英语祈使句讲法与练习和答案

祈使句

一、祈使句（ Imperative Sentence）定义：

用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句.祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词

都为一般现在时。

例： Go and wash your hands.（去洗你的手。——命令）

Be quiet, please（. Please be quiet）. （请安静。——请求）

Be kind to our sister. （对姊妹要和善。——劝告）

Watch your steps.（走路小心。——警告）

Look out！Danger！（小心！危险！——强烈警告，已如感叹句）

No parking. （禁止停车。——禁止）

二、祈使句的否定形式

祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t 或 never。如：Don’t you be nervous!你不要紧张 !

以 let 为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s 或 Let us／me 后加 not。如：

Let’s not waste our time arguing about it!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了! Let’s not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说 !

但英式英语也用这样的表达：Don’t let’s say anything about it.三、祈使句的反意疑问句

1．祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用will 。如：

Pass me the book，will you?

2．Let’s 表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：Let’s go for a walk，shall we?

Let’s forget it，shall we?

3．Let me 和 Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。如：

Let us go for a walk， will you?

4．其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的

祈使句，多用“ will you? ”，表一种客气的语气。如：

Listen to me，will you?

Don’t tell anyone about it，will you?

但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won’t you?”表“提醒对方注意”

或表“邀请”。如：

Have a cup of coffee，won’t you?

Come in and take a seat，won’t you／will you?

四、祈使句用于两个重要句型中

1．“祈使句 +and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。

2．“祈使句 +or(else)+表结果的陈述句” 用来叙述否定的条件， or(else)表示“否则；要不然” 。试比较：

Hurry up and you’ll catch the train. (＝If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train．)

Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train．(＝If you don ’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train．)

（一）用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

1． It's an important meeting.______ (not be) late.

2．_____ (look) out!A car is coming!

3．________ (not make) any noise! The baby is sleeping. 4．Let's _______(not say) anything about it.

5．________ (not let) the baby cry.

6．_____ (read) aloud,please.

7．_________ (not talk) with your classmate in the class.（二）选择题

1．Her doctor said:"____ work so hard"

A stop

B Don't

C can't

D No

2．Sindy,____ to be here at 8 o'clock.

A is sure

B is sure that

C will be sure

D be sure 3．_____ him the secret,will you?

A Don't tell

B Not to tell

C Not telling

D No telling 4．Please _____ look outside,look at the blackboard.

A not

B don't

C aren't

D can't

5．John,read the text for us,_____ ?

A does he

B will he

C do you

D will you

6．Let's do it at once,_____ ?

A shall we

B will you

C do we

D do you

7．Let us do it at once,____ ?

A shall we

B will you

C do we

D do you

8．_____ in bed, It's bad for your eyes.

A Not to read

B Don't read

C Don't to read

D Not read

9．____ smoking!

A Don't

B No

C Don't to

D Be not

10. The TV is too loud. Please________.

A. turn it down

B. to turn it down

C. turn down it

D. to turn down it

11. _______ late again, Bill!

A. Don't to be

B. Don't be

C. Not be

D. Be not

12. Please help me carry it, ______?

A. will I

B. will you

C. shall I

D. shall we

13.They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?

A not they

B do not they

C don ’t they

D not to 14 --You

--look rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest? All right.

A Why not

B How about

C Why not to

D why don ’t 15. Just

_________ to him, and you will see how unusual he is! A. to

listen B. listen C. listened D. listening