常用翻译技巧——重复法
重复法Repetition
翻译技巧1Repetition重复法:在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语,以使意思表达得更加清楚;或者进一步加强语气,突出强调某些内容,收到更好的修辞效果。
1.为了明确1.1重复名词例1:We have to analyse and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
例2:He became an oil baron—all by himself.他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。
1.2重复动词The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.这一下不仅震痛了他的手,也震痛了他的肩膀。
1.3重复代词重复代词所代替的名词例1:Peter opened his eyes.They were filled with tears.彼得睁开了眼睛,眼里充满了泪水。
例2:I hope that the discussion will not be too long,for it will only waste time.我希望讨论不要太长,太长了只会浪费时间。
重复作代词主语的名词英语中用物主代词its,his,their等等以代替句中作主语的名词时,翻译中往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词,以达到明确具体的目的。
例1:Happy families are all alike,every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.幸福的家庭总是相似的,不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。
例2:Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.强国有大强国的策略,小国也有小国的路线。
重复强势关系代词或关系副词例1:Whoever violates the law should be punished.谁犯了法,谁就应该受惩罚。
英汉翻译技巧——重复译法
英汉翻译技巧——重复译法使用重复法的目的主要有三个:一是使意义明确,二是使译文生动活泼,三是加强语势。
一、使意义明确1.重复名词1) We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.3)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.4)It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.5)All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize.6)They slipped out into the open,avoiding the kitchen, a spacious separate building.2.重复动词1)People forget your face first, then your name.2)Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and in particular of the spread of wealth and work.3)They talked of things they longed for ─ of meat and of hot soup and of the richness of butter.4)He encouraged this bumptious young ma n to write of his own region──of its bleak poverty and of its women old before their time.3.重复代词1)The country has its romantic feeling.2)However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days.3)Whoever works hard will be respected.4)Choose whatever you like.5)Ignoring a problem does not solve it.6)When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.二、使译文生动活泼1)grotesque2)careless3)in chaos4)street gossip5)rumors6) Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time at sea-side.7) But at that time, she was the only woman there.8) His folks ate up everything he had.三、加强语势1) Would you please please please please please please please stop talking.2)Any my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life.。
英汉翻译--3翻译技巧-重复与避免重复
四. 省去作主语的人称代词
英语中通常每句都有主语。人称代词作主语时,重复出现,但 根据汉语习惯,但前句出现一个主语且后句仍为同一主语时, 后句主语一般省掉,符合汉语的表达习惯。如:
But it’s the way I am, and try as I might , I haven’t been able to change it.
省去冠词
英语有冠词,汉语没有冠词;因此,英译汉时往往要将冠词省略。相反,汉译英 时,多要增加冠词,也就是增译法中的增加冠词。如:
A teacher should have patience in his work. 当老师的应当有耐心。(省略表示类别的不定冠词A) A square has four angles.
一. 省去物主代词 Put your hat on your head. 把帽子戴上。
In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia.
童年时,我就听到许多关于俄国的事情。
He put his into his pockets, shrugged his shoulders and went his way.
正方形有四个角。
A book is useful.
书(是)有用(的)。 A camel is much inferior to an elephant in
strength. 骆驼的力气远不如大象。
略: The horse is a useful animal. /The crocodile is a
Repetition/Avoiding Repetition
12.翻译技巧之重复法
汉语重复表达的特点
4. 汉语缺乏与英语相像的关系代词、关系副词等一类 汉语缺乏与英语相像的关系代词、 的组合手段,所以汉语句子不宜太长。 的组合手段,所以汉语句子不宜太长。汉语里一个 复杂思想,往往分成几个短句来表达。 复杂思想,往往分成几个短句来表达。各短句之间 的关系,有时靠“意合” 有时靠重复。 的关系,有时靠“意合”,有时靠重复。这样才能 承上启下,衔接自然。 承上启下,衔接自然。 他这样教发音简直是误人子弟,误人还误得不浅。 他这样教发音简直是误人子弟,误人还误得不浅。
Television receiver, television, television set, TV, TV set, boob tube, telly, goggle box, idiot box
英语回避重复的主要方法
3.省略法: 省略法: 省略法 即删去句中相同的词语来回避重复。 即删去句中相同的词语来回避重复。 I like strong tea, I suppose weak is better for you. They are not known to retreat. They never have and never will. A: Would you like to go with me, B: Yes, I’d like to. this orange is ripe. I know from its color.
汉语重复表达的特点
1.汉语第三人称“他”、”她“、”它“发音相同。 汉语第三人称“ 发音相同。 汉语第三人称 汉语很少使用指物的“ 而是习惯重复原词, 汉语很少使用指物的“它”,而是习惯重复原词, 或借助指示代词。 或借助指示代词。 2.汉语有一种连锁句,其中很多需要重复词语。 汉语有一种连锁句,其中很多需要重复词语。 汉语有一种连锁句 有什么吃什么,有米饭吃米饭,有馒头吃馒头。 有什么吃什么,有米饭吃米饭,有馒头吃馒头。 3. 汉语的选择疑问句常常需要重复动词。 汉语的选择疑问句常常需要重复动词。 努力提高呢?还是努力普及呢? 努力提高呢?还是努力普及呢?
重复翻译法
Repetition of Verb
英语中一个动词常跟几个宾语或表语,汉译 时往往重复这个动词。 e.g. Is he a friend or an enemy? — 他是朋友还是敌人呢? e.g. They talked about about his family, about his work and about his future. — 他们谈到他的家庭,(谈到)他的工作, 还谈到他的前程。
Repetition of Noun
n.+substitute 英语第二次提到讲过的事物时习惯用代替词表 示替代,汉语则重复原词。这里的代替词包括 物主代词,不定代词,指示代词,同义词,the same, so, do(as), etc. e.g. Jack kicked the ball to Henry and Henry kicked it back to Jack. — 杰克把球踢给亨利,亨利又(把球)踢回给 杰克。
e.g. My room is lighter than the one next door. — 我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。 e.g. If you need any more money, you must get some out of the bank; there is hardly any in the house. — 假如你还需要钱,就得去银行取些出来, 家里没多少钱了。 e.g. The best watches are those made in Switzerland. — 最好的表是瑞士表。 e.g. Happy families also have their own troubles. — 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。
运用对仗
英语对仗句式前后两部分常有词的重 复,译成汉语时应尽可能保持同样词的重 复。 e.g. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. — 以眼还眼,以牙还牙。 e.g. Out of sight, out of mind. — 眼不见,心不念。
翻译的八种技巧
conceit makes one lag behind.
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4. 交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改 的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.
no peace. ❖ 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和
平。 ❖ Nels had it all written out neatly. ❖ 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。
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1. 这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 A large family has its difficulties.
3. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam.
How hard to calm the heart!
(译文2)
翻译常用的八种技巧
翻译常用的八种技巧1.增译法、增词法:amplification2.重译法、重复法:repetition3.省译法、减词法:omission4.词性转换法、词类转移法:conversion5.正说反译、反说正译法:negation6.语态变换法:the change of the voices7.分译法、分句法(OPP:合句法):division8.语序调整法、词序调整法(顺序法与逆序法)inversion增词法译文中添加一些原文没有的词句,表面上看似不忠实于原文,但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有,而是隐含在原文中的。
要知道,从一种语言文字向另一种语言文字转换,有时可以找到一种语言文字在另一种语言文字中的对等词,然而要想全部依赖对等词的转换来达到翻译的目的是几乎不可能的。
不同语言文字所持有的习惯决定了必须根据其中一种语言文字的习惯来适当地增词(或减词)达到语言交际的目的。
如果机械地按照字面意义直译,不仅不能表达原文的思想,精神与形象,而且还会使译文前后矛盾,闹出笑话。
例1 听到你平安的消息,非常高兴!译文: I was very glad on hearing that you were in safety!例2对不起,打扰一下!译文: Excuse me for interrupting you!(增补作宾语的代词you)例3 Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.译文:读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
(译文中添补了谓语和宾语:增词法;重译法)例4:We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.译文:我们不后退,我们从来没有后退过,我们将来也绝不后退。
翻译技巧
2.十种翻译技巧了解完四种翻译方法后,我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧,即重复法(repetition),增词法(amplification),省略法(omission),词类转换法(conversion),词序调整法(inversion),拆译法(division),正说反译和反说正译法(negation),语态变换法(voice changes),引申法和句子成分转译法。
2.2.1重复法(repetition)重复法(repetition)是在翻译中,为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确,文字通顺、流畅,符合目的语习惯的文字,而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。
例子:1. You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary manin the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to th em in German. (重复谓语动词)你一定要问一问家庭主妇们,问一问街头玩耍的孩子,问一问集市上做买卖的百姓,听听他们说些什么,他们如何说,你就如何译;这样他们就会理解,就会明白:你是在用德语和他们讲话。
2. We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)我们必须分析问题,解决问题。
3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分) 无知是畏惧之源,羡慕之根。
4. But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)但我们仍有不足,而且是很大的不足。
翻译常用的几种技巧
Live or die, we shall be loyal to our motherland.
11. 悲莫悲兮生别离,乐莫乐兮新相知
Nothing is sadder than to part for ever;
他们忘记了少数服从多数,下级服从上级,局部 服从全体,全党 服从中央的民主集中制.
6. But we still have defects, and very big ones
但是我们还是有缺点的,而且还有很大的缺点.
四、被定语从句修饰的名词有时在英译汉中要重复.
We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.
我们提倡和平共处的原则,这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。
“缔约国双方保证共同尽力采取一切必要的措施,以期翻止日本或其他直接间接在侵略行为上与日本相勾结的任何国家之重新侵略与破坏和平。一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽其全力给予军事及其他援助.”
二、为了明确,有时需要重复宾语。在英语中,一句话里两个动词共用一个宾语,宾语只在第二个动词之后出现一次.而在汉语中, 这样的宾语要在每个动词后分别出现。定语后的名词亦如此。如:
Is the fruit of so much pain and toil?
15.夜夜长留半被,待君梦魂归来。
Night after night I ever keep for him the half of my quilt,
翻译常用八种方法
考试复习一、英汉互译下列习语(每小题2分,共20分)书上或日常生活中常出现的一些习语或成语。
二、将下列句子翻译成中文,并指出使用的翻译技巧(每小题3分,共30分)翻译常见的八种技巧:1.重复repetition在翻译中被称为一种技巧,自然就不是一般所说的不必要的重复,而是一种必不可少的方法。
可以这样确定它的定义:在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。
这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。
一般说来,重译法有如下三个作用:一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。
We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
2.增译addition/amplification什么叫增译法我们可以这样确定它的定义:为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法。
,yet the parting must come at last.3.减译法deletion和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增必有减。
懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。
它是增译法的反面:以同一个译例来说,在英译汉中如果用增译法的话,在汉译英中自然就要用减译法了。
把第二节中的31个例子倒译的话(即把汉译英改为英译汉或把英译汉变为汉译英),所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。
关于减译法,应该记住这样一条总原则:减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的;换言之,减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词,但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。
此外,冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词,等等,在英语中经常使用,但译成汉语时几乎很少出现,要使译文忠实而地道,减译法就自然必不可少了。
例如:A book is useful.书(是)有用(的)。
英汉互译八种技巧
❖ 6.重复副词 ❖ Nels had it all written out neatly. ❖ 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。 ❖ By and by the building rose up. ❖ 楼房一点一点地升起来了。 7,使用四字词组 Come over and have a rest. 过来休息休息。
❖ 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和 平。
❖ We must enrich our cultural and material lives.
我们必须丰富我们的精神生活和物质生活。 (宾语前有多个定语时,要重复这个做宾语 的名词)
2)重复做表语的名词
This is a victorious conference that shows our unity.
8. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
3. 减译法
❖ 增译法的反面
❖ 减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来, 因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文 中是不言而喻的;
❖ I am looking forward to the holidays. ❖ 我们等待假日的到来。
❖ Much of our morality is customary. ❖ 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
❖ Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
1. 重复法
1. 汉语重复,英译时也重复;
翻译技巧(1)
2. 增译法 (amplification) ⒉ 汉译英时的增词情况
汉译英也有增词法,称“词的增补”。概括起来,汉译英需要增补 的有下列9种情况。 ⑴汉语无主语视情况补出主语 例:接到你的来信,非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” ⑵增补物主代词 例:我用手蒙住脸。 I cover my face with my hands. ⑶增补作宾语的代词 按习惯,汉语常常可省略宾语,但英语里,凡及物动词都得有宾语。 例:请原谅,打断你一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you.
1. 重复法 (repetition) ⑴动词的重复 例:We shall overcome all the difficulties so long as we study hard and in a good way. 只要我们学习努力,而且学习得法,我们就能克服学习中 的困难。 ⑵名词的重复 例: We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 ⑶代词的重复 例: Wherever there is matter, there is motion. 哪里有物质,哪里就有运动。 ⑷关键词语的重复 ⑸应用汉语四字词语和重迭词 例: Nels had it all written out neatly. 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。
2. 增译法 (amplification) ⒈ 英译汉的增词情况 ⑴英语中的某些抽象名词、不及物动词或代词,若单独译出, 有时意思不够明确,可分别在其后增加“状态”、“工 作”、“过程”、“现象”、“方式”、“情况”、“作 用”、“部分”、“化”等词。 例:Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。 Due care must be taken to ensure that the pulse signal itself shall show no irregularities and no interruptions. 应注意保证脉冲信号本身不出现不规则现象和中断现象。
14常用的英语语言表达技巧之重复法
但是, 在某些情况下, 两个词的词义虽然相同或相近, 但词性却不相同, 因 而两词不成并列关系, 而是修饰关系。例如, 在T .Hardy的小说中, 我们可 以看到in placid tranquility这种形容词修饰与其同义的名词的重复法的运 用。类似的例子还有:
a)Whatever may be needed, … can be found in pitch darkness in a matter of seconds .(C .N .Parkinson)
I' ll never see him again, never, never, never !
二.词形, 语音上不重复, 仅在词义上重复, 即两个同义词或近义词的重叠使
用。如果两词词性相同, 其间用and 连接, 而且在许多情况下已成为习语。
1 .名词的重复: a)The marriage of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, launched amidst pomp and pageantry [ˋpædʒəntri]15 years ago, proved calamitous. b)We may suffer setbacks and reverses ,but w e cannot turn back . c)A fleet of taxis are ready to serve their pasengers at their beck and call .
文学家们也常用此法。英国诗人T· Hood 是这样看待和描写黄金的:
Gold ! Gold ! Gold ! Gold !
Bright and yellow , hard and cold , Molten , graven , hammer' d and roll' d , Heavy to get and light to hold.
重译法——精选推荐
重译法Repetition (重译法)1.重复名词⼤家都知道,英语句中若两个动词共⽤⼀个宾语,宾语只在第⼆个动词之后出现⼀次。
⽽在汉语中,这样的宾语要在每个动词后出现,定语后的名词也如此。
重复动词后的宾语名词,如:1). We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
2). Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫⽣规则吧。
重复英语中作表语的名词1). John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,⼜是我的朋友。
2). This has been our position –but not theirs.这⼀直是我们的⽴场——⽽不是他们的⽴场。
3). He became an enterpriser—all by himself.他成为⼀个企业家——⼀个⽩⼿起家的企业家。
重复英语中省略的名词,起到强调和明确的作⽤,更符合译语习惯1). I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.我已经提前完成了交给我的⼯作,他也提前完成了交给他的⼯作。
2). Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.⽆知是恐惧的根源,也是敬佩的根源。
3). Before liberation many people could not read or write.解放前,许多⼈不会读书,也不会写字。
4). But we still have defects, and very big ones.但是我们还是有缺点的,⽽且还有很⼤的缺点。
5). The story of John is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist.约翰的故事是⼀篇充满呻吟和泪⽔的故事,是资本家摧残不幸的⼈们的故事。
翻译技巧之重复法
重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的词是上文刚出现过的词。
翻译和写作一样,本应力求简练,尽量省略一些可有可无的词;但有时为了明确、强调或生动,却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
一、为了明确(一)重复名词1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词1)Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。
2)I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障。
3)They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.他们开始研究敌情,分析敌情。
4)Thus, I wrote "Spain in Arms, 1937" and saw China in revolution in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan.这样,我就写了《战斗中的西班牙(一九三七年)》。
我也看到了一九二五年至一九二七年正在革命的中国,后来又看到了正同日本作战的中国。
2. 重复英语中作表语的名词1)He became an oil baron -- all by himself.他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。
2)This has been our position -- but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
3)John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。
3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用前置词,而将第二个、第三个前置词前的名词省略,翻译时则往往要把此名词重复。
1)The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践,会比从1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
英汉翻译法8——重复法
2.2 练习一参考译文I thought this machine would never be anything but a toy.我原以为这台机器最多只能当成一个玩具,没有什么实用价值。
Early the next morning, after a large breakfast, they departed.第二天一早,饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后,他们便动身了。
第二天一早,他们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐之后,便出发了。
Do as you would be done by.要别人如何待你,你就该如何待人。
(增加原文比较句中省略的部分)This printer is indeed cheap and fine.这部打印机真是物美价廉。
I could knit when I was seven.我七岁时就会织毛衣。
Steel and iron products are often coated lest they should rust.钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈2.2.2重复法一.原文为省略表达:英语中和汉语中都有省略现象。
英语多按语法形式省略以避免重复,多省略所有格、形容词和介词后面的名词,助动词、不定式后面的动词,系动词后面的表语,主谓一致时的主语或谓语等。
译为汉语时,这些省略掉的词语往往要补上,这就构成了汉语的重复。
1.重复名词:例1.Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech.一个民族的贵族倾向和民主倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
(重复形容词所修饰的名词)例2.We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.我们提倡和平共处的原则,这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。
翻译技巧之重复法
翻译技巧之重复法重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语,以使意思表达得更加清楚;或者进一步加强语气,突出强调某些内容,收到更好的修辞效果。
下面就一起来看看具体的重复法翻译技巧吧!翻译技巧之重复法1一、重复名词1.重复英语中作宾语的名词Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或者取消这个会议。
2.重复英语中作表语的名词This has been our position—but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。
3.重复英语介词前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用介词,而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省略,翻译时则往往可以重复这些省略的名词。
The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践,地比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
4.重复定语从句中作先行词的名词英语定语从句常用关系词引导,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(通常是名词、名词短语或代词),一方面在从句中担任一个成分。
汉语中没有关系词,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。
He gave ma a book which I kept to this day.他曾经送给我一本书。
这本书我一直保存至今。
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.昨天下午,我遇到了一位老朋友。
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重复(Repetition)重复(Repetition) 重复(Repetition)重复(Repetition) 重复(Repetition)重复(Repetition) 重复(Repetition)重复(Repetition) 重复(Repetition)重复(Repetition) 重复(Repetition)重复(Repetition)
这属于谓语动词的重复形成排比句。
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例2.It is customary(往往) for adults to forget how hard and dull and long school was.
成年人往往忘了当年上学的日子多艰苦,多乏味,
多漫长。
副词重复形成排比结构。
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A: 听说当年XXX是你的女神?
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汉语常使用重复修辞,形 成大量的平行对偶结构; 而英语则常设法减少重复。
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例1.May is open windows and lilac(丁香) perfume
on the breeze and bees humming at tulips(郁金香).
五月是敞开的窗户,是微风送来的丁香的芬芳,是郁 金香丛中蜜蜂嗡嗡的欢唱。
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B:她长得又好,人又好,又聪明,谁 会不喜欢?
She is so pretty, so nice and so smart.
后面两个so要好还是不要好?
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See the pretty girl in that mirror there: Who can that attractive girl be? Such a pretty face, Such a pretty dress, Such a pretty smile, Such a pretty me!