的自由去定自己想说的内容，而是给考生一个情景让考生做出选择，或二选一，或同意与否。

总之，考生需要结合情景与自身经验，做出选择之后给出两个合理的理由。

通过不断地总结考题我们发现，task2的考题也是具有高度重复性的，所以对于考生来说，在备考后期牢牢掌握高频题是重中之重。

所以在这里朗阁海外考试研究中心的口语组专家就总结了10个task2的高频题并逐一给出范例。

1.Some people like to go to college immediately after graduation while others prefer to have a one-year break to learn something or do something they like. Which do you prefer?Answer: Well, I personally prefer to have a break before getting into college as I think, first of all, to know what I’m interested in and what I’m looking for is of great significance. I mean, to me to know what I like to learn in college is not that easy as I don’t experience much during school. Only by experiencing more out of class can I find my real interest. More importantly, it’s a good chance to get a part-time job to save me some money on my tuition fee in college, so I’m able to have a quite easy budget. So to me to have a break before college is more preferable.2.Some people like to have a break or get a job during summer vacation. Others think it is better to take a class. Which do you prefer and why?Answer: To me, I’d say I would have a break or get a job during summer vacation.I think the essence of summer vacation is to allow us to have a relaxation aftera term-long devotion to study and therefore refresh and recharge us to get ready for a new semester; otherwise we will consume too much energy. What’s more, summer vacation serves as a great opportunity to allow us to have a travel with friends or family so as to enhance our social relationship, or to get a job whether in relation to our major or not so that we are able to expand our experience.3.Some students prefer to study alone while others prefer to study in group. Which do you prefer?Answer: Well, I think that depends on what kind of work I’m doing. But on most occasions I’d like to study alone. First of all, I think everyone has own ideas about a task. It’s great to learn from others’ideas and experience, but personally I am easy to be affected by others’ thoughts or whatever. I prefer to learn individually since I can hold on my opinion about a question or a task and later discuss with my classmates. Secondly, when I study I have to make sure that I a hundred percent focus on my work so I’m able to think deeply and ensure my study efficiency; otherwise I probably would not have a satisfying learning result.4.Some people think the first impression is important when making friends while others think it’s more important to know each other over time. What do you think?Answer: Well, I think to know each other over time is more important when making friends. Firstly, most people won’t show their real personality to strangers at first encounter nowadays. So the first impression is not as reliable as it was before. What we see and what we hear are probably not what people really want to express, or probably what they pretend to express. Only by interacting with people more often later can we get to know them more clearly. What’s more, many people make friends by exploiting common interests, and I think they can get to know each other more deeply through long-term interaction. So that’s why I’d say to know each otherover time is more important when making friends.5.Some students think maths is more important while others think art and history are more important. What do you think?Answer: Personally, I think art and history are more important to learn because firstly, learning art allows students to exploit their interests and cultivate their temperament. I would never know that I’m good at making sculptures if my school didn’t open sculpture class. What’s more, learning history is of great significance to sharpen students’analytical skill and critical thinking. Only by drawing experience from history can we move forward without making same mistakes.6.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is never too late for an old person to receive higher education and to get a university degree. Use specific reasons to support your answer.Answer: I personally agree with this idea because first of all, every person has own right to receive higher education, regardless of age, gender or anything else.I mean, an old person didn't get higher education earlier may because of some reasons; it’s never too late for them to chase what they like. Plus it’s their right to choose what they want to do provided that their health condition allows them to do so. What’s more, to get higher education is rather a good way to enrich elder people’s lives. I mean, to listen to a lecture and to do an assignment are definitely good to exercise the elders’ mind.7.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should always wear uniforms in school.Answer: Ok, I totally agree that students should always wear uniforms in school.I believe it’s quite significant as wearing uniforms allows students to look more confident, spirited and most importantly, allow them to pay their attention on studyother than thinking about what to wear everyday. Besides, I think uniforms are an identity that represents the culture and image of a school, so they are there to remind students that whatever they do represents the school rather than themselves. In this way students can watch their behaviours and try to do everything that makes their schools proud.8.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should not take their mobile phones into classroom.Answer: Personally, I disagree with this idea. Primarily, mobiles are an indispensable communicating tool in modern life. They are popular not only because they make contact more convenient but allow people to handle emergency the first time it happens. I’d take my friend Jenny for example. She and I both had marketing class on a Tuesday afternoon. Suddenly she got her landlady’s call that her neighbour smelled the gas leaking from her house. She then recalled that she forgot to switch off the gas as she cooked Cantonese soup as usual. So she left class immediately off home and she just prevented a potential fire. From that case, I realized that if she didn't pick up the phone call there might be an unimaginable fire. So that’s why I think taking mobile phones with us is important.9.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University students should take a part-time job during university.Answer: Well, I totally agree with the idea that college students should take a part-time job. Primarily, I think taking part-time job allows students to expand their experience as well as social circle. I mean, when taking a part-time job students will for sure get to know more people, so they can develop their communication skill and social skill, which are definitely significant for their future career. What’s more, students can earn their own bread or even help cover some of the tuition fee by taking part-time jobs. So that’s why I think university students should take a part-time job during university time.10.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should always tell the truth.Answer: Well, I personally disagree with this idea as I think people sometimes lie for good. For example, my little cousin is learning cooking now. You know when children learn something you’d better encourage them rather than criticizing them. So even the omelette she cooked was burned and tasted extremely salty, my aunt pretended that it’s not that bad and kept encouraging her to practice more so she can get a good result. I mean, my aunt didn't tell the truth to my cousin only not to break my little cousin’s heart. I think this happens frequently in our lives when we want to protect someone’s heart from being hurt. So sometimes it is better to tell lies rather than truths.以上10道题分别是5道二选一及5道同意与否的题目，考生可以结合自身情况进行融合改编，将其转化为自己的素材，并学习范例中的表达方式，加以应用到其他话题中。

托福TPO21独立写作题目文本+满分范文

托福TPO21独⽴写作题⽬⽂本+满分范⽂为了帮助⼤家⾼效备考托福，为⼤家带来托福TPO21独⽴写作题⽬⽂本+满分范⽂，希望对⼤家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO21独⽴写作题⽬原⽂：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO21独⽴写作满分范⽂：Everyone in the society is seeking for success in career, but what is the key factor of becoming successful? There are two choices – good networking and hardworking. Although someone tend to choose the first aspect, I definitely agree that hardworking at school should be a key factor of success. Without hardworking at school, success in the future cannot be guaranteed.To gain success in our future career, we must have solid knowledge of the field we choose. Under this circumstance, doing hard at school is the best way to quip ourselves with background knowledge. Although sometimes we may find things we have studied at school sort of unpractical, it is basic to handle real problems at work. Take myself as an example; I am now a senior major in journalism. I studied how to interview, how to write summaries and journals and how to make comments on subjects at school. I worked very hard and in the third year, I got a chance to be anintern in China Economic Daily. During this time, I totally put my knowledge into use and handle the real journalism with only a few problems. If I did not study hard and had no knowledge of journalism, how could I handle this internship?Another thing we can get from our hard work is the way of solving problems. During the time we studied at school, methods of learning and solving problems are also of great importance. These methods can be put into use even when we graduate, since we all have o update our knowledge and solve problems when we are at work. Again take myself as an example, when I did my internship, I had to write down a lot of details of a certain event in just a few minutes. It was really difficult, but since I had found out a method of writing fast at school, I could put down things on paper really efficiently. This method provided a lot of help.While some one may claim that we cannot ignore the importance of networking since a good networking may offer you greater chances to gain success. Anyway, I admit that we cannot get rid of a good networking. However, if we are not studying hard and haveno abilities to do things well, how can people pay attention on us or even provide us good opportunities? Hardworking is basic.All in all, hardworking should be the key factor of becoming successful. It provides foundations of our success in the future.以上是给⼤家整理的托福TPO21独⽴写作题⽬⽂本+满分范⽂，希望对你有所帮助!。

新托福TPO21阅读原文及译文(二)

新托福TPO21阅读原文(二)：The Origins of AgricultureTPO21-2：The Origins of AgricultureHow did it come about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers (the Southeast Asian mainland, Southwest Asia, Central America, lowland and highland South America, and equatorial Africa) at more or less the same time? Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages. To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and become sedentary, to develop methods of storage and, often, systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted, this became more difficult with farming. Furthermore, as the archaeological record shows, the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.Traditionally, it was believed that the transition to agriculture was the result of a worldwide population crisis. It was argued that once hunter-gatherers had occupied the whole world, the population started to grow everywhere and food became scarce; agriculture would have been a solution to this problem. We know, however, that contemporary hunter-gatherer societies control their population in a variety of ways. The idea of a world population crisis is therefore unlikely, although population pressure might have arisen in some areas.Climatic changes at the end of the glacial period 13,000 years ago have been proposed to account for the emergence of farming. The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources. There were, however, fluctuations in the climatic conditions, with the consequences that wet conditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.It would appear that the instability of the climatic conditions led populations that had originally been nomadic to settle down and develop a sedentary style of life,which led in turn to population growth and to the need to increase the amount of food available. Farming originated in these conditions. Later on, it became very difficult to change because of the significant expansion of these populations. It could be argued, however, that these conditions are not sufficient to explain the origins of agriculture. Earth had experienced previous periods of climatic change, and yet agriculture had not been developed.It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996), that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity, that is, the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. Cognitive fluidity explains the appearance of art, religion, and sophisticated speech. Once humans possessed such a mind, they were able to find an imaginative solution to a situation of severe economic crisis such as the farming dilemma described earlier. Mithen proposes the existence of four mental elements to account for the emergence of farming: (1) the ability to develop tools that could be used intensively to harvest and process plant resources; (2) the tendency to use plants and animals as the medium to acquire social prestige and power; (3) the tendency to develop "social relationships" with animals structurally similar to those developed with people—specifically, the ability to think of animals as people (anthropomorphism) and of people as animals (totemism); and (4) the tendency to manipulate plants and animals.The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state should not make us forget that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity; a few entered the modern period as hunting and gathering societies. It is anthropologically important to inquire into the conditions that made some societies adopt agriculture while others remained hunter-gatherers or horticulturalists. However, it should be kept in mind that many societies that knew of agriculture more or less consciously avoided it. Whether Mithen's explanation issatisfactory is open to contention, and some authors have recently emphasized the importance of other factors.TPO21-2译文：农业的起源农业是如何独立的在多个世界中心(东南亚大陆、西南亚、中美洲、南美的高地与低地以及赤道非洲地区)几乎同时发展起来的呢?在那些熟知动植物的人中农业发展得相当缓慢。

托福TPO21综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文

¡¡¡¡ÎªÁË°ïÖú´ó¼Ò¸ßÐ§±¸¿¼ÍÐ¸££¬Îª´ó¼Ò´øÀ´ÍÐ¸£TPO21×ÛºÏÐ´×÷ÔÄ¶ÁÔ-ÎÄ+ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄ+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼Ò±¸¿¼ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£¡¡¡¡ÍÐ¸£TPO21×ÛºÏÐ´×÷ÔÄ¶ÁÔ-ÎÄÎÄ±¾£º¡¡¡¡Genetic modification, a process used to change an organism¡¯s genes and hence its characteristics, is now being used to improve trees through genetic modification. It is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, grow faster, or withstand adverse conditions. Planting genetically modified trees on a large scale promises to bring a number of benefits. First, genetically modified trees are designed to be hardier than nature trees; that is, they are more likely to survive than their unmodified counterparts. In Hawaii, for example, a new pest-resistant species of papaya trees has been developed in response to ring spot virus infections that have repeatedly damaged the native papaya tree population. Planting the genetically modified papayas has largely put an end to the ringspot problem. Moreover, genetically modified trees promise to bring a number of economic benefits to those who grow them. Genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give greater yields of food, fruit, or other products and be hardier. This allows tree farmer to get faster and greater returns on their farming investment and save on pesticides as well. Finally, the use of genetically modified trees can prevent overexploitation of wild trees. Because of the growing demand for firewood and building timber, many forests around the world are being cut down faster than they can be replaced. Introducing genetically modified trees,designed for fast growth and high yield in given geographic conditions,would satisfy the demand for wood in many of those areas and save the endangered native trees, which often include unique or rare species.¡¡¡¡ÍÐ¸£TPO21×ÛºÏÐ´×÷ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄÎÄ±¾£º¡¡¡¡Sure, there are some benefits to plant genetically modified trees, but, are these trees as really great as they first sound? When you examine the subject firstly, there are some serious problems and costs associated with genetically modified trees.First, genetically modified trees may be resistant to one particular condition. But that doesn't necessarily ensure their survival. You see, a typical non modified trees' population is genetically diverse. That means that for most threatening conditions, or climate, insects and other pests, whatever, there will be at least some individual trees of any given species of tree that are resistant. So even if most of one kind of trees are killed, those few resistant trees will survive and ensure the survival of that species of tree. But genetically modified trees are genetically much more uniform. So if they're exposed to an environmental challenge they have not been designed for, they all die. So if the climate changes, the genetically modified trees will likely to be completely wiped out.Now as to the second point, they're hidden costs associated with genetically modified trees. You see, the company that genetically modifies the tree can charge tree farmers more for its seeds than un-genetically modified trees would cost. Also, as you've grown the tree, you can't justcollect the seeds and plant the new tree for free. By law, you have to pay the company every time you plant.And finally, genetically modified trees might actually cause even more damage to the local wild trees. You see, genetically modified trees often grow more aggressively than natural trees do. And, genetically modified trees are typically planted among natural trees. As a result, the genetically modified trees outcompete the native trees for resources, sunlight, soil, nutrients, and water, eventually crowding out the natural trees.¡¡¡¡ÍÐ¸£TPO21×ÛºÏÐ´×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ1£º¡¡¡¡In the lecture, the professor claims that although they may be some benefit, planting genetic modified trees will bring potential problems and costs. She totally opposes the three statements made in the reading passage. Firstly, the professor indicates that genetic modified trees may resistant, but this cannot guarantee their survival. She points out that in fact the unity of genes within genetic modified plantwill increase their likelihood to wipe out when there is some threatening situation.The professor counters the claim made by the reading passage. Secondly, the professor opposes the reading passage by pointing out there is hidden cost behind modification trees. Though genetic modification trees may provide more products or can save pesticide, their seeds are usually charged at a higher price. In addition, accordingto the law, a farmer has to pay for the seed each time they plant the trees. Thiswill not bring any economic benefit mentioned in the reading passage. Last but not least, the professor opposes the statement that genetic modification trees will prevent overexploit of wild trees. In fact, genetic modification trees tend to grow aggressively and can easily exhaust the resource of normal trees. This will bring disastrous result for the local vegetation.¡¡¡¡ÍÐ¸£TPO21×ÛºÏÐ´×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ2£º¡¡¡¡In the reading, the author claim that planting genetically modified trees can bring a number of benefits. However, in the lecture, the professor states that although there might be some benefits, planting genetic modified trees will bring serious problems and costs. Firstly, the professor indicates that genetic modified trees may be resistant to certain conditions as the reading states, but this cannot guarantee their survival. She points out that in fact the uniform genes of these genetically modified trees may lead them to be wiped out when facing unfavorable conditions suchas climate changes, while some of the ordinary trees might be able to survive. Secondly, the professor opposes the reading passage by pointing out there is hidden cost behind modification trees. Though genetic modification trees may have higher yields or need less pesticide, their seeds are usually charged at a higher price.In addition, according to the law, a farmer has to pay for the seed each time they plant the trees. L ast but not least, the professor opposes the statement that genetic modification trees will prevent overexploit of wild trees. In fact, genetic modification trees tend to grow aggressively and can easily exhaust the resource of。

托福口语——task 2

是否全面课程All-A-student who are smart enough to spend extra energy and attention on some other subjects like…….You’d better……….Thusyou could have an overall understanding of all the areaswhich maybe beneficial to their future development.Students who are not strong enough in some courses: for example…….you shouldn’t ……. Thus you could focus on your weak pointsand be more diligent in order to catch up with otherstudents.班级大小All-a-student who are smart enough to spend extra energy and attention on some other subjects like ………you’d better take big classes because in this case professors will talk about some broad knowledge of more areas, thus you could have an overall understanding of all the subjects which may be beneficial for your future development.Student who is not strong enough in some courses: for example…….you’d better take small classes because professors of small classes may give you a deeper look into that issue. Thus you can focus on your weak points and be more diligent in order to catch up with other students.1.Develop the sense of independence and leadership because you’re on your own. Develop the sense of cooperation and group-spirit because you must work together with others.2. It stands for the principal of equivalence. Everyone is equal and has the right to pursue their life goal.3. Sometimes we cannot control ourselves alone so…….. For example. So, you can have a schedule to follow.Interest:1.Interest is of significant importance because only by stronginterest can you put all your heart into your work and get a satisfying result.2.Interest can inspire us to look further and think of many things thatwe could not imagine at first.3.If you are interested in something, you’re not likely to give up easily.For example, I began to study drawing and playing the piano at the same time. But I’m not interested in piano at all so I quit seven years later. But I still draw pictures after twelve years.TELEVISION: bad1.Television is bad for small children because there’re a lot of violentscenes in TV programs, such as robbery and gunfight.2.I find that after the advent of television era, I prefer watching myfavorite television shows rather than chat with my parents and friends. So I think television will reduce the time for communication, which is definitely deleterious.3.Some advertisement on television will allure us to buy a lot ofunnecessary objects. For example, I watched an ad about a cell phone and it sound really nice. But it cost a lot of money and turned out unworthy.HOME: good.1.Home is the place that I’m most accustomed to. I know almost everyobject’s locus and could find them easily. For example……( work, study, eat)2.I feel very relaxed at home. For example, several weeks ago, I feelexhausted from study and work so I found my favorite CD---the lone trip----and listen to it for half an hour and then everything was right again.3.At home, almost everything is convenient. I do not need to wait forwaiters to order dishes and I needn’t to wait in front of a toilet during work!Higher education:1.During my pursue of high education, I can broaden my knowledgeabout this world, thus I could handle difficult issues more easily. 2.And it just feels like stepping into a small society, I mean thecollege. In this way, I could develop the ability to get on well with others because I’ll attend different clubs, like student’s union and music club, and communicate with different people everyday.3.In college I can also learn the art of cooperation and group-spiritbecause in classes I have to work with others almost all the time.Small city:1.It’s much safer than big cities. For example, one of my friendslives in a small seaside city and he told me that he had never been robbed before.2.Living in small cities is better for your health. The fact thatpollution is getting more and more severe in big cities can never be ignored. But the air in small cities is fresh and the water there is clear.3.The life in small cities is more peaceful and you’ll have lesspressure. For example, the price for food there will be lower, thus you needn’t worry about shortage of money, which means you are free of financial stress and you could pay more attention to your study/work.Living habitI will get up early and go to bed early.1.In the morning I’m wide awake, thus I could do better at my study.For example, every morning after I get up I will listen to English and recite some important passages because at that time I have a better memory.2.There’s less noise in the morning because not every person couldget up early. So I could concentrate on my work more easily. Just image if you could hear the sound of traffic, cooking, and maybe doing sports, how can you focus?3.At night, I’m easy to feel sleepy and cannot pay all my attention.And after dinner, your brain is not at its best state because you need time to digest food. So I choose to go to bed early as well.萬能（萬不得已才能用）1. It will help me develop the sense of cooperation and group spiritwhich I think is crucial today.2. I will learn more knowledge. By (living on campus, I could go tolibrary more easily, attending classes regularly, attending small glasses, studying in groups……. I learn more facts about my favorite writer TOLKIN’s philosophy towards life and academics.3. I will meet many new friends. Because I live on campus, I could meetmore people which are similar to me. Because I attend classes regularly, I have more opportunities to meet more persons with whomI could share feelings like sorrow and happiness. Because I attendsmall glasses, I could have deep conversation with my classmates thus we could be friends in a shorter time. Because I study in groups,I have more opportunities to meet more persons with whom I couldshare feelings like sorrow and happiness.。

托福写作tpo21综合写作范文

托福写作tpo21综合写作范文同学们，今天咱们来聊聊托福写作tpo21综合写作的范文呀。

这个写作是关于基因改造树木的呢。

在范文里呀，有好多有趣的观点。

比如说，基因改造树木有好的地方。

就像有一种树，经过基因改造后，它长得特别快。

这就像咱们班的小明同学跑步一样，本来跑得很慢，经过锻炼后，跑得像风一样快。

这种基因改造后的树，能很快就长得高高大大的。

它可以给我们提供很多木材，就像我们盖房子的时候，需要很多很多的木头，如果是普通的树可能要等很久很久，但是这种基因改造的树很快就能满足需求啦。

可是呢，范文里也提到了基因改造树木的不好之处。

这些改造后的树可能会对周围的环境造成不好的影响。

想象一下呀，有一片美丽的森林，里面住着好多小动物，像小兔子、小松鼠之类的。

如果突然种上很多基因改造的树，这些树可能会把周围的水啊、养分啊都抢走。

就像在学校里，如果有一个小朋友总是抢别人的文具，那别的小朋友就没有办法好好写字画画啦。

那些小动物可能就没有足够的食物和水，因为这些基因改造树太“霸道”啦。

而且呀，基因改造树木可能会让一些害虫变得更厉害。

就好比我们玩游戏的时候，本来有一个小怪兽，我们可以很轻松地打败它。

可是突然这个小怪兽吃了一种神奇的东西，变得超级强大，我们就很难打败它了。

基因改造树木可能会让害虫吃了它之后，也变得超级难对付。

这样的话，农民伯伯的庄稼就会受到影响，就像我们种的小花小草，如果有很多很厉害的虫子来吃，它们就长不好啦。

在范文里还提到了一个很重要的点，就是基因改造树木的成本问题。

种这些树要花好多钱呢。

这就像我们想要买一个超级大的玩具城堡，但是这个城堡太贵了，我们可能要存很久很久的零花钱才能买得起。

对于种树来说，如果成本太高，很多地方可能就不会选择种这种基因改造的树啦。

所以呀，从这个托福写作tpo21综合写作的范文里我们可以学到好多东西。

我们看到一个东西有好的一面，就像基因改造树木能快速长大提供木材。

但也有不好的一面，像影响环境、让害虫变强大、成本高。

托福TPO21听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析

托福TPO21听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO21听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO21听力Conversation2文本Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and her public relations professor.Student: Hi, professor Gordin. I really learned a lot from your lecture, the one about analyzing all those different segments of the population. Oh, the official term is audience, right? I never imagine that one company could have over thirty audiences to communicate with.Professor: Yeah, a lot of students are taken aback by this, and some public relations consultants don’t figure it out until they’ve worked in the field a while.Student: Everyone thinks, public relations, eh, PR is easy, but there’s a lot to it. You really got to know what you are doing.Professor: Absolutely. So, Stacy, your email implied that you needed my advice about graduate school?Student: No, since my undergraduate degree will be in public relations, I’ve already decided to get a master’s degree in marketing. Sorry, I wasn’t clear. My issue is, I have got two require courses and two electives. I am trying to figure out which elective course is to take. My advisor suggested economics and accounting, but I am not really sure.Professor: About?Student: Well, I endured accounting and economics in high school and barely stayed awake, they were so ...Professor: Ok, Ok. I hear you. Eh... you say you wanted a master’s in marketing, you have got one more semester tillgraduation. Have you taken any marketing courses yet?Student: No, I figured I’ve got the marketing basis already since I have taken every PR in communication courses offered here.Professor: Well, there’s some overlap between PR and marketing, but there are important differences too. Marketing focuses on selling your product or service, eh, you know, attracting customers through advertising, and also building relationships with customers. That’s what a marketing department does. PR is all about, it involvesrelationships too.That’s why I am saying the two fields overlap. But in PR, you are developing relationships with a wider range of audiences.Student: Right. Like employees, suppliers, the media. I do understand this in theory, but aren’t you still selling your product, just in a different way?Professor: Not necessarily. Ok, do you remember that PR strategy I alluded to the other day? The one our university uses, a strategy that doesn’t overlap its marketing strategy?Student: You mean how the university invites local residents to attend certain lectures and classes for free?Professor: Yeah, this cultivates a sense of good will and helps the university avoid becoming isolated from the larger community. Bringing neighbours into our classrooms is good PR, but it is not marketing since our neighbours aren’t our customers, for the most part.Student: That’s why I want to focus on marketing in graduate school. Wouldn’t having expertise in PR and marketing giving me more career options?Professor: Yeah, but you’ll also want to enjoy your work. Sofor you electives, why don’t you take advertising principles and intro to marketing, which I teach? This way, you’ll find out if marketing is something you really want to pursue. Graduate School tuition is expensive, and these courses will give you a good overview of the field before committing yourself.Student: I wish my advisor had suggested those courses.Professor: Well, I am someone who has worked in both marketing and PR, so I can offer a different perspective than someone who only teaches.托福TPO21听力Conversation2题目1.Why does the woman go to see the professor?A. To ask which elective courses he will be teaching next semester.B. To get more advice on which elective courses to take next semester.C. To find out the difference between public relations and marketingD. To get help deciding whether to pursue a graduate degree in marketing。

新托福口语Task2题目+答案

新托福口语Task2题目+答案分类汇总新托福口语Task2题目+答案分类汇总新托福口语Task 2About education1. Some students prefer to have classes in the morning and do their part-time jobs in the evening. Others prefer to have classes in the evening and do theirpart-time job in the morning. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Personally, I prefer to have classes in the morning and do their part-time jobs in the eveningFirst of all, it is because of the peer pressure. You know, everyone in my class chooses to study in the morning and work at night. I don’t wanna be a weird person and isolated from them. Therefor e I’d like to do the same as them and involve with them.Secondly, I can gain more knowledge and collecting information during the wholeprocess. For example, I am about to have a better understanding of the meaning of life and the importance of dream and future, when I do the part-time job after the difficult classes, so that I’ll pay more attention to my academic performance and work.In addition, according to the Times magazine, the people who do part-time jobs after classes are more likely to achieve success. I certainly wanna be a successful person, so I’d like to choose that.2. Some students prefer to review their notes regularly; while others prefer to review their notes just before test. Which do you prefer and explain why?Personally, I prefer to review notes regularly, it is becauseFirst of all, I can save tons of time. Specifically, it only takes me 30 minutes to remember what I learned if I review my notes frequently. However, if I review just before the test, I will spend 5 hours recalling theknowledge. I think spending the time saved reading history books is the better way for me to learn.Also, it is because peer pressure. You know, everyone in my class chooses to review their notes regularly. I don’t wanna be a weird person and isolated from them. Therefore, I’d like to do the same and involve with them.In addition, according to the Times magazine, the students who review the notes regularly are more likely to get a great score.So, I’d like to review notes regularly.3. Some university students would prefer to study full-time; others would prefer to study part time. Which do you prefer and why?Personally, I prefer to study part-time. It is becauseFirst of all, I can gain more knowledge and information during the whole process. For instance, I can have a better understanding of the meaning of life and the importance of dream and future. So, I will pay more attention to my work and academic performance and also make great contribution to our society in the future.Also, I can make more friends in different background. We could have pleasant conversation not only about the academic information such as history, biology and economics, but also about the international events.In addition, according to the Times magazine, the people who study part-time are more likely to achieve success. I certainly wanna be a successful person, so I’d like to study part-time.4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should alwaysstudy in quiet places. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.Personally, I absolutely agree. It is becauseFirst of all, it is relaxing and quite, so I can concentrate on the books, and get a better understanding of the knowledge I have learned, such as the history of America, the ideas of Plato.Also, I would be able to save tons of time. Specifically, it takes me only 30 minutes to do my homework if I study in a quiet place such as library. However, if I’d like to study with loud music, I will spend at least 2 hours. I think spending the time saved on reading books on history or chemistry is considered to be the better way for me to relax.In addition, according to the Times magazine, the people who study in a quiet place are more likely to get great scores in the exam. I certainly wanna be a successfulperson, so I’d like to study in quiet places.8. Some college students prefer to attend classes regularly because they believe that only in the class atmosphere can they focus on the reading. Others, however, believe that the best reading can only be done outside the classroom. Which reading method do you think is better and why?10 Some students prefer to listen to professors’ lecture in classrooms. Others prefer to study outdoors. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.12. Some students prefer to study in classrooms. Others prefer to study somewhere else. Where do you think students should study in? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Personally, I prefer to study in the classroom. It is becauseFirst of all, it is relaxing and quite, so I can concentrate on the books, and get a better understanding of the knowledge I have learned, such as the history of America, the ideas of Plato.Also, I would be able to save tons of time. Specifically, it takes me only 30 minutes to remember what I want to learn if I study in classroom. However, if I’d like to study in other places such as cafe, I will spend at least 2 hours. I think spending the time saved on doing exercises is considered to be the better way for me to relax.In addition, it is because peer pressure. You know, everyone in my class chooses to study in the classroom. I don’t wanna be isolated from them. So I’d like to do the same and involve with them.13. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Participating in class discussions makes students learn more. Usespecific reasons and examples to support your answer.18. Some students prefer to attend smaller classes with discussion. Others prefer to attend larger class with lecture. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.Personally, I prefer to attend smaller classes with discussion. It is because First of all, I can have an easier access to a huge amount of knowledge and information ranging from history to biology. For instance, it’ll be easy for me to polish my speaking and listening skills by discussion. This can render me a good opportunity to practice my English, and eventually put me in a favorable position in the upcoming competition.Also, I can make more friends in different background. We could have pleasant conversation not only about the academic information such as history,biology and economics, but also about the international events.In addition, during the process of discussion, and I can learn some useful interpersonal skills or personality such as honesty and persistence from others. This can help me cooperate with others more effectively, and offer me moreopportunities to make new acquaintance.With more partners, I could be likely to succeed.5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important lessons can not be learned in classrooms. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.6. Some people think that university students should stay in classrooms. Others think that they should do more practical exercises outside classrooms. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.15. It has been said “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion which source is more important? Why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Personally, I absolutely agree. It is becauseFirst of all, teachers tend to concentrate more on students’ academic performance while if students do somepart-time jobs, they will get more knowledge and practical skills, which can be the most important part in their life. For instance, last year I did a job as a waitress in a small restaurant for a month. After that I got a better understanding of the meaning of life and career and the importance of dream and future. So I will pay more attention to my work and make great contribution to oursociety in the future. As you know, I won’t learn that if I just study in classroom.Also, According to the Times magazine in 2008, the people who do some practical exercises outside classrooms are more likely to achieve success in their later time. Coz they will make more friends in different background and learn various good personalities such as honesty and persistence which play a key role in their life.7. Some students like to take online courses. Others like to take traditional classroom courses. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Personally, I prefer to study online. It is becauseFirst of all, it’s cheap and economical. It can help me save a lot of money coz I don’t need to pay the high tuition fee. Specifically, it only costs 200Yuan to take online courses at home. However, if I want to study at school, it will cost me at least 2000 Yuan. I hate squandering, so I think it is awesome.Also, it is convenient and I would be able to save tons of time. You know, if I’d like to take traditional courses, I will spend at least 1 hour going to school. I think spending the time saved on reading books on history or chemistry is considered to be the better way for me to relax.In addition, it is more eco-friendly. According to the Times magazine in 2008, if there are 50% of students take online courses,9. Some students prefer to go to universities or colleges in their own cities or towns. Others students prefer to go to universities or colleges in new cities or towns. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.Personally, I prefer to go to universities in a new city. It is because First of all, I can make more friends from different cities such as Beijing, Shanghai. We could have pleasant conversation not only about the academic information such as history, biology and economics, but also about the international events. And I can also learn some useful interpersonal skills or personality such as honesty and persistenceAlso, it can definitely help me improve the understanding of the culture, custom, history and many interesting stuff about a different city. The deeper insight into culture can not only broaden my horizon but also help me comprehend the living style and thinking mode of the local people.In addition, it is because of the peer pressure. You know, everyone in my class chooses to study in a new city. I don’t wanna be isolated from them. Therefore Ichoose to do the same thing and involve with them.11. Some students prefer to study in a big city. Others prefer to study in a small city. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.Personally, I prefer to study in the big city. It is becauseFirst of all, I can make more friendsin different background. We could have pleasant conversation not only about the academic information such as history, biology and economics, but also about the international events even some gossip.Also, It is convenient and I would be able to save tons of time. Specifically, it takes me only 10 minutes to go shopping in the big c ity. However, if I’d like to studyin a small town, I will spend at least 2 hours.In addition, According to the Times magazine in 2008, the people who study in bigcities are more likely to achieve success. Coz there are more job opportunities and most leading corporations such as IBM and Microsoft are located there.16. Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.Personally, I think the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. It is because First of all, I can gain more information and practical skills. Parents and friends always have more life experiences such as how to make friends with others, how to make fortune, so that by listening to their advice, I can have abetter understanding of the meaning of life and the importance of dream and future.Also, I can make more friends during the whole process in different background. We can have a pleasant conversation not only about academic information but also about the international events such as economy and policy.In addition to that, I can also learn some useful interpersonal skills or personality from them such as honesty and persistence, which can be the most important part of one’s life.17. Some people think that playing team sports may teach children to be competitive. Others think that playing team sports may teach children to be cooperative. What’s your opinion? Explain why.I think playing team sports can teach children to cooperate with others. It is becauseFirst of all, they can make more friends with the same interest. After the game, they could have pleasant conversation not only about the academic information such as history, biology and economics, but also about the international events.Also, during the process of team games such as football and basketball, their interpersonal skills will improve considerably. This can help they cooperate with others more effectively, teach they how to solve the problems with friends and offer them more opportunities to make new acquaintance. With more partners, they are more likely to succeed in the future In addition, according to the New York Times in 2008, the children who like to play with others are more likely to cooperate with the partners successfully in their later time.So, I think……19. Some students prefer to be taught by experienced teachers who have more teaching experience. Other students prefer to be taught by newly trained teachers who have just begun to teach a course. Which of these two methods do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.I prefer to be taught by an experienced teacher. It is becauseFirst of all, I can have an easier access to a huge amount of knowledge and information ranging from history to biology. For instance, it’ll be easy for me to polish my speaking and listening skills if my English teacher is experienced. This can render me a good opportunity to practice my English, and eventually put me in a favorable position in the upcoming competition.Also, I can abroad my horizon during the whole process. For instance, I can have abetter understanding of the meaning of life and the importance of dream and future. So, I will pay more attention to my academic performance and also make great contribution to our society in the future.In addition, according to the New York Times in 2008, the students who are taught by experienced teachers are more likely to achieve success in their later time. I certainly wanna be a successful person. So I’d like to choose a experienced teacher.20. Some people prefer to keep readinga new book until it is finished. Others prefer to stop reading whenever they lose interest. Which method of reading do you think is better and why?Personally, I prefer to stop reading whenever they lose interest. It is because First of all, it is convenient and I would be able to save tons of time. Specifically, it takes me only minutes to read a book I interest in. However, if I’dlike to keep reading a book until it finished, I will spend at least 5 hours. I think spending the time saved on reading books on history or chemistry is considered to be the better way for me to relax/learn more knowledge.Also, I can abroad my horizon during the whole process. For instance, if I read more books I like. I can have a better understanding of the meaning of life and the importance of dream and future. So, I will pay more attention to my academic performance and also make great contribution to our society in the future.In addition, it is because of the peer pressure. You know, everyone in my class chooses to stop reading if they lost interest. I don’t wanna be isolat ed from them. Therefore I choose to do the same thing and involve with them.21. Some people prefer to read fictions in their spare time, while others prefer toread nonfictions such as historical books and biographies. Which kind of books do you prefer and why? Use examples and details in your explanation.Nonfiction: Information/ magazine/peer pressure+friends23. Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Group: learn/friends/peer pressure22. Some students prefer to search information for a project on the Internet. Other students prefer to search informationfor a project by reading books or academic materials in the libraries. Which of these two methods do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.24. When they have some questions, some students prefer to search the Internet or books for answers. Other students prefer toask their instructors or parents for answers. Which method do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.Internet: time-saving/ cheap/ friends/28. Some people say that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Other people believe that students should spend the whole school dayon academic studies. Which opinion do you agree with? Use specific reasons and detailsto support your answer.27. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High school should teach music and art as other basic science. Use specific reasons to support your answer.29. Some people think that it is necessary for people to learn to play one type of musical instrument. Others don’t. What is your opinion and why? Includedetails and examples in your explanation.30. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more importantfor students to study science and mathematics than it is for them to study art and literature. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.25. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should learn to draw or paint. Use specific reasons to support your answer.减压/Friends/健康/magazine32. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is never too late for old people to go to universities to get degrees. Use specific reasons to support your answer.31. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a college makes a person easier to get successful in career. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.33. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University education should be available to only people who havedone well in secondary school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.34. Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.Friends/information/magazine36. Some people believe that universities should focus their money on academic studies. Others believe that universities should also use their funds to provide students more entertainments such as movies and concerts. What is your opinion and why?减压/ friends/ informationAbout media1. Some people prefer to watch entertainment program on TV. Others prefer to watch education program on TV. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.Entertainment: 减压/friends/information interesting2. Which one acts more influence on you, media (information from TV, newspaper and radio) or people (friends, families or teachers)? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Media: Information interesting/time-saving/减压3. Some people prefer reading newspaper or magazine to get news; others prefer watching television or listening to radio to get news. Which way do you prefer and why? Include details to support you explanation.TV: Cheap/ information interesting/减压About technology1. Some people think that TV plays a positive role in the modern society. Others think that TV plays a negative role in the modern society. What is your opinion and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.Positive: 减压/informationinteresting/2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should not be allowed to take their cell phones into classrooms. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Cell phone should be forbidden in some places. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.I strongly agree with the opinion that cell-phone should be banned in some places like concert halls, movie theaters or in some situations like when you are driving incars or taking a subway, when you are in flight, in classes or meetings.First of all, it has become social etiquette. The cell phone user should know when and where to pick up the cell phone and talk. Though people have personal right to use their phone, the others are not supposed to be involved in the unnecessary disturbance.Also, cell phone can harm a person's health. Brain cancer rates in the US have risen since cell phones were introduced, leading some people to wonder if cell phone usage is the reason for the increase.In addition,4. Some people prefer to keep in touch with their family members and friends by letters and e-mail. Others prefer to keep in touch with their family members and friends by telephone. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Cheap/ convenient/peer pressure5. Some people believe that modern technology has made our lives simpler. Others believe that modern technology has made our lives more complicated. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.Cheap(email)/convenient(airplane)/减压(internet+music+movie)About culture1. Should a city try to preserve its old，historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Protect: Culture(故宫、长城)/减压（颐和园）/学习(Also old buildings come in various styles, which is really good for architecture students to learn. For example, my cousin Tony, who is majoring in architecture, has always told me how great Rome is simply because of the wonderful oldbuildings there, you know the ancient temples, Arena, temples and many more.)2. Some people think that the government should invest money on art and culture like museums and theaters. Others don’t think so. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.减压/friends/学习(The range of museums is fantastic—there are museums of ancient history and archaeology, of natural history and even museums for such things as transport and crime! And because the museums are constantly holding new exhibitions, there is always something different to see.)About life1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better for children to grow up in countryside than in big cities. Use specific reasons to support your answerBig cities: more friends/ convenient/人际关系2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people know more about the modern world than their parents. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.3. Some students prefer to live alone. Others prefer to live with their roommates. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Make friends/cheap/environment4. Some students think that freshmen should share a dorm building with students from other grades. Other students think that freshmen should live in their own dorm building. What is your opinion? Use specific details and examples in your explanation.Make friends with differentbackground/ understanding/ 人际关系4. Some people prefer to get up early in the morning and start the day's work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.Magazine/ time-saving/peer pressure5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.I disagree with the statement. I think universities’ years are the most important time of a person’s life. It is because First of all, people in universities can make more friends with different background from all over the world. They can have a pleasant conversation not only about the academic information such as history and biology, but about the latest internationalevents as well. Which I think is the better way for a person to learn.Also, 人际关系In addition, understanding6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are old enough to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.I totally agree with the statement. It is becauseFirst of all, magazineAlso, peer pressureIn addition,8. Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Cheap/time-saving/environment9. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To be relaxed and unhurried is the best life style for everyone. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Agree：轻松+减压/有时间交更多朋友/健康11. Some people prefer to make friends with people who have different interests to theirs. Others prefer to make friends with people who have similar interest to theirs. Which kind of friend do you prefer for yourself? Why?Friends/information/magazine12. Some people trust their first impressions about a person's character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person’s character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitudedo you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.13. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should always tell the truth. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.About work1. Because of computers, telephones and other technology is now possible for many people to work at home. Some people prefer working at home while others would rather work in an office. Explain which of these you prefer and why. Include details and examples in your explanation.Home: time-saving/减压/隐私Office：friends/人际关系/time-saving2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A university student should do some part-time jobs or internships during his or her summer vacations to finda suitable job after graduation. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Friends/understanding/人际关系3. Some one prefers to focus on one job throughout his or her life; others prefer to change from one job to the other. Which do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.7. Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.Friends/understanding/人际关系4. Some people prefer to work in a group. Others prefer to work individually. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Friends/time-saving/人际关系About leisure。

托福阅读TPO21-2 The Origins of Agriculture

The Origins of AgricultureHow did it come about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers (the Southeast Asian mainland, Southwest Asia, Central America, lowland and highland South America, and equatorial Africa) at more or less the same time? Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages. To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and become sedentary, to develop methods of storage and, often, systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted, this became more difficult with farming. Furthermore, as the archaeological record shows, the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.Traditionally, it was believed that the transition to agriculture was the result of a worldwide population crisis. It was argued that once hunter-gatherers had occupied the whole world, the population started to grow everywhere and food became scarce; agriculture would have been a solution to this problem. We know, however, that contemporary hunter-gatherer societies control their population in a variety of ways. The idea of a world population crisis is therefore unlikely, although population pressure might have arisen in some areas.Climatic changes at the end of the glacial period 13,000 years ago have been proposed to account for the emergence of farming. The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources. There were, however, fluctuations in the climatic conditions, with the consequences that wet conditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.It would appear that the instability of the climatic conditions led populations that had originally been nomadic to settle down and develop a sedentary style of life, which led in turn to population growth and to the need to increase the amount of food available. Farming originated in these conditions. Later on, it became very difficult to change because of the significant expansion of these populations. It could be argued, however, that these conditions are not sufficient to explain the origins of agriculture. Earth had experienced previous periods of climatic change, and yet agriculture had not been developed.It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996), that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity, that is, the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. Cognitive fluidity explains the appearance of art, religion, and sophisticated speech. Once humans possessed such a mind, they were able to find an imaginative solution to a situation of severe economic crisis such as the farming dilemma described earlier. Mithen proposes the existence of four mental elements to account for theemergence of farming: (1) the ability to develop tools that could be used intensively to harvest and process plant resources; (2) the tendency to use plants and animals as the medium to acquire social prestige and power; (3) the tendency to develop "social relationships" with animals structurally similar to those developed with people—specifically, the ability to think of animals as people (anthropomorphism) and of people as animals (totemism); and (4) the tendency to manipulate plants and animals.The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state should not make us forget that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity; a few entered the modern period as hunting and gathering societies. It is anthropologically important to inquire into the conditions that made some societies adopt agriculture while others remained hunter-gatherers or horticulturalists. However, it should be kept in mind that many societies that knew of agriculture more or less consciously avoided it. Whether Mithen's explanation is satisfactory is open to contention, and some authors have recently emphasized the importance of other factors.Paragraph 1: How did it come about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers (the Southeast Asian mainland, Southwest Asia, Central America, lowland and highland South America, and equatorial Africa) at more or less the same time? Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages. To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and become sedentary, to develop methods of storage and, often, systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers alwaysfarming. Furthermore, as the archaeological record shows, the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.O choiceO benefitO ideaO experience2.According to paragraph 1, all of the following are advantages of hunting and gathering over agriculture EXCEPT:O It is a healthier lifestyle.O It requires less knowledge of plants and animals.O It does not need storage capabilities.O It is not tied to any specific location.Paragraph 2: Traditionally, it was believed that the transition to agriculture was the result of a worldwide population crisis. It was argued that once hunter-gatherers had occupied the whole world, the populationstarted to grow everywhere and food became scarce; agriculture would have been a solution to this problem. We know, however, that contemporary hunter-gatherer societies control their population in a variety of ways.some areas.O in theoryO obviouslyO frequentlyO as a result4.Which of the following best describes the way paragraph 2 is organized?O A possible explanation for a phenomenon is presented and then criticizedO Two similar ways of accounting for a puzzling fact are considered.O Early societies' response to a problem is contrasted with contemporary societies' response.O A prehistoric development is first explained in traditional terms and then in contemporary terms.Paragraph 3: Climatic changes at the end of the glacial period 13,000 years ago have been proposed toconditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.O The resources needed by the growing hunting and gathering population increased rapidly once temperatures rose.O Dramatic temperature increases and the simultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need for more resources.O Higher temperatures led to the existence of increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population to grow.O The dramatic temperature increase occurred during the few years when abundant resources allowed the hunting and gathering population to grow.6.According to paragraph 3, the abundance of resources fluctuated sharply after the end of the glacial period becauseO locally abundant resources were quickly exhausted by hunter-gatherersO the temperature became much higher in some areas over othersO different types of plants and animals became available as the climate changedO the amount of rainfall varied radically from one period to the nextParagraph 4: It would appear that the instability of the climatic conditions led populations that had originally been nomadic to settle down and develop a sedentary style of life, which led in turn to population growth and to the need to increase the amount of food available. Farming originated in these conditions.7.It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that it was difficult for people to change from farming back to hunting and gathering becauseO people had become more used to different types of foodO climatic conditions were no longer favorable for hunting and gatheringO populations had become too large to be supported by hunting and gatheringO the farmer's sedentary life was easier than the hunter-gatherer's nomadic lifeO To suggest that climate change had occurred long before the development of agricultureO To argue that climate change does not properly explain why agriculture developedO To challenge the assumption that agriculture developed only in some parts of the worldO To question the claim that climate change occurred at the time when agriculture developedParagraph 5: It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996), that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive fluidity, that is, the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. Cognitive fluidity explains the appearance of art, religion, and sophisticated speech. Once humans possessed such afarming dilemma described earlier. Mithen proposes the existence of four mental elements to account for the emergence of farming: (1) the ability to develop tools that could be used intensively to harvest and process plant resources; (2) the tendency to use plants and animals as the medium to acquire social prestige and power; (3) the tendency to develop "social relationships" with animals structurally similar to those developed with people—specifically, the ability to think of animals as people (anthropomorphism) and of people as animals (totemism); and (4) the tendency to manipulate plants and animals.O complexO creativeO immediateO reliable10.According to paragraph 5, Steven Mithen believes that all of the following contributed to the emergence of farming EXCEPTO the development of a mind flexible enough to come up with solutions to complex problemsO the tendency to use plants and animals to acquire powerO the tendency to emphasize the differences between animals and peopleO the ability to make tools that could be used for the large-scale harvesting of plantsParagraph 6: The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants, discovered the use of metal tools, became literate, and developed a state should not make us forget that others developed pastoralism or horticulture (vegetable gardening) but remained illiterate and at low levels of productivity; a few entered the modern period as hunting and gathering societies. It is anthropologically important to inquire into the conditions that made some societies adopt agriculture while others remained hunter-gatherers orhave recently emphasized the importance of other factors.O investigationO improvementO debateO interpretation12.According to paragraph 6, which of the following is a weakness of Mithen's explanation?O It does not clearly distinguish agriculture from pastoralism and horticulture.O It fails to explain why some societies adopted agriculture while others did not.O It explains the domestication of plants and animals but not the development of metal tools.O It overlooks the fact that illiteracy and low productivity remain problems even todayParagraph 7: How did it come about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers (the Southeast Asian mainland, Southwest Asia, Central America, lowland and highland South America, and equatorial Africa) at more or less the same time? Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. ■Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages. ■To star t with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and became sedentary, to develop methods of storage and, often, systems of irrigation. ■While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted, this became more difficult with farming. ■Furthermore, as the archaeological record shows, the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.13.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sente nce could be added to the passage.Because humans had built up this knowledge as hunter-gatherers, it is logical to conclude that over time they would have become extremely efficient.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.It is unclear why hunter-gatherers in different parts of the world independently developed agriculture at roughly the same time.●●●Answer ChoicesO One obstacle to the transition from a nomadic lifestyle to the sedentary lifestyle required by agriculture was that hunter-gatherers had not developed storage techniques.O It seems unlikely that agriculture emerged in response to a food shortage brought on by a worldwide population crisis that developed once the whole world was occupied.O The origins of agriculture maybe linked to climate change at the end of the last ice age, but this does not explain why earlier climatic instability had not led to agriculture.O The only available means of understanding the social organization and technical abilities of ancient hunter-gatherer societies is the study of contemporary hunter-gatherers.O One recent theory suggests that the invention of agriculture was made possible by the integration of various mental capacities in the human mind.O Little is known about why only some societies that adopted agriculture rapidly progressed to using metal tools, becoming literate, and developing a state.参考答案：1. 12. 23. 44. 15. 36. 47. 38. 29. 210. 311. 312. 213. 114. It seems unlikely ...The origins of ...One recent theory...。

21英语二大作文

21英语二大作文Title: The Importance of Learning a Second Language。

In today's globalized world, the ability to speak a second language has become increasingly important. Learning a second language not only opens up new opportunities for personal and professional growth, but it also allows individuals to gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and perspectives. In this essay, I will discuss the significance of learning a second language and the benefits it brings.First and foremost, learning a second language can greatly enhance one's career prospects. In a competitive job market, employers often seek candidates who are bilingual or multilingual, as they can communicate with a wider range of clients and customers. Additionally, many international companies prefer to hire employees who can speak multiple languages, as it can facilitate business dealings and open up new markets. Therefore, by learning asecond language, individuals can increase theiremployability and access a wider range of job opportunities.Furthermore, learning a second language can also have a positive impact on cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have improved problem-solving skills, greater mental flexibility, and a better ability to multitask. This is because learning a second language requires the brain to constantly switch between languages, which can strengthen cognitive functions and improveoverall brain health. Therefore, by learning a second language, individuals can enhance their cognitive abilities and maintain mental sharpness as they age.In addition to the practical benefits, learning a second language can also provide individuals with a greater appreciation for different cultures and perspectives. Language is closely tied to culture, and by learning a second language, individuals can gain a deeperunderstanding of the customs, traditions, and values of another society. This can lead to greater empathy and tolerance towards people from different backgrounds, aswell as a broader worldview. In a world that isincreasingly interconnected, the ability to communicate and empathize with people from diverse backgrounds is crucialfor fostering mutual understanding and cooperation.Moreover, learning a second language can also be a personally enriching experience. It can open up new opportunities for travel, as individuals can communicatewith locals in their native language and gain a more authentic cultural experience. Additionally, it can also lead to new friendships and connections with people from different parts of the world. By learning a second language, individuals can expand their social circle and develop a greater sense of belonging in a global community.In conclusion, the ability to speak a second languageis an invaluable skill that can bring a wide range of benefits. From enhancing career prospects to improving cognitive abilities and fostering cultural understanding, learning a second language is a worthwhile endeavor. Therefore, individuals should consider investing time andeffort into learning a second language, as it can open up new opportunities and enrich their lives in countless ways.。

托福口语task2模板及解题思路

托福口语task2模板及解题思路口语部分通常会是托福考试四部分(听力、阅读、写作、口语)中最令人恐惧的一项。

托福口语有六道题，task2解题模板有吗?下面就是给大家整理的托福口语task2模板，希望对你有用!托福口语task2模板考试形式:陈述时间：45s准备时间：15s话题：更喜欢的行为，情景或观点;或认为哪种更合理(涉及话题：与学生的日常生活和兴趣爱好息息相关的)要求：说明观点，解释原因(理由，解释，细节和事例)TIPS：一定要对问题的各个部分做出全面的回答一定要对自己的观点十分清楚--------必须先清楚说明认同哪一个观点一定要给出做出某个选择的相应理由-------理由必须支持观点答案没有对错之分这道题也是独立口语,相对第一题来说,这道题要容易一些,因为它不会涉及很宽泛的范围,通常是让同学们从题目中二选一,表达自己的观点.这道题的题目类型和作文题库185非常的相似,所以也会有考生建议用185作为参考,其实和第一题一样,主要以重点机经的题目为主,可以借助口语黄金80题.口语第二题的题目类型越来越倾向于独立作文185题库,所以同学们也可以参考185范文或者网上的例子模版,构建自己的例子和模版.备考托福口语第二题时的15秒怎么利用首先强调的一点是，独立口语是一定要经过准备的，也就是说，在看到题目的时候，同学们不能再花费时间考虑题目怎么展开，而是应该马上就有思路，然后记下来你想说的提纲内容(应该也是背好的). 15秒的时间,主要记录提纲,至于开头结尾的论述,一定要在备考的时候就非常的熟练.举个例子:题目:100年内哪个发明发现最有用15秒笔记:1. get a large amount of information2. decrease pollution -- paper, ink3. provide entertainment -- games, chat回答范例:As far as I am concerned, internet is the most useful tool. First of all, we get a large amount of information from it. Equally important reason is that it decreases pollution, for we won't use paper and ink any more, thus, less trees will be cut down and less river will be polluted. However, these arenot the only two reasons. Internet also provides entertainment such as online games and chat. Therefore, in conclusion, I consider internet is the most useful tool.托福口语task2解题思路应对这样的考题有很多种方式和结构，在这里，我们推荐给大家一种较为简单的结构。

托福tpo21口语题目

托福tpo21口语题目〔托福〕口语只要是听力过关，然后潜心准备1-2个月，达到大多数学校所要求的口语线真的是很简单的。

下面是我为您整理的关于托福tpo21口语题目，希望对你有所帮助。

托福tpo21口语题目Question:Talk about an important news event that happened recently in your country. Describe the event and explain why it was important.托福tpo21口语范文一：The China Tennis Open 2012 concluded in Beijing on 7, October with a wealth of global stars participation. Chinese superstar Li Na managed to defeat the defending champion.I think the meaning is multi-fold. But the most important thing is, just as this years Olympic Game slogan suggests, inspire a generation, I hope it will be a good start for Chinese people to take part in sports and benefit from sports. Especially those young people, who are currently buried inbooks or drawn by work, sports will improve their health and their state of mind.托福tpo21口语范文二：Recently, there was a news about a little girl run over by a van and within 7 minutes, 18 people walked by without giving a hand. Finally she was saved by a scavenger. The news is very important because it shows that our society is apathetic. People arent willing to help others and they fear to help others. This is pathetic. This news sparked an awful lot of discussions on the Internet and increased the public awareness of an issue that we are gradually losing our virtue. Our virtue has been sapped by our apathy. What should we do to save the society and save ourselves?托福口语描述人物类的句子总结托福口语考试题目中，人物类的话题也是考试常见的高频题目之一，想要在这样的题目中有更好地回答，那么在平常的复习中，也要积存相关的素材。

TPO21独立写作

TPO21: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to相处得好people is more important than studying hard in school.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Personally I think, when it comes to the essential requirements for a contemporary college student to succeed in a future job, that both the ability to get along well with people and studying hard in school are crucial. However, I don’t agree with these people who hold t he argument that relating to people well is more significant than working hard in school. I strongly /firmly believe that hard work, which is second to none, is the most critical element for an average student to get a college degree as they scheduled which lays the first stone for their success in a future job.To start with, for fresh graduates, a college diploma acts as a door opener for their very first job career. A bachelor degree is one of the essentially standardized requirements made by employers when they are screening hundreds, if not thousands, of resumes. Undoubtedly, it is particularly momentous for college students to obtain the diploma before they are thought to get ready for entering the workforce and committing themselves. However, it is not easy to get a diploma. In order to get enough credits, we are supposed to complete all the required courses and dozens of projects. I still remember the days and nights when I was sitting in the school library working on research papers trying to meet the deadline. The short yet significant campus years requires one to devote one hundred percent hard work and total dedication. Therefore, hardwork is of essence for one to wade through college years and get his/her degree as was scheduled.In addition, working hard in school cultivates one’s mentality towards study and work other than gives one a desirable academic background. A good mentality is considerably essential for one to get a greater long lasting career success later in life. Take my elder sister as an example. She graduated from Peking University as a first class honor graduate two years ago. She chose to enter one Sino-foreign joint venture accounting firm among other work offers. One of her fellow classmates was admitted to that company as well, who, however, studied sluggishly yet got inconceivable exam results. Nonetheless, their outcomes now are noticeably different. My sister was promoted to be in charge of the Department of Accounting Consultancy Service five months ago. As she acquired a conscientious mentality through her hard working campus years, she demonstrates an intense focus on each task that is assigned to her, which made her superviser feel she was quite trustworthy. Her once fellow classmate though attracted the superviso rs’ attention at first that he showed his cheerfulness to relate to everyone, he would make careless mistakes while he was doing any designated work by his own. Finally, his half hearted mentality thoroughly disappointed the department manager, now he ended up with doing all sorts of leg work for the company.Admittedly, the ability to deal with people is crucial to some extent. In college, we have to interact with our dorm mates, professors, faculty advisors as well as campus staff members with respect to study issues or daily routines. However, relating to people is only among thevarious elements for one to get future career success. Compared with the ability to deal with people, hard work is more fundamental and nucleus for one to be better off.To sum up, I would like to reinforce my standpoint that for success in a future job, hardwork is more important than relating well to people. After all, people assess one’s success through what you have done well and what is your attitude towards work rather than merely how you can relate to different people.。

TPO21综合写作文本与解析

【托福写作备考】TPO21综合写作文本与解析TPO 21阅读材料：Genetic modification, a process used to change an organism’s genes and henceits characteristics, is not being used to improve trees. Through geneticmodification, it is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, growfaster, or withstand adverse conditions. Planting genetically modified trees ona large scale promises to bring a number of benefits.中文翻译：基因改良是通过改变有机体的基因，进而改变其性状的过程。

目前还没有用来改良树木。

通过基因改良，可能创造出具有产量高、生长快、抗逆强特点的树木。

很大程度上，种植基因改良树木可以带来诸多益处。

First, genetically modified trees are designed to be hardier than naturetrees; that it, they are more likely to survive than their unmodifiedcounterparts. In Hawaii, for example, a new pest-resistant species of papayatree has been developed in response to ring-spot virus infections that haverepeatedly damaged the native papaya-tree population. Planting the geneticallymodified papayas has largely put an end to the ring-spot problem.中文翻译：首先，基因改良树木设计得比天然树木更能承受不良环境。

托福写作tpo21综合写作范文

托福写作tpo21综合写作范文一、阅读部分观点及理由。

阅读文章提出基因改造树木（Genetically modified trees）有很多好处。

好处一：更坚韧。

基因改造树木在面对困难时比天然树木更坚强。

比如说，它们能更好地抵抗害虫。

在大自然中，害虫常常会侵害树木，导致树木生长不良甚至死亡。

但是这些基因改造树木由于经过特殊的基因改造，它们体内可能会产生一些对害虫有毒或者令害虫厌恶的物质，使得害虫不敢靠近，从而保证树木健康茁壮成长。

就像给树木穿上了一层害虫看不见的铠甲，超酷的有没有！好处二：带来经济效益。

这些基因改造树木对于种植者来说是个赚钱的好东西。

它们生长速度快，这样就能更快地进入市场被售卖。

比如说，普通的树木可能需要十年才能长到可以用于木材加工的程度，而基因改造树木可能只需要五年。

这意味着种植者可以在更短的时间内收获更多的木材，然后卖掉赚钱。

这就像开了个树木生长的“加速器”，钱就哗啦哗啦地来了。

好处三：对环境有益。

基因改造树木可以让那些被砍伐得差不多的森林重新繁荣起来。

因为它们长得快，能够快速增加森林的树木数量。

这样就可以在一定程度上缓解森林被过度砍伐带来的环境问题，比如水土流失。

树木多了，它们的根系就像无数只小手一样紧紧抓住土壤，不让土壤被雨水冲走。

而且森林面积增加了，还能为很多小动物提供栖息地，这对整个生态系统来说，就像是给一个生病的人注入了一针强心剂。

二、听力部分观点及理由（反驳阅读）听力材料却认为基因改造树木并没有阅读中所说的那么好，存在很多问题。

问题一：并非真正坚韧。

虽然基因改造树木看起来好像很能抵抗害虫，但是它们缺乏天然树木那种多样性的基因。

这就好比一个军队，如果所有士兵都只会一种战斗技能（基因改造树木的单一基因防御机制），一旦敌人（害虫）想出了破解这种技能的办法，那整个军队（所有基因改造树木）就会全军覆没。

而天然树木就不一样了，它们有各种各样的基因，就像一个多功能的战士团队，这个不行了那个还能顶上，所以从长远来看，基因改造树木并没有那么坚韧。

托福口语：TPO21口语Task2参考答案

TPO21⼝语Task2题⽬： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: your friends are the most important influence in your life? Use details and examples to explain your opinion. TPO21⼝语Task2参考答案(范⽂模板)： I disagree that my friends are the biggest influence in my life for two reasons. The first reason is that I can choose who my friends are and when they are my friends. When I was in high school, I had a friend that I used to hang out withevery day, and we were very close, but then he got involved in drugs and areally bad lifestyle. So because of his choices, I made the choice not to be his friend anymore. The second reason is that even though friends can be close to me, they can never be as close as family can. I love my parents and my sisters very much and I have a great deal of respect for them. So if I’m doing something that they think is wrong and they tell me to stop, I’ll listen to them because they’re family. That’s why I disagree that friends are my biggest influence。

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为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO21口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO21独立口语Task2题目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Your friends are the most important influence in your life.
Use details and examples to explain your opinion.
托福TPO21独立口语Task2满分范文：
I agree with the statement friends are the most important influence in my life. Firstly, I learned how to be sociable from friends. When I first entered a company, I was a loner. I didn’t understand the basic social rules. One of my friends, Lillian, gave me a lot of advice about how to behave in front of the boss and what to say in front of colleagues. Secondly, friends are my good-listeners. Many times I felt helpless and painful because of some frustrations, I went to my friends. They would sit in front of me, listening to my complaints or swear words and then comforted me. These are the things that neither my parents or other relatives can give me.
以上是给大家整理的托福TPO21口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。