【全国自考历年真题10套】05844国际商务英语2013年4月至2019年4月试题
自学考试_全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题(05844)
绝密 考试结束前全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码:05844请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上㊂注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂Ⅰ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mE n gl i s h i n t oC h i n e s e :(10%)1.p r i m a r y co mm o d i t i e s 2.e x c h a n ge r a t ef l u c t u a t i o n 3.i n s u r a n c e p o l i c y 4.e c o n o m i c c o n f l i c t5.v o l u n t a r y e x po r t r e s t r i c t i o n 6.m a r k e t f l o o r 7.c o u n t e r -v e i l i n g m e a s u r e s 8.c o n s u m p t i o n p r e f e r e n c e 9.b u l k g o o d s 10.E u r o pe a nP a r l i a m e n t Ⅱ.T r a n s l a t e t h ef o l l o w i ng w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mChi n e s e i n t oE n g l i s h :(10%)11.预付现金12.报价13.唛头14.储备货币15.并购16.长期资本17.关税区18.双边贸易19.即期汇票20.工业化Ⅲ.M a t c h t h ew o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s o n t h e l e f tw i t h t h e e x p l a n a t i o n s o n t h e r i g h t:(10%)21.p r o d u c t i v e a.t od r a ws p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n22.r e v e n u e b.b e c o m i n g d u e23.h i g h l i g h t c.p r o d u c i n g i nh i g he f f i c i e n c y o r i n l a r g e q u a n t i t y24.f o r c em a j e u r e d.t ok e e p f i x e do r u n c h a n g e d25.r e m i t t i n g e.a m o u n t o fm o n e y t h a tm a y b e t a k e no f f t h e f u l l a m o u n t26.m a t u r i t y f.h a p p e n i n g e v e r y a l t e r n a t i v e y e a r27.d i s c o u n t g.t h e s e n d i nyg o fm o n e28.p e g h.b e s t o rm o s t f a v o r a b l e29.b i e n n i a l i.t h e t o t a l a n n u a l i n c o m e o f a s t a t e30.o p t i m a l j.s o c i a l o r n a t u r a l c a l a m i t i e s t h a t t a k e p l a c e b e y o n d t h e c o n t r o l o fa c o n t r a c t i n gp a r t yⅣ.M a k e b r i e f e x p l a n a t i o n s o f t h e f o l l o w i n g t e r m s o r g i v e t h e f u l l n a m e o f t h e a b b r e v i a t i o n i nE n g l i s h:(10%)31.r e v o l v i n g c r e d i t32.c o m p o u n dd u t i e s33.f i r mo f f e r34.n e g o t i a t i n g b a n k35.C F RⅤ.A n s w e r t h e f o l l o w i n gq u e s t i o n s i nE n g l i s h:(20%)36.W h a t a r et h et w oc a t e g o r i e so f i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n v e s t m e n t?M a k eab r i e fe x p l a n a t i o no nt h e m.37.W h y i s i t n e c e s s a r y t oh a v e I n c o t e r m s?38.C a n y o u s u mm a r i z e b r i e f l y t h e f a c t o r s t h a t h a v e c a u s e d t h e c h a n g e s i n t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o ni n d u s t r y?39.W h a t i s t h e q u o t a o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a lM o n e t a r y F u n d?I s i t i m p o r t a n t?W h y?Ⅵ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t oC h i n e s e:(15%)40.I nd o c u m e n t a r y c o l l e c t i o n,t h ee x p o r t e rs e n d st h ed r a f ta n dt h es h i p p i n g d o c u m e n t s r e p r e s e n t i n g t i t l e t o t h e g o o d s t oh i s b a n k,w h i c h f o r w a r d s t h e mt o a n o t h e r b a n k i n t h e i m p o r t e r sc o u n t r y,w h i c hi nt u r nc o n t a c t st h ec u s t o m e r.I nt h ec a s eo fD/P,t h e d o c u m e n t sw i l l n o t b e r e l e a s e d t o t h e i m p o r t e ru n t i l p a y m e n t i s e f f e c t e d.I nc a s eo fD/ A,d o c u m e n t s a r e h a n d e d o v e r t o t h e i m p o r t e r u p o nh i s a c c e p t a n c e o f t h e d r a f t d r a w nb y t h e e x p o r t e r.41.T h e h i g h e s tf o r m o fe c o n o m i ci n t e g r a t i o ni s c a l l e d t h e e c o n o m i c u n i o n w h i c h i sc h a r a c t e r i z e db y i n t e g r a t i o n o ft h ed o me s t i c p o l i c i e s o fi t s m e m b e r si n r e s p e c t of e c o n o m y,f i n a n c e,e t c.i na d d i t i o nt oa b s e n c eo ft r a d eb a r r i e r s,p r a c t i c eo fc o mm o n e x t e r n a l p o l i c y a n d f r e e p r o d u c t i o n f a c t o rm o b i l i t y.T h em e m b e r s o f a n e c o n o m i c u n i o n a r e r e q u i r e dn o to n l y t oh a r m o n i z et h e i r t a x a t i o n,g o v e r n m e n te x p e n d i t u r e s,i n d u s t r y p o l i c i e s,e t c.,b u t a l s ou s e t h e s a m e c u r r e n c y.Ⅶ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t oE n g l i s h:(25%)42.要评估某一市场的潜力,人们往往要分析其收入水平,因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供线索㊂43.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因,保险公司将不予赔偿㊂44.回购贸易和互购贸易之间的重要区别之一在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段时间㊂45.比较优势并不是一个静止的概念,一个国家可以通过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较优势㊂46.其实低收入地区的经济繁荣也会给发达国家带来好处,因为这样他们对这些地区的出口就会增加㊂。
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 国际商务英语试题 课程代码05844
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions: (10%)(i) From English into Chinese:1. usance credit2. certificate of origin3. intermediate products4. compensation trade5. securities(ii) From Chinese into English:6.经济一体化7.母公司8.还盘9.保兑行10.充分就业II. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right: (5%)( )11. preference a. a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports orexports of a commodity( )12. mandate b. a practical advantage given to one over others( )13. quota c. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of acontracting party( )14. affiliate d. authority given to perform a duty( )15. force majeure e. a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part byanother concernIII. Make brief explanations of the following terms and give the full name of the abbreviation in English: (20%)16. gross domestic product (GDP)17. direct exchange rate18. bill of exchange19. insurable interest==============================专业收集精品文档=============================20. ICCIV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (You can only chooseHistorically, counter trade was mainly conducted in the form of (21) ________, which is a direct exchange of goods of approximately (22)________ value between parties, with no (23) ________ involved. Such transactions were the very essence of business at times during which no money —that is, no common medium of (24)________ —existed or was available. Over time, money emerged as a convenient (25)________ that unlinked transactions from individual parties and their joint timing and (26)________ permitted greater flexibility in trading activities. Repeatedly, however, we can see returns to the barter system as a (27)________ of environment circumstances. Conditions that encourage such business activities are (28) of money, lack of value of or faith (29) ________ money, lack of acceptability of money as an exchange medium, or greater ease of transaction (30)________ using goods.V. Translate the following into English: (25%)31. 就出口商的利益而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利。
2009年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试国际商务英语
2009年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1. copyright2. per capita income3. non-discrimination principle4. broker5. exchange rate6. deferred payment7. common carrier8. contracting parties9. validity period10. ad valorem dutyⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11. 比较利益（优势）12. 跨国公司13. 专业化14. 金融市场15. 循环信用证16. 空运提单17. 有价证券18. 间接标价19. 有形贸易20. 发票Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%）21. firm offer a. a subsidiary company controlled by another22. shipping marks b. all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade otherthan tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.23. affiliate c. capacity that can move or be moved easily andquickly fromplace to place24. insurance policy d. of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods andservices25. reimburse e. large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road,rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support economicactivity, esp. industry, trade and commerce26. infrastructure f. pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent27. protectionism g. the theory of the system of developing home industries throughduties and other means imposed on competitive imports28. mobility h. an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer29. non-tariff barrier i. what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol foridentification in the course of transportation30. purchasing power j. a document used for covering possible risksⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English （10%）31. clean credit32. offeree33. intellectual property34. joint venture35. gold reservesⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. What are the 3 major functions of bill of lading?37. Explain briefly the following terms: applicant; opening bank; beneficiary; advising bank; confirming bank.38. What are the advantages of counter trade?39. What is documentary collection? Point out the different types of it.Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （10%）40. The transferable credit is designed to meet the requirements of international trade. It enables a middleman who is receiving payment from a buyer under a documentary credit to transfer his claim under that credit to his own supplier. In this way he can carry out transactions with only a limited outlay of his own funds.A transferable credit may only be transferred once. The second beneficiary may not further transfer it unless there is an express provision to this effect in the original credit. This limit on transferability is intended to prevent abuse.41. A contract is an agreement by which two parties mutually promise to buy or sell some products. In practice, some informal contracts may be reached orally. This is understandable, but may lead to unfortunate consequences. A reasonable exporter should at least insist on strict observance of the legal requirements in case of orders that are not routine transactions. When the goods ordered represent a considerable value, a formal contract embodying all terms of the agreement should be prepared in duplicate; each copy should be signed by both parties, and each party should retain a copy of the contract.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（30%）42. 尽管中国取得了很大的成就，但仍然面临巨大的挑战。
05844 国际商务英语 自考名词解释及课后问答题答案
05844 国际商务英语自考名词解释及课后问答题答案一、What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.1. International business refers to transactions between parties from different countries.There are four major differences between international business and domestic business:1) differences in legal system2) differences in currencies3) differences in cultural background4) differences in natural and economic conditionsPlease explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?2. Commodity trade, i.e exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country forconsumption or resale in another. This kind of trade is also referred to visible trade. Invisible trade is in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. Invisible trade is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business?3. Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference? 4. Foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assetsinvested in in a host country.Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as means of entering a foreign market?5. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.Firms choose licensing because they do not want to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?6. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called thefranchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand name, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?7. Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to anotherwithin a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volum.When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets..What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?8. For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all thedesigning, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.Franchise: an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in certain area.Royalty: money paid to the owner of a copyright fr permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, use, at an agreed percentage of the selling price of the product.Patent: a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.Non-tariff barries: all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.Portfolio: the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.Turnkey project: one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.Budget: an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu, a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.Return: the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.Expertise: expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-howLicensor: a person or company granting a license1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
2023年自考专业(国贸)《国际商务英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年自考专业(国贸)《国际商务英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】We take the liberty____writing to you with a hope to get your best offers for Chinese bicycles.A.toB. inC.ofD.with2.【单选题】The letter we sent last week is an enquiry _______ color TV sets.A.aboutB. forC.ofD.as3.【单选题】Please see to it that the goods we ordered are shipped as soon as the covering letter of credit ______ you.A.getsesC.arrivesD. reaches4.【单选题】We agree to the amendments to the contract _____requested in your letter of May5.A.asB.likeC. to beD. when5.【单选题】Our bank offers minimum interest ______ for seller financing and for loans of cash.A.levelsB.ratesC.basesD.percentage6.【单选题】We regret the need for you to write to us and hope the steps we are taking____the safe arrival of all your orders in the future.A.insureB. assureC.sureD.ensure7.【单选题】On receipt of your instruction, we shall carry out this order ______.A.in returnB.without least delayC.with least delayD.without delays8.【单选题】The importer will go to the wharf and____delivery of the goods.A.makeB.effectC.fulfillD.take9.【单选题】After unpacking the case we found the goods did not____with the original sample.pareB. matchC.agreeD.measure10.【单选题】____shipment, please amend the L/C to allow transshipment.A.RegardingB.CoveringC.ConcerningD. Referring11.【单选题】We cannot accept any fresh orders _______ heavy commitments.A.due toB.owing toC.becauseD.on account of12.【单选题】Because there is no direct steamer from here to your port, we suggest that you____trans-shipment at Hong Kong.A.may acceptB.acceptC.must acceptD. can accept13.【单选题】Many international companies produce a large number of products, often divided into product________.A.categoriesB.mixC.brandsD.lines14.【单选题】We would like to take this ______ to establish business relations with you.A.openingB.opportunityC. stepD.advantage15.【单选题】We have received your enquiry of October 15_____we learn that you are interested in our Sewing Machines.A.from whichB.in whichC. whichD.at which16.【单选题】______our catalogues for your reference.A.EnclosingB. Please find encloseC.Enclosed please findD.Enclosure17.【单选题】No discount will be allowed ____ you could place an order for more than 5,000pcs.A.untilB. exceptC.besidesD.unless18.【单选题】The credit of letter will be confirmed by the Bank of China, Shanghai, that will _______your draft on the documents at sight for the amount of your invoice.A. acceptB.pay forC. receiveD.obtain19.【单选题】To comply with your request, we are quoting you _____.A.as followingB.as followC. as followsD.follow20.【单选题】As we are ____ the market for Table cloth, we should be glad if you would send us your best quotation。
英语本科自考【复习资料】05844国际商务英语(复习要点)
International Business EnglishLesson 1International Business/国际商务Business Knowledge:The major differences between international business and domestic businessA.Differences in legal systems 法律体系B.Differences in currencies 货币C.Differences in cultural backgroundD.Different in natural and economic conditionsThe major types of international businessA. Trademodity trade 商品贸易b.Service tradeB. Investmenta.Foreign direct investmentb.Portfolio investment 证券投资C. Other typesa.Licensing and franchising 许可经营和特许经营b.Management contract and contract manufacturing 管理合同和承包生产c.Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1.Customs area关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goodsproduced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4.Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance,consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises orassets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other thancontrolling.7.Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.8.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the moneylent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity（票据等）到期10.Certificate of deposit大额存单11.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm inanother country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty（许可费）.12.Franchising特许经营: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another,franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13.Trade Mark商标14.Patent专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16.Copyright版权17.Licenser许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos andoperating techniques for royalty.20.Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21.Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one company offers managerialor other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22.Value chain价值链23.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with aforeign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.24.BOT建设、经营和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty 许可使用费28.International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29.Contract manufacturing承包生产30.GATT关贸总协定: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31.International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32.Intellectual property知识产权33.Oil deposit: 石油储备= oil reserves34.the reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35.Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
自考05844国际商务英语(真题-翻译)
1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。
2013年自学考试本科《国际商务英语》复习题
2013年自学考试本科《国际商务英语》复习题国际商务英语复习题库unit one International businessI .Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.commercial risk 贸易风险opportunity cost 机会成本absolute advantage 绝对优势intellectual property 人才资源1.visible trade 有形贸易2. credit inquiry信用调查3. letter of credit信用证4.balance of trade贸易顺差5.sales contract销售合同6.bill of lading提单7.consular invoice领事发票8. draft汇票1.counter-offer 还盘2.firm-offer 实盘3.enquiry 询盘4.offeror 发盘人5. cooperative negotiation 合作谈判6.offer without engagement 虚盘7.acceptance 承兑1.insurance premium 保险费2.certificate of origin 原产地证书3.metric ton 公吨4. inland freight 内陆运费5. FOB Under Tackle FOB 吊钩下交货1. cost structure 费用结构2. cost of production 生产成本3.profit margin 利润率4. selling cost 销售费用1.liner transport 班轮运输2. sea waybill 海运提单3. shipper 托运人4. shipping marks 运输标志5. war risks 战争险6. natural calamity 自然灾害7.total loss 全损8. sue and labor expenses 施救费用1. promotion 促销2.international marketing 国内营销3.product differentiation 产品差异化4. sociocultural factors 社会文化因素5. market structure 市场结构1. financial instruments 金融工具2. crossing cheque 划线支票3. sight bill 即期票据4. commercial invoice 商业发票5. shipping documents 船运单据6. consular invoice 领事发票7. insurance policy 保单1.remitting bank 汇出行2. consignment 寄售3.D/P 即期付款交单4. D/A 承兑交单5. credit assessment 信用评估6. performance guarantee 履行合同保证金7. overdraft guarantee 账号透支保函1.export commodities fairs 出口商品交易会II. T ranslate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.国际商务international business 商业借贷commercial credit 双重征税double taxation 世贸组9.trade barrier贸易壁垒10.tariff关税11.export trade出口贸易12.letter of credit信用证13. transit trade过境贸易14.entrepot trade转口贸易15.certificate of origin原产地证书8.询盘enquiry 9. 还盘counter-offer 10.受盘人offered 11.发盘人offeror 12.虚盘offer without engagement 13. 实盘firm-offer6. 技术转让technological transfer7.内河航运inland water transportation8. 贸易协定trade agreement5.支付货币money of payment6. 硬货币hard 6. 市场细分market segmentation7.营销战略marketing strategy8. 消费者行为customer behavior9. 营销组合marketing mix 10.营销环境marketing environment 11. 目标市场target market12.营销研究market research currency 7.汇率exchange rate 8. 折扣discount9.期货/现货市场spot market9. 物权凭证document of title 10. 清洁提单clean bill of lading 11. 投保人policy-holder 12. 共同海损general average 13. 水渍险WPA ( with particular average)8. 价格术语term of price 9. 本票promissory note 10. 背书endorsement 11. 承兑人acceptor12. 受票人drawee 13. 商业单据commercial documents 14.提单bill of lading 15. 原产地证明certificate of origin 16.海关发票customs invoice10. 保兑行confirming bank 11. 议付行negotiating bank 12. 国际保理international factoring13. 银行保函bank guarantee 14. 光票托收clean collection 15规格、明细单specificationIII. Match the words and expressions on the left with theexpressions on the right(1) budget a. an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for theexclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area( 2) return b. money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at an agreed percentage of the sellingprice of the product(3) portfolio c a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process(4) royalty d. all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.(5) expertise e. the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits forpurposes other than controlling(6) licensor f. one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready foruse, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc(7) patent g. an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated period, usu. a year used asa guide in making financial arrangements(8) non-tariffh. the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment barrier(9) turnkey contract i. expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how(10) franchise j. a person or company granting a licence1 g2 h 3e 4b 5i 6j 7c 8d 9f 10a1 affiliate a. the total annual income of a state2. assets b. distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area3. world company c. to bring under the control or ownership of a nation4.facilities d something that is put in business operation5. revenue e. well-being6. decentralize f. organization structure7.nationalize g. something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service8. welfare h. a subsidiary company controlled by another9. framework i. a multinational whose national identity has been blurred10. input j. total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.1h 2j 3i 4g 5a 6b 7c 8e 9f 10d1.service a. to restrict one's economic activities to certain particular fields2.abundant b. to develop the use of , make the best use of3.specialization c. something done to help or benefit others4. primary d. relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study5.incentive e. a natural gift or ability6. alternative f. that which incites, rouses or encourages a person7. intuitive g. producing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties well8.efficient h. plentiful, more than enough9.endowment i. that may be had, used etc. in place of sth. else10.exploit j. those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials 1c 2h 3a 4j 5f 6i 7d 8g 9e 10b1. drawback a. to make prominent; to draw special attention2. highlight b. duties imposed on goods imported and exported3. bulky c. done by one side or party only4.perishable d. duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods5. tariff e. taking a lot of space, and often of shape difficult to handle6. specific duties f. money sent by postg. duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods7. ad valoremduties8. unilaterally h. easily to go bad9. maritime i. duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when reexported10.remittance j. connected with the sea or navigation1i 2a 3e 4h 5b 6g 7d 8c 9j 10f1. business line a. an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties2. voluntary offer b. the main body of a contract3. contract c. absolutely necessary4. indispensable d. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer5. contract proper e. the party to whom an offer is made6. contractingf. a contract made by the buyerparties7. force majeure g. signatories of an agreement8.purchase contract h. an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer9.firm offer i. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party10. offeree j. goods dealt in by a company1j 2d 3a 4c 5b 6g 7i 8f 9h 10e21.insured a.a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy22.premium b, a person who carries on insurance as a business23.potential loss c. something given or received as an equivalent for loss24. viability d. a combination of funds formed for common advantage25. claim e. the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value26.margin f. loss which is possible to incur27.underwriter g. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract28.consumption h. a person covered by an insurance policy/doc/1dea664d69eae009581becf4.html pensation i. ability to succeed in operation30.pooling j. amount above what is estimated as necessary1h 2g 3f 4i 5a 6j 7b 8e 9c 10d21.purchasinga. to take what is needed from, to exploitpower22. assess b. purchasing power parity23.spur c. considerable desire to make purchase for consumption24.average d. a person or an organization etc. that receives something25. productive e. of person, the public, having the money to buy goods and services26. tap f. of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount27. infrastructure g. to urge or encourage28. recipient h. producing in high efficiency or in large quantity29. consumerism i. to judge an amount or value30. ppp j. large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce1e 2i 3g 4f 5h 6a 7j 8d 9c 10b21.debtor a. the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter22. default b. irregular movement of ( prices, exchange rates etc.)23.dubious c. the sending of money or the money sent24.draft d. financially satisfactory25. remittance e. an unconditional order to someone to paya sum of money26. fluctuation f. doubtful, uncertain, questionable27. drawer g. a person who owes money28. sound h. prohibit, forbid29. ban i. the person to whom a draft is drawn30. drawee j. fail to carry out an obligation1g 2j 3f 4e 5c 6b 7a 8d 9h 10i21. peg a. the stock of gold coin and bullion ( gold bars ) held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standard22.redeem b, to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock23.settlement c. the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies24. exchange rate d. to keep fixed or unchanged25. fluctuations e. the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency26. gold reserves f. equal in value, on the same level27. money g. the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc.28. devaluation h. money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services29. offset i. upward and down ward movements in the economic system30. par j. to set one value against another or as equal to another1d 2b 3g 4e 5i 6a 7h 8c 9j 10f21.quota a. company expansion through the purchase of other business22.VER b. certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right23. acquisition c. a period of time during which tax is not levied24. synergy d. a way by which a place esp. property, can be reached or entered or used25. rebate e. the gain form an investment, either as income or yield or as profit in the sale of the investment26. intellectual property f. benefits from combining different businesses, normally claimed by the promoters of mergers27. tax holiday g. reduce28. return h. a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms29.access i. a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity30. joint venture j. an agreement by a country's exporters or government to limit their exports to another country 1i 2j 3a 4f 5g 6b 7c 8e 9d 10hIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.31.AQSIQ is abbreviation for The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局（简称国家质检总局）p29（卷一）32. international trade, also known as world trade or overseas trade, is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.P1733 Balance of trade indicates the balance between the export value and the import value in a given period.P20（卷四）34.Incoterms is abbreviation for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则P21（卷二）35. A packing list is a document made out by the seller stating the detailed content of each individual shipment.P33 (卷三）IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give thefull name of the abbreviation in English.31.positional bargaining is based on fixed, opposing viewpoints and tends to result in compromise or no agreement at all立场型谈判P46（卷一）32 Contract P65 A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation, which is a binding, legally enforceable agreement between two or more competent parties.33.offer with engagement P61 is the kind of offer, in which the offeror's intention of making a contract is definitely indicated, and under which the offeror cannot revoke or amend what he has offered during the validity of the offer.IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.FOB--- free on board (/doc/1dea664d69eae009581becf4.html d port of shipment)CIF---P83 cost, insurance and freight (/doc/1dea664d69eae009581becf4.html d port of destination) 成本加保险费加运费（指定目的港）CIP--- P89 carriage and insurance paid to (/doc/1dea664d69eae009581becf4.html d place of destination)运费，保险费付至IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.customs duties P112 are taxes imposed by a government on the import or export of products or services, whose cost factors must be taken into account by the exporter when he prices his products.（卷一）marginal cost P115 is the variable costs per unit of the production 边际成本，是增加一单位（output) 随即而产生的成本增加，其等于总成本的变化量除以对应产量的变化量。
4月全国自考国际商务英语试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1. customs area2. roll on-roll off traffic3. amendment4. gold standard5. gilt-edged stocks6. compound duties7. discount rate8. certificate of quality9. national treatment10. cost economiesⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11．世界银行12. 互利贸易13. 保兑信用证14. 装船通知15. 增值税16. 追溯到17. 原产地港口18. 货物保险19. 商品交易会20. 目的地Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21. integration a. the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns22. voluntary offer b. connecting with the sea or navigation123. draft c. producing optimum results for the expenditure24. viability d. combining into a whole25. investment e. a person or an organization etc. that receives something26. export earnings f. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract27. maritime g. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer28. premium h. money earned on the sale of goods to other countries29. cost-effective i. ability to succeed in operation30. recipient j. an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of moneyⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English （10%）31. absolute advantage32. irrevocable credit33. indemnity34. green field strategy35. APECⅤ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）36. Why is it necessary to revise Incoterms in 1990?37. Why was the Special Drawing Right created?38. What contents should be included in a firm offer?39. What does international business refer to?Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （15%）40. In insurance of all risks, the insurer is responsible for total or partial loss or damage to the insured goods arising from natural elements or from sea perils, including all losses caused by accidents to the carrying vessels or craft or by any external causes. But it does not, as its name suggests, really cover all risks.41. The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world, the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. Any international enterprise must bear Triad in mind if they want to be successful in the increasingly competitive world market.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（25%）242.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。
全国自考国际商务英语13年4月试题及答案
全国2013年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题（10%）Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese 1. contracting parties 缔约双方2. board of directors 董事会3. most–favored-nation treatment 最惠国待遇4. sales contract 销售确认书5. usance draft 远期汇票6. non-transferable credit 不可转让信任证7. contract carrier 合同运输人8. port of origin 发航港9. assets and liabilities 资产与负债10. preferential customs tariffs 优惠关税（10%）Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English11. 承包生产承包生产 contract manufacturing 12. 共同市场共同市场 common market 13. 贸易伙伴贸易伙伴 mercantile partnership 14. 结关结关 custorms clearance 15. 加工贸易加工贸易 processing trade 16. 分批装运分批装运 partial shipment 17. 货物收据货物收据 articles receipt 18. 转移风险转移风险 transfer risk 19. 游资游资 floating diminution 20. 关税减让关税减让 tariff diminution （10%）Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right21. assets a. unable to pay debts f 22. tariff b. duties imposed on goods imported and exported b e 23. business line c. the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter 24. drawer d. deficiency c a 25. insolvent e. a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded j 26. commercial intercourse f. total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates, etc. 27. compulsory g. goods dealt by a company i 28. stringent h. strict, that must be obeyed h29. shortfall i. that must be done d 30. provisions j. business dealings between individuals or firms g Ⅳ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English （10%） 31. Customs Union 32. ad valorem duties 33. establishing bank 34. liability 35. VER Ⅴ. Answer the following questions in English （20%）36. What is a counter-offer? What happens to the offer once a counter-offer is made? 37. What is franchising? 38. Can you summarize the categories briefly under current counter trade? 39. What are the advantages of the flexible exchange rate system? Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （15%）40. In assessing the potential of a country as a market, people often look at per capita income. Similar to the case of nati income and national product, per capita income and per capita GDP do not have much difference. So let's use per capita GD to illustrate an economy's income level. It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population. Total GDP indicates t overall size of an economy, which is important in market assessment for durable equipment or bulk goods. Per capita GD reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables. 在评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要看人均收入。
05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料
05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料lesson 1 International Business1.International business国际贸易Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders ofdifferent customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.2.Visible trade有形贸易The form of commodity trade. i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one countryfor consumption or resale in another.3.Invisible trade无形贸易The form of service trade. i.e. transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc.4. Franchise特许An arrangement by which an monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.Franchising特许经营A special form of licensing. A firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logo, and operating techniques for royalty.5. Licensor 给予许可的人A person or a company granting a licenceLicensing许可经营/国际许可A firm lease the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such as trademarks, brand names, patents, copyright or technology.6. Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒All forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Portfolio证券The entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.8. Turnkey contract交钥匙工程One in which one of the parties agree to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.9. Contract manufacturing承包生产A firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain.11. Major differences between international business and domestic business.Ans: Differences in (1) legal system (2) currencies(3) cultural background:language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.(4) natural and economic conditions,12. Major types of international businessAns: (1) trade : A. commodity trade B. service trade(2) Investment :(difference)A. foreign direct investment (FDI外国直接投资)(is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.)B. portfolio investment 证券投资(refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.)(3) other types: A. licensing & franchising(in comparison with the relation between the licenser and licensee, franchiserhas more control over and provide more support for the franchisee.)B. management contract &contract manufacturingC. turnkey project & BOT(making profit from operating the project for a period )13. Why do firms choose licensing as a means of entering a foreign market? Ans:(1) do not have to make cash payments to start business ;(2) receive income in the form of royalty;(3) benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership ormanagement.14. Under what condition is management contract most applicable? Ans: When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers tobe of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation. A foreign companyto operate in the industry without owning the assets.Lesson 2 Income Level and the World Market1. PPP购买力平价--purchasing power parityPurchasing power购买力 of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2.Recipient接受者 a person or an organization etc. that receives something.3. Infrastructure基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications,etc. Needed to support economic activity, esp.industry, trade and commerce.4. GNP---refer to the market value of goods and services produced by the property andlabor owned by the resident of an economy.(国民生产总值)(focuses on ownership of the factors of production)GDP---refer to the market value of all goods and services produced within thegeographic area of an economy.(国内生产总值)(concentrates on the place where production take place),5. Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into 3 categories:(1) high-income countries (per capita income of $9,386 and above):A. OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)B. Rich oil producing countries of the Middle East (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia &Arab Emirates)C. Small-industrialized countries or regions (Israel, Singapore, HK and Taiwan)(2) middle-income countries (per capita income bellow $9,386 but above $765 )A. 6 OECD members ( Czech, Greece, Hungary, Mexico and Turkey )B. -a. Some Latin American countries-b. Some Asia countries (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand)-c. Some South African and oil-producing countries (Libya, Nigeria, Algeria)(3) low-income countries (per capita incomes of only $765 or even less)Include: most African countries, some Asia countries and a few Latin American countries.6. High-income countries often have :(1)good infrastructure (2)high purchasing power (3)advanced technology(4)efficient management(5)favorable environment for trade and investmentA. Offer prime markets for expensive consumer goodsB. Are both attractive sources and destinations of investment7. Low-income countries should not be neglected in international business activities:(1) lower-priced staple goods (2) cheap labor(3) are often rich in resources (4)market is something to be developed8. In what way, GDP&per capita income significant in assessing(评估)the potential of aparticular market:(1)GDP is important in market assessment for durable equipment耐用设备or bulk goods大宗货物, such as grain谷物, steel, or cement水泥. (indicates the overall size of an economy)(2)Per capita income is important when marketing consumer durables.(reveals the average incomelevel of consumers)9. China with a per capita income of over $1,100 is a middle-income countriesthough is was a low income countries just a few years ago.10. The best policy for China to develop business opportunities iswherever advantageous while keeping in mind the key markets.11. Triad ---refers to the 3 richest region of the world ( the United States, the EU and Japan).Quad- --extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadenedgrouping Quad.12.OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作发展组织headquarters in Paris, established in 1963, have 29members (23members are high-income countries& 6 middle-income countries).Lesson 3 Regional Economic Intergration1. Major objective of regional integrationTo better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, countries have signed various agreement to liberalize trade among themselves while putting up barriers toeconomic activities with non-members.,2. The characteristics of a common market(1)Free trade area自由贸易区members of a free trade removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.(different members may have different tariff rates or quota restrictions.)The most notable(largest market)free trade area is NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement), formed by the United Stated, Canada, Mexico in 1991.(2)Customs union 关税同盟by adopting(采取)the same trade policy for all members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing(废除)trade barriers among themselves.(It's impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a detour(以迂回方式)as they possibly do in the case of trade with a free trade area.)(3)Common market共同市场the European Community remained a common market for some years in the pastA. Free movement of goods and servicesB. Adoption of common external trade policyC. Free movement of the factor of production (such as labor, capital, and technology)It's hard to say individual members will always benefit, still less to expect them to enjoy the advantage of factor mobility to the same degree.(4)Economic union 经济同盟A. is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy,finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and freeproduction factor mobility.(not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies,etc.but also use the same currency. )B. the member countries are require to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is erodingthe tradition of the world political system based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.3. The development of EU(the European Union)欧盟:1952---ECSC (the European Coal and Steel Community)For more ambitious integration efforts.1957---EEC (the European Economic Community)Treaty of Rome ---signedAim to realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well asharmonization of economic policies of the member countries.1967---EC (the European community)became a ture common market as evisaged by --the Single European Actformed by emrging EEC, ECSC and EURATOM(the European Atomic Energy Community)1994---EU--the strength of the Maastricht Treaty---12members(6signatories of the Treaty of Rome :France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg +1973. Britain, Island and Denmark + 1981. Greece + 1986.Spain and Portugal)1995---15members (+Austria, Finland and Sweden)1999---use the common European currency for accounting and settlement2002---euro banknotes and coin were put into circulation.,4. The EU is a full-fledged(齐全的) entity.---composed of 20commissioners overseeing 23departments in charge of different affairs.---the commissioners appointed by member governments, but the commissioners are responsible tothe Union instead of their home country.(1)The Council of Ministers is the most powerful institution.A. has the final say on all important mattersB. has the power to pass legislationC. decision are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size.D. different ministers attend the council meetings depending on the matters discussed.(2)The European Parliament is an advisory body with limited power.A. vote EU membership application and trade agreements with non-members.B. believed that will be more powerful in the future.5. APEC(the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经合组织set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in Australian capital Canberra. 1991,attended by 12members.(1) 21members:all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.(2) has a five-layer organization structureA. the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders---held annuallyB. the Dual-Ministerial Meeting ---attended by foreign ministers and ministers in chargeof foreign trade (excluding Chinese Taipei and HK)C.the Meeting for Ministers Responsible for TradeD.the Senior Officials Meetings(SOM)--attended by vice ministers, departmental directors or ambassadors to implement(执行) decisions by economicleaders and ministerial meeting.E.four subordinate committees under SOMmittee of Trade and Investmentb.Economic Committeec.Economic and Technical Cooperation Subcommittee of SOMd.Budget Management Committee(3)the tenet and objectives---(by the Seoul Declaration)" inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system andreduction of regional trade barriers."(4)"the two wheels of APEC"(APEC co-operation concentrates on)A. trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF)B. economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH)6.OPEC(the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)欧佩克--the most influential commodity cartel(account for 40%of the global oil production)(1)composed of 13members established in 1960 with headquarters at Vienna.(2)tried to limit the overall crude oil supply(原油供应) of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices.,Lesson 4 Economic Globalization1. Economic Globalization经济全球化 as a objective trend(1)The basic featurefree flow of commodity, capital, technology, service, :and information in the context for optimized allocation优化配置Major role:A. Giving new impetus动力 and providing opportunities to world economic development.B. Making the various economies more and more interdependent相互依赖and interactive相互影响.(2)The pros and cons: different countries and peoples do not enjoy balanced benefitsA. enables countries benefit from the boom of other countriesB. makes them more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.the best policy for us isto follow the trend closely, availing 利用the opportunities it offer todevelop ourselves and avoiding its possible impacts.2. Multinational enterprise (MNE)跨国企业A business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly), controls and manages assets, oftenincluding productive resources, in more that one country, through its member companies incorporated 有限公司separately in each of these countries.Each member company is known as a multinational corporation(MNC)跨国公司.(1)If the MNC is established as a result of investments by the MNE, whether through the parent or through another of its already established MNC, it is an affiliate MNC.(2)If the MNC is the original investment corporation,it is known as the parent MNC, normally alsothe international headquarters of the MNE.(3)An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to itsinternational headquarters.3. The characteristics of MNE(1)enormous size(2)wide geographical spread (play an important role and why?)A. have a wide range of option in terms of decisions in areasB.take advantage of changes in the international economic environmentC.engage in worldwide integrated production and market giving rise to extensive intra-MNE transactions Bcs: in order to the security of its profits, assets, organization and operations.(3) longevity and rapid growth4. Commonly objective of MNE(needs, goals, and roles)(1) profit ---the profits goal represents the basic needs of the MNEs' shareholders(2) securityA.the security in the short-and-long-runB.the security of the MNE's assets and investmentC.the security of other organizational needsa. a favorable business environmentb. supplies of raw materials and other resource inputsc. effective organizational control and managementd. transportation and communicatione. technical improvementsf. employees including managers(3)as vehicles for cross-border transfer of resources,5. The relationship between MNEs &their host countriesHost government can and do wield power over MNCs located within their territories. MNCs areunder the legal jurisdiction of their host governments which can impose various rules, regulations and laws on the MNCs to the extent of nationalizing all their assets.6. 4 types of MNCs---according to their organization and way of operation(1)multi-domestic corporations a group of relatively independent subsidiaries. ---i(2)the global corporations-iews the world market as an integrated whole. --vPower and responsibility are concentrated at the headquarters that manage production and marketing to achieve theeconomies of scale as much as possible.(3)the transnational corporation--aim to achieve both efficiency and flexibility, the activities and resources are integrated in an interdependent network of affiliates.(4)world company--as their national identities are blurred to a large extent. -Very few companies reached this level of internationalization.When such companies increasing and become dominating, the possibility of conflicts among sovereign states may begreatly reduced. Possibly they will be instrumental to the realization of complete globalization.Lesson 5 --6 International Trade1. International trade国际贸易Is defined as the exchange of goods and service produced in one country with those produced inanother.2. Other reasons for international trade:(1)the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries(2)International specialization国际生产专门化A.absolute advantage绝对利益/绝对优势(理论)---holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms ofresources(capital, land, and labor.)---In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity.parative advantage比较优势(理论)---holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodity, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.---it can make one country better off好转 without making another worse off恶化.The first country should specialize in the production, and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantageis smaller, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater.a.introduced by the English economist David Ricardo.b.not a static静止的 concept.(a)Switzerland--watchmaking (b)the United States--the most up-to-date technology.c.the cornerstone基石 of modern thinking on international trade.3. Primary commodities初级货物those commodities not processed, not only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw material.3. Other bases for trade among countries(1)patterns of demand(2)economy of scale(i.e. The cost advantage of large-scale production)The cost for the production will decrease if the goods are produced on a larger scale.(3)innovation or style,4. The theory of international specialization and other bases for trade seeks to answer thequestion:Which countries will produce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.5. The reasons for complete specialization may never occur(1)for strategic or domestic reasons.a country may continue to produce goods for which does not have an advantage.(2)affected by transport cost.( the cost of transport reduces the benefit of trade,like bulky or perishable goods)(3)protectionist measures which are often taken by governments.6.Tariff barriers关税壁垒---are the most common form of trade restriction.7.Tariff关税---is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area.8.customs area关税区---usually coincides with the area of a country.9.customs union关税同盟---is a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations.10.Import duties进口税--are tariffs levied on goods entering an area.(more common) (1)specificduty--duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods.(2)ad valorem duty--duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods.(3)compound duty--the combination of specific duty&ad valorem duty.11.Export duties出口税--are tariffs levied on goods leaving an area.Coz. Most nations want to expand exports and increasing their foreign exchange earnings.12.drawback退税refers to duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.13.MFN(the most-favoured-nation)treatment最惠国待遇refers to a tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariffconcessions granted to any participating country.It is not really special but is just normal trading status. It gives a country the lowest tariffs only within the tariff'sschedule, is still possible to have lower tariffs.14.Quotas配额or quantitative restrictions数量限制the most common form of non-tariff barriers.A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time.The limits may be in quantity or value terms, and quotas may be on a country basis or global, without reference to countries.15.Visible trade--involves the import and export of goods.16.Invisible trade--involves the exchange of services between countries.(1)transportation service运输服务(2)insurance保险(Lloyd's of London is a leading exporter of this service)(3)tourism旅游(4)immigrant remittance移民汇款 ---refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.,Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000《2000通则》1. The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms(1)eliminate any possibility of misunderstanding and subsequent dispute.(2)to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade termsin foreign trade.2. The revision of Incoterms took account of changes in transportation techniques.3. The 1990 revision of Incoterms was the desire to adapt terms to the increasing use of electronicdata interchange(EDI).It is of vital importance, when using EDI messages, to ensure that the buyer has the same legal position as he wouldhave obtained if he had received a bill of lading from the seller.4. The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms(1)the spread of customs-free zones(2)changes in transportation practices(3)increasing use of electronic communication5.Incoterms 2000E terms---the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises.(1)EXW---Ex work工厂交货F terms---the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.(2)FCA---Free Carrier货交承运人(3)FAS---Free Alongside Ship装运港船边交货(4)FOB---Free On Board装运港船上交货C terms--the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage tothe goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch.(5)CFR---Cost and Freight成本加运费(6)CIF--- Cost, Insurance and Freight成本、保险加运费(7)CPT---Cost Paid To 运费付至(8)CIP---Carriage and Insurance Paid To运费、保险费付至D terms---the seller has bear all costs and risk needed to bring the goods to the country ofdestination.(9)DAF---Delivered At Frontier边境交货(10)DES---Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货(11)DEQ---Delivered Ex Quay目的港码头交货(12)DDU---Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货(13)DDP---Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货6. The substantive实质性的changes made with Incoterms 2000:(1)the customs clearance and payment of duty obligations under FAS and DEQ.(2)the loading and unloading obligation under FCA.,Lesson 8 Business Contract1.Contract合同is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued andforced to make compensation, though most contract do not give rise to disputes.2.Business negotiation交易磋商: A legitimate contract can be either in written or oral form. (1)Oral---refers to direct discussion conducted:A.at trade affairsB.by sending trade groups abroadC.by inviting foreign customers(2)WrittenA. Enquiry询盘 ---is made without engagement on the part of the enquirer.a. made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity,specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.b. a first enquiry should be given, so as to facilitate the exporter's work:(a)how the name& address of the exporter have been obtained,(b)the business line and usual practice of the importer.B. Quotation报价---may be sent by the exporter which should include all the necessary informationrequired by the enquiry. Sometimes, the exporter may make an offer to an importer voluntarily. C.Offer and acceptance发盘与接受a firm offer---is a promise to sell goods at a stated price.The validity period is indispensable必不可少的.is open untill a stipulated time or it's accepted or rejected.made of :a. the time of shipmentb.the mode of payment desiredc.an exact description of the goods: quantity, quality, specifications, packing etc. D.Counter-offer还盘---is a refusal of the offer, the offeree may find part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussions his own proposals. (the price, terms of payment, time of shipment, or otherterms and conditions of the offer.)Trade is considered concluded once an offer or a counter-offer is accepted.3. The necessity of the written contractis prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.4. The types of contracts(1)sales contract--the contract is made by the seller(2)purchase contract--the contract is made by the buyer(3)sales/purchase confirmation--is less detailed than a contact, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. Usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.5. The setting of a contract(1)the title(2)the contract proper合同正文&address of the buyer and the sellerB.details of the commodity transactionC.terms and conditions mutually agreedD. Indication of the number of original copies, languages used, and the validity. (3)The signatures of the contracting parties(4)the stipulations规定on the back of the contractA.the shipping documents requiredB.force majeureC.arbitration仲裁D.claims理赔,,Lesson 9 Modes of Trade1.counter trade对销贸易--is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies. It has become the generic term of describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller's exports to imports from the buyer.original:the pre-World War ? years the Reichsbank agreed to establish a clearing system that permitted traditional trade flows between Germany and the Balkans to continue.development:during the World War ?Britain use bilateral arrangements, West Europe setting up the European Payment Union. Subsequently,the countries of centrally planned economies(like Finland)trade credit accounts between familiar trading partners exchanged unrelated goods.In the 1970s and 1980s, counter trade partner are not necessarily familiar partner and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related.2.The 3forms of counter trade(1)Barter易货贸易The direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time.(2)Counter purchase互购贸易An intertemporal不同时的direct exchange of goods and services. Usually stipulated to be fulfilled within a given period of time.(3)Buyback回购贸易/补偿贸易An arrangement by an exporter or plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output product by these goods as full or partial payment.3.The 2difference between counter purchase and buyback(1)in buyback the goods and services taken back are tied to the original goods exportedbut not in counter purchase.(2)a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than counter purchase.4.The features common to the 3forms of counter trade is bundling互相捆绑.Bundling--means the exchanges of goods and services are bundled together. (the exchanges are implemented either concurrently同时地or intertemporally不同时地)Unbundling greatly facilitates transaction and allow more efficient economic exchanges.5.The 5advantages in counter trade:(1)helps a country to deal with foreign exchange shortages; (2)promote exports;(3)reduce uncertainty regarding export receipts;(4)bypass an international price agreement(5)helps countries with debt problems to import goods.6.The drawbacks of counter trade:(1)concealing the real prices and costs of transactions . (2)company may suffer losses bcz they could not get rid of products of poor quality. (3)be considered as a form of protectionism.7.Other modes of trade:(1)processing trade加工贸易(2)consignment寄售(3)leasing trade租赁贸易(4)agency代理,,Lesson 10 International Payment1.Mutual trust is hard to build. purchase and sale of goods and service are carried out beyond national boundaries, which makes it rather difficult for the parities concerned in the transaction to。
全国2014年4月自考国际商务英语真题
绝密★考试结束前全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上。
注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese（10%）1.economic globalization2.political entity3.free trade area4.banknotes5.legal obligations6.BOT7.trademark8.staple goods9.council of ministers10.parent companyⅡ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11．货号12.初级产品13.销售合同14.混合关税15.货舱16.汇款17.红利18.仲裁19.远期汇票20.证券投资Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21.tap a.to bring under the control or ownership of a nation22.detour b.legal prosecution23.nationalize c.different forms of transportation24.incentive d.the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currenciesw suit e.to take what is needed from,to exploit26.assets f.the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C27.qualifications g.route that avoids a blocked road;deviation28.devaluation petence29.confirming bank i.total resources of a business,such as cash,accounts receivable,real estates,etc.30.modes j.that which incites,rouses or encourages a personⅣ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English（10%）31.gold standard32.insurable interest33.revolving credit34.soft loans35.VERⅤ.Answer the following questions in English（20%）36.What is a letter of credit?37.What are common carriers?38.What is documentary collection?39.The bill of lading has three functions.What are they?Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese（15%）40.Economic activities began with the caveman,who was economicallyself sufficient.As the primitive population grew and developed,the principle of division of labor evolved.One person was more able to perform some activity than another,and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best.41.As a responsible large nation,China has been doing a lot in honoring its commitments for entering the WTO.In a short span of three years,China amended over2,300laws and regulations of which over800were abolished.The overall tariff level was lowered from about40%to10.5%.Non tariff measures including quota and import license were removed step by step.Ⅶ.Translate the following into English（25%）42.中国现在的人均收入为1100美元以上，为中等收入国家，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。
全国自考(国际商务英语)模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)
全国自考（国际商务英语）模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词组英译汉 2. 词组汉译英 3. 配对题 4. 名词解释 5. 简答题6. 句子英译汉7. 句子汉译英词组英译汉1．absolute advantage正确答案：绝对利益解析：absolute意为“绝对的”；advantage意为“好处，利益”。
2．visible trade正确答案：有形贸易解析：visible意为“可看见的，有形的”；trade意为“贸易”。
3．farm produce正确答案：农产品解析：farm意为“农场，农庄”；produce此处用作名词，用以指产品。
4．primary commodities正确答案：初级产品解析：专业商务术语，primary意为“初级的”，commodity意为“商品，产品”，详见教材第五课课后注释4。
5．roll-on and roll-off traffic正确答案：滚装滚卸运输解析：一般可写作roll on—roll off；亦作roll on／roll off。
指(船、渡轮等)滚装滚卸的，“开上开下”式的(指汽车可以开上开下的)，轮渡式的。
6．ASEAN正确答案：东盟(东南亚国家联盟)解析：Association of Southeast Asian Nations，东南亚国家联盟。
7．GDP正确答案：国内生产总值解析：Gross Domestic Product，国内生产总值。
8．European Commission正确答案：欧盟委员会解析：European意为“欧洲”；Commission意为“委员会”。
9．Dual-Ministerial Meeting正确答案：双部长会议解析：dual意为“双重的”；ministerial意为“部长的，内阁的”；meeting意为“会议”。
10．day-to-day running正确答案：日常管理解析：day-to-day意为“天天，日复一日”；running意为“运转，经营”。
国际商务英语 05844 江苏自考 汉译英
LESSON 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS国际商务1. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic countries.2. 随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。
因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3. 其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.4. 国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5. 除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
全国2014年4月自考国际商务英语试题和答案
29. confirming banki. total resources of a business, such as cash, accounts receivable, real estates, etc.
30. modesj. that which incites, rouses or encourages a person
Ⅶ. Translate the following into English（25%）
42.中国现在的人均收入为1100美元以上，为中等收入国家，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。
34. soft loans
35.Байду номын сангаасVER
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）
36. What is a letter of credit?
37. What are common carriers?
38. What is documentary collection?
2. political entity
3. free trade area
4. banknotes
5. legal obligations
6. BOT
7. trademark
8. staple goods
9. council of ministers
10. parent company
Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）
Ⅳ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English（10%）
自考国际商务英语(05844)教材英文课文(2005年版)电子版
自考国际商务英语（05844）教材英文课文(2005年版)电子版LESSON 1 International BusinessTHE STRUCTURE OF THE ARTICLE:了解国际商务与内商务的区别，熟悉贸易、投资及其他际商务活动的含义、特点、运作方式等。
Major difference between international business and domestic business(A. differences in legal systemB. differences in currenciesC. differences in cultural backgroundD. differences in natural and economic conditionsMajor types of international business.A. tradea. commodity tradeb. service tradeB. investmenta. foreign direct investmentb. portfolio investmentC. other typesa. licensing and franchisingb. management contract and contract manufacturingc. turnkey project and BOTTEXT:International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The followings are some major differences between the two:1(The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law.2(Different counties usually use different currencies and theparties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards conversion etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3(Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.4(Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.With the development of economic globalisation, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Someknowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement. International business first took the form of commodity trade, i. e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one countryfor consumption or resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade.Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade(无形贸易). Today, the contribution of service industries of thedeveloped countries constitutes over 60 ,of their gross domestic products and account for anincreasing proportion of world trade.Another important form of international business is supplyingcapital by residents of one country to another, known as international investment. Such investments can be classified into two categories. The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for shortis made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of the investor is located is called the home country. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment(证券投资) refers to purchases offoreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Suchfinancial assets may be stocks , bonds or certificates of deposit. Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds. Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25 thousand US dollars.Besides trade and investment, international licensing andfranchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property (知识产权)to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks (商标), brand names (品牌), patents (专利), copyrights (版权) or technology. Firms choose licensingbecause they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country. However it is not advisable to use licensing in countries with weak intellectual property protection since the licensor may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement.Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in thename of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business. Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Sometimes bonuses based on profitability or sales growth are also specialized in management contracts. Government policies often have a lot to do with management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choiceenabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain, e. g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages from production in host countries. However, loss of control over the production process may give rise to problems in respect of quality and time of delivery.For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basis. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser.BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.2 income level and the world market——————————————————————————————————————————————掌握国内生产总值，国民生产总值，人均收入等概念的含义。
全国自考(国际商务英语)-试卷10
全国自考（国际商务英语）-试卷10(总分：92.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词组英译汉(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.absolute advantage（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：绝对利益）解析：解析：absolute意为“绝对的”；advantage意为“好处，利益”。
2.visible trade（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：有形贸易）解析：解析：visible意为“可看见的，有形的”；trade意为“贸易”。
3.farm produce（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：农产品）解析：解析：farm意为“农场，农庄”；produce此处用作名词，用以指产品。
4.primary commodities（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：初级产品）解析：解析：专业商务术语，primary意为“初级的”，commodity意为“商品，产品”，详见教材第五课课后注释4。
5.roll-on and roll-off traffic（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：滚装滚卸运输）解析：解析：一般可写作roll on—roll off；亦作roll on／roll off。
指(船、渡轮等)滚装滚卸的，“开上开下”式的(指汽车可以开上开下的)，轮渡式的。
6.ASEAN（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：东盟(东南亚国家联盟)）解析：解析：Association of Southeast Asian Nations，东南亚国家联盟。
7.GDP（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：国内生产总值）解析：解析：Gross Domestic Product，国内生产总值。
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34. liability
35. VER
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions in English（20%）
36. What is a counter-offer? What happens to the offer once a counter-offer is made?
important when marketing consumer durables.
41. Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common forms of nontariff barriers. A quota limits the imports
24. drawer
d. deficiency
25. insolvent
e. a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded
26. commercial intercourse
f. total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates, etc.
Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%） 1. contracting parties 2. board of directors 3. most–favored-nation treatment 4. sales contract 5. usance draft 6. non-transferable credit 7. contract carrier 8. port of origin 9. assets and liabilities 10. preferential customs tariffs Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%） 11. 承包生产 12. 共同市场 13. 贸易伙伴 14. 结关 15. 加工贸易 16. 分批装运 17. 货物收据 18. 转移风险 19. 游资 20. 关税减让 Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）
绝密 ★ 考试结束前
全国 2013 年 4 月高等教育自学考试
国际商务英语试题
课程代码：05844
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题 纸规定的位置上。
2. 用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
Ⅳ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English
（10%）
31. Customs Union
32. ad valorem duties
33. establishing bank
population. Total GDP indicates the overall size of an economy, which is important in market assessment for
durable equipment or bulk goods. Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is
Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese （15%）
40. In assessing the potential of a country as a market, people often look at per capita income. Similar to the case of
37. What is franchising?
38. Can you summarize the categories briefly under current counter trade?
39. What are the advantages of the flexible exchange rate system?
05844# 国际商务英语试题 第1页（共3unable to pay debts
22. tariff
b. duties imposed on goods imported and exported
23. business line
c. the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter
27. compulsory
g. goods dealt by a company
28. stringent
h. strict, that must be obeyed
29. shortfall
i. that must be done
30. provisions
j. business dealings between individuals or firms
national income and national product, per capita income and per capita GDP do not have much difference. So let's
use per capita GDP to illustrate an economy's income level. It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its