英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)合集.ppt
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英语句子成分及结构解析ppt课件
Thank you !
（二）．谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一 般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助 动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 1．由简单的动词构成。 2．由动词短语构成的谓语。 3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词， 表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的 动词have, get, take, give 等。如： 注意：谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致。
第一种：S+V (主语+谓语动词)
第二种：S+V+O (主语+谓语动词+宾语)
第三种：S+V+P (主语+连系动词+表语)
第四种：S+V+InO+DO (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
第五种：S+V+O+OC (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语)
1 、第一种句型：主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后当
play 演奏 order 命令
sing 唱歌 pay 为……而付钱
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后
接什么是关键；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见；还有宾
语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
5 第五种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 语 (S+V(及物动词)+O+OC)
（八）．状语
1、状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句 的句子成分。。如：
The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。 2．可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、
高考英语复习：句子成分讲解课件(附练习及答案)
发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变 式训练的预测由组长把关。学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步 调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。
三是找准学科增分点 认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得
失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅 读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路 等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制 约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。
8. Ap.（同位语）Appositive
概念：紧跟在名词或代词后，对前面的
名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。即两
个词（词组）在一个句子中具有相同的 语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时。
二者关系紧密时不用逗号隔开;如同位语 对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗号 隔开。同位语并不影响其后面的动词的 单复数形式（由其前面的主语词决定）。
S.
At.
2. Jim handed him the cup.
O.
3. I shall answer your question soon.
V.
Adv.
4 . Her job is to train singers.
At.
P.
5. He took many photos yesterday.
O.
Adv.
例句:
1.Yesterday I met Jane, a
friend of my sister's. 2. He told me that his sister
Jane is a doctor.
3. We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
三是找准学科增分点 认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得
失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅 读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路 等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制 约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。
8. Ap.（同位语）Appositive
概念：紧跟在名词或代词后，对前面的
名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。即两
个词（词组）在一个句子中具有相同的 语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时。
二者关系紧密时不用逗号隔开;如同位语 对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗号 隔开。同位语并不影响其后面的动词的 单复数形式（由其前面的主语词决定）。
S.
At.
2. Jim handed him the cup.
O.
3. I shall answer your question soon.
V.
Adv.
4 . Her job is to train singers.
At.
P.
5. He took many photos yesterday.
O.
Adv.
例句:
1.Yesterday I met Jane, a
friend of my sister's. 2. He told me that his sister
Jane is a doctor.
3. We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
英语句子成分分析PPT课件
.
27
Tips
①单词作定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面，而且有一定的次序。 冠词/物主代词+大小+形状+新旧+色彩+国家/来源+材料/目的 好大方的舅舅严国财 ②时间副词（now,then,today,yesterday..）地点副词（here，there， back,in,out,hom）作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。
如： Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁)
.
9
（8）主谓一致（单复数保持一 致）
如：
Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试)
The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族)
He does not feel like eating anything today.
(他今天不想吃认可东西) .
32
Tips
①表语只能放在连系动词（look，be,become,turn,get,grow,feel,seem） 之后。
②只能做表语的形容词sorry afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested
.
10
谓语（predicate）
表示主语的行为或进行的动作。
.
11
1)由实意动词充当
如：
He travelled in space for thr first time. (他首次在太空旅行)
Who teaches you English this year? (今年谁教你们英语？)
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
英语句子成分
A
1
4 2 种基本成分+ 种修饰成分
• 基本成分
– 主语
– 谓语动词
– 宾语
– 补足语
A
2
关系图
句子成分
核心成分
主语 谓语
基本成 分
直接宾语
宾语 谓语成分
补语
间接宾语 主语补足语 （表语）
宾语补足语
定语 （修饰名词）
修饰成分
状语（修饰动词）
A
3
句子成分
主语、宾语 谓语 补足语 状语 定语
属性
名词性的
动词性的
名词性的或形容词性的
副词性的
形容词性的
A
4
5 种基本句型 - 动词决定句型
不及物动词 及物动词
系动词
动词类型
1. 不带宾语 2. 带一个宾语 3. 带两个宾语 4. 带宾语和宾语补足语 5. 带主语补足语
A
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓（系）+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a
5
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
A
6
给下列短文划分句子成分。
Losers Look for Quick Fixes
There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-soeasy way. (1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
A
1
4 2 种基本成分+ 种修饰成分
• 基本成分
– 主语
– 谓语动词
– 宾语
– 补足语
A
2
关系图
句子成分
核心成分
主语 谓语
基本成 分
直接宾语
宾语 谓语成分
补语
间接宾语 主语补足语 （表语）
宾语补足语
定语 （修饰名词）
修饰成分
状语（修饰动词）
A
3
句子成分
主语、宾语 谓语 补足语 状语 定语
属性
名词性的
动词性的
名词性的或形容词性的
副词性的
形容词性的
A
4
5 种基本句型 - 动词决定句型
不及物动词 及物动词
系动词
动词类型
1. 不带宾语 2. 带一个宾语 3. 带两个宾语 4. 带宾语和宾语补足语 5. 带主语补足语
A
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓（系）+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a
5
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
A
6
给下列短文划分句子成分。
Losers Look for Quick Fixes
There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-soeasy way. (1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)(课堂PPT)
11
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
12
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
16
定语 – 修饰名词
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
is my brother.
17
同位语 – 名词短语的补语成分
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
12
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
16
定语 – 修饰名词
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
is my brother.
17
同位语 – 名词短语的补语成分
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude
英语句子成分讲解清晰PPT课件
, 时le间a状v语ing
only
•
The students
dancing.
came
into
the
classroom,
s i n g i n原目g因的状状a n语语d
• If he goes, so will I . • Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
结果状语
• 这个计划证明是可行的。__________________________________________.
The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.
The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical.
第11页/共21页
2．主语 + 谓语 1）Building has started.
主语 谓语 2）The train leaves at 7:40.
主语 谓语 • ______搭配：The teacher teaches well.
动词副词The child walks ver y slowly. • _____搭配： The girl looked at the picture.
数词
• Those who want to go to Tibet are to sig形n容t词h/e序i数r 词na/tomdeos不h定e式re.
现在分词 doing
to do 不定式
从句
第5页/共21页
六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条
件、让步、伴随情况等。
• The best fish swim near the bottom.
英语句子结构分析成分 PPT课件
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last
week. ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
简单句(simple sentence) 只有一个限定动词（即只有
一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四 种作用中的一种。
• 作一种陈述 • 提出一个问题 • 发出一种命令或请求 • 表示一种感叹
•Examples:
•The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.
get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起 来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃 起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）……
英语句子成分分析分析解析ppt课件
orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his
illness. He always comes late to school.
We elected him monitor. →He was elected monitor.
He pushed the door open. →The door was pushed open.
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
㈠主语
Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.
● Please pass me the book. ● He bought me some flowers. ● I like my job. ● I love you. ● He wanted to leave here. ● They enjoyed playing computer games. ● I didn’t know when to switch the
㈢表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有:
be (am,is,are,were,was), appear, seem, feel, smell, taste, sound, look, get, grow, keep, turn, become, come, go ,remain，etc.
illness. He always comes late to school.
We elected him monitor. →He was elected monitor.
He pushed the door open. →The door was pushed open.
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
㈠主语
Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.
● Please pass me the book. ● He bought me some flowers. ● I like my job. ● I love you. ● He wanted to leave here. ● They enjoyed playing computer games. ● I didn’t know when to switch the
㈢表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有:
be (am,is,are,were,was), appear, seem, feel, smell, taste, sound, look, get, grow, keep, turn, become, come, go ,remain，etc.
初中英语句子成分讲解及练习ppt课件
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8
宾语分类
宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。可以带两个宾语的动 词有：bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。 1.直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物； 2.间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾 语指人。 3.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
19
小练习
请划出下列句中的定语。 1. What is your family name?
2. The boy in blue is Tom. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
2.He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定 语）
说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词 之后。
The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room 是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。）
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(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)
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4
小练习
请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking
into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky.
2. She was the first to learn about it. 3. The old man is feeling better now. 4. Why is Mrs. Smith worried about her son? 5. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club
句子成分(35张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
介词短语作 The boy under the tree is John. 树下的那个男孩
定语
是约翰。
成分
用法
例句
副词作定语
She met me on her way home. 她在回家的路上 遇到了我。
定语
动词不定 式作定语
He has a lot of work to do today. 今天他有大量 的工作要做。
句子成分
初中英语专项复习课件
构成篇章的基本单位是句子，组成句子的各个部 分叫作句子成分。句子成分都是由单词、短语或从 句充当的。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表 语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语等。句子成 分的考查体现出了多样性，单项选择、翻译和书面 表达等题型都会有所涉及。在学习过程中，正确分 析单词、短语或从句所充当的句子成分是很重要的。
成分 用法
例句
动词不定 To hesitate means failure. 犹豫不决意味着失败。
式作主语
It's my honor to make a speech here. 在这里发言是我的荣幸。
主语
动名词 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
作主语
Eating more vegetables is good for your health. 多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
成分 用法
例句
代词作定语
Open your mouth and put out your tongue. 张开嘴，伸出舌头。
定语
数词作定语
She spent seven days on the beach. 她在海滩上度 过了七天。
名词作定语 This is a stone table. 这是一张石桌。
初中英语句子成分分析精(共70张)PPT课件
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6
主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语 一般位于__句__首__ 。
1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun.
He gave me two books.
间接宾语 直接宾语
最新课件
18
双宾语
常跟双宾语的词 give , buy, teach
He gave me two books. Tom teaches us English.
人是间接宾语 物是直接宾语
最新课件
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二、宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1.She lived a happy life.(名词 )
He always kept silent at
meeting.
最新课件
27
系动词
感官系动词 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。
This flower smells very sweet.
变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等。
最新课件
31
五、定语
定语：用来修饰_名__词_和_ 代. 词
This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the door is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.
高考英语语法专项课件 句子成分、结构和种类 (85页PPT)+练习(含答案)
句子成分
（2）复合谓语
复合谓语是由“情态动词或助动词＋动词”“ 系动词＋表语”构成。
【例句】
eg：He can speak English very well. 他英语说得很好。ppy. 他似乎不高兴。
句子成分
3．表语
表语与系动词一起构成复合谓语，用 以说明主语 的性质、特征、状态或身份。表 语可由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、 分词、动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）、 介词短语或从句等充当。
句子成分、结构和种类
【备考2023】高考专项语法
目录
目录
Table Of Contents
01
02
03
04
句子成分
句子结构
句子种类
练习
句子成分
Part 01
句子成分
句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语 、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等。主语和谓语是句 子的主体部分，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句 子的次要部分。
【例词】
d r e a m a terrible dream
做一个噩梦 die a glorious death 光荣牺牲
④同源宾语
同源宾语指少数不及物动词后，由名词担任的能重复动词部 分或全部意思的同源名词，名词前常有修饰语。
【例词】
smile a gentle smile 微微一笑 sing a sweet song 唱一首甜美的歌
句子成分
1．主语
主语是句子叙述的主体， 是谓语所表示的动作或状态的 执行者。主语可由名词（短语 ）、代词、数词、不定式（短 语）、动名词（短语）或从句 等充当。
【例句】
英语句子成分详细讲解课件(共34张)
on the left. • ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. • ⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
• (四) 挑出下列句中的表语
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. • ② Why is he worried about Jim? • ③ The leaves have turned yellow. • ④ Soon They all became interested in the
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes l_e_a_d_in_g_ to the nest-shaped stadium.
定语
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • They are building a stone bridge. (名词) • There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词) • I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
• (四) 挑出下列句中的表语
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. • ② Why is he worried about Jim? • ③ The leaves have turned yellow. • ④ Soon They all became interested in the
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes l_e_a_d_in_g_ to the nest-shaped stadium.
定语
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • They are building a stone bridge. (名词) • There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词) • I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
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The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that (8) they
want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like
– He hates you. （代词）
– How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
– We should help the old and the poor.
– I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
英语句子成分
优选
1
4 2 种基本成分+ 种修饰成分
• 基本成分
– 主语
– 谓语动词
– 宾语
– 补足语
• 修饰成分
– 状语 （用来修饰动词 [状语修饰对象不限于动词]）
– 定语（用来修饰名词）
优选
2
关系图
句子成分
核心成分
主语 谓语
基本成分
直接宾语
谓语成分
宾语 补语
间接宾语 主语补足语 （表语）
宾语补足语
主谓
表/主补
定
(8) they want instant a9) They are looking for one-minute solutions （to everything）.
主
谓
宾
宾补
(10)This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
– To see is to believe.
（不定式）
– What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
优选
10
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词）
优选
6
给下列短文划分句子成分。
Losers Look for Quick Fixes
There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. (1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is timeconsuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
定语 （修饰名词）
修饰成分
状语（修饰动词）
优选
3
句子成分
主语、宾语 谓语 补足语 状语 定语
属性
名词性的
动词性的
名词性的或形容词性的
副词性的
形容词性的
优选
4
5 种基本句型 - 动词决定句型
不及物动词 及物动词
系动词
动词类型
1. 不带宾语 2. 带一个宾语 3. 带两个宾语 4. 带宾语和宾语补足语 5. 带主语补足语
主
谓
宾
优选
9
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
✓ 主语可以省略。
✓ 主语的形式结构：
– The sun rises in the east. （名词）
– He likes dancing. （代词）
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. （动名词）
instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude leads to
disappointment or even failure.
优选
7
(1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower
(4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time.
主
谓
时间状语
(5) The first solution appeared easy,
主
谓
表/主补
优选
8
(6) the problem remained.
主
谓
(7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
优选
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓（系）+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a kiss. 4. She made me happy. 5. She is lovable.
5
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。