中国地质大学考博真题英语 2003及答案

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考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The detectives kept a ______ watch of the suspect’s house.A．keenB．completeC．thoroughD．close正确答案：D解析：close a.严密的，密切的。

keen a．热心的，渴望的(on)；敏锐的，敏捷的(of)。

complete a.完全的，完整的。

thorough a.彻底的，完全的。

2．The police searched all the houses but found no______.A．connectionsB．cluesC．relationshipsD．ties正确答案：B解析：clue(to)n.线索，提示。

3．Many skiers ______ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．padB．packC．squeezeD．cluster正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说“许多滑雪者成群地围在火堆边”。

D项“cluster丛生，成群”符合题意．如：The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs．(孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。

)其他三项“pad加上垫衬；pack包装：squeeze压榨”都不正确。

4．A substance such as sand may be either fine or ______.A．coarseB．courseC．largeD．tough正确答案：A解析：coarse a．粗的，粗糙的；粗劣的；粗俗的。

英语语言博士试题及答案

英语语言博士试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following English words?A. PhenomenalB. PhenomenologyC. PhenomenonD. Phenomenon答案：B2. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?A. She is more intelligent than what I thought.B. She is more intelligent than I thought.C. She is more intelligent than I had thought.D. She is more intelligent than I thought she was.答案：D3. The phrase "break a leg" is commonly used to mean:A. To cause an injuryB. To wish someone good luckC. To perform poorlyD. To take a break答案：B4. In English, the term "modal verb" refers to:A. A verb that is used to express necessity or possibilityB. A verb that is used to express actionC. A verb that is used to express emotionD. A verb that is used to express a fact答案：A5. Which of the following is an example of a phrasal verb?A. To look upB. To look afterC. To look intoD. All of the above答案：D6. The word "facetious" is an example of:A. A nounB. An adjectiveC. A verbD. An adverb答案：B7. The sentence "The cat is on the mat" is an example of:A. A declarative sentenceB. An interrogative sentenceC. An imperative sentenceD. An exclamatory sentence答案：A8. Which of the following is not a preposition in English?A. AtB. InC. OnD. And答案：D9. The term "passive voice" is used to describe:A. A sentence structure where the subject performs the actionB. A sentence structure where the subject receives the actionC. A sentence structure where the object performs the actionD. A sentence structure where the object receives the action 答案：B10. The phrase "kick the bucket" is an idiomatic expression that means:A. To dieB. To start a new jobC. To move to a new placeD. To give up答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" can be used to describe someone who is very talkative and humorous in a way that is not serious.答案：facetious2. The phrase "____" is used to express that something ishappening right now.答案：right now3. In English grammar, the term "____" refers to the subject of a sentence that performs the action.答案：active voice4. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very careful and precise in their work.答案：meticulous5. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening in the future.答案：in the future6. The word "____" is used to describe a situation where something is not possible or cannot happen.答案：impossible7. The term "____" refers to a verb that is used to describea state of being rather than an action.答案：linking verb8. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening in the past.答案：in the past9. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very enthusiastic and energetic.答案：zealous10. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening at the present moment.答案：right now三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a countable noun and an uncountable noun in English.答案：A countable noun is a noun that can be counted and has both singular and plural forms, such as "apple" and "apples". An uncountable noun, on the other hand, is a noun that cannot be counted and does not have a plural form, such as "water"or "information".2. What is the function of an adverb in a sentence?答案：An adverb is a word that modifies or provides more information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. It can describe how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed.3. Describe the use of the subjunctive mood in English.答案：The subjunctive mood is used to express various statesof unreality such as doubt, possibility, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred. It is often used in conditional sentences, to express wishes, or in certain fixed expressions.四、论述。

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Recent research into aging suggests that the body’s defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题) A．insaneB．infectiousC．foreignD．poisonous正确答案：C解析：本题中，alien的意思是“外来的，不同的”。

四个选项中，foreign的意思是“外国的，异质的”，如：a foreign object in the eye．(眼睛中的异物)。

insane 的意思是“患精神病的，极度愚蠢的”；infectious的意思是“有传染性的，易感染的”。

只有C项符合题意。

2．It is impossible to ______ whether she’ll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．foreseeB．inferC．fabricateD．inhibit正确答案：A解析：本题意为“很难预见她是否能在下个月出院回家”。

A项的“foresee 预见”符合题意。

其他三项“infer推论、推断；fabricate制作、装配，伪造；inhibit 禁止、约束”都不正确。

3．She said some bad things about me, but I have______her for that.A．releasedB．freedC．forgivenD．regretted正确答案：C解析：forgive vt．原谅，饶恕，宽恕。

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Nobody knew how he came up with this______ idea about the trip.(2004年清华大学考博试题)A．wearyB．twilightC．unanimousD．weird正确答案：D解析：本句空格处意为“提出这个怪主意”。

weird的意思是“怪异的”，与句意相符。

而“weary疲倦的：twilight模糊的；unanimous意见一致的”都不正确。

2．An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.(2003年复旦大学考博试题)A．thatB．whichC．whatD．whatever正确答案：C解析：本题也可以用“An old woman was badly hurt in an accident that the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack”来表达。

因此，能代替an accident that的只有what。

3．He thought I was lying, ______ I was telling the truth.A．hithertoB．henceforthC．whereasD．nevertheless正确答案：C解析：whereas conj．(表示对比关系)然而，但是，尽管(如：One arrived promptly，whereas the others were late．Some praise him，whereas others condemn him．)。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：16

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题After （1）about it for several weeks, we decided to do our fieldwork in an area of southeastern Yunnan （2）along the border with Vietnam. The （3）with our choice was that the area was closed, so we had to ask for official（4）to work at the site we had in mind. （5），the officials we spoke with were very open to our arguments, after we（6） our reasons for wanting to do fieldwork near the border, they quickly approved our request. We finished our fieldwork in 2005. Last month I went（7） to the area for the first time and discovered that things have changed greatly （8）then. The area is now completely open and there is a brisk trade in manufactured goods in the towns on sides of the border.句意:在开始工作几个星期后，我们决定去云南东南部一个沿途与越南接壤的地方进行我们的野外作业。

我们选择存在的一个问题是这个地方是关闭的，所以为了去在我们所想的地方作业，我们不得不去寻求官方的许可。

2003清华大学考博英语真题阅读理解真题及其答案

2003清华大学考博英语真题阅读理解真题及其答案Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves。

There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protest ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：15

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题（1）he studied in America for three years, he can’t write English very well. He is rather embarrassed by this now. He （2）he had not spent more time（3） his written English while he was abroad.句意: 尽管在美国学习过三年，但是他的英语书写能力却很差。

这让他现在倍感尴尬。

他说自己在国外时没有在书面英语上花较多的时间。

【答案】1.Although2.said3.on【解析】1.逻辑分析。

空格所在句子与其后面句子构成让步关系。

2.语义题。

用said表示“说过”。

3.固定搭配。

Spend time on 花时间在某事上。

2.填空题She couldn't buy the book anywhere. （1）of the bookstores in Beijing had any copies（2）. They had all been sold as soon as they were put on the shelves.【答案】1.None2.since 【解析】1.语义题。

none of‘ 没有...。

2.逻辑分析。

Since 因为，由于。

3.填空题Mike left （）saying goodbye. Do you think he was upset?【答案】Without【解析】语义题。

句意: 迈克道别就走了。

你认为他是不是生气了？迈克可能是因为生气，于是没有道别就离开了，填without。

4.单选题The Daodejing is almost certainly the most admired ancient Chinese philosophical text among modem Westerners. Since the mid-19th century it has been translated into English dozens of times.问题1选项A.almost certainlyB.ancient Chinese philosophical textC.Since the mid-19th centuryD.English dozens of times.E.没有问题【答案】E【解析】没有错误。

1997-2010年中国地质大学(北京)博士英语答案

（下载后Ctrl+A全选，然后选择字体黑色即可显示）1997-2010年中国地质大学（北京）博士入学考试答案1997年：填空答案preparingan, sincewas, grewlikekindcome/ be; tells; beenheated; temperature; turns/changes enough; Let’sat; hadnext; indespitefeweruntildid; damagehappen; ownsenjoyingabout; billion; atpass; tookwhosesuccessful; succeeded; published; over; information;appeared; an; agreed; stage/phasedoubt; just/ really; reason; act/ work applied; neitherThought; able1998with; anaffectingbetweengrew; ws; has; since; likehwose; whenpassed; took; faileduntil; comes; idearate; situation/problemmission/ aim/purposeroseexperiment rely/depend; Withoutpublished; result; dealtakenreasons; tryingcausing/ bringon; insurprised;would; werewhich; millionwhether;should;held; in; just;attendused/abledoubttaking; managed; began1999whichequal; largerfree/ sparehowever;delay/ postponewhose; in/lyingpuzzled/depressed; tonobody; easy; bothcausing; idea;bringing/ causingwish; decision; find out; taking/ hiring. doubt; these; bad; ask/invite; pressure; before; comes; like; case; were already; other; soongrew;born; moved/assigned; it; from; finished; admitted; became; entered; located; busy; careergot/ receivedregrettailureThough/Although; praise/ congratulate 2000nervus/ worried/ anxious/ uneasy/fidgety/tense; travelled/ flown;worrywrotemay/might; rombetter; missnoisemeasuringtake; passed; done; studyingseeing/ meeting; the /her/ourlikeunlikethan; elementsjam; took; place/office/ factory equipment; imported; learning/ studying; excpt/ save/savingaffected/ decidedwhilecompany/ corporation; world enough; harderused; however/ acutallyexplain; obvious/clearstolen;prevented/stoppedrather; nothinglaughingluckily/fourtunately; balming; things/materials/goodswouldn’t; less; consider/ think2001funrathersurprised/astonishedin; bycausedin; byalthough/though; keptplease/ satisfied/happy; lackfind/consider/think; however; on scientists; working; health/ condition out; return; callcaught; stuck ; way;was;hadtend; moreover/ also/ besides; much/far; problem/ question/difficulty; such; repairing/ maintainingan; killedused. Quitted/ stopped; cancer;seeing/watching; advertisement complicated/puzzling/ boring/ inintelligible/dull; fall;sleepy/ frowsy/ boredattend; reserve;book; trouble/difficulties/ problems/ troublespesrsuading; offered/provided/ given; refused ; nobody; job2002at; tookavoid/ prevent; hitmustbored/ tired; needs/ wantsseen; used; rid; too costly/ expensive in; by ; gettingother/ more; lots; these8. occured/ happened; killed; did; recover as; wasn’t ；foundwhose;tell/ see/distinguish/find; year shouting/crying/ yelling; difficulty/ trouble/ problemneither; government; merge; jobs composed; latteridentify/ analyzeGames; on ; announcement / decision average/ incredibleregret; missedreputation/ name; angry/ surprised/ desappointedcomplain;themselves; against warned; choice/ alternatiive/ option 2003was; grewclearly/ neatly/carefully/ distinctly some; decided/ intendedinvented; centurybymeanschef/ cook; talent/ skillringing; perhapswhoseenough; wonder/ doubtmentioned/described/reported; held unless; exceptions/ optionspopularhwole/hottestangry/ furious/ indignant; of ; stolen smoking; health/lungplaying; minesurprisedbroke; ought; managedsettle; smaller/bigger/largercarried; results/ findingsreally/ comletely/such; would ; on watching; hardly/ couldn’tboth; much/ far/ becominggot/received/read; postponed/ delayed driving; countriesnone; now/ available/stocked/ left2004an; unlikemuch/farcarry/ liftexplained; difficultydamaged; forshallturned/ handedtired/ exhausteditsome; pregnantcharges; check;stayedaboutwore; elseownsinterestedfun; happy; almost/ enarly; untilwritten/ published/ printed; none; trying/eager; happenhad; wonderexpectedoftenanswering;; annoyedgive; the ; expert; lot since/ asloaf; unfortunately/unluckily; cheap reachapply; expired; Embassy; lasts/takes 2005weather; drove closes/ opens; checksmoothly; lessexcept; elsemaytaught;job; facotry/ plantangry; would; tookwith; enjoyed/ funduring; moises/noisejokes; everlooking; wait; findapprove; thing/ habit; chance/possibility/ dangerof; used; prison/ jaildifficulty; complainwent/left; start/ go/ leaveby; workprevent/stop/avoidneither;work/orderplanned; unable; howeversucheachheavier/fattermust;strange/oddfew;reluctant/unwillingwithout; unless2006returning/ back; foran; doubt; howeveroftendifference; look. Are.seem microscope;nakedbefore; excited; staying; blocks ; forward at; regards ;soonidea; anyone/ anybodyavailable; mind ;insteadgettingthose; what/ anything; other; along/in/ on/ downunder; coolertook could; exactly ; contrast; tends left; wanted; wouldn’ttime; had; fortunately; another; charge unusual/strange; wondermaking/giving/delivering; helpbitten/chasedhad/ madehis2007wroteallowed/permitted/ asked/ told reading; agosurprsing/odd/funnytimes; often/frequentlyin; saysdelayed/ postponed; informed/ clear differencespent; wonderno; dealan; enjoy; know;whiletaughtidea/suggestion; goingbigger/smaller/largerattended; sponsored/held; a lasted; followed; some/ all/oneused; injured; still; if/though; since rose; for; dropping/fallingwhose;doing; until; need/havebetter; mightsoonsold; according; story/storey; as2008attendOlympic; heldwhoseaccidentweighimportedsome; about; inlet; carclean; before/unlessbigger; couple; take; onsince; went; taughthit/striken/damaged; collapsed/ damaged; killed/deadan; provide/offer/find; matter补充说明：关于provideProvide 常用的结构是provide sb withsth,和provide sth for sb 如：The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.宾馆为顾客提供一项擦鞋的服务。

中科院考博英语03.3有答案

中国科学院2003年3月博士研究生入学考试试题PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations betwen two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. She is sick. B. she is hungry.C. She was bitten by an ant.D. She had a long bicycle ride.2. A. He's outgoing. B. He's considerate.C. He's successful.D. He's nice to all.3. A. 30 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. 20 minutes.D. 15 minutes.4. A. Take the air. B. Park the car.C. Fill in the from.D. Work on a text.5. A. Apply for a created. B. Get a driver's license.C. Buy an insurance.D. Rent a vehicle.6. Crime need to be treated as a disease.B. Primitive punishment will do no good.C. Severe punishment is necessary to stop crime.D. Primitive people had trouble with crime treatment.7. A. The sale of the old houses.B. The pulling down of the gas company.C. The proposal of the council.D. The building of the office blocks.8. A. He will not be able to marry Cindy.B. He has financial problems.C. He has yet to buy furniture.D. He may not be recovered until the wedding.9. A. Both are having a cold.B. Both are on holidays.C. The woman feels sorry for the man.D. The woman hopes to see the man in the school.10. A. He felt sympathy for the Vietnamese.B. He used to the U S unlawfully.C. He aided illegal immigration to the U S.D. He dealt with 7,000 immigration cases.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be a questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During te pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11. A. To make children grow tall and strong.B. To keep the soul in the body.C. To prevent someone from saying evil things.D. To protect someone against catching a cold.12. A. They think a good spirit may help the child grow.B. They want to drive away the devil “sneeze.”C. They say it as a curse for the child to stop sneezing.D. They consider a sneeze an obstacle to the child's growth.13. A. The German. B. The Italian.C. The Japanese.D. The Hindus.14. A. All peoples are afraid of sneezing.B. Some people never sneeze in their lives.C. The moment of sneezing is very dangerous.D. Many people say prayers when they sneeze.15. A. A lack of available flights. B. Long delays at the airport.C. When flying over cities.D. When flying at high altitudes.16. A. On short trips. B. On long trips.C. When flying over cities.D. When flying at high altitudes.17. A. It fuels with nuclear energy.B. It rests on a cushion of pressurized air.C. It flies above magnetically activated tracks.D. It uses a device similar to a jet engine.18. A. She is poor in school grade.B. Her major is thought to be useless.C. Her job expectation is too high.D. There is now an economic recession.19. A. Undergraduates. B. Experienced M. B. A.s.C. Laid-off workers.D. Liberal-arts majors.20. A Unemployment rate will get still higher.B. There will be no multiple job offers.C. 2 million job seekers will compete for jobs.D. First-time job requirements will be lowered.(THE IS THE END OF LISTENING COMPERHENSION)PART ⅡVOCABULARYDirections: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. His tick convinced none but the most__________.A. credulousB. plausibleC. trustworthyD. feasible22. Many people proposed that a national committee be formed todiscuss__________to existing mass transit systems.A. substitutesB. measuresC. duplicatesD.alternatives23. He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief__________, he is the greatest devil I everknow.A. as a consequenceB. as a ruleC. as a matter of factD. as amatter of routine24. Since she was alone, she opened the door__________, leaving the chainlock fastened.A. warilyB. consciouslyC. audaciouslyD.recklessly25. In the last few minutes the conversation has becomeseemingly__________as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matte r and not survival itself.A. crucialB. centralC. casualD.causal26. I didn't listen to Mom and I was not surprised at the look of__________onher face.A. take upB. complimentC. negligenceD.reproach27. The victims of drunken driving in America over the pastdecade__________an incredible 250,000, with three killed every hour of every day on average.A. take upB. add up toC. count forD. turnout to28. He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in__________for theshootings last week.A. revengeB. reserveC. reverseD.remedial29. These pollutants can be_______hundreds and eve thousands of kilometersby large air masses.A. containedB. conveyedC. contaminatedD.conserved30. There are a few small things that I don't like about my job,but__________it's very enjoyable.A. all at onceB. once and for allC. so much asD. by andlarge31. In a divorce, the mother usually is granted__________of her children.A. supportB. retentionC. perseveranceD.custody32. What he had in mind__________to nothing less than a total reversal of thetraditional role of the executive.A. contributedB. dedicatedC. amountedD. added33. Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations will_______beforea settlement is reached.A. wear outB. come alongC. break offD. endup34. A ________of soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside thebath, the women smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew carefully form the room.A. loafB. barC. stickD.block35. of the 1,200 million people who call themselves Chinese,__________a verysmall number speak what is referred to as standard Chinese.A. none butB. but forC. all butD. butthen36. __________recent brain and behavioral research, Dr. Goleman wrote afascinating book entitled “Emotional Intelligence.”A. Drawing upB. Drawing onC. Putting upD.Putting on37. Many people think of deserts as__________regions, but numerous speciesof plants and animals have adapted to life there.A. remoteB. virginC. alienD.barren38. Attempts to persuade her stay after she felt insulted were__________.A. of no availB. out of focusC. queerlyD. in noway39. Scientists are__________certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent inthe blood of the shark.A. dubiouslyB. virtuallyC. queerlyD.randomly40. The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas,greater enthusiasm, and higher staff__________.A. moralB. mortalC. moraleD. moresPART Ⅲ CLOZE TESTDirections: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to__41__ why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best__42__the privilege of attending.At the least you as students can hope to become__43__in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is,__44__, much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently__45__learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life.__46__this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discipline. Certainly it is not__47__without hard work. Teacher scan guide and encourage you, but learning is notdone passively. To learn is your__48__.There is__49__the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there is__50__level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the __51__of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that you can penetrate to__52__ no one has been before, you research.Commitment to a life of scholarship or research is__53__many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even__54__other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly__55__it.41. A. count B. reflect C. depend D. comment42. A. benefit from B. take over C. apply for D. go through43. A. efficient B. excellent C. professional D. proficient44. A. however B. therefore C. indeed D. after all45. A. if B. because C. so that D. before46. A. Of late B. Consequently C. Afterwards D. At first47. A. acquired B. accomplished C. approached D. assured48. A. ambition B. conscience C. responsibility D. challenge49. A. to B. on C. in D. by50. A. any B. one C. another D. no51. A. ends B. limits C. borders D. edges52. A. elsewhere B. what C. whichever D. where53. A. compatible with B. responsible forC. followed byD. relevant to54. A. shall B. will C. would D. should55. A. declare B. recommend C. advise D. contendPART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSIONDirections: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1Small, pink and very ugly. Hardly the qualities of a star, but they describethe deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent science exhibition in Beijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the rosy rodent was a stunning symbol of the serious strides China is making in the field of biotechnology.China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from the West to aggressively pursue genome research. It's establishing its own centers of technical excellence to build a scientific base to compete directly with the United States and Europe. With a plentiful supply of smart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brink of a boom in China. And in the view of foreign scientists, Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities open to them.For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly with Europe and the U.S. But Asia's other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizing China's potential as an attractive low-cost base to conduct research. These partnerships—and China's advancement in the field of biotechnolo-gy—could help benefit the rest of Asia: China's rapid progress in improving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region. In addition, China is more likely to focus on developing cheap technology that its predominantly poor population—and those of other Asian countries—can afford.There remain, however, serious barriers to the development of a strong biotech industry. Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, weak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to international standards. China is a signatory of the International Bio Safely Protocol, which should mean adherence to global standards governing the conduct of field trials. But some observers are skeptical. “The regulations look goo d, but I haven't met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to,” says a European science analyst.If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never make it to market. But no matter how strict lab test are, other problems lie in wait. For example, there is a number of tasks it would take years to fulfill in the patents office, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little protection if they take a product to market in China.56. The mouse on display is most significant in that__________.A. it has an ear in the shape of a human earB. it is unusually small and ugly as a starC. it is the focus of the media at the exhibitionD. it indicates China's progress in biotechnology57. The phrase “on the brink of a boom” (in boldface in Paragraph 2) in thecontext means __________.A. having an edge in competitionB. in great demandC. on the way to successD. preparing for challenge58. In the field of biotechnology China is thought to__________.A. have been making an utmost effort learning from the WestB. have become a country among the advancedC. have been able to rival the United States and EuropeD. have launched a biotechnological revolution59. Japan, Singapore, and Korea will also be interested in cooperating withChina in biotechnology because__________.A. it has made extraordinary contributions to the worldB. it has large supplies of talents and advanced research centersC. its research focuses on the benefits of all Asian countriesD. its cooperation with the US and Europe proves profitable60. Science analysts are worried that China, in the course of biotech development,__________.A. might refuse to join efforts to adhere to global standardsB. may put too much emphasis on developing cheap technologyC. cannot afford to fulfill years of tasks in assessing patentsD. may not seriously follow the International Bio Safely Protocol61. As implied in the context, the shortcuts that might be taken include__________.A. publicizing recent achievements in the official pressB. the protection of innovators with their productsC. the violation of intellectual-property rightsD. making lab tests as strict as possiblePassage 2The sizzling streams of sunlight were just beautifully glimmering down on the crisp green schoolyard. Such a wonderful day that was. Nothing could have ruined it. Little Jimmy, since it was such a wonderful day, decided to go to the corner store and but himself a little treat. As Jimmy started walking over to the store, clouds flocked over the dazzling sun and the sudden pitch dark meant to trouble. On the other side of the road were three white boys from Jimmy's same school. Upon recognizing Jimmy, the boys ran over the street to where he was.“Hey Negro, what's up?” one of the white boys said.“Did your mamma pack you enough to eat today?” another hooted.“Just leave me alone,” Little Jimmy said.“Oh no, Jimmy's really getting pist off!?” the first boy retaliated.“Just shove off and let me be,” Jimmy answered.It is like this everyday, everywhere, and every time, people suffer discrimination. All because they have differences amongst each other. Different beliefs, different cultures, different skin colors, all of these act like building blocks to help construct what we know as Racism.Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural worlds like Canada and the States. Racism is a part of each every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but the term racism has been used too loosely. Racism has been mutated to such an extent that it could be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse for neglecting.Is that all there is to it? No actually it is just the beginning. Racism is just like warfare in which there is no shelter and nobody is neutral.Nobody is exempt form this demon. He has haunted us with a bitter curse. On one occasion I remember, nobody would play with me at school. I would walk around by myself and ask people if we could play together. Everywhere that I went, like the process of induction, everyone would avoid me, like two inducted poles with the same polarity, they would just shimmer off into the distance and continue to do whatever they're doing. Because of racial differences, they neglect me.People are afraid of the unknown, and it is this difference amongst people that spread rumors and distrust amongst people. Corrupting our thoughts and reasons, we get accustomed to thinking differences are omens. Amongst smaller kids, there is no difficulty in getting them to all play together. Their thoughts are not totally corrupted as others. Probably the demon has no time to bother with smaller children.62. With the description of the weather and Jimmy's feeling about it the authorintends to show that __________.A. what a happy world it is for humansB. what an innocent boy Jimmy wasC. what an unusual thing hat was to happen to JimmyD. what a wonderful world that people have ignored63. From the conversation with the three white boys, we learn that Jimmy__________.A. must have offended them beforeB. was a pleasant boy to be talked toC. was being humiliated for being blackD. must have got used to their behaviors64. According to the author, Racism__________.A. leads to a world with no varietyB. does not see the differences between culturesC. hinders the world's economic developmentD. does not tolerate coexistence of different cultures65. By saying “No doubt, we are all racist” (in boldface in Paragraph 3) theauthor admits that __________.A. we are all warlike by natureB. we all discriminate against other peoplesC. we are all proud of our own race and nationD. we all focus on the difference between races66. To be continued, the passage would probably be followed by a paragraphthat deals with __________.A. how children's thoughts are corrupted by racism as they growB. the author's far more miserable experience of being neglectedC. how the black people should unite to fight against the WhitesD. the education of smaller children to behave pleasantly to each other67. Which of the following can best describe the tone of teh passage?A. Provocative.B. Indignant.C. Sentimental.D. Sarcastic.Passage 3This week marks the 10th anniversary of the Alar apple scare, in which many American consumers were driven into a panic following the release of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemical Alar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was disseminated through a PR (Problem Report) campaign and bypassed any legitimate form of scientific peer review. Introduced to the American public by CBS“60 Minutes,”the unsubstantiated claims in the report led some school disricts to remove apples from their school lunch programs and unduly frightened conscientious parents trying to develop good eating habits for their children.Last month,Consumers Union released a report warning consumers of the perils of consuming many fruits and vegetables that frequentlycontained“unsafe” levels of pesticide residues. This was especially true for children, they claimed. Like its predecessor 10 years earlier, the Consumers Union report received no legitimate scientific peer review and the public's first exposure to it was through news coverage.Not only does such reporting potentially drive children for consuming healthful fruits and vegetables, the conclusions were based on a misleading interpretation of what constitutes a “safe” level of exposure. Briefly, the authors used values known as the “chronic reference doses.” set by the U. S. environmental Protection Agency, as their barometers of safely. Used appropriately, these levels represent the maximum amount of pesticide that could be consumed daily for life without concern. For a 70-year lifetime, for example, consumers would have to ingest this average amount of pesticide every day for more than 25,000 days. It is clear, as the report points out, that there are days on which kids may be exposed to more; it is also clear that there are many more days when exposure is zero. Had the authors more appropriately calculated the cumulative exposures for which the safety standards are meant to apply, there would have been no risks and no warnings.Parents should feel proud, rather than guilty, of providing fruits and vegetables for their children. It is well established that a diet rich in such foods decreases the risk of heart disease and cancer. Such benefits dramatically overwhelm the theoretical risks of tiny amounts of pesticides in food. So keep serving up the peaches, apples, squash, grapes and pears.68. In the Alar apple scare, many Americans were frightened because__________.A. scientists warned that apples were dangerousB. many school children became ill after eating applesC. it was reported that apples were harmful to healthD. apples were discovered to have too much pesticide69. The warning message about the Alar apple was given__________.A. by Consumers UnionB. by a health centerC. through an news agencyD. through the government70. The last month report parallels that on the Alar apple scare in that__________.A. neither really caused worry among the publicB. neither underwent a scientific peer reviewC. neither provided statistical supportsD. neither aimed for the public good71. The “chronic reference doses” (in boldfac e in Paragraph 3) refer to__________.A. the safe levels of pesticide exposureB. the amount of fruits one can safely eatC. one's digestive capacity for fruitsD. health values of fruits and vegetables72. With regard to the pesticides in food, this passage seems to argue that__________.A. parents should keeps their children from the food with pesticidesB. they should be applied to fruits and vegetables wit cautionC. more research needs to be done on their harmfulness to healthD. they are not as threatening as said to children most of the time73. The primary purpose of this passage is to explain that__________.A. not all reports on food are scientifically soundB. it is important for the public to know the risks of pesticidesC. vegetables and fruits can be harmful to children's healthD. there should be no public concern over pesticidesPassage 4Abortion. The word alone causes civil conversation to flee the room. This is largely because the prochoice and pro-life positions are being defined by their extremes, by those who scream accusations instead of arguments.More reasonable voices and concerns, on both sides of the fence, are given little attention.For example, pro-life extremists seem unwilling to draw distinctions between some abortions and others, such as those resulting from rape with an underage child. They would make no exception in the recent real-life case of a woman who discovered in her fifth month that her baby would be born dead due to severe disabilities.On the other hand, pro-choice extremists within feminism insist on holding inconsistent positions. The pregnant woman has an unquestionable right to abort, they claim. Yet if the biological father has no say whatsoever over the woman's choice, is it reasonable to impose legal obligations upon him for child support? Can absolute legal obligation adhere without some sort of corresponding legal rights?The only hope for progress in the abortion dialogue lies in the great excluded middle, in the voices of average people who see something wrong with a young girl forced to bear the baby of a rapist.Any commentary on abortion should include a statement of the writer's position. I represent what seems to b ea growing“middle ground” in pro-choice opinion. Legally, I believe in the right of every human being to medically control everything under his or her own skin. Many things people have a legal right to do, however, seem clearly wrong to me: adultery, lying to friends, walking past someone who is bleeding on the street. Some forms of abortion fall into that category. Morally speaking, my doubts have become so extreme that I could not undergo the procedure past the first three months and I would attempt to dissuade friends from doing so.Fanatics on both sides are using reprehensible and deceitful tactics. An honest dialogue on abortion must start by re-setting the stage, by denouncing the approaches that block communication.74. According to the passage, the pro-life and pro-choice positions on abortion are__________.A. complementary to each otherB. opposed to each otherC. similar in natureD. reconcilable in a way75. To a pro-life extremist,__________.A. all babies should be carried to termB. babies resulting form rape should not be bornC. deformed babies can be aborted when detectedD. an underage girl has no right to give birth76. According to the pro-choice position,__________.A. a pregnant woman cannot abort her baby if its father arees to keep itB. a pregnant woman has an absolute right of choice over an abortionC. the baby's father also has a say over its mother's choice of abortionD. the baby's father has an unalienable obligation to support the baby77. Who would insist that the baby be born whether or not it is the child of a rapist?A. The authorB. Average peopleC. A pro-choice advocateD. A pro-life extremist78. The author doubts the legal right to lie to friends as well as the one to__________.A. abort a fetus in its fifth monthB. view the photos of late-term abortionC. give birth to a baby in one's teenageD. dispose of what ever under one'sskin79. The author, as a “middle ground” person,__________.A. actually holds a mild pro-life opinionB. proposes that a rapist's baby never be bornC. advocates a serious dialogue on abortionD. denies the principle “a woman's body, a woman's right”Passage 5In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the worst from its people and institutions, and its experts focus exclusively on faults, hope dies. Too many people spend too much tie looking down rather than up, finding fault with their country's political institutions, economic system, educational establishment, religious organizations, and—worst of all —with each other.Faultfinding expends so much negative energy that nothing is left over for positive action. It takes courage and strength to solve the genuine problems that afflict every society. Sure, there well always be things that need fixing. But the question is, Do you want to spend your time and energy tearing things down or building them up?The staging of a Broadway show could illustrate my point. Let's say a new production is about to open. A playwright has polished the script, investor have put up the money, and the theater ahs been rented. A director ahs been chosen, actors have been auditioned and selected, and the cast has been rehearsing for weeks. Set, lighting, and sound engineers have been hard at work. By the time opening night arrives, nearly a hundred people have labored tirelessly—all working long hours to make magic for their audience.On opening night ,four or five critics sit in the audience. If they pan it, the play will probably close in a matter if days or weeks. If they praise it, the production could go on for a long and successful run. In the end, success or failure might hinge on the opinion of a single person—someone who might be in a bad mood on opening night! What's wrong with this scene? In one sense, nothing. Critics have a legitimate role. The problem arises when we make critics our heroes or put them in control of our fate. When we empower the critic more than the playwright, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create. When we revere the critics of society, we eventually become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no room left for constructive optimism.80. According to the author, critics usually__________.A. ignore minor imperfectionsB. overemphasize flawsC. see both sides of a coinD. pin their hopes onimprovements。

中国地质大学考博真题英语 1994-1997及答案

CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCESPhD Entrance Examination in English11 May 1994PART 3. T he sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.Put only ONE word in each blank. Contractions like he’s or they’ve are considered one word. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer will automatically be wrong.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1. Yesterday I gave my mother ___________ orange sweater for _________ birthday.2. I was hungry, _________ I went into a restaurant and ordered ________food. The waiter _______ a longtime to bring me _______ I had ordered. When he finally brought it, he _______for the delay.3. Someone________ just given me a typewriter. Do you think you could _______me to type?4. Look at the time! It’s already 5:10, and we have to be at the station by 5:45! If we don’t _______ up,we’ll _________ our train.5. The stores are so crowded today and the file at the theatre is terrible. _______ just stay home and________television instead. Of course, if you’d really ________ go out, we can do that. I’ll leave it up to you.6. These documents are all in Chinese. We need to _______them translated _______ English in time_________ the meeting with the foreign businessmen _________ Friday.7. My parents have been __________ me to ___________married for the last two years, but I still haven’tmade up my ___________.8. __________ to the weather report on the radio, it’s raining in Shanghai , but that ________ be true. I wasjust on the phone to shanghai and the _________ I spoke with said it was sunny there.9. After I ________ the university entrance exam I was extremely upset, because I was almost sure I had_________ the test. To my ________, it __________ out that I had gotten the highest score in theprovince!10. This man claims that he’s from Beijing, but he speaks with a strong southern ________. It’s obviousthat he is just ________ to be from Beijing. I ________ where he’s really from.11. I __________ to speak Russian fluently, but that’s not true now. In fact, I can no ________carry on evena simple conversation in the language. I _________be able to get back my former fluency if I stayed inRussia for a __________ months.12. Our research team is _________ to complete a major project. Our findings will be _________in a series ofarticles scheduled to appear next year. I will also _________ the results at a conference being _________ in Sydney later this year.13. We are having some _________ with the machine that we imported__________ Japan last year. It has__________down twice already. Each time we have ________to ask a technician to come to Beijing to __________it. The good news is that our technicians have__________ completed their training in Tokyo.The next time we have a __________ , we won’t need to send for a Japanese specialist.14. __________ he studied in America for three years, he can’t write English very well. He is ratherembarrassed by this now. He _________ he had spent more time ___________his written English while he was abroad.15. You and I don’t need anyone else’s assistance. We can solve these problems by __________.CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCESPHD ENTRANCE EXAMINATION IN ENGLISHMAY 1995PART 3. Each question in this part consist of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter under that part in the space on the left side of the page.If the four underlined parts are all good English (in other words, if there is no error in the sentence), write E in the space.REMEMBER: You have five possible choices—A, B, C, D or E (= no error).ANSWERS1 ______ I hope the boss will agree to replace the furnitures in our office soon. The office shouldA B Clook more modern.D2 ______ You are suppose to finish writing your report by Friday if you want it to be printed inA B Ctime for the conference.D3_______ Even though he is already half an hour late, don’t you think it would be a good idea toA B Cwait a few minutes before we give up on him.D4 _______ There is a chart at the bottom of the page illustrates the surprising discrepancies in theA B Cfindings of the two research teams.D5________ Next week I am scheduled to fly to St Petersburg for a five-days internationalA Bconference on key recent development in geophysics.C D6________ Because research funds have become much harder to obtain in the past two years, soA B Cwe have decided to focus on smaller projects.D7________ The minerals that the human body require are usually obtained from plants and, to aA B Clesser extent, from animals.D8________ Although I’ve often seen him on our campus, but I’m not sure who he is.A B C D9________ One of the most interesting things about San Francisco is the way the city’s streets goA B Cup and down over its numerous hills.D10_______ The laboratory in which we do most of our experiments is located on the third floor ofA B Cthe building across the street.D11_______ To improve my English, I ever read scientific articles and jot down useful words andA B Cphrases in a notebook I keep just for that purpose .D12_______ Yesterday I had some free time, so I took a bus downtown and went to an exhibitionA B Cof Chinese new products.D13_______ I don’t think it would be a good idea for me to do fieldwork this summer, since myA B Cwife is having a baby.D14_______ It’s pity you can’t go to the movies with me. I really believe you would enjoy the filmA B Cthat’s being shown.D15_______ I’m very glad that I have an excuse for not going to the meeting tomorrow morning. IA Bcan’t stand such kind of meetings. They are a complete waste of time.C D16_______ According to the government’s plan, our university campus is set to undergo extensiveA Bchanges. About six millions of dollars will be spent on new buildings over the next five years.C D17_______ It is obviously that we will be unable to carry out the next phase of our research unlessA Bwe can get access to a more powerful electron microscope.C D18_______ These two young scientists are clearly responsible for most of significant researchA Bdone in this institute since the death of Professor Qin.C D19_______ Be very, very quiet! See if you can remove the papers without make a sound.A B COtherwise you’ll wake the baby.D20_______ I was almost killed in a terrible traffic accident that occurred late last year near theA B Cgate of our university. I am very strange that you haven’t heard about it!DPART 3. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.Put only ONE word in each blank. Contractions like he’s or they’re are considered one word. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer will automatically be wrong.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1.________ your friend ever visited the Great Wall?2.In _____ to find out if a hypothesis is true or not, scientists normally conduct _______.3.I _____ eating dinner when the telephone rang.4.As you can see, this building is a restaurant. It ______ to be a shop, but about three years ___ the ownerdecided he could ____ more money if he changed it into a restaurant.5.There _____ three people in the room. The one ______ the book is my brother. The _____ two areschoolmates of his Guangzhou.6.Which would you ______ drink, tea or coffee?7.How _____ beer does a bottle of this size hold?8.Professor Wang’s plane is ______ to arrive at 10 o’clock. Do you know if anyone is _________ him atthe airport?9.People say this is _______ informative articles. Have you read it _______ ?10.The director is very pleased _______ Ms Cui’s work, so he has decided to ______ her. Starting new week,she will be our supervisor.11._________ a few Russians have blond hair. It’s not at all rare.12.The State Science and Technology Commission is giving our research team an ________ for the projectwe completed _______ January. Some experts say that our research results will ________ China to increase its gold production by fifteen percent.13.Word and stone were the first materials _______ for tools.14.I’m putting the object on the scale to find out how much it ______ .15.I was a student at Zhejiang University from 1985 to 1990. Since ________ I have worked ________anengineer in a factory that ________ motors for cars and trucks.16. A square is a shape with four ________ sides.17._________ Australia and Canada are huge countries, they have rather small populations. _______ of theland in both nations is uninhabited.18.When our oil drill broke down, it _______ us over a month to _______ it.19.I think all Chinese scientists _______ be able to read and speak English, Russian or Japanese . Do you______ with me?20.Japanese culture is very _______ to that of China and Korea. This is because the Japanese _____ much oftheir East Asian neighbors until the last century.21.Our research team tried ________ ten months to find the money to continue our project. We finally________ in getting funds from a company in Shanghai. We completed the project last month. The results will be ______ in a well-known international scientific journal.22.My sister is ambitious and works very ______ , whereas my brother is so lazy that he _______ works at all.23.Next summer an international geological congress will be ______ in Berijing. The organizers ________thousands of scientists to come to Beijing from all over the globe. Unfortunately I will be _______ all summer, so I’ll have to miss the event. What about you? Are you planning to _______ it? I certainly would be there if I ___ you. It will be a wonderful _______ to meet some of the greatest geologists of our generation.24.It is possible to see _______ a window, but not a mirror.25.I had a lot of _______ opening the door to our lab this morning. I don’t know why it was so _______ .Neither my key nor the door seems to be damaged.CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCESPhD Entrance Examination in EnglishMay 1996PART 2. Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined, The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A,B,C,D.Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter under that part in the space on the left side of the page .If the four underlined parts are all good English (in other words,if there is no error in the sentence ).write E in the space.REMEMBER : You have FIVE possible choices-----A,B,C,D or E (=no error).ANSWERS1._______ Over half of soldiers in the Chinese army come from rural areas. Those whoA B Cleave the army often go back to their villages and set up small businesses.D2._______ I am not sure that the door to our lab is enough wide to allow the workmen toA B Cmove in the bigger pieces of equipment.D3._______ If we can persuade the foundation to grant us just a little more money ,so we willA B Cbe able to finish this project in time for the conference.D4._______ Professor Harris certainly isn't much of a lecturer .I am always very boring then IA Bhave to sit through one of his long dull presentations.C D5._______ Since the roads in the region are so poor,even with three geological teams it willA B Cprobably take at least five or six months to complete all the fieldworks.D6._______ On the staff of our institute are some 180 technicians, half of whom have little orA B C Dnothing to do.7._______Which of them is going to accompany with Professor Hart when he travels toA Beastern Tibet this fall.C D8._______ In the article I included a drawing illustrates the geology beneath the surface ofA B Cour main drilling site.D9._______ I'd like to find the phone number of the Beijing office of a engineering firmA Bnamed Bechtel,but I don't know what it's called in Chinese.Do you happen toC Dknow?10._______ It was hard to get to our hotel from the airport .As we couldn't afford a taxi,firstA Bwe took a bus,and later we change to the underground.C D11._______ Several of the people in my chemistry class suddenly got sick last night and had toA Bgo to the hospital .Three other classmates of mine were already in the hospitalCwith a mysterious illness.D12._______ The best months in which to go Beijing are May and October,when the skies areA B Cclear and the average temperature is pleasantly cool.D13._______ Everybody hopes that tomorrow would be sunny .If not ,we will be forced to callA Bour picnic off or else to eat indoors.C D14._______ The businessmen standing over there speaking English are mostly from the USA Band Canada,but one of them is a British and three are Australians.C D15._______ The director has frequently said that we should make better use of ourAcomputers,however, the older employees still have not received adequateB Ccomputer training.D16._______ A Chinese ancient thinker once said that a picture is worth a thousand words .TheA Bpublishers who put out textbooks for Chinese university students should heedCthis excellent advice.D17._______ I am eating in dining halls for the last six weeks ,because neither I nor myA Broommate has time to cook while we prepare for our qualifying exams.C D18._______ Only a handful of fossils of this sort have been found in all parts of the world .OurA Bmuseum is remarkably fortunate to have five of the twelve known specimens inC Dits collection.19._______We are conducting this series of experiments in order to seek more nowledges.TheA B Cresults thus far have been most impressive.D20._______ This newly-published article is extremely useful.I think I will give the author aA Bletter to tell him how interested I am in his work. Perhaps we can undertake someC Djoint research in the future.PART 3. In this part of the test you are asked to complete an analogy.For instance,on your paper you may see this :BLACK :: WHITEBIG :: _________You should interpret this as " The word black has the same relation to the word white as the word big has to the "word __________".First you should think about black and white .How are they related,logically and grammatically?You decide that they are both adjectives and that they are opposite in meaning.Then ask yourself what adjective is the opposite of big.There are several words you could choose,but you must give only one.You could choose small or little or tiny,etc.Each is the opposite of big.You decide to use the word small ,so you write that word in the space provided.Now you analogy is complete .black and white are opposite in neaning but grammatically similar,and so are big and small.Remember to put only one word or short phrase (e.g. on time) in each blank+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1 PEN :: WRITETRUCK :: ______________2 PALACE :: HOUSEMOUNTAIN :: _____________3 FLOAT :: SINKMOVE :: _____________4 SCATTERED :: CONCENTRATEDOPTIONAL :: ______________5 MESS :: DISORDERPROPOSAL ::______________6 RICH :: MONEYCURIOUS :: _______________7 INSTRUMENT ::MICROSCOPESTRUCTURE::______________8 MUSEUM :: DISPLAYSDICTIONARY :: ______________9 BEHIND SCHEDULE :: LATESIGNIFICANT :: _____________10 ENORMOUS :: LARGEFURIOUS ::_____________PART 4.In this section you must write some questions. You will see a sentence with an underlined part . This underlined part is the answer to the question you should make .For example,suppose you see this:Q _________________________________________________A His name is John Forstner.What question (Q) will produce the answer (A) in which John Forstner is the key information ?You decide that the question must be "What is his name ?" and you then write that question in the space above the answer .You could make other correct choices.For instance,if you were to write "What is he called?",that would also be acceptable. Please give only one question,however .Don't forget to write the question mark(?) where you need it . Sometimes the answer will be very short ,the kind of very short reply you might make in spoken English.Just make sure your question can logically produce that answer,whatever it is.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1 Q ________________________________________________________________A He took the city bus.2 Q ______________________________________________________________A It's located in western Hubei.3 Q _____________________________________________________________A 2022244,extension 99750.4 Q ______________________________________________________________A They examined the samples under the electron microscope.5 Q __________________________________________________________A He got there 45 minutes late.6 Q ___________________________________________________________A It's published every 4 months.7 Q ______________________________________________________________A They gave it to the policeman.8 Q ___________________________________________________________A They gave it to the policeman.9 Q ___________________________________________________________A I grew up in a town about 450 km west of Moscow.10 Q ________________________________________________________A The town I grew up in was a small, friendly,sleepy place on the Volga River,85km from the nearest railway.PART 5. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank .There may be several appropriate choices,but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical,grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words,it must be acceptalbe real English.Any answer in good English is correct.If no word is needed or appropriate , write zero (0) in the blank. You must use this symbol to show that nothing is needed in the blank Empty blanks, with no word or zero in them , will count as errors.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1 The meter is used internationally to _________ distance.2 I studied at Qinghua University from 1989 to 1994 .Since __________ I have been _______for theSiemens Corporation in Shanghai as ________ industrial engineer.3 This is the clearest textbook I've___________ studied.4 __________Russians can speak Chinese, even ___________Russia and China have been neighbors forover three _________now.5 Wood, coal and __________ gas are all used for _______in different parts of China.6 My watch is very ________. It's never fast or slow .7 The film made a deep _________on me. In fact,I was so __________by it that I went to see it______seven times.8 He said he would be at the meeting today, but I _________whether he'll actually come.9 _________intends to wear a black dress to the party this evening .________husband is going in a greysuit.10 We didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. The delay was ______by the repairs being made on the highway_________Jinan and Tianjin. We were quite __________to find the repair work still in progress, because we heard that the work on the road had been completed ________ three weeks earlier .11 Mistakes are hard to ________when one is inexperienced.12 Our article has been __________by the journal, but the editors haven't ________us when it will be published.13 Steel is manufactured ________iron ore.14 My father _______mathematics in a Chengdu secondary school until he ______in 1993.Now he_________most of ________time working in the garden behind our house.15 Qomolangma (Mt Everest) is the ______tallest mountain, if I'm not mistaken.16 I ______basketball almost every day when I was a teenager. Nowadays I get very __________exercise.As a _______I'm beginning to put on weight.17 _______the conference English will be used ________the main working language. Anyone who can'tspeak English will have to rely on ________.18 The__________ in our lab is getting old. I think it should all be ________with new instruments.19 Most people__________ the summer weather in Wuhan very unpleasant.20 The government of China tries to promote scientific research, ___________research likely to contribute to economic growth.。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：84

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题After I （1）the university entrance exam, I was extremely upset, because I was almost sure I had（2） the test. To my（3） , it （4）out that I had gotten the highest score inthe province!句意: 大学入学考试考完，我感到非常沮丧，因为我几乎确信自己考试没有通过。

然而令我感到意外的是自己最后的实际成绩是省里的最高分。

【答案】1.finished2.failed3.surprise4.tumed【解析】1.语义题。

句意为高考结束，动词finish合适，根据时态为过去式，故用finished。

2.固定搭配。

fail the exam 考试失败。

这里用过去完成时。

3.固定搭配。

to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是。

4.固定搭配。

It turns out that 结果是…。

2.单选题I am told that Professor Atkins has already visited this site for five times since the area was opened to geologists in 2007.问题1选项A.I am toldB.has already visitedC.for five timesD.was opened to geologistsE.没有错误【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。

opened应改为open, be open to对…开放。

3.单选题The clerk I spoke with insisted over and over that we had been charged the normal rate for the hotel room, so I asked to speak with his manager.问题1选项A.insisted over and overB.had been chargedC.rate forD.so I asked to speak with his managerE.没有错误【答案】E【解析】没有错误。

中国地质大学(北京)考博英语阅读解析

中国地质大学（北京）考博英语阅读解析Passage Nine（Holmes' Knowledge）His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system."You appear to be astonished, " Holmes said, smiling at my expression. "Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose： A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.""But the Solar System！ " I protested.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) "What the deuce is it to me？" he interrupted impatiently.One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life, " and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man's inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusionswere as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer."From a drop of water, "said the writer, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. "This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.1. What is the author's attitude toward Holmes？[A]Praising.[B]Critical.[C]Ironical.[D]Distaste.2. What way did the author take to stick out Holmes' uniqueness？[A]By deduction.[B]By explanation.[C]By contrast.[D]By analysis.3. What was the Holmes' idea about knowledge-learning？[A]Learning what every body learned.[B]Learning what was useful to you.[C]Learning whatever you came across.[D]Learning what was different to you.4. What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about？[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.[B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：8

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The students, arriving at the usual time for breakfast, were extremely fhrious when they discovered that the prices of almost the food items had doubled overnight.问题1选项A.students, arrivingB.were extremely fhriousC.almost the food itemsD.had doubledE.没有问题【答案】B【解析】副词多余。

去除extremely。

由 furious 的英文释义“marked by extreme and violent energy or extreme anger”知它已经含有extremely“极其；非常”的意思，故B项这里的“extremely” 属于重复，应该去除。

2.填空题13. We are having some（1） with the machine that we imported （2）Japan last year. It has （3） down twice already. Each time we have（4） to ask a technician to come to Beijing to （5） it. The good news is that our technicians have （6）completed their training in Tokyo. The next time we have a（7）, we won’t need to send for a Japanese specialist.句意:我们去年从日本进口的这台机器正有些故障。

中国地质大学考博英语模拟测试及其解析

中国地质大学考博英语模拟测试及其解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonald's announced in1999that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didn't meet its guidelines for care of chickens.Those guidelines included limiting the1of birds that could be kept in one 2and prohibiting beak removal,3trimming just the tips.Once McDonald's had4the way in issuing animal care guidelines for the company's suppliers,many other giants of the fast-food Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi industry rapidly followed5,including Burger King,Taco Bell,Pizza Hut,Wendy's,A&W. and KFC.Now,the American Meat Institute has6welfare guidelines and audit7for cattle,pigs,and chickens.And the European Union, representing our foreign customers,is also8in with,among other things,legislation banning9use of crates to house pregnant sows, 10in2013.Questions about animal care11with the explosive growth in large-scale livestock farms,12spurred customers to complain about animals being treated as"factory parts".That spurred ARS and thelivestock industry to take a proactive approach to addressing animal 13issues,making sure that guidelines are based on facts14through scientific research.The goal is to share research findings with the retail food industry and others so that the livestock industry can improve its15guidelines.Ten years ago,to16these concerns,ARS started a research program on livestock behavior and stress.The scientists involved were tasked with finding out whether modern farming practices were 17stressing animals.And if so,could scientific methods be developed to measure this stress so that18could be evaluated objectively rather than subjectively?A decade later,the19answer is"yes"to both questions.Many had expected the answer to be"no"on both counts,but science works independently20people's opinions.1.[A]amount[B]number[C]figure[D]sum2.[A]cage[B]cave[C]case[D]cart3.[A]but for[B]except for[C]aside from[D]away from4.[A]paved[B]changed[C]led[D]opened5.[A]suit[B]step[C]set[D]super6.[A]adapted[B]adopted[C]approved[D]accepted7.[A]booklets[B]pamphlets[C]brochures[D]checklists8.[A]measuring[B]weighing[C]considering[D]thinking9.[A]prolonged[B]proceeded[C]programmed[D]progressed10.[A]efficient[B]effective[C]effusive[D]elective11.[A]raised[B]rose[C]arose[D]posed12.[A]who[B]what[C]which[D]how13.[A]health[B]life[C]wealth[D]welfare14.[A]decided[B]determined[C]proved[D]tested15.[A]voluntary[B]revolutionary[C]preliminary[D]necessary16.[A]express[B]address[C]suppress[D]compress17.[A]unduly[B]unequally[C]unfortunately[D]unfavorably18.[A]performances[B]programs[C]problems[D]practices19.[A]sequential[B]initial[C]essential[D]financial20.[A]of[B]on[C]by[D]withSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40points)Text1Commuter trains are often stuffy and crowded,and they frequently fail to run on time.As if that were not bad enough,Tsuyoshi Hondou, a physicist at Tohoku University in Japan,published a paper in2002 that gave commuters yet another reason to feel uncomfortable.Dr Hondou examined mobile phone usage in enclosed spaces such as railway carriages,buses and lifts,all of which are,in essence,metal boxes. His model predicted that a large number of passengers crowded together,all blathering,sending text messages,or browsing the web on their phones,could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards.That is because the radio waves produced by each phone are reflected off the metal walls of the carriage,bus or lift.Enough radiation escapes to allow the phone to communicate with the network,but the rest bathes the inside of the carriage with bouncing microwaves.This sounds worrying.But maybe it isn't after all.In a paper published recently in Applied Physics Letters,Jaime Ferrer and Lucas Fernández Seivane from the University of Oviedo in Spain-along with colleagues from the Polytechnic University of Madrid and Telefónica Móviles,a Spanish mobile operator-dispute Dr Hondou's findings.They conclude that the level of radiation is safe after all.The key addition to the new research is the effect of the passengers themselves.While each phone produces radiation that bounces around the car,the passengers absorb some of it,which has the effect of reducing the overall intensity,just as the presence of an audience changes the acoustics of a concert hall,making it less reverberant.Dr Hondou's model,in short,was valid only in the case of a single passenger sitting in an empty carriage with an active mobile phone on every seat.While Dr Hondou acknowledged this in his original paper,he did not specifically calculate the effect that leaving out the other passengers would have on the radiation level.As a result,say theauthors of the new paper,he significantly overestimated the level of electromagnetic radiation.When one is sitting on a train,Dr Ferrer and his colleagues found,the most important sources of radiation are one's own phone,and those of one's immediate neighbours. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phones or from waves bouncing around the carriage.And all these sources together produce a level of radiation within the bounds defined by the ICNIRP,the international body that regulates such matters.21.According to paragraph1,the essential common characteristic of train carriages,buses,and lifts is that[A]they are all metal boxes.[B]they are often stuffy and overcrowded.[C]they all allow enough radiation to escape for mobile communications to take place.[D]people use their mobile phones in them.22.How could"levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards"be produced?[A]Mobile phones give off a lot of electromagnetic radiation.[B]Train carriages,buses,and lifts are not safe places to use mobile phones.[C]A lot of people could use their mobile phones in a confined space at the same time.[D]Blathering produces radio waves which bounce around the interior of these places.23.Why do the Spanish researchers dispute Dr.Hondou's theory?[A]Because they are funded by a mobile phone operator.[B]Because people absorb electromagnetic radiation.[C]Because electromagnetic radiation isn't dangerous at all.[D]Because Dr.Hondou assumed that every single person was using their mobile phone at exactly the same time.24.Dr.Hondou's research was not thorough enough because[A]he didn't have enough time to assess everything before his paper was published.[B]he didn't admit that the people in train carriages,buses, and lifts could influence the level of electromagnetic radiation.[C]he didn't investigate the effect of people on electromagnetic radiation levels.[D]Japan is a crowded country where people often use mobile phones,so he only looked at that specific situation.25.According to the Spanish researchers,which of the following statements is true?[A]The closer you are to a mobile phone,the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.[B]The closer you are to a mobile phone that is being used to send and receive signals,the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.[C]The amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected by metal is almost too small to be measured.[D]You shouldn't stand close to people who are using their mobile phones in train carriages,buses,and lifts.Text2Last year a high profile panel of experts known as the Copenhagen Consensus ranked the world's most pressing environmental,health and social problems in a prioritized list.Assembled by the Danish Environmental Assessment Institute under its then director,Bjorn Lomborg,the panel used cost benefit analysis to evaluate where a limited amount of money would do the most good.It concluded that the highest priority should go to immediate concerns with relatively well understood cures,such as control of malaria.Long-term challenges such as climate change,where the path forward and even the scope of the threat remain unclear,ranked lower.Usually each of these problems is treated in isolation,as though humanity had the luxury of dealing with its problems one by one.The Copenhagen Consensus used stat-o-the-art techniques to try to bring a broader perspective.In so doing,however,it revealed how the state of the art fails to grapple with a simple fact:the future is uncertain. Attempts to predict it have a checkered history-from declarations that humans would never fly,to the doom-and-gloom economic and environmental forecasts of the1970s,to claims that the"New Economy" would do away with economic ups and downs.Not surprisingly,those who make decisions tend to stay focused on the next fiscal quarter, the next year,the next election.Feeling unsure of their compass,they hug the familiar shore.This understandable response to an uncertain future means, however,that the nation's and the world's long term threats often get ignored altogether or are even made worse by shortsighted decisions.In everyday life,responsible people look out for the long term despite the needs of the here and now:we do homework,we save for retirement,we take out insurance.The same principles should surely apply to society as a whole.But how can leaders weigh the present against the future?How can they avoid being paralyzed by scientific uncertainty?In well-understood situations,science can reliably predict the implications of alternative policy choices.These predictions, combined with formal methods of decision analysis that use mathematical models and statistical methods to determine optimal courses of action,can specify the trade-offs that society must inevitably make.Corporate executives and elected officials may not always heed this advice,but they do so more often than a cynic might suppose.Analysis has done much to improve the quality of lawmaking, regulation and investment.National economic policy is one example. Concepts introduced by analysts in the1930s and1940s-unemployment rate,current account deficit and gross national product-are now commonplace.For the most part,governments have learned to avoid the radical boom-and-bust cycles that were common in the19th and early 20th centuries.26.The Copenhagen Consensus didn't believe that allocating a limited amount of money to climate change was a good idea because[A]nothing can be done about it in the immediate future.[B]there are too many competing approaches to solving it.[C]it is not a pressing issue.[D]the money would be better spent on immediate concerns.27.Paragraph2intends to demonstrate that[A]technology cannot solve all our problems.[B]predictions are usually inaccurate.[C]solving problems one-by-one is ineffective.[D]thinking short-term is often reasonable.28.According to the text,how could scientific uncertainty paralyze decision-making by world leaders?[A]By presenting many different solutions to problems.[B]By presenting short-term solutions and long-term ones.[C]By presenting solutions to problems that are not well understood.[D]By presenting solutions that are too technical for decision-makers to comprehend.29.According to the text,how have governments learned to avoid boom-and-bust economic cycles?[A]By using mathematical and statistical models prepared by experts.[B]By observing historical economic patterns.[C]By improving the quality of lawmaking.[D]By discussing the implications and effects of various policies.30.What are the"trade-offs"mentioned in the final paragraph?[A]Difficult decisions.[B]Things which have benefits in some ways and costs in others.[C]Key,costly decisions.[D]Things that promote economic prosperity.Text3Ingenious teenagers can find every manner of reason to take a pass on summer school:There's the two-week family vacation in the middle of the four-week session,not to mention the potential for a day job scooping ice cream-or the fear that they might bomb at cramming a semester's worth of work into a month.In the digital age,however, none is reason enough.The rapid spread of online learning at the secondary level-experts estimate that more than half of all school districts offer some virtual coursework,up from just30percent two years ago-is now creating"anywhere,anytime"flexibility for summer students,too.While the total numbers are still small,many hundreds of students around the country will be signing on in the next week or two for everything from U.S.history to human space exploration.In California,Graham Petersen,who just finished his junior year in Palo Alto,will study Algebra II through the online arm of Oregon's SalemKeizer school district while working as a teacher's assistant in a children's program."This is no shortcut-it's the full course.But you can work at11o'clock at night,"says Robert Currie,executive director of Michigan Virtual High School,whose courses,like most, are available nationally.Beyond convenience,there are instructional reasons to consider the virtual classroom.Those who have struggled in a course during the year often find that the online format makes it easier to master the content."Most students finish with A's and B's,because teachers don't let them go through with D's,"says Jan Bleek,principal of the Internet Academy,an arm of the Federal Way district near Seattle that is offering45summer courses at$180each."There's lots of revision, a lot of work that goes on in depth between teacher and student after work has been submitted."While grading policies vary,kids often are free to retake assessments or to work through several practice exams until they're ready to be tested."I got a B-the highest grade in math I've ever,ever gotten since sixth grade,"says Petersen,who took the first half of Salem Keizer's online Algebra II class this spring after failing the course first semester.Success depends largely on actually tackling the content,of course-and nobody(other than parents,perhaps)will be breathing down a student's neck.So it's important to be realistic about whether online study is a good fit with a teenager's learning style."The No. 1thing is,are you capable of working on your own?"says KathyArmstrong,an English teacher at Harris County High in Hamilton,Ga., who is also an instructor for Virtual High School.Since material is presented as text rather than by lecture,being a proficient reader is a must.31.According to the first paragraph,the reason why teenagers used to have an excuse for not taking academic summer courses is that[A]they had more important things to do.[B]they had other distractions and obligations.[C]society wasn't as competitive.[D]they were better at making excuses.32.Why is Graham Peterson studying online?[A]Because he is not up to the required standard in algebra.[B]Because he likes working at night.[C]Because he likes studying at night.[D]Because he wants to study and work.33.It can be inferred from the text that students usually get A's and B's because[A]studying online is better and more convenient for them.[B]the teachers are not as strict and give higher scores than at regular schools.[C]most of the students studying online are smarter than average.[D]the teaching and assessment process continues even after students have submitted their initial work.34.According to the text,how is studying online different toconventional study methods?[A]It's suitable for anyone.[B]It requires some different study skills.[C]Grading policies vary.[D]Students can take more practice tests before taking the real exam.35.The best title of the text might be[A]Learning via the internet is easy.[B]Learning via the internet is relaxing.[C]Learning via the internet can be convenient and instructive.[D]Summer school is easier than before.Text4The BBC,Britain's mammoth public-service broadcaster,has long been a cause for complaint among its competitors in television,radio and educational and magazine publishers.Newspapers,meanwhile,have been protected from it because they published in a different medium. That's no longer the case.The internet has brought the BBC and newspapers in direct competition-and the BBC looks like coming off best.The improbable success online of Britain's lumbering giant of a public-service broadcaster is largely down to John Birt,a former director-general who"got"the internet before any of the other big men of British media.He launched the corporation's online operations in1998,saying that the BBC would be a trusted guide for peoplebewildered by the variety of online services.The BBC now has525sites. It spends￡15m($27m)a year on its news website and another ￡51m on others ranging from society and culture to science, nature and entertainment.But behind the websites are the vast newsgathering and programme-making resources,including over5,000 journalists,funded by its annual￡2.8billion public subsidy.For this year's Chelsea Flower Show,for instance,the BBC's gardening micro-site made it possible to zoom around each competing garden,watch an interview with the designer and click on"leaf hotspots"about individual plants.For this year's election,the news website offered a wealth of easy-to-use statistical detail on constituencies,voting patterns and polls.This week the BBC announced free downloads of several Beethoven symphonies performed by one of its five in-house orchestras.That particularly annoys newspapers,whose online sites sometimes offer free music downloads-but they have to pay the music industry for them.It is the success of the BBC's news website that most troubles newspapers.Its audience has increased from1.6m unique weekly users in2000to7.8m in2005;and its content has a breadth and depth that newspapers struggle to match.Newspapers need to build up their online businesses because their offline businesses are flagging.Total newspaper readership has fallen by about30%since1990and readers are getting older as young people increasingly get their news from other sources-principally the internet.In1990,38%of newspaperreaders were under35.By2002,the figure had dropped to31%.Just this week,Dominic Lawson,the editor of the Sunday Telegraph,was sacked for failing to stem its decline.Some papers are having some success in building audiences online-the Guardian,which has by far the most successful newspaper site,gets nearly half as many weekly users as the BBC-but the problem is turning them into money.36.What does"John Birt…'got'the internet before any of the other big men of British media"mean?[A]John Birt was connected to the internet before his competitors.[B]John Birt launched the BBC website before his competitors launched theirs.[C]John Birt understood how the internet could be used by news media before his competitors did.[D]John Birt understood how the internet worked before his competitors did.37.Why does the text state that the BBC's success in the field of internet news was"improbable"?[A]Because the BBC is a large organisation.[B]Because the BBC is not a private company.[C]Because the BBC is not a successful media organisation.[D]Because the BBC doesn't make a profit.38.The author cites the examples in paragraph3in order to demonstrate that[A]the BBC's websites are innovative and comprehensive.[B]the BBC's websites are free and wide-ranging.[C]the BBC spends its money well.[D]the BBC uses modern technology.39.The BBC needn't to pay the music industry to provide classical music downloads for users of its websites because[A]the BBC is Britain's state-owned media organisation.[B]the BBC has a special copyright agreement with the big music industry companies.[C]the BBC produces classical music itself.[D]the BBC lets the music industry use its orchestras for free.40.According to the final paragraph,the main advantage that the BBC has over newspapers is that[A]more people use the BBC website.[B]the BBC doesn't need to make a profit.[C]the BBC has more competent managers.[D]young people are turning to the internet for news coverage. Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41——45,choose the most suitable one from the list A——G to fit into each of numbered blanks.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)From Southeast Asia to the Black Sea,fishing nets have become deathtraps for thousands of whales,dolphins and porpoises-species whose survival will be threatened unless fishing methods change.The World Wildlife Fund,a U.S.based environmental group,lists species threatened by accidental catch,and recommends low cost steps to reduce their entanglement in fishing gear.(41).Dolphins in the Philippines,India and Thailand are urgent priorities.Threatened populations include Irrawaddy dolphins in Malampyaya Sound off the Philippines'Palawan Island,about220miles south of Manila.Only77remain.Dolphins also face the threat of traders who sell them to aquariums,especially in Asia.(42).The WWF report said up to3,000Spinner dolphins may be caught each year in gillnets,which stretch from the sea floor to the surface and are hard for dolphins to see or detect with their sonar.(43).Dolphins are also under threat in Indonesia,Myanmar,India's Chilka Lake and Thailand's Songkhla Lake.Fishing gear kills thousands of porpoises each year in the Black Sea.Atlantic humpback dolphins face the same fate off the coasts of Ghana and Togo in Africa,as do Franciscana dolphins in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.Indo-Pacific humpback and bottlenose dolphinsoften die in nets off the south coast of Zanzibar.(44).U.S.fisheries in1993——2003introduced changes that reduced by a third the number of dolphins accidentally killed by fishing,or bycatch.But few other countries have followed that example and in much of the rest of the world,progress on bycatch mitigation has been slow to nonexistent.(45).Slight modifications in fishing gear can mean the difference between life and death for dolphins.[A]In the Pacific Ocean,bottlenose dolphins are found from northern Japan and California to Australia and Chile.They are also found offshore in the eastern tropical Pacific as far west as the Hawaiian islands.Off the California coast bottlenose dolphins have been observed as far north as Monterey,particularly during years of unusual warmth.[B]Researchers estimate that fishing gear kills about300,000 whales,dolphins and porpoises a year in the world's oceans.[C]If the mammals are trapped underwater in nets and can't get to the surface to breathe,they drown.[D]According to IWC reports,in the2003/2004season,Japan killed,under"special permit,"443minke whales in the Antarctic, and in the North Pacific,151minkes,50Bryde's whales,50sei whales, and10sperm whales.Japanese media have reported that Japan plansto expand its annual whale hunt to take two new species-humpback whales and fin whales-as well as nearly doubling its planned catch of minke whales.Both humpback and fin whales are on the World Conservation Union's Red List of Threatened Species.[E]Other threatened populations include Spinner and Fraser's dolphins in the Philippines'Sulu Sea.[F]Most of the animals are threatened by the widespread use of one type of fishing gear-gillnets.[G]These accidental deaths can be significantly reduced,often with very simple,low-cost solutions.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)Hollywood and the music industry can file piracy lawsuits against technology companies caught encouraging customers to steal music and movies over the Internet.(46)The justices,aiming to curtail what they called a"staggering"volume of piracy online,largely set aside concerns that new lawsuits would inhibit technology companies from developing the next iPod or other high-tech gadgets or services.The unanimous ruling is expected to have little immediate impact on consumers,though critics said it could lead companies to include digital locks to discourage illegal behavior.The justices left in place legal protections for companies that merely learn customers might be using products for illegal purposes.(47)Copying digital files such as movies,music or software programs "threatens copyright holders as never before"because it's so easy and popular,especially among young people.Entertainment companies maintain that online thieves trade2.6billion songs,movies and other digital files each month.(48)The ruling represents a significant victory for Hollywood and record labels,which have resorted to suing individually the thousands of computer users caught sharing music and movies online. In a tweak at entertainment companies and a demonstration of legal purposes for file-sharing computer users circulated the court's published opinion over Internet file-sharing services. Government-produced documents generally are not protected by copyright.(49)Grokster Ltd.and Streamcast Networks Inc.,developers of leading Internet-file-sharing software,can be sued because they deliberately encouraged customers to download copyrighted files illegally so they could build a larger audience and sell more advertising.Writing for the court.(50)But the court also said a technology company couldn't be sued if it merely learns its customers are using its products for illegal purposes.That balancing test,the court said,is necessary so that it"does nothing to compromise legitimate commerce or discourageinnovation having a lawful promise."The court said it wanted to protect an inventor who must predict how consumers months or years in the future might use new technology.SectionⅢWriting51.Directions:Write an essay ranging from160-200words based on the picture provided.Your essay should:1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture;2)state whether you agree or disagree with the idea;and3)give an example which illustrates your opinion.Section I Use of English1.[答案]B number[考点]名词辨析，根据上下文选择合适的名词[解析]amount指不可数名词的"数量"，number指可数名词的"数目"，figure指一个"数字"，sum多指钱的"数量"。

(完整word版)中国地质大学(北京)博士专业英语年

中国地质大学(北京）2007年博士研究生入学考试专业英语试题（理学)把下列短文译成汉语（1——必译，2、3—-选1)(共40分）1、Quakes Renew The Planet(地震让世界焕然一新）(30分）The advantages began billions of years ago, when this crustal recycling made the oceans and atmosphere and formed the continents. Today， it builds mountains， enriches soils, regulates the planet’s temperature, concentrates gold and other rare metals and maintains the sea’s chemical balance。

Plate tectonics describes the geology. The tragic downside is that waves of quakes and volcanic eruptions along plate boundaries can devastate human populations。

“It’s hard to find something uplifting about 150，000 lives being lost，" said Dr. onald J。

DePaolo, a geochemist at the University of California, Berkeley. “But the type of geological process that caused the earthquake and the tsunami is an essential characteristic of the earth。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：85

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题Last year the director of our company was accused（1） corruption and arrested. At his （2）three senior government （3）testified that he had attempted to bribe them. In the end he was found guilty and sentenced to fifteen years in（4） .【答案】of; trial; officials; prison【解析】句意: 去年，我们公司的董事被控告贪污而被捕。

在审判中，三名政府官员举证其试图贿赂他们。

最终他被判有罪，判处入狱十五年。

1.固定搭配。

be accused of 被控告。

2.语义题。

根据后面的testified （举证）推测此时场景为审判时,故填trail。

3.语义题。

根据后面的bribe (贿赂)可以推断出贿赂的对象一般是指“政府官员”，填officials。

4.语义题。

句意为: 判处入狱十五年。

2.单选题I put mv ear to the object and listened carefully as I first tapped it lightly with a chopstick and then striked it with a hammer; I wanted to find out if it was hollow, preferably without breaking it.问题1选项A.I put mv ear to the objectB.as I first tapped it lightlyC.then striked it with a hammerD.was hollow, preferablyE.没有问题【答案】C【解析】动词误用。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：20

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题There was one thing that shocked me about the Queen when he walked into the room with Mrs. Obama, namely her height; the British monarch is only 163 cm tall, much shorter than I had imagined.问题1选项A.shocked me aboutB.when he walked into thelyD.had imagined.E.没有问题【答案】B【解析】人称代词误用。

he改为she。

句中queen （女王）指的是女性。

2.填空题A: I’m quite（1）that you’ve accepted that new job in Shanghai. I（2） that you hated Shanghai!B: Not at all! I love the city. I worked there（3） three months about five years （4）and I really enjoyed the place back then.A: Well, I’ll be（5） to see you go. We'll miss you!B: Thanks. That’s very（6） of you to say. I'll miss the people in this office too. 【答案】1.surprised2.thought3.for4.ago5.sorry6.kind【解析】1.语义题。

由后面的“hated讨厌”推测此处应表示“我非常惊讶, 你已接受上海的新工作”。

中国地质大学博士入学考试英语真题

C H I N A U N I V E R S I T Y O F G E O S C I E N C E SPhD Entrance Examination in English21April 2001LISTEN TO THIS!Good morning! You are about to take the English test for people who wish to enter the doctoral program in the earth sciences at this school. The test may be rather different from any exam you’ve taken in the past. The first part is a timed listening exercise. The other four sections test your knowledge of grammar, elementary writing skills and basic vocabulary, plus your reading ability. You can have as much time as you like for the last four parts of the test—within reason, of course.The test has five sections, worth a total of 130 points in all; the answers in part 5, the reading test, are worth three points each.The answers for parts 1,2,3 and 5 (in other words, every part except 4) should be marked on your answer sheet. The answers for part 4 should be written directly on this test paper.Make sure you READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS for each part of the test!The results of this exam will enable us to compare your preparation in English with that of the other candidates. The “passing” grade is relative; in other words, it will depend on the scores for the whole body of test-takers. You should just relax and do as well as you can.We shall now begin. Turn the page to part 1. Good luck!PART 1. Imagine that you are on a train to Shanghai. In the seats in front of you there are two foreigners, and you can hear their conversation. One of them is telling the other about his job. He says what he does, not what he is or what field (profession or occupation) he is in.On your paper you see a list of the names of people in 60 different occupations or professions. As you listen, decide what the speaker is. Then find the correct word on the list and write the number beside it in the proper blank on your answer sheet.For instance, suppose you hear this: (Speaker P) “Well, I don’t enjoy lecturing very much, especially to younger students, but I do love my research. I’d be so happy if I could spend every day in the lab with my graduate students and postdocs. However, that’s just not the way university departments operate.”You decide that the speaker must be a professor, so you find “a professor” on your list. You see that the number beside it is 61; you then write the number 61 in the blank beside P on your answer sheet.By the way, in reality there is no P and no 61, and “a professor” is not one of the choices on your list. This is just a theoretical example. You will now have three minutes to read the list. [SILENCE]All right, now let’s begin! [15 points]+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1an accountant 会计31 a librarian2an actor 32 a mathematician 数学家3an airline pilot 民航驾驶员33 a mechanic 机修工（技工）4an architect 建筑师34 a mechanical engineer 机械工程师5an astronomer 天文学家35 a military officer6 a biologist 36 a novelist 小说作家7 a chef 烹调师37 a nurse8 a civil engineer 土木工程师（建筑）38 a paleontologist 古生物学家9 a concert pianist 高级钢琴演奏师39 a press photographer 新闻摄影师10 a construction worker 40 a plumber 管道维修工（水暖工）11 a corporate executive 企业执行总裁41 a poet 诗人12 a dentist 牙医42 a police detective 侦探（刑警）13 a dietician 营养师43 a police patrolman 普通警察（巡警）14 a diplomat 外交官44 p pop singer 流行歌手15an electrician 电工45 a postman 邮递员16 a fashion designer 时装设计师46 a private businessman 私营企业家（个体商人）17 a film critic 电影评论家47 a private detective 私人侦探18 a film director 电影导演48 a psychiatrist 心理医生19 a flight attendant 飞机乘务员49 a psychologist 心理学家20 a florist 花店老板50 a publisher 出版商21 a geologist 51 a radio announcer 电台播音员22 a geophysicist 52 a schoolteacher (primary)23 a graphic designer 图形设计员53 a schoolteacher(secondary)24 a hairdresser 发型设计师54 a software engineer25 a hardware engineer 硬件工程师55 a store clerk/shop assistant26 a hotel manager 56 a surgeon 外科医生27 a journalist 57 a tax official 税务员28 a judge 法官58 a travel agent 旅行社职员29 a lab technician 59 a university student30 a lawyer 60 a vet 宠物医生（兽医）PART 2. In each of the ten sentences below there is an underlined words (or words). Decide which of the words in the list at the bottom of the page can be used to replace the underlined words without changing the meaning of the sentence. The underlined words and the words that you choose must be synonyms. In each case, writer the number found next to the synonym in the appropriate blank on your answer sheet.A.We need to economize, so we are trying to cut down on waste in our lab.B.Our situation is likely to deteriorate if we do not receive help soon.C.You will notice that this material can easily be seen through.D.John thinks he may be laid off when the firm reorganizes.E.Does anyone know who is in charge of this part of the project?F.How soon do you think they will exhaust their supply of oxygen?G.Was there any feedback after you made your presentation?H.We need to keep track of any changes in soil in the area around the factory.I.This plastic looks good, but I think we need something more durable.J.Please hurry. This matter requires immediate attention.The five sentences below also contain underlined words. Find the words in the list at the bottom of the page that mean the OPPOSITE of these underlined words. Again, write the number found next to each item you choose in the appropriate space on your answer sheet.K.Quite a few observers have reported changes in the quality of the air.L.The telescope they are using now is a state-of-the-art device.M.There has been a minor improvement in his condition since he started to take the new drug.N.On the basis of the study, the committee has decided that the dam project is feasible.O.Their experiments will probably shed light on this puzzling phenomenon.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++POSSIBLE SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS (=OPPOSITES)1. a handful of 21. exacerbate 41. modify2. a host of 22. extremely advanced 42. monitor3.advanced 23. facilitate 43. more abundant4.advancing 24. get a raise 44. optional5.advice or criticism 25. get worse 45. other choice6.antiquated 26. greater 46. perilous7.authorize 27. identical 47. preserve8.be promoted 28. imply 48. questionable9.be transferred 29. impracticable 49. reduce10.become tired of 30. improve 50. refreshments11.challenging 31. is emergent 51. responsible forpatible 32. is invisible 52. responsible to13.constitute 33. is transparent 53. run out of14.contain 34. is urgent 54. safer15.counteract 35. is visible 55. similar16.designate 36. less prone to wear 56. snacks17.do little to explain 37. less tough 57. to blame for18.dramatic 38. lose his job 58. unprecedented19.dwindle 39. many 59. versatile20.eliminate 40. meal 60. very attractivePART 3. Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C or D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter found under that part in the proper space on your answer sheet.If the four underlined parts are all good English and there is no error in the sentence, then write E in the space on your answer sheet. REMEMBER! You always have FIVE possible choices: A, B, C, D or E (= no error).1Despite the claims of later researchers, it was two roman ancient scholars who first noticed the similarityA B Cin the structure of these crystals.D2How likely is the current campaign against spitting to success? To answer this question we must look atA B Cthe achievements of earlier efforts of this sort.D3This afternoon I forgot stopping to check the mail. I think an important letter from the U.K. may haveA B Carrived today, so I’m going to the mailroom the first thing in the morning.D4No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she began to have serious doubts about the wisdom of theA B C Dmatch.5This diagram is illustrating the difference between our data and the findings of the two earlierA B Cinvestigations. You will note that the discrepancies are quite marked, especially in sector F.D6I do a lot of traveling for my job. For example, once every two or three months I fly to Chongqing andA Bthen drive from town to town in east of Sichuan to talk to our clients.C D7I think we should all insure our bikes in case they will be stolen, but my wife doesn’t think the troubleA Band expense are worth it. As a result, my bike is insured against theft, but not hers.C D8 A number of the people came to the lecture were unable to get seats in Room 315, so Professor KleinA Bdecided to ask everyone to move to Room 403, which is much bigger.C D9There are only two methods for dealing with this problem: one is expensive but quick, which another isA B Ccheap but unfortunately takes a rather long time to be effective.D10Toward the end of the twentieth century a new means of communication was invented – the Internet. ByA B Cthe year 2000 the Internet had spread to every part of the globe.D11Hardly anybody passed the most recent physics exam, so Professor Klein has set up a series of make-upA Bclasses to help people who have fallen behind in their work to master the key concepts.C D12After the seminar in Shanghai this September, I will accompany with some of the participants on a tourA B Cof geological points of interest in Yunnan and Guizhou. Would you like to come with us?D13We are awaiting a shipment of new equipments that is scheduled to arrive in Tianjin very soon.A B C D14My boss knew that I was eager to return to my hometown to see my family, but he let me analyse all 400A Bof the rock samples anyway.C D15There is a rumor on campus that Wang Ping is about to be appointed minister of Ministry of Land andA B CResources. Do you think there’s any truth in the rumor?D16He has some experience in writing articles for publication, but not a great deal of it. Specifically, IA Bbelieve he has ever written three pieces that have appeared in professional journals, none of them inC DEnglish.17Yesterday afternoon I was busy reading a long article in the financial pages of the newspaper. At theA B Csame time, the doorbell rang, and I sprang from my chair to answer it.D18If I realized that the trip to South America was going to cost so much, I would almost certainly haveA Bbacked out of it and instead gone to a less distant spot to do my fieldwork.C D19Everyone regards it as a honor to be chosen to give the opening address at so important a conference.A B C D20We’re headed downtown on Saturday to see what’s being shown in the main art galleries. I’m told thatA B CAnne is very interested in modern art, so I hope she would join our group.DPART 4. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. In each blank you must write ONE appropriate word. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.Put one and only one word in each blank. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer is automatically wrong. Putting nothing in a blank also counts as an error. [50 points]+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1.You’re going to the party? Have _____________!2.Do you want to eat now or would you __________ wait a little while?3.I was _________________ when I opened the letter and discovered a check for $2,000.4.I have ______________good news for you. Your salary is going to be ________, starting next month.5.Do the investigators have any idea what _________ the oil rig to collapse?6.The experiment will be over ________ three hours. ________ then I have to stay in the lab and makesure everything goes according to plan.7.___________ they didn’t understand a word of what a foreign visitor was saying, they ________ onsmiling and nodding as if they did. It was very odd.8.We’re not very __________ with the condition of our lab, but we _________ the funds that would beneeded to renovate it properly.9.You may not __________ our campus very impressive to look at. _________, the university does have anumber of genuinely distinguished researchers ______________ its staff.10.Many earth ___________ want to do research in Tibet, but ___________ there is not a good idea unlessyou are in excellent ____________.11.When John went ___________ this morning, he said he would ___________ around 2:30. __________Itell him to give you a ___________ later this afternoon?12.John got _________ in traffic on his _________ to the campus this morning. By the time he arrived, themeeting _________ already over and everyone __________ gone back to work.13.It’s true that second-hand cars are cheaper than new cars, but they _________ to use more fuel._________, they break down _________ more often. Of course, if you’re a good mechanic, perhaps that’s not such a _________, but I can’t recommend __________ an older car to anyone who is n’t good at __________ them.14.I’m upset because I’ve just witnessed __________ accident. It involved a bus, a taxi and a bike. Theman on the bike and the cab driver were both _________, the first instantly. The cab driver stopped breathing just as the ambulance arrived.15.John _________ to smoke but he ________ after his father, a lifelong heavy smoker, got lung ________.__________ him die of the disease was a terrible experience for John. Nowadays he gets angry whenever he sees an _____________ for cigarettes.16.Professor Smith’s lecture was so _________ that half of the audience had to struggle not to _________asleep. John was one of the few people who were not ______. He thinks Smith’s research is fascinating.17.If you plan to _______ the conference in Sydney next month, you should _______ a seat as soon aspossible. I traveled to Australia at this time last year, and I had a lot of _______ getting a plane ticket. 18.All of Li Bo’s friends are __________ him to take the job that the new computer company has _______him, but thus far he has _________ to leave his current job. __________ can understand why he is so reluctant to change __________, especially since he often complains about he firm he works for now.PART 5. First read the article below carefully and completely. (Notice that the paragraphs are numbered from 1 to 11.) Then answer the questions on its content. In each case write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. Each answer is worth three points.You are not allowed to use a dictionary. However, we have provided a short list of difficult words with their definitions to help you read the text. Read this vocabulary list before you begin the article.VOCABULARY FOR THE ARTICLEacute (adj.): sharp; causing difficult problemsto assimilate A: to make A similar to the other people in a new environment or societya buffer: something that reduces the shock of conflict or misunderstandinga C: a merely passing mark in the usual US grading system (A-B-C-D-F, with A as the high grade)a chasm: a wide, deep gapa corollary: a result of something else; a principle derived from another principlea curriculum: a list of courses taught in a schoolcuts far deeper = is more profound in its effectsa delicatessen: a store where ready-to-eat foods prepared in the store are sold and taken elsewhere despondent (adj.): discouraged and unhappydevastating (adj.): disastrousexotic (adj.): mysteriously foreigna family dynamic [a psychological term]: a pattern of authority and emotion inside a familya go-between: a middlemanto hammer X to A: to emphasize X by constant repetitionHispanic (adj.): from any of the countries in which Spanish is the main languagea privation: a lack of something importantself-esteem: self-respect, related to self-confidenceseventh grade: grade 7 of the 12 grades in US schools (like “CHU-YI” in China)to take a toll on X: to damage Xa toddler: a young child who can walk, but not yet very well (age 2-5)virtually: almost[1] Korean-born Sung Jong Chang and her 16-year-old American son have trouble talking to each other. they barely communicate, in fact. The reason cuts far deeper than the Normal parent-teenager divide in Western societies. Mrs Chang, a Korean immigrant who works seven days a week in the family’s restaurant business, speaks almost no English. Her son, John Kim, who came to the United States as a toddler, knows little Korean. At home in a Virginian suburb of Washington, Mrs Chang watches Korean television and videotapes. In the car she listens to Korean radio. At work and church, she speaks Korean with her friends and colleagues. Working twelve hours a day, she has little opportunity or even need to learn a new language.[2] John, on the other hand, is 100 percent Americanized. His friendships, his classes at school, his tastes in music, in clothes, in recreation – all are firmly rooted in the English language and American culture, especially as represented by the programs that he sees on TV. Television has also had an enormous influence on his spoken English had how he uses it. The direct input from his parents seems to have shrunk to little more than preferences in food and a habit of diligence.[3] In a society that insistently hammers into parents the importance of talking to children and spending time with them, many immigrants can hardly do either. Holding down one or more jobs to provide for their families leaves little time for family life, much less for attending language classes. At the same time, there is evidence that the children of today’s immigrants are losing their parents’ language a good deal faster than second-generation children did years ago.[4] The result, say sociologists and others who study the effects of immigration, is a troubling new family dynamic on the rise: a generation of children growing up almost strangers to their parent. “For most of us, it would be an easy choice,” said Kathleen Harris, a sociology professor at the University of North Carolina. “Of course you would learn to communicate with your child – but not if it meant having to do without food on the table.”[5] Twelve years after arriving in the US, Mrs Chang has come to believe that she is losing her son across a great cultural chasm. It pains her greatly, but she lacks the means to tell him even that much. Instead she relies on her daughter to speak for her. Sun Mi Kim, 18 years old, who grew up speaking English and a child’s oral Korean and is only now striving to learn the spoken and written Korean of an adult, serves as a go-between for her mother and brother, translating nearly everything that passes between the, even during their occasional angry shouting matches. Because Sun Mi’s Korean is limited, however, much is left unspoken – and many feelings unexplored – in the family. Subtlety is lost. Now, when Mrs chang sees her son despondent when she comes home at night after her long workday, she wonders if their language barrier has taken its toll on more than ease of communication within her family. “I’m afraid that by now my son may have given up trying to communicate –and maybe not just with me,”the 47-year-old mother said through a translator one recent afternoon while taking a break from her kitchen duties at one of the family’s two restaurants.[6] Previous waves of American immigrants switched over from their ancestral languages to English in a more gradual fashion, over the course of three or four generations, with a buffer between the immigrant generation and the fully assimilated generation. Back in the decades when Italy was a major source of immigrants to the US, for example, an English-speaking child might have had difficulty talking to his Italian-born grandfather, but usually the generation sandwiched in the middle was fluent in the oral forms of both languages. Nowadays the change is happening far more rapidly, according to Ruben Rumbaut, a sociologist at Michigan State University. “This country is becoming a language graveyard for the second generation,” he said, with children and parents living under the same roof yet substantially unable to talk toeach other except about the most superficial matters of everyday routine.[7] In a long-term study of 5,300 immigrant families, Professor Rumbaut found that 73 percent of the youngsters surveyed in 1991 stated that English was their primary language of communication by the time they reached seventh grade, but 94 percent of the parents spoke another language at home. In 1995, the figure for the parents was about the same, while the number of children speaking mainly English had jumped to 88 percent. A survey of immigrant families conducted last year in the Virginia county where Mrs Chang and her family live found that 53 percent of the households had an adult who spoke little or no English; in 27 percent of the households, no resident adult could speak English.[8] The language barrier separating parent and child may be particularly acute among Asians. Although a higher proportion know some English when they arrive in the US, according to a 1995 University of North Carolina study of 21,000 immigrant youths, Asian children lost their native language considerably more swiftly than do Hispanic children. That is in part because Hispanic young people usually live in larger communities where there are many Spanish-speakers. Asian communities, in contrast, tend to be much smaller and may have several languages, depending on how many countries are represented, said Pyong Gap Min, a Korean-American professor of sociology at Queens College in New York City.[9] Furthermore, Spanish has been woven into the fabric of life in many communities. “How many high schools in this country teach Korean or Vietnamese, or even Chinese?” Professor Min pointed out. “But every high school, virtually without exception, has Spanish in the curriculum, and that’s been the pattern for over a century in the US. People expect Spanish to be taught, whereas Asian language are still regarded as exotic and not of much use to the larger society. This attitude may be short-sighted, but it’s a fact, and a sad corollary is that there is seldom much support for funding instruction in Asian tongues at the primary or secondary school level, at least in public schools.”[10] Adding to the dissolution of communication is the fact that many cultures – particularly those in Asia – do not really encourage parents to sit down for heart-to-heart talks with their children. The most that these parents are likely to do is push their children to get good grades, according to Ms Min. “But if parents only talk about grades, their children’s self-esteem often becomes dependent on their school achievement, rather than on their parents’ love. Then getting a C in school can be devastating.”[11] Sung Jong Chang grew up in a South Korea recovering from the destruction wrought by war. Especially during her childhood, her parents had little food or money. When she migrated to the US in 1988, she came determined to make sure that her family would never have to face similar privations. By working in a relative’s delicatessen and at other jobs, she and her husband saved enough money to open two Japanese restaurants near their home. Now both put in long hours and take just two days off each year: Thanksgiving and New Year’s. John, who was five when he was brought to America, says he is not used to having his parents around. While they were at work, he was either with school friends or watching TV at home. He does not remember how or when he forgot the Korean he spoke as a pre-school child. Little though he now speaks with his mother, communication with his father, who knows no English beyond a few isolated words, is even worse. “We never talk at all,” John said, with a shrug of his shoulders.1In paragraph 1, the author implies thatA native-born American parents often have trouble talking to their childrenB differences between generations in the West often lead to great gaps in languageC Koreans immigrants usually fail to learn to speak English fluentlyD Asians who stay in America for years no longer use Asian languages very well2Mrs Chang’s daughter, Sun Mi Kim, moved to AmericaA at the age of 18B at the age of 5C at an unknown age; there is not enough information in the article even to hazard a guessD presumably around the age of 6 or 73The choice that Kathleen Harris refers to in paragraph 4 is betweenA learning English and ignoring itB learning how to talk to your child and focusing on economic mattersC advancing in your career and building a happy familyD migrating and losing family closeness, and remaining in your homeland4In paragraphs 5 and 11, the author seems to suggest that the boy John KimA will eventually learn to communicate well with his mother but not with his fatherB has been deeply and permanently affected by the long years of not really talking to his parentsC no longer has much trouble saying anything important to his motherD is communicating much better with his father now that his elder sister is improving her Korean5On the basis of this article, which of these statements is NOT true?A The way John Kim speaks English to some degree reflects what he watches on TV.B TV had helped John Kim get through a lot of lonely hours at home.C Spending so much time watching TV had made John Kim a passive, rather lazy boy.D John Kim feels somewhat ill at ease when he is in the company of his mother and father.6English-speaking children talking to immigrant grandparentsA used to face a much greater linguistic barrier than they do todayB seldom need to seek the help of other people nowadaysC often act as a sandwich generation helping their parents and grandparents to communicate betterD ordinarily used to have people in their parents’ generation to help bridge any gap7Researchers who compare young immigrant Asian-Americans to immigrant Hispanic-Americans in the same age group have discovered thatA Hispanic-Americans retain Spanish longer than Asian-Americans keep their native languagesB both groups become primarily English-speaking at roughly the same rateC Hispanic-Americans become English-speakers much more quickly than Asian-Americans doD Asian-Americans have smaller communities and therefore preserve their languages more zealously 8According to Professor Rumbaut’s study, in immigrant families between 1991 and 1995A parents woke up to the fact that they were losing touch with their Americanized childrenB it became a good deal less difficult for children to talk to their parentsC the proportion of children who relied on English to talk to other people rose by 15%D the proportion of parents who spoke a language other than English at home fell by 6%9Spanish is taught in most US schoolsA on account of the huge number of Hispanic immigrants in the US todayB in response to changes in the world in the last few decadesC today, as it has been for 100 years or moreD because there is no money in school budgets to pay teachers of other languages10An appropriate title for this article might beA Among Asian immigrants in the US, a wall of language separates generationsB English as a unifying factor in today’s immigrant families in the USC The Korean language faces hard times in the United States。

中国地质大学考博英语真题常见语法及其解析

中国地质大学考博英语真题常见语法及其解析(一)the+形容词/分词形容词1.表示一类人或一类事物时，采用语法一致原则，谓语动词用复数形式。

例句：In an odd way，however，it is the educated who have claimed to have given up an ambition as an ideal.(选自2000年Text5)分析：该句是复合句，同时又是一个强调句型。

其中the educated指受过教育的人，有教养的人。

译文：然而，令人奇怪的是，正是那些受过良好教育的人宣布他们已不再把抱负当做理想。

例句：As a nurse，she has a responsibility to attend to the sick，who have no homes，no relatives here.分析：该句是复合句，who have no homes，no relatives here是修饰the sick的定语从句。

译文：作为一名护士，她有责任和义务来照看那些医院里没有家也没有亲人的病人。

2.指抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例句：It is the true，the good and the beautiful that places a restriction on our behaviors.分析：该句是复合句，又是强调句型。

需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

译文：正是真善美对我们的言行起着约束作用。

3.the+某些个别分词形容词，如deceased，accused,不表一类人而是指个人，谓语动词用单数。

例句：The deceased killed in the traffic accident has been taken away from the spot，at the same time，the accused causing the accident has been taken to the court.分析：该句是并列句，其中分词killed和causing the accident在句中分别修饰the deceased(死者)与the accused(被指控者)。

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All right, now let’s begin! [15 points]
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1an accountant31a librarian
2an actor32a mathematician
If the four rlined parts are all good English and there is no error in the sentence, then write E in the space on your answer sheet.REMEMBER!You always haveFIVEpossible choices: A, B, C, D orE (= no error).
On your paper you see a list of the names of people in 60 different occupations or professions. As you listen, decide what the speaker is. Then find the correct word on the list and write the number beside it in the proper blank on your answer sheet.
1YesterdayI received wordthat Iwill be goingtoUnitedStatefor six months,starting in early October.
2I visitedBeijingforthree timeswhile I wasin secondary school. The first timewas so I could participate ina competition. The other two times Icame to the city on holiday with my parents.
4Please let meexpress my gratitude forall yourhelpsduring theperiod when we were setting upour laboratory.
5Despite ofthe popularityof coffeein the West,not all Europeans and North Americansdrink it. Some prefer teato coffee, especially inBritainandRussia.
3anairline pilot33a mechanic
4an architect34a mechanical engineer
5an astronomer35a military officer
6a biologist36a novelist
7a chef37a nurse
8a civilengineer38a paleontologist
CHINAUNIVERSITYOF GEOSCIENCES
PhD Entrance Examination in English
21April 2003
LISTEN TO THIS!
Good morning! You are about to take the English test for people who wish to enter the doctoral program in the earth sciences at this school. The test may be rather different from any exam you’ve taken in the past. The first part is a timed listening exercise. The other four sections test your knowledge of grammar, elementary writing skills and basic vocabulary, plus your reading ability. You can have as much time as you like for the last four parts of the test—within reason, of course.
Make sure youREAD AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONSfor each part of the test!
The results of this exam will enable us to compare your preparation in English with that of the other candidates. The“passing”grade is relative; in other words, it will depend on the scores for the whole body of test-takers. You should just relax and do as well as you can.
14a diplomat44p pop singer
15an electrician45a postman
16a fashion designer46a private businessman
17a filmcritic47a private detective
18a film director48a psychiatrist
6The inspectors identifieda number of problems inour laboratory.Among the most important area lack of space for proper storage of chemicals andthe need forbettermaintenance of ourequipments.
29a lab technician59a university student
30a lawyer60a vet
1.PART 2.Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C or D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter found under that part in the proper space on your answer sheet.
3I my opinion, the geologistsshould have madebetter preparations fortheir expedition. After all, the physical conditions in northwesternTibetare known to beamong the most difficult inChina.
For instance, suppose you hear this: (Speaker P)“Well, I don’t enjoy lecturing very much, especially to younger students, but I do love my research.I’d be so happy if I could spend every day in the lab with my graduate students and postdocs. However, that’s just nottheway university departments operate.”You decide that the speaker must bea professor, so you find“a professor”on your list. You see that the number beside it is 61; you then write the number 61 in the blank beside P on your answer sheet.
19a flight attendant49a psychologist
20a florist50a publisher
21ageologist51a radio announcer
22a geophysicist52aschoolteacher (primary)
23a graphic designer53a schoolteacher(secondary)
We shall now begin. Turn the page to part 1. Good luck!
PART 1.Imagine that you are on a train toShanghai. In the seats in front of you there are two foreigners, and you can hear their conversation. One of them is telling the other about his job. He says what he does, not what he is or what field (profession or occupation) he is in.