高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法部分虚拟语气

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法部分虚拟语气

表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

虚拟语气在if条件从句中的使用

【观察】

If I were you, I would go to bed early tonight. 如果我是你，我今晚就会早点睡。If you took the bus, you would be late for the film. 如果你坐公车去看电影，那么你就会迟到。

If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the football match. 如果杰克射进了那个球，我们就会赢得那场足球比赛。

If she hadn’t come, I might have been in trouble. 如果她没来，我可能已陷入困境了。

I could help you if you had difficulty in doing your homework. 如果你做作业有困难，我会帮助你的。

If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雨的话，他们就不会出去。

【归纳】

注意：若从句中的谓语动词是be动词的话，一律用were。

【实践】

1.If he my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.

A. followed

B. should follow

C. had followed

D. would follow

2. 翻译：如果我有足够的钱，我会周游世界。

If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.

翻译：如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。

If I should see / were to see / saw him tomorrow, I would invite him to my house. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时，可以转换成下列形式：

（1）省略if, 用“were, had, should + 主语”。如：

Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。

Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功的。

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 如果明天有会议，我会来。

（2）含蓄条件句。虚拟语气句中不出现if 条件句，而是用介词、介词短语或连词通过上下文表现出来，这时须根据句子的含义判定是用虚拟现在式还是虚拟过去式。常见短语有：but for, without, otherwise, or 等。如：

Without your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded. (= If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have succeeded.) 没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。

But for your advice, I would have failed.(=If you hadn’t given me advice, I would have failed.) 如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。

【实践】

1. the president, I allow the poor students to enter the university for free.

A. Were I; will

B. Am I; will

C. Were I; would

D. Am I; would

2.Without your help, we _________ so much.

A. will not achieve

B. didn’t achieve

C. don’t achieve

D. would not have achieved

Step7. Explorative activity虚拟语气在wish从句中的使用

【观察】

How I wish I knew his address at the very moment. But unfortunately I don’t.

I do wish I had been born 20 years earlier.

I wish it would snow tomorrow.

【归纳】

1. I wish I able to tell him all about it last night.

A. should be

B. were

C. was

D. had been

2. 翻译：如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。

I wish I could fly to the moon some day.

3. I wish I ten years younger.

A. am

B. were

C. will be

D. had been

虚拟语气在would rather后的宾语从句中的使用

To be frank, I would rather you attended the medical conference to be held next Sunday.

I would rather you had told me the information a few days earlier, but you didn’t. 【归纳】

1.翻译：我宁愿现在下雪。

I would rather it snowed now.

2.翻译：我宁愿上周周末呆在家里。

I would rather I had stayed at home last weekend.

VI. Summary