(完整版)SATog5阅读真题解析
新SAT官方指南阅读第五篇全解析
新SAT官方指南阅读第五篇全解析Passage1is adapted from Michael Slezak,“Space mining：the Next Gold Rush?”○C2013by New Scientist.Passage2is from the editors of New Scientist,“Taming the Final Frontier.”○C2013by New Scientist.Passage1Follow the money and you will end up in space.That’s the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on mining beyond Earth.Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research,the event brought together mining companies,robotics experts,lunar scientists,and government agencies 5that are all working to make space mining a reality.The forum comes hot on the heels of the2012unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms.Planetary Resources of Washington says it will launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years, while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be harvesting metals from asteroids by2020.Another commercial venture that sprung up in2012,Golden Spike of Colorado,will be offering 10trips to the moon,including to potential lunar miners.Within a few decades,these firms may be meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as platinum and gold,and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics,such as yttrium and lanthanum.But like the Gold rush pioneers who transformed the Western United States,the first space miners won’t just enrich themselves.They also hope to build an off-planet 15economy free of any bonds with Earth,in which the materials extracted and processed from themoon and asteroids are delivered for space-based projects.In this scenario,water mined fro other worlds could become the most desired commodity.“In the desert,what’s worth more:a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of water?”asks Kris Zacny of HoneyBee Robotics in New York.“Gold is useless.Water will let you live.”20Water ice from the moon‘s poles could be sent to astronauts on the International Space Station for drinking or as a radiation shield.Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel,so ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary refueling stations.Companies are eyeing the iron,silicon,and aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids,which could be used in3D printers to make spare parts or machinery.Others want to turn space dirt 25into concrete for landing pads,shelters,and roads.Passage2The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting from discovery to economics.The past year has seen a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth.No doubt this will make a few billionaires even wealthier,but we all stand to gain:the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all.30But before the miners start firing up their rockets,we should pause for thought.At first glance,space mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns:there is(probably!)no life on asteroids,and thus no habitats to trash.But its consequences-both here on Earth and in Space-merit careful consideration.Part of this is about principles.Some will argue that space’s“magnificent desolation”is not 35ours to despoil,just as they argue that our own planet’s poles should remain pristine.Others will suggest that glutting ourselves on space’s riches is not an acceptable alternative to developingmore sustainable ways of earthly life.History suggests that those will be hard lines to hold,and it may be difficult to persuade the public that such barren environments are worth preserving.After all,they exist in vast 40abundance,and even fewer people will experience them than have walked through Antarctica’s icy landscapes.There’s also the emerging off-world economy to consider.The resources that are valuable in orbit and beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth.Questions of their relationship have barely been broached-and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is 45fragmentary,to put it mildly.Space miners,like their earthly conterparts,are often reluctant to engage with such questions.One speaker at last week’s space-mining forum in Sydney,Australia,concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided1.But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit exploitation of space.Without consensus,claims will be disputed,investments 50risky,and the gains made insecure.It is all of our long-term interest to seek one out.42.In lines6-10,the author of Passage1mentions several companies primarily to(A)note the technological advances that make space mining possible.(B)provide evidence of the growing interest in space mining.(C)emphasize the large profits to be made from space mining.(D)highlight the diverse ways to carry out space mining operations.正确答案：B分析：文章1的作者列举了很多公司，例如“Planetary Resources of Washington”“Deep Space Industries of Virginia”和“Golden Spike of Colorado”，主要目的是支持他的观点：很多对太空开发感兴趣的公司，正在将太空开发变成现实。
雅思ogtest5全面解析
雅思ogtest5全面解析
雅思（IELTS）是国际英语语言测试系统的简称，是用于衡量非英语母语国家学生的英语能力的考试。
OGTest5指的是雅思考试的第五套官方指南（Official Guide），下面我将从不同角度对OGTest5进行全面解析。
首先，OGTest5包含了对四个模块的详细介绍和解析，包括听力（Listening）、阅读（Reading）、写作（Writing）和口语（Speaking）。
每个模块都有对应的样题和答案解析，以及针对不同题型的解题技巧和答题策略。
这些内容能够帮助考生全面了解雅思考试的各个方面，提高应对考试的能力。
其次，OGTest5还提供了大量的练习题和模拟试卷，让考生有机会在考试前进行充分的练习和模拟，熟悉考试的形式和要求，提高应试能力。
此外，OGTest5也包含了一些考试技巧和策略，帮助考生在有限的时间内高效地完成考试。
此外，OGTest5还对雅思考试的评分标准进行了详细的解释，让考生了解考试评分的规则和标准，从而在备考过程中更加有针对性地提高自己的能力。
考生可以通过对照评分标准来评估自己的水
平，找出自己的不足之处，有针对性地进行提高。
总的来说，OGTest5提供了全面的雅思考试信息和备考资料，能够帮助考生全面系统地准备雅思考试。
通过仔细阅读和练习OGTest5中的内容，考生能够更好地了解雅思考试的要求，提高自己的应试能力，取得更好的考试成绩。
希望这些信息能够对你有所帮助。
明志教育：亚太5月份SAT真题完整版解析
明志教育：亚太5月SAT真题完整版解析阅读部分Q1-10：节选自Nawabdun Electrician, 讲一位农场工人为了养家糊口给农场主兢兢业业地打工，有一天鼓足勇气向老板要求把自行车换成摩托车。
老板觉得对自己有利，欣然同意了。
从此Nawab开始被人重视，还能有更多时间和家人共度。
Q1 答案：C【段落主旨题】第一段先提到Nawab要养家，因此要proliferate his sources of revenue 拓宽他赚钱的渠道，后面列举了众多方式，例如flour mill, fish-farming, fix radios等等。
所以选CQ2 答案：B【词汇题】Kicks所在原句“即使别人让他修手表，他也照单全收，尽管修手表这活儿带给他更多kicks than kudos”可以判断，kicks和kudos意思相反，for后带的原因状语“for no watch he took apart ever kept time again“也在进一步解释Nawab修手表修得很菜，因此kicks在这里指complaints。
Q3 答案：D【修辞作用题】原文把Nawab为雇主看管各种电器比喻成就像工程师在看管即将沉没的蒸汽船的锅炉一样。
比喻的目的是为了说明本体的某种特征，重点是找到对特征的概括。
下一句话提出by his superhuman efforts, 他几乎能使得老板在农场暂住时能像在Lahore时一样舒坦。
所以比喻放在这强调的是他超人般的努力，D选项demanding苛刻的，要求高的。
Q4 答案：A【循证题】上一道题答案来自于28-32行的总结概括。
Q5 答案：C【作用题】Nawab大段的语言，表达的大意是雇主的地很大，只有自己一个人在照看，头发都白了。
结合情节可以判断出来，这是向老板要求升级装备的铺垫，因此选C，强调自己勤劳又忠诚。
A选项拍老板马屁，B选项自吹自擂，D打算辞职都不符合Nawab的意图。
【狒狒出品】SAT官方指南OG 第五套题解析（整理版）
Book Test #5:Section 1Sample Essay - Score of 6Most parents and teachers tell students the extremely tired cliché of the consequences of following the crowd. It is said that, in order to be a competely individual thinker, one must ignore what others say. Such advice is certainly true to some extent; unreasonable malice must be forgotten in order to keep some level ofself-esteem. However, as with most ideas, this one can not be taken in absolute form. In at least some respects, we need other people in order to understand ourselves.An excellent example of a literary character who could have psychologically benefitted from social interaction is J. Alfred Prufrock from T.S. Eliot’s poem “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.” In the poem, Prufrck desires a relationship with a woman very much, but he refrains from initiating conversation because he fears that he could not hold the interest of a sophisticated lady. Should Prufrock have taken the step to accept other people into his life, he most likely would have discovered, as the reader of the poem certainly did, that he is most articulate. Others would have impressed upon him the beauty of his words and his talent for prose. If Prufrock would have spoken his song a loud, the ladies surely would have shown him what he himself did not understand. Since the ladies would reveal Prufrock’s talents to him, it is true that we need others in order to understand ourselves.The lesson of learning from other’s opinions of yourself extends much farther than the song of a fictional character. Two days ago, in an art class, my group of students had assigned self portraits due. Most of us brought in photographs of ourselves. Nevertheless, one boy brought nothing and handed us all slips of paper. He told us to write a word to describe him, and when we had done so, he pasted the words on a poster. This must have been a revealing exercise for him because, upon the sight of such descriptions as “bitter” and “sarcastic”, he was shocked. In the case of this boy, he had not realized how his personality appeared to others. Though he might not have thought himself “bitter”, his friend’s comments certainly made him seem that way. The fact that we need others in order to understand ourselves is clearly shown by this boy’s revelation.Section 21ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer A :Choice (A) is correct. "Guarantee" in this context means to provide strong assurances that something will be the case, and "lobby for" means to influence legislators to support certain measures. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Like many other groups of people in the United States who have needed laws to guarantee equal rights, Americans with disabilities have had to lobby for legislation addressing their concerns." Laws that guarantee equal rights for particular groups of people are usually passed after individuals from those groups have presented their cases to governmental officials who have the power to pass laws.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. "Preclude" means to prevent something or make it impossible, and "enact" means to pass a law. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Like many other groups of people in the United States who have needed laws to preclude equal rights, Americans with disabilities have had to enact legislation addressing their concerns." People do not need or want laws that make equal rights impossible unless these people seek to restrict the rights of others. In any case, legislators are the ones in a position to "enact" laws. People with disabilities who also have the power to enact laws would be referred to as legislators when performing their governmental function.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. "Ascertain" means to find out, and "consolidate" means to unite. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Like many other groups of people in the United States whohave needed laws to ascertain equal rights, Americans with disabilities have had to consolidate legislation addressing their concerns." Abstract concepts like civil rights are not something that people "ascertain." In addition, it is unclear how people would benefit from consolidating different pieces of legislation.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. "Compound" in this context means to increase the extent of, and "contend with" means to deal with something difficult or undesirable. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Like many other groups of people in the United States who have needed laws to compound equal rights, Americans with disabilities have had to contend with legislation addressing their concerns." Though "compound" can be used to mean to increase the extent of something, that use of "compound" is normally found in set phrases like "compound an error," where the object of the verb is something undesirable. Also, people desiring a particular piece of legislation do not need to "contend with" legislation that addresses their concerns; they would need, rather, to "contend with" legislation that rejects their concerns.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :Choice (E) is incorrect. "Suppress" in this context means to curtail or limit, and "ratify" means to validate officially. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Like many other groups of people in the United States who have needed laws to suppress equal rights, Americans with disabilities have had to ratify legislation addressing their concerns." It is hard to imagine why people would seek to limit their own civil rights. Moreover, only legislators have the power to ratify laws; other people can get that power only when they are elected or appointed as legislators.2ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer A :Choice (A) is correct. "Motley" means having many different varieties. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "The café attracts a motley clientele: a startlingly heterogeneous group of people collects there." The colon at the end of the main clause implies that the information that follows it will be a list or an explanation. In this case, the second clause provides a clear explanation of why the clientele was described as motley—that people attracted to it are heterogeneous, or quite unlike one another. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. "Callous" means hardened. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "The café attracts a callous clientele: a startlingly heterogeneous group of people collects there." A sentence containing a colon typically provides a list or an explanation after the colon. This sentence, however, provides a comment following the colon that in no way explains how or why the clientele should be considered hardened.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. "Languid" means lacking energy. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "The café attracts a languid clientele: a startlingly heterogeneous group of people collects there." The second clause of the sentence does not explain why the writer considers the clientele to be languid; this is inconsistent with the use of a colon.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. "Mysterious" means difficult to explain. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "The café attracts a mysterious clientele: a startlingly heterogeneous group of people collects there." The second clause of the sentence does not explain why the clientele is mysterious, which is inconsistent with the use of a colon. Saying that a group of people is quite varied does not explain why it was described as mysterious.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :Choice (E) is incorrect. "Humane" means kind or compassionate. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "The café attracts a humane clientele: a startlingly heterogeneous group of people collects there." Saying that the group of people consists of many different kinds does not explain why the clientele was earlier described as humane. The colon ending the first clause, however, implies that an explanation of the statement in the first clause will appear in the second clause.3ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer C :Choice (C) is correct. "Copious" means abundant, and "amassed" means accumulated. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "The second edition of the textbook provides copious footnotes; since the first edition, the editors have apparently amassed a great deal of background data." The structure of the sentence indicates that the second clause will help explain the first clause. It makes sense to say, then, that it is because the editors have collected a great deal of extra information that the new edition of the book has so many footnotes (typically used to provide background).Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :Choice (A) is incorrect. "Meager" means small in quantity, and "accumulated" means brought together. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "The second edition of the textbook provides meager footnotes; since the first edition, the editors have apparently accumulated a great deal of background data." The second clause of the sentence is presented as an explanation of the first clause. However, the reader would expect the second clause to say why the editors included such a small number of footnotes; the second clause, in fact, does the opposite.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. "Illegible" means unreadable, and "clarified" means made clear or understandable. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "The second edition of the textbook provides illegible footnotes; since the first edition, the editors have apparently clarified a great deal of background data." With those two terms inserted, the two clauses of the sentence do not make much sense together. Editors would not deliberately put unreadable footnotes in a book. The second clause does not respond to this puzzling situation.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. "Voluminous" in this context means great in number, and "excised" means cut out. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "The second edition of the textbook provides voluminous footnotes; since the first edition, the editors have apparently excised a great deal of background data." The structure of the sentence makes the reader expect that the second clause will help to explain something about the large number of footnotes. The second clause, however, unhelpfully talks about the removal of information, without saying how this is supposed to be compatible with the insertion of the many footnotes.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :Choice (E) is incorrect. "Monotonous" in this context means repetitiously dull, and "embellished" means enhanced. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "The second edition of the textbook provides monotonous footnotes; since the first edition, the editors have apparently embellished a great deal of background data." It does not make sense to say that the editors have enhanced data to make for dull footnotes in the new edition of a book.4ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer A :Choice (A) is correct. "Dubious" means in doubt, and "self-serving" means tending to address one's own needs or desires. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Professor Fernandez has been dubious about most of the purportedly humanitarian aspects of the colonial government and has insisted that its actions were, on the contrary, self-serving." The first missing term describes the professor's attitude toward the government's supposed humanitarianism. The phrase "on the contrary" prepares the reader to believe that the second missing term will be incompatible with "humanitarian aspects." A scholar would indeed doubt that the programs of a government were humanitarian or charitable if they turned out to serve the selfish needs of the government itself.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. "Enthusiastic" means having great appreciation, and "contemptible" means worthy of strong dislike. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Professor Fernandez has been enthusiastic about most of the purportedly humanitarian aspects of the colonial government and has insisted that its actions were, on the contrary, contemptible." A person who finds a government's actions despicable would not be enthusiastic about that government.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. "Disparaging" means belittling, and "sporadic" means occurring at irregular intervals. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Professor Fernandez has been disparaging about most of the purportedly humanitarian aspects of the colonial government and has insisted that its actions were, on the contrary, sporadic." Saying that certain actions occur at irregular intervals does not serve as reasonable grounds for the charge that a government is not genuinely interested in promoting humanitarian goals. Specifically, the phrase "on the contrary" leads the reader to expect that "humanitarian" goals would be incompatible with "sporadic" actions. Such a contrast, however, does not exist. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. "Excited" means emotionally aroused, and "gratuitous" in this context means unnecessary. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Professor Fernandez has been excited about most of the purportedly humanitarian aspects of the colonial government and has insisted that its actions were, on the contrary, gratuitous." Someone so excited about a government would be unlikely to claim that its humanitarian actions were unnecessary.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :Choice (E) is incorrect. "Disillusioned" means very disappointed, and "benevolent" means well-intentioned. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Professor Fernandez has been disillusioned about most of the purportedly humanitarian aspects of the colonial government and has insisted that its actions were, on the contrary, benevolent." One would expect the humanitarian actions of a government to be benevolent, or well-intentioned. Therefore, the expectations set up by the words "on the contrary" are not fulfilled. A person disillusioned by a government would not explain that position by pointing out that the government's humanitarian actions were well-intentioned.5ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer E :Choice (E) is correct. "An amalgamation" means a mixture. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Concrete is an amalgamation of many materials, a composite of rocks, pebbles, sand, and cement." A comma placed in a position like the one after "materials" normally introduces a phrase thathelps to define or explain the noun phrase preceding the comma. In this case, the phrase explains that the amalgamation is a composite, or mixture, of distinct materials.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :Choice (A) is incorrect. "A conflagration" means a large fire. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Concrete is a conflagration of many materials, a composite of rocks, pebbles, sand, and cement." It does not make sense to say that concrete is a fire.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. "A distillation" means a purification by boiling and revaporization. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Concrete is a distillation of many materials, a composite of rocks, pebbles, sand, and cement." The product of a distillation would probably be a liquid, not a solid.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. "A concordance" means an alphabetical index of words in a text. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Concrete is a concordance of many materials, a composite of rocks, pebbles, sand, and cement." Concrete and the processes used to make it have nothing to do with book indexes.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. "An aberration" means a deviation from the expected course. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Concrete is an aberration of many materials, a composite of rocks, pebbles, sand, and cement." Neither concrete nor the processes of making it can be called deviations from any course of action.6ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer E :Choice (E) is correct. Moraga is cited as an example of a writer who found it difficult to decide whether to write in English or in Spanish. The title of her book is half in English and half in Spanish, and her comment "I lack language" (line 3) reinforces her sense that there is no satisfactory resolution of her dilemma.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :Choice (A) is incorrect. The passage says that Hispanic American writers face problems in choosing a language to write in, but it says nothing about problems associated with getting works published after they have been written.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. Moraga is cited as a writer experiencing a problem frequently faced by Hispanic American writers. The passage is primarily concerned with this general problem, not with this particular writer and her achievements.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. According to the passage, the title of Moraga's book expresses the difficulty she perceives "in writing in one language when one has lived in another" (line 7-8). There is no suggestion by the author of the passage as to whether Moraga is regarded as being especially expressive as a writer. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. The passage does not say anything about new artistic approaches, nor does it suggest that Moraga's approach is a novel one. Rather, the point is that the difficulties Moraga has experienced in choosing a language are common to Hispanic American writers.7ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer D :Choice (D) is correct. The problem presented in the passage is that of "narrating personal experiences in one language when one has lived in another" (lines 7-8). Someone described as a Russian novelist living in the United States is likely to have lived much of his or her life in Russia, speaking Russian, and whatever insights such a person has are likely to be based, at least in part, on experiences in Russia. So the problem of a Russian novelist living in the United States who has difficulty expressing insights in American English is similar to the problem presented in the passage.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :Choice (A) is incorrect. While a Hispanic American living in a South American country might, like Moraga, feel some conflict between the use of Spanish and English, painters do not primarily employ the medium of language in their work, so this is not a close analogy. Further, there is no mention of bilingual writers' ability to sell their work.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. The problem experienced by the Cherokee columnist is how much background information needs to be supplied to make writings dealing with Native American cultures understandable to readers of national newspapers. This is a different problem from the one presented in the passage, which has to do with using a different language to write about experiences than the one used while living those experiences. A Cherokee columnist might also have this problem, but not as a result of making the assumption that most readers are unfamiliar with Native American cultures.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. The problem in the passage is that of using one language in daily life and then trying to write about one's experiences in a different language. An African American novelist is unlikely to be writing in a completely different language than the one spoken throughout life. Moreover, the historical past of African Americans is not something that a living African American novelist can have experienced.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :Choice (E) is incorrect. Trying to write essays for two audiences with very different linguistic and cultural backgrounds poses a different sort of problem from that described in the passage.8ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer B :Choice (B) is correct. The author characterizes the movie in which HAL appears as a "masterpiece" (line 1) and describes the portrait of HAL as "finely honed" (line 3), or precise, which clearly expresses appreciation. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :Choice (A) is incorrect. The attitude toward the portrait of HAL and toward HAL's creators is one of admiration, not resentment, or ill will.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. There is no indication of any confusion or ambivalence on the part of the author toward the portrait of HAL that Clarke and Kubrick created. It is one of admiration and appreciation throughout.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. The author admires the portrait of HAL, but goes on to say that computers are in some ways even better now. So the author's attitude is not one of veneration or wonder, or awe.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :Choice (E) is incorrect. There is no indication that the author is being sarcastic in admiring the depiction if HAL. Since the author is not ridiculing the portrait, the author's attitude toward the portrait of HAL is not derisive.9ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer A :Choice (A) is correct. In the last sentence, the author points out that besides being "vastly smaller and more portable than HAL" (line 10), today's computers use software interfaces that do not require the type of manual controls required for HAL; in this context, site mobility, and new software interfaces are clearly advantages.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. The last sentence makes it clear that the availability of software interfaces that make manual controls unnecessary is an aspect of the future that Clarke and Kubrick failed to envision. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. The "software interfaces" (line 11) referred to make it possible to use today's computers without the types of manual controls required to operate HAL. Such software interfaces were not envisioned by HAL's creators. Manual controls are presented as the only way—not one of many ways— that human beings could access computers like HAL.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. "Software" is referred to in the passage only in connection with the kind of software interfaces that make certain types of manual controls unnecessary. There is no mention of attempts to override software.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :Choice (E) is incorrect. By referring to "software interfaces" (lines 11) and the manual controls that such software makes unnecessary, the author suggests that current computers are superior to HAL in certain respects. But nothing is either said or implied about whether current computers are inferior to HAL in their ability to simulate human intelligence and emotions10ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer A :Choice (A) is correct. In the beginning of the sentence in which the quotation from the Constitution occurs, women are contrasted with "indentured servants, slaves, and American Indians" (line 6). Women who did not belong to one of these other groups were classified by the Constitution as among "the whole number of freepersons" (line 10). But for these other groups, who were not "free persons," the question of voting and being elected to public office was seen as an issue, whereas for women the issue did not even arise. The quotation from the Constitution emphasizes the internal inconsistency—of classifying women as equivalent to men in one respect and as being unequal to men in another respect.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. The quotation from the Constitution serves to emphasize that women were "free persons" in a very limited sense, not to demonstrate that women were free, while servants, slaves, and American Indians were not.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :Choice (C) is incorrect. The passage specifically says that women could not vote or "be elected to public office" (line 11-12). There is no suggestion that women could get around this restriction by being appointed rather than elected.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) is incorrect. According to the passage, equitable representation, required a reasonably accurate count of "the whole number of free persons" (line 10) in a state. The passage does suggest that there were many people who did not get counted because they were not classified as "free persons," but this is not the same as illustrating the difficulty "of achieving equitable representation."Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :Choice (E) is incorrect. The passage does not use the term "free citizen." The quotation is used in the course of making the point that women were regarded as "free persons" (line 10). Nothing in the passage suggests that someone could be a free person but not a free citizen.11ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONSExplanation for Correct Answer E :Choice (E) is correct. The passage says that "women in large numbers had been involved in political actions in the American Revolution" (lines 14-15), and goes on to mention “fund-raising, tea boycotts, and actions against profiteering merchants” as examples of ways women had found for "exerting influence on political events" (lines 17-18).Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :Choice (A) is incorrect. The passage mentions “fund-raising, tea boycotts, and actions against profiteering merchants” as ways women had found for "exerting influence on political events" (lines 17-18). But exerting influence on events connected with the American Revolution is not the same as altering the course of the American Revolution.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :Choice (B) is incorrect. The activities mentioned in lines 18-19 are cited as examples of political activities undertaken by women in support of the American Revolution. There is no suggestion that the women involved saw these activities as protests against specifically male dominance as opposed to protests against British dominance in general. It is only later that the passage discusses ways women began to raise the issue of rights for women.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :。
雅思og test 5 阅读 解析
雅思og test 5 阅读解析全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：雅思OG测试是一系列为准备参加雅思考试的考生制作的一套考试模拟题。
OG测试从1到12卷，每一卷都包含听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分。
本文将重点关注OG测试第5卷中的阅读部分，并对其进行解析。
第5卷的阅读部分包含三篇文章，分别是关于环保的“Save the Planet”，关于音乐的“The Power of Music”以及关于健康的“Healthy Living”。
考生需要仔细阅读每篇文章，并回答相应的问题。
在“Save the Planet”这篇文章中，主要讨论了环境保护的重要性以及人们应该如何采取行动来保护地球。
文章指出，全球暖化、空气和水污染等环境问题正在加剧，而我们每个人都有责任保护地球。
从节约能源到减少垃圾，每个人都可以做出贡献，保护我们共同的家园。
在“The Power of Music”这篇文章中，介绍了音乐对人类健康和心理状态的积极影响。
文章指出，音乐可以缓解压力、舒缓情绪，甚至有助于提高注意力和创造力。
在面对压力和困难时，人们可以通过欣赏音乐来放松自己，提高生活质量。
最后一篇文章“Healthy Living”讨论了健康生活的重要性。
文章强调了良好的饮食习惯、充足的睡眠和适量的运动对于保持健康的重要性。
只有通过均衡的生活方式，人们才能保持身体和心理的健康，享受更好的生活质量。
在阅读这三篇文章后，考生会面对一系列与文章内容相关的问题。
这些问题可能涉及文章的主旨、细节、作者意图等方面，考生需要根据文章内容正确回答问题，同时练习阅读理解能力。
通过参加雅思OG测试的阅读部分，考生可以提高自己的阅读理解能力，扩大词汇量，增强阅读速度和准确性。
这对于备考雅思考试是非常有帮助的，因为阅读部分在雅思考试中占有很大的比重，考生需要在有限的时间内快速理解文章并回答问题。
雅思OG测试第5卷的阅读部分为备考雅思考试的考生提供了宝贵的练习机会。
新SATOG题目详细解析
新SATOG题目详细解析今天小编为大家详细分享以下新SATOG 题目解析，让大家对新SAT考试有一个更深的了解。
—1—The first time I visited the Art Institute of Chicago, I expected to be impressed by its famous large paintings. (1)On one hand, I couldn’t wait to view (2)painter, Georges Seurat’s, 10-foot-wideA Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte in its full size. It took me by surprise, then, when my favorite exhibit at the museum was one of(3)it’s tiniest; the Thorne Miniature Rooms.1.(A)NO CHANGE(B)For instance,(C)However,(D)Similarly,考点：逻辑题;题目剖析：看到这些逻辑词自然就是逻辑题无疑了～那么咱们的解题办法就是看上下句理解原文：前面说的是整理期望想被large paintings震撼一下;后面说的是我迫不及待地想去参观GS的一幅画;那么这两句话之间只能用“举例子”的逻辑关系连接啦～所以答案选B;江湖上一直说在逻辑题中，however和for instance是两个比较容易选的答案，具体真假只有靠自己亲自刷题来检验啦!2.(A)NO CHANGE(B)painter, George s Seurat’s(C)painter Georges Seurat’s,(D)painter Georges Seurat’s考点：标点符号-逗号;题目剖析：首先A 选项，view+动词宾语，动词宾语和前面的动词之间不能加逗号;然后B 选项painter/physicist/ engineer/astronaut等职业名词+人名;中间一般不加逗号;最后C选项这里Seurat’s是一种形容词性物主代词格式后面加名词不能加逗号;所以答案选D;3.(A)NO CHANGE(B)its tiniest;(C)its tiniest:(D)it’s tiniest,考点：标点符号-分号题目剖析：英语中的分号，句号，以及叹号和问号都属于结句符号，这些标点的前后都必须要是完整的句子才行;所以 AB 选项后面并不是一个句子，所以先排除AB;这里的the Thorne Miniature Rooms 明显就是前面的its tinies后面的冒号表示引出这里的最小的东西叫什么;D 选项肯定不是it’s，因为it's=it is ;这个D 选项是肯定来负责搞笑的!不过新SAT有想拿its和it’s当重要考点的意思。
(完整版)SATog5阅读真题解析
SAT test 51.For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be _________.(A) healthy adj. 健康的(B) expensive adj. 昂贵的(C) wasteful adj. 浪费的(D) toxic adj. 有毒的(E) inane adj. 愚蠢的解析：D，在很长的一段时间里，大多数医生认为用大量的维他命是无害的;不过现在有些人警告过量食用会----。
这里however表示转折与前面的harmless是相反的意思。
2. In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the west Indian heroine _________ her employers' world, critically examining its assumptions and values.(A) idealizes v. 理想化(B) avoids v. 避开(C) beautifies v. 美化(D) scrutinizes v. 仔细检查(E) excludes v. 排除，解析：E，在牙买加金彩的小说露西，这个西印度群岛英雄----她的雇主的世界，精细的审视他的猜测和价值。
这个句子中前后两句意思是一致的，没有转折词，所以空格所需的东西与examining是同义词，所以D。
3.The frequent name changes that the country has undergone _________ the political turbulence that has attended its recent history.(A) argue against v. 真钞，辩论(B) contrast with v. 对比，差异(C) testify to v. 证明(D) jeopardize v. 危及(E) sustain v. 支撑解析：C，这个国家经历了频繁的国名变更---这个国家的近点史上的政治动乱。
SAT新版OG阅读讲解
SAT新版OG阅读讲解SAT新版OG阅读讲解下文是yjbys店铺精心整理的SAT新版OG阅读讲解，此文章适合所有准备阅读考试的考生，仅非适用于SAT er，希望能够帮助到大家，在准备阅读考试的过程中达到事半功倍的效果。
在讲题思路之前，我先讲一下我解题所基于的理论，这样会更有助于大家看懂和理解后面每一道题解题的过程。
Critical Reading分为Sentence completion(句子填空)和Passage Based Reading(篇章阅读)两个部分。
在我看来，其实后者篇章阅读做题其实也可以看作是句子填空题，无非就是把题干中所缺的内容填完整即可(譬如OG391-6， In line 12, the author implies that being “human” includes________)。
只不过句子填空是从句子本身获得所填的信息，填上一两个学术词汇，而阅读题是从文中获得空所缺的信息(注意：有些Question，也可以仅从题干中就能获取解题的'全部信息，无需文中提炼，以后讲题中会提到)。
简而言之，从形式上来讲，可以称“阅读做题”为“补充句子”。
既然为补充句子，所补充的内容一定得是题所缺的内容，反之，如果填上的不是题所缺的内容，必为错误选项。
那如何知道题所缺的内容(譬如情感，主旨，结构，词意，修辞等等)，便成为了解题的第一步，然后随之而来的第二步就是去Locate(定位)一道题所需的内容，而此步也成为了解题中最为关键，最为复杂的一步，但往往此步骤也是被学生最容易忽视的一步。
因为SAT的大部分阅读题的题干中都有line，指定了行号(譬如OG391-6，In line 12, the author implies that being “human” includes________)，所以学生变不假思索的去看行号中指定的内容。
但是，我们去看行号指定内容，是默认题所缺的信息来自于行号才行，但如果题所缺内容根本不在行号指定文字里面，那即使行号指定内容理解得再透彻，选项对应得再好，想必这也不一定是正确选项吧。
5月新SAT真题(阅读+答案)
考情汇总1、难点还是集中在阅读上，小说和双篇文章登顶此次最难的两篇。
2、此次考试的语法部分没有特别难的问题，考生均反映难度适中。
3、写作部分选取的文章非常有利于考生展开分析！4、此次考试数学非常容易，就连北美的同学（美国人）都反映此次数学几乎无压力！5、加试部分为数学，难度依旧非常低。
阅读部分第一篇：小说小说选自美国经典现实主义小说 Sister Carrie，XXX为 Theodore Dreiser，最早出版于1900年。
小说描述了一个贫困的乡村姑娘来到大城市生活，内心向往富足的生活。
为了摆脱穷困，先后跟推销员和酒店经理同居，最后历经磨难，终成一个著名演员。
小说截取的部分在论述 Carrie 在看一出关于纽约奢华生活的舞台剧。
台上演员华衣美服，居所装修华丽，生活应有尽有。
Carrie 不免生出羡慕向往之心。
舞台剧还体现了这些生活在理想状态人还收到感情爱情嫉妒的折磨，这更让Carrie 羡慕，谁不愿意坐在金椅子里发愁，谁会不愿意在洒了香水的挂毯、有坐垫的家具和穿着制服的仆人那样的条件下受些折磨呢？回到她小小的 flat（套间），Carrie 暗暗下决心，假如我不能过上那样的生活，我就等于没有活过，或者说自己活过。
第二篇、自然科学科研型文章研究的主要目的在于探究人类大脑如何区分现实和虚拟（广告/小说人物/童话)信息。
研究者呈现给受试者不同的场景：一，广播听到或报纸阅读到关于布什(总统)和灰姑娘，二，跟总统或跟灰姑娘共进晚餐。
然后利用 MRL 研究他们大脑不同区域的活跃度。
现实和虚拟信息都会激起大脑某些区域比如管记忆的海马沟。
不同的是，现实信息还会激起独特的一个脑区域，这个脑区域跟短时记忆和注意力有关。
一直相对，虚拟的信息会激起一个跟语言相关的脑区域。
研究者后来又在另一拨受试者重复了实验，这次根据跟受试者现实相关的程度设置信息。
结果还是成立，研究者进一步拓展，现实和虚拟其实跟不在于人物本身的现实程度，更跟信息与受试者现实生活的相关度有关。
托福TPO5阅读真题文本翻译及答案Part1
托福TPO5阅读真题文本翻译及答案Part1TPO对于我们的托福备考非常有用，大家还在苦于找不到资料吗？下面小编给大家带来托福TPO5阅读真题文本翻译及答案Part1，希望可以帮助到你们。
托福TPO5阅读真题文本Part1Minerals and PlantsResearch has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. The soil is the source of these minerals, which are absorbed by the plant with the water from the soil. Even nitrogen, which is a gas in its elemental state, is normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions. Some soils are notoriously deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life. So-called serpentine soils, for example, are deficient in calcium, and only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive. In modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling of nutrients back to the soil.Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf tissue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Soils are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces. Phosphorus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation ofanthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficiency is characterized by chlorosis between veins in young leaves.Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research, since it facilitates the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter. Aeroponics, a technique in which plants are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil.While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic and can also limit growth. Saline soils, which have high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts, limit plant growth, and research continues to focus on developing salt-tolerant varieties of agricultural crops. Research has focused on the toxic effects of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and aluminum; however, even copper and zinc, which are essential elements, can become toxic in high concentrations. Although most plants cannot survive in these soils, certain plants have the ability to tolerate high levels of these minerals.Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal. A survey of known hyperaccumulators identified that 75 percent of them amassed nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, and cadmium are other minerals of choice. Hyperaccumulators run the entire range of the plant world. They may be herbs, shrubs, or trees. Manymembers of the mustard family, spurge family, legume family, and grass family are top hyperaccumulators. Many are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, where accumulation of high concentrations of metals may afford some protection against plant-eating insects and microbial pathogens.Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals-an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyperaccumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.Paragraph 1: Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. The soil is the source of these minerals, which are absorbed by the plant with the water from the soil. Even nitrogen, which is a gas in its elemental state, is normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions. Some soils are notoriously deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life. So-called serpentinesoils, for example, are deficient in calcium, and only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive. In modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling of nutrients back to the soil.托福TPO5阅读真题题目Part11. According to paragraph 1, what is true of plants that can grow in serpentine soil?○ They absorb micronutrients unusually well.○ They require far less calcium than most plants do.○ They are able to absorb nitrogen in its elemental state.○ They are typically crops raised for food.Paragraph 2: Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf tissue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Soils are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces. Phosphorus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation of anthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficiency is characterized by chlorosis between veins in young leaves.2. The word "exhibit" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ fight off○ show○ cause○ spread3. According to paragraph 2, which of the following symptoms occurs in phosphorus-deficient plants but not in plants deficient in nitrogen or iron?○ Chlorosis on leaves○ Change in leaf pigmentation to a dark shade of green○ Short, stunted appearance of stems○ Reddish pigmentation on the leaves or stem4. According to paragraph 2, a symptom of iron deficiency is the presence in young leaves of○ deep red discoloration between the veins○ white or yellow tissue between the veins○ dead spots between the veins○ characteristic dark green veinsParagraph 3: Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research, since it facilitatesthe growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter. Aeroponics, a technique in which plants aresuspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil.5. The word "facilitates" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ slows down○ affects○ makes easier○ focuses on6. According to paragraph 3, what is the advantage of hydroponics for research on nutrient deficiencies in plants?○ It allows researchers to control what nutrients a plant receives.○ It allows researchers to observe the growth of a large number of plants simultaneously.○ It is possible to directl y observe the roots of plants.○ It is unnecessary to keep misting plants with nutrient solutions.7. The word "suspended" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ grown○ protected○ spread out○ hungParagraph 5: Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal. A survey of known hyperaccumulators identified that 75 percent of them amassed nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, and cadmium are other minerals of choice. Hyperaccumulators run the entire range of the plant world. They may be herbs, shrubs, or trees. Many members of the mustard family, spurge family, legume family, and grass family are top hyperaccumulators. Many are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, where accumulation of high concentrations of metals may afford some protection against plant-eating insects and microbial pathogens.8. Why does the author mention "herbs", "shrubs", and "trees"?○ To provide examples of plant types that cannot tolerate high levels of harmful minerals.○ To show why so many plants are hyperaccumulators.○ To help explain why hyperaccumulators can be found in so many different places.○ To emphasiz e that hyperaccumulators occur in a wide range of plant types.9. The word "afford" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ offer○ prevent○ increase○ removeParagraph 6: Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals-an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyperaccumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○ Before considering phytoremediation, hyperaccumulating species of plants local to the target area must be identified.○ The investigation begins with an evaluation of toxic sites in the target area to determine the extent of contamination.○ The first step in phytoremediation is the planting of hyperaccumulating plants in the area to be cleaned up.○ Mines and irrigation ponds can be kept from becoming contaminated by planting hyperaccumulating species in targeted areas.11. It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that compared with standard practices for remediation of contaminated soils, phytoremediation○ does not allow for the use of the removed minerals for industrial purposes○ can be faster to implement○ is equally friendly to the environment○ is less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time12. Why does the author mention "Indian mustard"?○ To warn about possible risks involved in phytoremediation ○ To help illustrate the potential of phytoremediation○ To show that hyperaccumulating plants grow in many regions of the world○ To explain how zinc contaminati on can be reducedParagraph 5: Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, can concentrateminerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal. ■A survey of known hyperaccumulators identified that 75 percent of them amassed nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, and cadmium are other minerals of choice. ■Hyperaccumulators run the entire range of the plant world. ■They may be herbs, shrubs, or trees. ■Many members of the mustard family, spurge family, legume family, and grass family are top hyperaccumulators. Many are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, where accumulation of high concentrations of metals may afford some protection against plant-eating insects and microbial pathogens.13. Loo k at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Certain minerals are more likely to be accumulated in large quantities than others.Where could the sentence best fit?14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities for normal growth and development.●●●Answer Choices○Some plants are able to ac cumulate extremely high levelsof certain minerals and thus can be used to clean up soils contaminated with toxic levels of these minerals.○Though beneficial in lower levels, high levels of salts, other minerals, and heavy metals can be harmful to plants.○When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals, characteristic abnormalities result.○Because high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit growth in most plants, much researchhas been done in an effort to develop salt-tolerant agricultural crops.○Some plants can tolerate comparatively low levels of certain minerals, but such plants are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils.○Mineral deficiencies in many plants can be cured by misting their roots with a nutrient solution or by transferring the plants to a soilless nutrient solution托福TPO5阅读真题答案Part1参考答案：1.○22.○23.○24.○25.○36.○17.○48.○49.○110.○311.○412.○213.○114. Some plants are able toThough beneficial in lower…When plants do not…托福TPO5阅读真题文本翻译Part1参考翻译：矿物质和植物研究表明，某些矿物质是植物正常生长发育所必需的。
TPO5托福阅读真题原文及答案解析Part2
TPO5托福阅读真题原文及答案解析Part2现在大家在进行托福备考时TPO托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。
今天小编在这里整理了TPO5托福阅读真题原文及答案解析Part2来分享给大家，希望对大家托福听力备考有帮助托福TPO5阅读真题文本：Part2The Origin of the Pacific Island PeopleThe greater Pacific region, traditionally called Oceania, consists of three cultural areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific, contains the large islands of New Guinea, the Solomons, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. Micronesia, the area north of Melanesia, consists primarily of small scattered islands. Polynesia is the central Pacific area in the great triangle defined by Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand. Before the arrival of Europeans, the islands in the two largest cultural areas, Polynesia and Micronesia, together contained a population estimated at 700,000.Speculation on the origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders encountered them, in the absence of solid linguistic, archaeological, and biological data, many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised. Pacific islanders are variously thought to have come from North America, South America, Egypt, Israel, and India, as well as Southeast Asia. Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific. They inferred that the Egyptians even crossed the Pacific to found the great civilizations of the NewWorld (North and South America). In 1947 Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl drifted on a balsa-log raft westward with the winds and currents across the Pacific from South America to prove his theory that Pacific islanders were Native Americans (also called American Indians). Later Heyerdahl suggested that the Pacific was peopled by three migrations: by Native Americans from the Pacific Northwest of North America drifting to Hawaii, by Peruvians drifting to Easter Island, and by Melanesians. In 1969 he crossed the Atlantic in an Egyptian-style reed boat to prove Egyptian influences in the Americas. Contrary to these theorists, the overwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents.The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. It is now generally believed that these prerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austronesian languages (a group of several hundred related languages) and began to emerge in Southeast Asia by about 5000 B.C.E. The culture of that time, based on archaeology and linguistic reconstruction, is assumed to have had a broad inventory of cultivated plants including taro, yarns, banana, sugarcane, breadfruit, coconut, sago, and rice. Just as important, the culture also possessed the basic foundation for an effective maritime adaptation, including outrigger canoes and a variety of fishing techniques that could be effective for overseas voyaging.Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. Detailed studies of the winds and currents using computer simulations suggest that drifting canoes would have been a most unlikely means of colonizing the Pacific. These expeditions were likely driven by population growth and political dynamics on the home islands, as well as the challenge and excitement of exploring unknown waters.Because all Polynesians, Micronesians, and many Melanesians speak Austronesian languages and grow crops derived from Southeast Asia, all these peoples most certainly derived from that region and not the New World or elsewhere. The undisputed pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of the sweet potato, which is a New World domesticate, has sometimes been used to support Heyerdahl's "American Indians in the Pacific" theories. However, this is one plant out of a long list of Southeast Asian domesticates. As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America.Paragraph1: The greater Pacific region, traditionally called Oceania, consists of three cultural areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific, contains the large islands of New Guinea, the Solomons, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. Micronesia, the area north of Melanesia, consists primarily of small scattered islands. Polynesia is the central Pacificarea in the great triangle defined by Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand. Before the arrival of Europeans, the islands in the two largest cultural areas, Polynesia and Micronesia, together contained a population estimated at 700,000.托福TPO5阅读题目：Part21. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true statements about Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia EXCEPT: ○ Collectively, these regions are traditionally known as Oceania.○ These islands of Micronesia are small and spread out.○ Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand mark the boundaries of Polynesia.○ Melanesia is situated to the north of Mic ronesia.Paragraph 2: Speculation on the origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders encountered them, in the absence of solid linguistic, archaeological, and biological data, many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised. Pacific islanders are variously thought to have come from North America, South America, Egypt, Israel, and India, as well as Southeast Asia. Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific. They inferred that the Egyptians even crossed the Pacific to found the great civilizations of the New World (North and South America). In 1947 Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl drifted on a balsa-log raft westward with the winds and currents across the Pacific from South America to prove his theory that Pacific islanders were Native Americans (also called American Indians). LaterHeyerdahl suggested that the Pacific was peopled by three migrations: by Native Americans from the Pacific Northwest of North America drifting to Hawaii, by Peruvians drifting to Easter Island, and by Melanesians. In 1969 he crossed the Atlantic in an Egyptian-style reed boat to prove Egyptian influences in the Americas. Contrary to these theorists, theoverwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents.2. By stating that the theories are "mutually exclusive" the author means that○ if one of the theories is true, then all the others must be false○ the differences between the theories are unimportant○ taken together, the theories cover all possibilities○ the theories support each other3. The word "overwhelming" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ powerful○ favorable○ current○ reas onable4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following led some early researchers to believe that the Pacific islanders originally came from Egypt?○ Egyptians were known to have founded other great civilizations.○ Sailors from other parts of the worl d were believed to lack the skills needed to travel across the ocean.○ Linguistic, archaeological, and biological data connected the islands to Egypt.○ Egyptian accounts claimed responsibility for colonizing the Pacific as well as the Americas.5. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about early theories of where the first inhabitants of the Pacific islands came from?○ They were generally based on solid evidence.○ They tried to account for the origin of the characteristic features of the languages spoken by Pacific islanders.○ They assumed that the peoples living in Southeast Asia did not have the skills needed to sail to the Pacific islands.○ They questioned the ideas of G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry.Paragraph 3: The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. It is now generally believed that these prerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austronesian languages (a group of several hundred related languages) and began to emerge in Southeast Asia by about 5000 B.C.E. The culture of that time, based on archaeology and linguistic reconstruction, is assumed to have had a broad inventory of cultivated plants including taro, yarns, banana, sugarcane, breadfruit, coconut, sago, and rice. Just as important, the culture also possessed the basic foundation for an effective maritime adaptation, including outrigger canoes and a variety of fishing techniques that could be effective for overseas voyaging.6. The word "implements" in the passage is closest inmeaning to○ skills○ tools○ opportunities○ practices7. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as required for successful colonization of the Pacific islands EXCEPT ○ knowledge of various Austronesian languages○ a variety of fishing techniques○ navigational skills○ knowledge of plant cultivation8. In paragraph 3, why does the author provide information about the types of crops grown and boats used in Southeast Asia during the period around 5000 B. C. E.?○ To evaluate the relative importance of agriculture and fishing to early Austronesian peoples○ To illustrate the effectiveness of archaeological and linguistic methods in discovering details about life in ancient times○ To contrast living conditions on the continent of Asia with living conditions on the Pacific islands○ To demonstrate that people from this region had the skills and resources necessary to travel to and survive on the Pacific islandsParagraph 4: Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. Detailed studies of the winds and currents using computersimulations suggest that drifting canoes would have been a most unlikely means of colonizing the Pacific. These expeditions were likely driven by population growth and political dynamics on the home islands, as well as the challenge and excitement of exploring unknown waters. Because all Polynesians, Micronesians, and many Melanesians speak Austronesian languages and grow crops derived from Southeast Asia, all these peoples most certainly derived from that region and not the New World or elsewhere. The undisputed pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of the sweet potato, which is a New World domesticate, has sometimes been used to support Heyerdahl's "American Indians in the Pacific" theories. However, this is one plant out of a long list of Southeast Asian domesticates. As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America.9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.10. The word "undisputed" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ mysterious○ unexpected○ acknowledged○ significant11. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT an explanation for why a group of people might have wanted to colonize the Pacific islands?○ As their numbers increased, they needed additional territory.○ The winds and currents made the islands easy to reach.○ The political situation at home made emigration desira ble.○ They found exploration challenging and exciting.12. Why does the author mention the views of "Patrick Kirch"?○ To present evidence in favor of Heyerdahl's idea about American Indians reaching Oceania○ To emphasize the familiarity of Pacific islanders with crops from many different regions of the world○ To indicate that supposed proof for Heyerdahl's theory has an alternative explanation○ To demonstrate that some of the same crops were cultivated in both South America and OceaniaParagraph 2: Speculation on the origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders encountered them, in the absence of solid linguistic, archaeological, and biological data, many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised.Pacific islanders are variously thought to have come from North America, South America, Egypt, Israel, and India, as well as Southeast Asia. ■Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. ■For examp le, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific. ■They inferred that the Egyptians even crossed the Pacific to found the great civilizations of the New World (North and South America). ■In 1947 Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl drifted on a balsa-log raft westward with the winds and currents across the Pacific from South America to prove his theory that Pacific islanders were Native Americans (also called American Indians). Later Heyerdahl suggested that the Pacific was peopled by three migrations: by Native Americans from the Pacific Northwest of North America drifting to Hawaii, by Peruvians drifting to Easter Island, and by Melanesians. In 1969 he crossed the Atlantic in an Egyptian-style reed boat to prove Egyptian influences in the Americas. Contrary to these theorists, the overwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Later theories concentrate on journeys in the other direction.Where could the sentence best fit?Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the mostimportant ideas in the passage. Some answer c14. hoices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or15. are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Together, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia make up the region described as the Pacific islands, or Oceania.●●●Answer Choices○The first Europeans to reach the area assumed that the islands' original inhabitants must have drifted to Oceania, perhaps from Egypt or the Americas.○It is now believed that the process of colonization required a great deal of skill, determination, and planning and could not have happened by chance.○Using linguistic and archaeological evidence, anthropologists have determined that the first Pacific islanders were Austronesian people from Southeast Asia.○New evidence suggests that, rather than being isolated, Pacific islanders engaged in trade and social interaction with peoples living in Southeast Asia.○Although early colonizers of the islands probably came from agriculture-based societies, they were obliged to adopt an economy based on fishing.○Computer simulations of the winds and currents in the Pacific have shown that reaching the Pacific islands was probably much easier than previously thought托福TPO5阅读真题翻译：Part2参考答案：1.○42.○13.○14.○25.○36.○27.○18.○49.○410.○311.○212.○313.○414. The first Europeans to…It is now believed that…Using linguistic and…托福TPO5阅读翻译Part2参考翻译：太平洋群岛居民的起源广义的太平洋地区，传统上被称作大洋洲，由三块文化区域组成：美拉尼西亚，密克罗尼西亚和波利尼西亚。
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SAT test 51.For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be _________.(A) healthy adj. 健康的(B) expensive adj. 昂贵的(C) wasteful adj. 浪费的(D) toxic adj. 有毒的(E) inane adj. 愚蠢的解析：D，在很长的一段时间里，大多数医生认为用大量的维他命是无害的;不过现在有些人警告过量食用会----。
这里however表示转折与前面的harmless是相反的意思。
2. In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the west Indian heroine _________ her employers' world, critically examining its assumptions and values.(A) idealizes v. 理想化(B) avoids v. 避开(C) beautifies v. 美化(D) scrutinizes v. 仔细检查(E) excludes v. 排除，解析：E，在牙买加金彩的小说露西，这个西印度群岛英雄----她的雇主的世界，精细的审视他的猜测和价值。
这个句子中前后两句意思是一致的，没有转折词，所以空格所需的东西与examining是同义词，所以D。
3.The frequent name changes that the country has undergone _________ the political turbulence that has attended its recent history.(A) argue against v. 真钞，辩论(B) contrast with v. 对比，差异(C) testify to v. 证明(D) jeopardize v. 危及(E) sustain v. 支撑解析：C，这个国家经历了频繁的国名变更---这个国家的近点史上的政治动乱。
从句意可以看后句和前句是因果关系，前面证明了后面。
4.Brachiopods, clamlike bivalves of prehistoric times, were one of the most _________ forms of life on the Earth: more than 30,000 species have been _________ from fossil records.(A) plentiful adj. 丰富的...subtracted v. 减去(B) ornate adj. 华丽的...retrieved v. 重新取回(C) multifarious adj. 多方面的...catalogued v. 登记分类(D) scarce adj. 缺乏的，罕见的...extracted v. 萃取的(E) anachronistic adj. 时代错误的...extrapolated v. 推算，推断解析：C，腕足类就像远古时代的双壳蚌一样，是地球上—生物形式的一种：30000多种已经从化石记录上---。
从后面的species 可以看出与前面的空格是同义词，多样性的种类。
后面可以看出从化石记录中登记了。
5 Some interactive computer games are so elaborately contrived and require such _________ strategies that only the most __________ player can master them.(A) byzantine adj. 错综复杂的...adroit adj. 熟练的，机敏的(B) nefarious adj. 极坏的，恶毒的...conscientious adj. 认真的，勤奋的(C) devious adj. 迂回的，狡猾的ckadaisical adj. 无精打采的(D) onerous adj. 困难的，繁重...slipshod adj. 穿着不整齐的，潦草的(E) predictable adj. 可预言的pulsive adj. 强制的，强迫的解析：A，一些电脑互动的游戏设计的如此精致巧妙需要----策略只有那些最—玩家能够驾驭他们。
这里前面空格与elaborately 是同义词，所以A。
Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.The critic Edmund Wilson was not a self-consciousletter writer or one who tried to sustain studied mannerisms.Nor did he resort to artifice or entangle himself incircumlocutions. The young, middle-aged, and old Wilson5 speaks directly through his letters, which are informal forthe most part and which undisguisedly reflect his changingmoods. On occasion-in response, perhaps, to the miseryof a friend or a public outrage or a personal challenge-hecan become eloquent, even passionate, but that is not his10 prevailing tone.文章大意：文章主要讲评论家埃德蒙威尔逊在写信的风格上不拘一格，直言不讳，他的一生都是这样的风格不扭捏拘谨，应对各种挑战时候也能从容不会能言善辩。
长难词：mannerisms特殊习惯，矫揉造作，artifice 欺骗entangle 是纠缠，混乱circumlocution委婉的说法eloquent雄辩的，有口才的，outrage 愤怒undisguisedly公开的，不伪装的。
6. Based on the information in the passage,Wilson's letters can best be described as(A) cynical冷嘲的(B) spontaneous自发的无意识的(C) critical批判的(D) preachy爱唠叨的(E) witty诙谐的，机智的解析：B，这是主旨题，考察对文章全文的把控，文章开篇就提到埃德蒙的写信风格是不矫揉造作的，直言的。
7. The reference 10 the "young, middle-aged, andold Wilson" (line 4) serves to suggest the(A) multifaceted nature of Wilson's literarypersona(B) maturity Wilson displayed even as a youth(C) effect aging had on Wilson's temperament(D) longevity of Wilson's literary career(E) consistency of Wilson's letter-writing style解析：E，这里说从青年，中年，到老年他的写作风格都是informal和undisguisedly,一直都没有变过。
Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage.The belief that it is harmful to the Black communityfor authors to explore the humanity of our leaders canhave troubling effects. At the least, it promotes the beliefthat our heroes have to be perfect to be useful. At worst.5 it censors our full investigation of Black life. If our paintingsof that life are stock and cramped, their colors draband predictable, the representations of our culture are likelyto be untrue. They will not capture the breadth andcomplexity of Black identity.文章大意：文中描述对于黑人区的探索，对黑人生活的描述过于晦涩难懂的话很可能我们展现的形式会失真，所以整篇文段是对黑人生活展现形式的讨论。
长难词：censor监察官cramp难懂的狭隘的drab无生气的，褐色的breadth宽度幅度8. The passage implies that Black leaders have sometimes been portrayed as being(A) overly sentimental(B) deeply complex(C) above reproach(D) without regret(E) beyond understanding解析：C，文中提到“At the least, it promotes the belief that our heroes have to be perfect to be useful.”暗示有时候将领导人展现为不可挑剔的英雄。
9. In context, the "paintings" (lines 5-6) are bestunderstood as a reference to(A) realistic sculptures(B) historical biographies(C) whimsical novels(D) political cartoons(E) colorful theorems解析：B，paiting这里是对黑人领导生活的描述，那么一般就是我们所说的历史传记。